weighted signal-to-noise ratio
(complete signal path)
CCIR 468-4 weighted;
quasi peak; dual mode;
5256−dB
B/G standard; note 1
total identification time on for
identification mode change
FM-PLL input sensitivity for
pull-in (RMS value)
AF channel separation (stereo
mode; complete signal path)
AF crosstalk attenuation (dual
normal mode; note 20.35−2s
fast mode; note 20.1−0.5s
1st carrier−−6mV
2nd carrier−−1mV
B/G standard; note 3
without alignment2530−dB
2
I
C-bus alignment4045−dB
6570−dB
mode; complete signal path)
Notes
1. Condition for B/G, I and D/K standard: V
= 5 V and ∆f = 27 kHz (m = 54%).
CC
Condition for M standard: VCC= 5 V and ∆f = 13.5 kHz; 6 dB gain added internally, to compensate smaller deviation.
2. The maximum total system identification time on for a channel change is equal to maximum value of t
t
I2C read-out
identification time off for a channel change is equal to maximum value of t
(
see also “The I2C-bus and how to use it”
(order number 9398 393 40011)). The maximum total system
plus t
ident(off)
I2C read-out
ident(on)
. The fast mode is
proposed mainly during search tuning, program or channel select. If the channel is selected, the identification
response should be switched to normal mode for improved reliability. However due to the transition from fast to
normal mode, the identification bits are not valid for one integrator period. Therefore the transmitter mode detected
during the fast mode has to be stored before changing to normal mode. The storage has to be kept for two seconds
(maximum value of t
in the normal mode) from the moment of transition. The identification can now operate in
ident(on)
the normal mode until the next tuning action.
3. R modulated, L monitored.
1999 Apr 263
plus
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The FM demodulators are Narrow-Band PLLs (NBPLLs)
with external loop filters, to provide the required selectivity.
To achieve good selectivity, linear Phase Detectors (PDs)
and constant input levels are required. The intercarrier
signal from the input terminal is fed via high-pass filters
and gain controlled amplifiers to the phase detectors.
A carrier cancellation circuit placed before the amplifier for
the second PLL is used to reduce the first sound carrier.
The PD output signals control the integrated relaxation
oscillators via the loop filters. The frequency range is
approximately 4 to 7 MHz. As a result of locking, the
oscillator frequency tracks with the modulation of the input
signal and the oscillator control voltages are
superimposed by the AF voltages. Using this method, the
FM-PLLs operate as FM demodulators. The AF voltages
are present at the loop filters and fed via buffers with 0 dB
gain to the audio amplifiers. The supported standards and
their characteristics are given in Table 1.
Digital acquisition help
A narrow-band PLL requires a measure to lock to the
wanted input signal. Each relaxation oscillator of the three
integrated PLLs (1st and 2nd sound carriers and pilot
carrier) has a wide frequency range. To guarantee correct
locking of the PLL with respect to the catching range, the
digital acquisition help provides individual control until the
VCO frequency is within the standard and PLL dependent
lock-in window, related to the standard dependent carriers.
It ensures that the oscillator frequency of the FM-PLL is
within ±225 kHz of the sound carrier to be demodulated.
The pilot carrier frequency window is ±150 Hz.
The working principal of the digital acquisition help is as
follows: The VCOs are connected, one at a time, to a
down-counter. The counter start value is standard
dependent and predefined for each of the three PLLs.
After a given counting time the stop value of the
down-counter is probed.
In an endless circle the VCO of the next PLL will be
connected to the down-counter and the described
procedure starts again.
The whole tracing as well as the counting time itself is
derived from the external frequency reference. The cycle
time is 256 µs.
Auto mute
If a sound carrier is missed, acquisition pulses are
generated when the NBPLL frequency leaves the window
edges. To avoid noise at the audio output, an I2C-bus
switchable mute-enable stage is built in. If auto mute is
enabled via the I
after the first acquisition pulse. If a sound carrier occurs
(no further acquisition pulses), the mute stage
automatically returns to active mode after 40 ms.
If the 1st sound carrier is not present, the 2nd audio
channel will also be muted.
Audio preamplifier
The AF preamplifiers are operational amplifiers with
internal feedback, high gain and high common mode
rejection. The AF voltages from the PLL demodulators
(small output signals) are amplified by approximately
34 dB. Using a DC operating point control circuit, the AF
amplifiers are decoupled from the PLL DC voltage.
The amplified AF signals are available at the output
terminals and fed via external decoupling capacitors to the
stereo decoder input terminals.
Stereo decoder
The input circuit incorporates a soft-mute stage which is
controlled by the FM-PLL acquisition circuit. The auto
mute function can be disabled via the I
The AF output voltage is 500 mV (RMS) for 54%
modulation, clipping therefore may occur at high
over-modulation. If more headroom is required the input
signal can be attenuated by 6 dB via the I2C-bus.
2
C-bus, the circuit mutes immediately
2
C-bus.
If the stop value is lower (higher) than the expected value
range, the VCO frequency is higher (lower) than the lock-in
window. A negative (positive) control current is injected
into the loop filter for a short time, thereby decreasing
(increasing) the VCO frequency by a proportional value.
If the stop value meets the expected value range, the VCO
frequency is within the defined lock-in window and no
control current is injected into the loop filter.
1999 Apr 267
A stereo adjustment (see Fig.6) is incorporated to correct
the FM demodulator output voltage spread, see Table 19.
