Philips saa7196 DATASHEETS

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

DATA SH EET

SAA7196

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock generator circuit (DESCPro)

Product speciﬁcation File under Integrated Circuits, IC22

1996 Nov 04

Philips Semiconductors Product speciﬁcation

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock generator circuit (DESCPro)

CONTENTS

1 FEATURES 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 3 QUICK REFERENCE DATA 4 ORDERING INFORMATION 5 BLOCK DIAGRAM 6 PINNING 7 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

7.1 Decoder part

7.1.1 Chrominance processor

7.1.2 Luminance processor

7.1.3 Synchronization

7.2 Expansion port (see Fig.2)

7.3 Monitor controls BCS (see Fig.2)

7.3.1 Brightness and contrast controls; see Tables 1 and 2

7.3.2 Saturation control; see Table 3

7.3.3 RTCO output pin 44 (see Fig.11)

7.3.4 RTS1 and RTS0 outputs (pins 34 and 35)

7.4 Scaler part

7.4.1 Decimation filters

7.4.2 Vertical processing (VPU_Y)

7.4.3 RGB matrix

7.4.3.1 Anti-gamma ROM tables

7.4.4 Chrominance signal keyer

7.4.5 Scale control and vertical regions

7.4.5.1 Vertical bypass region

7.4.5.2 Vertical scaling region

7.4.5.3 Vertical regions (see Fig.12)

7.4.6 Output data representation and levels

7.4.7 Output FIFO register and VRAM port

7.4.8 VRAM port transfer procedures

7.4.9 Data burst transfer mode

7.4.10 Transparent data transfer mode

7.4.10.1 Interlaced processing (OF bits, subaddress 20)

7.4.10.2 INCADR timing

7.4.10.3 Monochrome format (see Table 10)

7.4.10.4 VRAM port specifications

7.4.11 Field processing

7.4.12 Operation cycle

7.5 Power-on reset

8 PROGRAMMING MODEL

8.1 I2C-bus format

8.2 I2C-bus status information

8.3 Decoder part

8.4 Scaler part

SAA7196

9 LIMITING VALUES 10 CHARACTERISTICS 11 PROCESSING DELAYS 12 APPLICATION INFORMATION

12.1 Programming example 13 PACKAGE OUTLINE 14 SOLDERING

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Reflow soldering

14.3 Wave soldering

14.4 Repairing soldered joints 15 DEFINITIONS 16 LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS 17 PURCHASE OF PHILIPS I2C COMPONENTS

1996 Nov 04 2

Philips Semiconductors Product speciﬁcation

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock generator circuit (DESCPro)

1 FEATURES

• Digital 8-bit luminance input [video (Y) or CVBS]

• Digital 8-bit chrominance input [CVBS or C from CVBS,

Y/C, S-Video (S-VHS or Hi8)]

• Luminance and chrominance signal processing for main

standards PAL, NTSC and SECAM

• Horizontal and vertical sync detection for all standards

• User programmable luminance peaking for aperture

correction

• Compatible with memory-based features (line-locked

clock, square pixel)

• Cross colour reduction by chrominance comb-filtering

for NTSC or special cross-colour cancellation for SECAM

• UV signal delay lines for PAL to correct chrominance

phase errors

• Square-pixel format with 768/640 active samples per

line

• The bidirectional expansion port (YUV-bus) supports

data rates of 780 × f SECAM) in 4 :2:2 format

• Brightness, contrast, hue and saturation controls for

scaled outputs

• Down-scaling of video windows with 1023 active

samples per line and 1023 active lines per frame to randomly sized windows

• 2D data processing for improved signal quality of scaled

luminance data, especially for compression applications

• Chroma key (α-generation)

• YUV to RGB conversation including anti-gamma

ROM tables for RGB

• 16-word output FIFO (32-bit words)

• Output configurable for 32-, 24- and 16-bit

video data bus

• Scaled 16-bit 4 :2:2 YUV output

• Scaled 15-bit RGB (5-5-5+α) and 24-bit (8-8-8+α)

output

• Scaled 8-bit monochrome output

• Line increment, field sequence (odd/even,

interlace/non-interlaced) and vertical reset control for easy memory interfacing

• Output of discontinuous data bursts of scaled video data

or continuous data output with corresponding qualifier signals

• Real-time status information

(NTSC) and 944 × fH (PAL,

SAA7196

C-bus control

• I

• Only one crystal of 26.8 MHz required

• Clock generator on chip.

2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The CMOS circuit SAA7196, digital video decoder, scaler and clock generator (DESCPro), is a highly integrated circuit for DeskTop Video applications. It combines the functions of a digital multistandard decoder (SAA7191B), a digital video scaler (SAA7186) and a clock generator (SAA7197).

The decoder is based on the principle of line-locked clock decoding. It runs at square-pixel frequencies to achieve correct aspect ratio. Monitor controls are provided to ensure best display.

Four data ports are supported:

• Port CVBS7 to CVBS0 of input interface; used in Y/C mode (see Fig.1) to decode digitized luminance and chrominance signals (digitized in two external ADCs). In normal mode, only this input port is used and only one ADC is necessary (see Fig.4)

• Port CHR7 to CHR0 of input interface; used in Y/C mode (see Fig.1) to decode digitized luminance and chrominance signals (digitized in two external ADCs)

• 32-bit VRAM output port; interface to the video memory. It outputs the down-scaled video data; different formats and operation modes are supported by this circuit

• 16-bit expansion port; this is a bidirectional port. In general, it establishes the digital YUV as known from the SAA71x1 family of digital decoders. In addition, the expansion port is configurable to send data from the decoder unit or to accept external data for input into the scaler. In input mode the clock rate and/or the sync signals may be delivered by the external data source.

Decoder and scaler units can run at different clock rates. The decoder processing always operates with a Line Locked Clock (LLC). This clock is derived from the CVBS signal and is suited best for memory based video processing; the LLC clock is always present. The scaler clock may be driven by the LLC clock or by an external clock depending on the configuration of the expansion port.

1996 Nov 04 3

Philips Semiconductors Product speciﬁcation

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock

SAA7196

generator circuit (DESCPro)

The circuit is I2C-bus controlled. The I2C-bus interface is clocked by LLC to ensure proper control. The I2C-bus control is identical to that of the SAA7194. It is divided into two sections:

• Subaddress 00H to 1FH for the decoder part (Tables 16 and 17)

• Subaddress 20H to 3FH for the scaler part (Tables 29 and 30).

3 QUICK REFERENCE DATA

Measured over full voltage and temperature ranges.

SYMBOL PARAMETER MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT

DD(tot)

BCK

amb

supply voltage 4.5 5 5.5 V total supply current − 180 280 mA data input level TTL-compatible data output level TTL-compatible input clock frequency −−32 MHz operating ambient temperature 0 − 70 °C

The programming of the subaddresses for the scaler part becomes effective at the first Vertical Sync (VS) pulse after a transmission.

4 ORDERING INFORMATION

PACKAGE

TYPE NUMBER

NAME DESCRIPTION VERSION

SAA7196H QFP120 plastic quad ﬂat package; 120 leads (lead length 1.95 mm);

body 28 × 28 × 3.4 mm; high stand-of height

SOT349-1

1996 Nov 04 4

Philips Semiconductors Product speciﬁcation

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock generator circuit (DESCPro)

5 BLOCK DIAGRAM

VDDV

Y7 to Y0

+5 V

CTST

CGCE

3776, 105

HREF

UV7 to UV0

CGC

SAA7196

to

part

scaler

HS, VS

clock A

CREF

LLC

CLOCK A

GENERATOR

MHA381

CREF

LLCXTALHCL

XT ALIRTS0RTS1LFCOHSY

1 2 40 38

+5 V

DDA

SSA

internally

connected

+5 V

RTCO

SSD7

to V

SSD1

16, 30, 47, 60,

DDD7

to V

DDD1

14, 31, 45, 61,

75, 104, 120

77, 91, 106

RES

SAA7196

DECODER PART

CHR7

CHROMINANCE PROCESSOR

13 to 6

to

CHR0

INPUT

INTERFACE

LUMINANCE

PROCESSOR

24 to 17

to

CVBS7

CVBS0

SYNC PLIN

clock

status

STATUS

PORT AND

GPSW1

GPSW2

SYNCHRONIZATION

C-BUS

CONTROL

SCL

SDA

26 28 34 35 29 27

control and

status to and

from scaler part

CSA

handbook, full pagewidth

Fig.1 Block diagram of decoder part (continued in Fig.2).