If no I2C-bus adjustment is required (potentiometer
adjustment or no adjustment) the default value should be
0 dB for B/G, M and D/K (2) standard. For the standards
D/K (1) and D/K (3) the 2nd sound carrier frequency is
below the1st sound carrier which results in a lower AF
output level for the 2nd sound carrier. In this state, a gain
of +0.1 dB for D/K (1) and +0.2 dB for D/K (3) is preferred.
In the following dematrix, the modes stereo, mono and
dual are processed for the different standards. The 6 dB
level difference between B/G and M standard is
automatically compensated in the dematrix, therefore no
further level adaption is needed.
De-emphasis is performed by two RC low-pass filter
networks with internal resistors and external capacitors.
The time constant is automatically switched to 50 µs or
75 µs according to the chosen standard.
Due to some frequency response peaking of the FM
demodulation, compensation is necessary. This is done by
having a slightly larger time constant for the de-emphasis.
All other settings such as AF switch, stereo channel
adjustment values or default corrections have to be
controlled via the I2C-bus depending on the identification
or user definition.
AF switch
The circuit incorporates a single stereo and mono AF
output. Using rail-to-rail operational amplifiers, the clipping
level is set to 1.4 V (RMS) for V
CC
=5V.
As well as the internal stereo decoder output signal, one
external stereo and one mono input can be switched to the
AF outputs. Both the mono and stereo outputs can be
switched independent of the internal or external sources,
see Tables 15 and 25. Fig.6 shows the switch
configurations.
A nominal gain of 0 dB for the signals from the external
inputs to the outputs is built-in.
Stereo/dual sound identification
The pilot signal is fed to the input of a NBPLL. The PLL
circuit generates the synchronized pilot carrier. This carrier
is used for the synchronous AM-demodulation to get the
low-pass filtered identification signal.
A Schmitt trigger circuit performs pulse shaping of the
identification signal when the signal level is higher than the
Schmitt trigger threshold. For smaller signal levels there is
no AC output signal, thus protecting against
mis-identification caused by spurious signal components.
The identification stages consist of two digital PLL circuits
and digital integrators to generate the stereo or dual sound
identification bits, which can be read out via the I
2
C-bus.
A 4 MHz crystal oscillator provides the reference clock
frequency. The corresponding detection bandwidth is
larger than ±50 Hz for the pilot carrier signal, so that f
pilot
variations from the transmitter can be tracked in the event
of missing synchronization with the horizontal frequency
fH. However, the detection bandwidth for the identification
signal is limited to approximately ±1 Hz for high
identification reliability.
2
C-bus transceiver
I
The TDA9873H is microcontroller controlled via a 2-wire
I2C-bus.
Two wires, serial data (SDA) and serial clock (SCL) carry
information between the devices connected to the bus.
The TDA9873H has an I2C-bus slave transceiver with
auto-increment.
To avoid conflicts in applications with other ICs providing
similar or complementary functions, two slave addresses
are available, selected on the pin MAD. A slave address is
sent from the master to the slave receiver.
In the TV sound processor family several devices are
available. To identify the TDA9873H device, the master
sends a slave address with R/W bit = 0. The slave then
generates an acknowledge and the master sends the data
subaddress 254 to the slave, followed by an acknowledge
from the slave to the master. The master then sends the
slave address with R/W bit = 1. The slave then transmits
the device identification code 80H to the master, followed
by an acknowledge NOT and a STOP condition generated
by the master.
Control ports
Two digital open-collector output ports P1 and P2 provide
external switching functions in the receiver front-end or
IF demodulators. The ports are controlled by the I
2
C-bus
(see Tables 22 and 23) and are freely programmable.
The different supply voltages and currents required for the
analog and digital circuits are derived from two internal
band gap reference circuits. One of the band gap circuits
internally generates a voltage of approximately 2.4 V,
independent of the supply voltage and temperature.
A voltage regulator circuit, connected to this voltage,
produces a constant voltage of 3.55 V which is used as an
internal reference voltage. The AF reference voltage V
1
⁄2VCC. Good ripple rejection is achieved with the external
capacitor C
= 100 µF (16 V) in combination with an
ref
ref
internal resistor at pin 6. No additional DC load for1⁄2V
Power-on reset
When a power-on reset is activated by switching on the
supply voltage or because of a supply voltage breakdown,
the 117/274 Hz DPLL, 117/274 Hz integrator and the
registers will be reset. Both AF channels (main and mono)
are muted. The ports are in position HIGH. Gain stereo
adjustment is 0 dB. Auto mute is active. For detailed
information see Table 12.
is
CC
is allowed.
Analog ground (AGND, pin 7) and digital ground
(DGND, pin 27) should be connected directly to the IC.
LIMITING VALUES
In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134).
SYMBOLPARAMETERCONDITIONSMIN.MAX.UNIT
V
CC
supply voltage (pin 28)maximum chip
06.8V
temperature of
125 °C; note 1
V
T
T
V
i
stg
amb
es
input voltage at:
pins 1 to 28 and 31 to 440V
pins 29 to 30−0.3V
CC
CC
V
V
storage temperature−25+150°C
operating ambient temperature−20+70°C
electrostatic handlingnote 2−150+150V
note 3−2500+2500V
Notes
1. I
= 60 mA; T
CC
=70°C; R
amb
th(j-a)
= 70 K/W.
2. Machine model class B: C = 200 pF; L = 0.75 µH; R = 0 Ω.
3. Human body model class B: C = 100 pF; R = 1.5 kΩ.
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
SYMBOLPARAMETERCONDITIONSVALUEUNIT
R
th(j-a)
thermal resistance from junction to ambientin free air70K/W