1996 Nov 04 5

Philips Semiconductors Product speciﬁcation

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock generator circuit (DESCPro)

port output

RGB or YUV

VOEN

VCLK BTST

56 53 43

57 to 59

62 to 74

RGB

MATRIX

32-bit VRAM

VRO31 to VRO0

78 to 90

92 to 94

OUTPUT

FORMATTER



FOLLOWED

BY

OUTPUT

ROMs

ANTI-GAMMA

INCADR

HFL

FIFO

KEYER

CHROMA

VMUX

SODD

SVS

SHREF

4648495051

PXQ

LNQ

SAA7196 SCALER PART

clock B

brightness,

to scaler and

SAA7196

MHA382

119

controls

contrast

saturation

VERTICAL FILTER

ARITHMETIC

LINE

(8 x 384)

MEMORY

FILTER

LUMINANCE

DECIMATION

AND

CONTRAST

BRIGHTNESS

SATURATION

CHROMA

CONTROLS

INTERPOLATOR

DECIMATION

(BCS)

FILTER

SCALE CONTROL

to

YUV15

YUV0

HREF

VDDV

42 118

116 39117 41

95 115

YUV15 to YUV0

LLC2

CREFB

HREF HS LLCB

DIR VS

96 to 103

107 to 114

handbook, full pagewidth

expansion port

input/output

Fig.2 Block diagram of brightness, contrast, saturation controls and scaler part (continued from Fig.1).

CLOCK B

GENERATOR

LLCINB

CREFINB

BUS INTERFACE

HREF

UV7 to UV0

Y7 to Y0

HS, VS

CREF

LLC

1996 Nov 04 6

from

part

decoder

Philips Semiconductors Product speciﬁcation

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock

SAA7196

generator circuit (DESCPro)

6 PINNING

SYMBOL PIN STATUS DESCRIPTION

XTAL 1 O 26.8 MHz crystal oscillator output, not used if TTL clock signal is used XT ALI 2 I 26.8 MHz crystal oscillator input or external clock input (TTL, square wave)

SDA 3 I/O I SCL 4 I I

CSA 5 I I2C-bus set address

I CHR0 6 I digital chrominance input signal (bit 0) CHR1 7 I digital chrominance input signal (bit 1) CHR2 8 I digital chrominance input signal (bit 2) CHR3 9 I digital chrominance input signal (bit 3) CHR4 10 I digital chrominance input signal (bit 4) CHR5 11 I digital chrominance input signal (bit 5) CHR6 12 I digital chrominance input signal (bit 6) CHR7 13 I digital chrominance input signal (bit 7) V

DDD1

14 − +5 V digital supply voltage 1 CTST 15 − connected to ground (clock test pin) V

SSD1

16 − digital ground 1 (0 V) CVBS0 17 I digital CVBS input signal (bit 0) CVBS1 18 I digital CVBS input signal (bit 1) CVBS2 19 I digital CVBS input signal (bit 2) CVBS3 20 I digital CVBS input signal (bit 3) CVBS4 21 I digital CVBS input signal (bit 4) CVBS5 22 I digital CVBS input signal (bit 5) CVBS6 23 I digital CVBS input signal (bit 6) CVBS7 24 I digital CVBS input signal (bit 7) HSY 25 O horizontal sync indicator output (programmable) HCL 26 O horizontal clamping pulse output (programmable) V

DDA

27 − +5 V analog supply voltage LFCO 28 O line frequency control output signal to CGC

V V V

SSA SSD2 DDD2

29 − analog ground (0 V)

30 − digital ground 2 (0 V)

31 − +5 V digital supply voltage 2 GPSW2 32 O general purpose output 2 (controllable via I GPSW1 33 O general purpose output 1 (controllable via I RTS1 34 O real time status output1; controlled by bit RTSE RTS0 35 O real time status output0; controlled by bit RTSE RES 36 O reset output, active LOW CGCE 37 I enable input for internal CGC (connected to +5 V) CREF 38 O clock qualiﬁer output (test only)

C-bus data line

C-bus clock line

(multiple of present line frequency)

C-bus)

1996 Nov 04 7

Philips Semiconductors Product speciﬁcation

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock

SAA7196

generator circuit (DESCPro)

SYMBOL PIN STATUS DESCRIPTION

CREFB 39 I/O clock reference qualiﬁer input/output (HIGH indicates valid data on

expansion port)

LLC 40 O line-locked video system clock output, for front-end (ADCs) only;

frequency: 1888 × f for 60 Hz/525 lines per ﬁeld systems

LLCB 41 I/O line-locked clock signal input/output, maximum 32 MHz (twice of pixel rate

in 4 : 2 : 2); frequency: 1888 × f 1560 × fH for 60 Hz/525 lines per ﬁeld systems; or variable input clock up

to 32 MHz in input mode LLC2 42 O line-locked clock signal output (pixel clock) BTST 43 I connected to ground; BTST = HIGH sets all outputs (except

pins 1, 28, 38, 40 and 42) to high-impedance state (testing) RTCO 44 O real time control output V

DDD3

45 − +5 V digital supply voltage 3

VMUX 46 I VRAM output multiplexing, control input for the 32- to 16-bit multiplexer

(see Table 7) V

SSD3

47 − digital ground 3 (0 V)

SODD 48 O odd/even ﬁeld sequence reference output related to the scaler output

(test only) SVS 49 O vertical sync signal related to the scaler output (test only) SHREF 50 O delayed HREF signal related to the scaler output (test only) PXQ 51 O pixel qualiﬁer output signal to mark active pixels of a qualiﬁed line

(polarity: bit QPP; test only) LNQ 52 O line qualiﬁer output signal to mark active video phase

(polarity: bit QPP; test only) VOE 53 I enable input of VRAM output HFL 54 O FIFO half-full ﬂag output signal INCADR 55 O line increment/vertical reset control output VCLK 56 I clock input signal of FIFO output VRO31 57 O 32-bit digital VRAM output port (bit 31) VRO30 58 O 32-bit digital VRAM output port (bit 30) VRO29 59 O 32-bit digital VRAM output port (bit 29) V V

SSD4 DDD4

60 − digital ground 4 (0 V)

61 − +5 V digital supply voltage 4 VRO28 62 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 28) VRO27 63 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 27) VRO26 64 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 26) VRO25 65 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 25) VRO24 66 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 24) VRO23 67 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 23) VRO22 68 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 22) VRO21 69 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 21) VRO20 70 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 20)

for 50 Hz/625 lines per ﬁeld systems and 1560 × f

for 50 Hz/625 lines per ﬁeld systems and

1996 Nov 04 8

Philips Semiconductors Product speciﬁcation

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock

SAA7196

generator circuit (DESCPro)

SYMBOL PIN STATUS DESCRIPTION

VRO19 71 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 19) VRO18 72 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 18) VRO17 73 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 17) VRO16 74 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 16) V

SSD5

i.c. 76 − internally connected V

DDD5

VRO15 78 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 15) VRO14 79 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 14) VRO13 80 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 13) VRO12 81 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 12) VRO11 82 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 11) VRO10 83 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 10) VRO9 84 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 9) VRO8 85 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 8) VRO7 86 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 7) VRO6 87 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 6) VRO5 88 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 5) VRO4 89 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 4) VRO3 90 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 3) V

DDD6

VRO2 92 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 2) VRO1 93 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 1) VRO0 94 O 32-bit VRAM output port (bit 0) DIR 95 I direction control of expansion bus YUV15 96 I/O digital 16-bit video input/output signal (bit 15); luminance (Y) YUV14 97 I/O digital 16-bit video input/output signal (bit 14); luminance (Y) YUV13 98 I/O digital 16-bit video input/output signal (bit 13); luminance (Y) YUV12 99 I/O digital 16-bit video input/output signal (bit 12); luminance (Y) YUV11 100 I/O digital 16-bit video input/output signal (bit 11); luminance (Y) YUV10 101 I/O digital 16-bit video input/output signal (bit 10); luminance (Y) YUV9 102 I/O digital 16-bit video input/output signal (bit 9); luminance (Y) YUV8 103 I/O digital 16-bit video input/output signal (bit 8); luminance (Y) V

SSD6

i.c. 105 − internally connected V

DDD7

YUV7 107 I/O digital 16-bit video input/output signal (bit 7); colour difference signals (UV) YUV6 108 I/O digital 16-bit video input/output signal (bit 6); colour difference signals (UV) YUV5 109 I/O digital 16-bit video input/output signal (bit 5); colour difference signals (UV) YUV4 110 I/O digital 16-bit video input/output signal (bit 4); colour difference signals (UV) YUV3 111 I/O digital 16-bit video input/output signal (bit 3); colour difference signals (UV)

75 − digital ground 5 (0 V)

77 − +5 V digital supply voltage 5

91 − +5 V digital supply voltage 6

104 − digital ground 6 (0 V)

106 − +5 V digital supply voltage 7

1996 Nov 04 9

Philips Semiconductors Product speciﬁcation

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock

SAA7196

generator circuit (DESCPro)

SYMBOL PIN STATUS DESCRIPTION

YUV2 112 I/O digital 16-bit video input/output signal (bit 2); colour difference signals (UV) YUV1 113 I/O digital 16-bit video input/output signal (bit 1); colour difference signals (UV) YUV0 114 I/O digital 16-bit video input/output signal (bit 0); colour difference signals (UV) HREF 115 I/O horizontal reference signal VS 116 I/O vertical sync input/output signal with respect to the YUV input signal HS 117 O horizontal sync signal, programmable AP 118 I connected to ground (action pin for testing) SP 119 I connected to ground (shift pin for testing) V

SSD7

120 − digital ground 7 (0 V)

1996 Nov 04 10

Philips Semiconductors Product speciﬁcation

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock generator circuit (DESCPro)

handbook, full pagewidth

XTAL

XTALI

SDA

SCL I2CSA CHR0 CHR1 CHR2 CHR3 CHR4 CHR5 CHR6 CHR7

DDD1

CTST

SSD1

CVBS0 CVBS1 CVBS2 CVBS3 CVBS4 CVBS5 CVBS6 CVBS7

HSY HCL

DDA LFCO V

SSA

SSD2

SSD7

120

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

SP 119

AP 118

HS 117

116

HREF 115

YUV0 114

YUV1 113

YUV2

112

YUV3 111

YUV4

110

YUV5

109

YUV6 108

SAA7196

YUV7

107

DDD7

106

i.c. 105

SSD6

104

YUV8 103

YUV9 102

YUV15

YUV14

YUV13

YUV12

YUV11

YUV10

999897969594939291

101

100

DIR

VRO0

SAA7196

DDD6

VRO2

VRO1

90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61

VRO3 VRO4 VRO5 VRO6 VRO7

VRO8 VRO9 VRO10 VRO11 VRO12 VRO13 VRO14 VRO15

DDD5 i.c. V

SSD5 VRO16

VRO17 VRO18 VRO19 VRO20 VRO21 VRO22 VRO23 VRO24 VRO25 VRO26 VRO27 VRO28

DDD4

3132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859

DDD2

GPSW2

GPSW1

RTS1

RTS0

RES

CGCE

CREF

LLC

CREFB

LLCB

LLC2

BTST

RTCO

Fig.3 Pin configuration.

1996 Nov 04 11

DDD3

VMUX

SSD3

SVS

SODD

PXQ

SHREF

LNQ

VOE

HFL

VCLK

INCADR

VRO31

VRO30

SSD4

VRO29

MHA379

Philips Semiconductors Product speciﬁcation

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock generator circuit (DESCPro)

7 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

7.1 Decoder part

PAL, NTSC and SECAM standard colour signals based on line-locked clock are decoded (see Fig.27). In Y/C mode, digitized luminance CVBS7 to CVBS0 and chrominance CHR7 to CHR0 signals (digitized in two external ADCs) are input. In normal mode only CVBS7 to CVBS0 is used. The data rate is 29.5 MHz (50 MHz systems) or

24.54 MHz (60 MHz systems).

7.1.1 C The input signal passes the input interface and the

chrominance band-pass filter to eliminate DC components and is finally fed to the multiplicative inputs of a quadrature demodulator, where two subcarrier signals (0 and 90° phase-shifted) from a local digital oscillator (DTO1) are applied.

The frequency is dependent on the present colour standard. The signals are low-pass filtered and amplified in a gain-controlled amplifier. A final low-pass stage provides a correct bandwidth performance.

PAL signals are comb-filtered to eliminate crosstalk between the chrominance channels according to PAL standard requirements.

NTSC signals are comb-filtered to eliminate crosstalk from luminance to chrominance for vertical structures.

SECAM signals are fed through a cloche filter, a phase demodulator and a differentiator to achieve proportionality to the instantaneous frequency. The signals are de-multiplexed in the SECAM recombination stage after passing a de-emphasis stage to provide the two serially transmitted colour difference signals.

The PLL for quadrature demodulation is closed via the cloche filter (to improve noise performance), a phase demodulator, a burst gate accumulator, a loop filter PI1 and a discrete time oscillator DTO1. The gain control loop is closed via the cloche filter, amplitude detector, a burst gate accumulator and a loop filter PI2.

The sequence processor switches signals according to standards.

7.1.2 L The data rate of the input signal is reduced to LLC2

frequency by a sample rate converter in the input interface. The high frequency components are emphasized in a prefilter to compensate for losses in the succeeding chrominance trap. The chrominance trap is adjusted to a

HROMINANCE PROCESSOR

UMINANCE PROCESSOR

SAA7196

centre frequency of 3.58 MHz (NTSC) or 4.4 MHz (PAL, SECAM) to eliminate most of the colour carrier components. The chrominance trap is bypassed for S-VHS signals.

The high frequency components in the luminance signal are ‘peaked’ using a band-pass filter and a coring stage. The ‘peaked’ (high frequent) component is added to the ‘unpeaked’ signal part for sharpness improvement and output via variable delay to the expansion bus.

7.1.3 S The sync input signal is reduced in bandwidth to 1 MHz

before it is sliced and separated from the luminance signal. The sync pulses are compared in a detector with the divided clock signal of a counter. The resulting output signal is fed to a loop filter that accumulates all the phase deviations. Thereby, a discrete time oscillator DTO2 is driven generating the line frequency control signal LFCO. An external PLL generates the line-locked clock LLC from the signal LFCO. A noise-limited vertical deflection pulse is generated for vertical processing that also inserts artificial pulses if vertical input pulses are missing. 50/60 Hz as well as odd/even field is automatically detected by the identification stage.

7.2 Expansion port

The expansion port is a bidirectional interface for digital video signals YUV15 to YUV0 in 4:2:2 format (see Table 5). External video signals can be inserted to the scaler or decoded video signals of the decoder part can be output.

The data direction is controlled by pin 95 (DIR = HIGH: data from external; see Table 4).

YUV15 to YUV0, HREF, VS, LLCB and CREFB pins are inputs when bits OECL, OEHV, OEYC of subaddress 0E are set to ‘0’. Different modes are provided (for timing see Figs 6 to 8):

• Mode 0: all bidirectional terminals are outputs. The signal of the decoder part (internal YUV15 to YUV0) is switched to be scaled.

• Mode 1: external YUV15 to YUV0 is input to the scaler. LLCB/CREFB clock system and HREF/VS from the SAA7196 are used to control the external source. It is possible to switch between mode 0 and mode 1 by means of DIR input (see Fig.5).

• Mode 2: External YUV15 to YUV0 is input to the scaler. LLCB/ CREFB clock system and HREF/VS from external are used.

YNCHRONIZATION

1996 Nov 04 12

Philips Semiconductors Product speciﬁcation

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock generator circuit (DESCPro)

• Mode 3: YUV15 to YUV0 and HREF/VS terminals are inputs. External YUV15 to YUV0 is input to the scaler with HREF/VS reference from external. LLCB/CREFB clock system of the SAA7196 is used.

handbook, full pagewidth

+127

reserved

+106

+95

digital signal

value

luminance

60 Hz mode

luminance

50 Hz mode

SAA7196

pixel wise switching of the scaler source is possible because the internal clock and sync sources are used.

100% white (60 Hz mode) 100% white (50 Hz mode)

chrominance

60 Hz mode

chrominance

50 Hz mode

−52

−64

−91

−103

−128

−132

All levels are related to EBU colour bar. Values in decimal at 100% luminance and 75%chrominance amplitude.

Fig.4 CVBS7 to CVBS0 input signal ranges.

black (60 Hz mode) = black (50 Hz mode)

blanking level

sync

clipped

MHA380

1996 Nov 04 13

Philips Semiconductors Product speciﬁcation

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock generator circuit (DESCPro)

7.3 Monitor controls BCS

7.3.1 B

The luminance signal can be controlled via I2C-bus (see Table 16) by the bits BRIG7 to BRIG0 and CONT6 to CONT0.

Table 1 Brightness control

00H minimum offset 80H CCIR level FFH maximum offset

Table 2 Contrast control

00H luminance off 40H CCIR level 7FH 1.9999 amplitude

RIGHTNESS AND CONTRAST CONTROLS

BRIGHTNESS

CONTROL

CONTRAST

CONTROL

VALUE

SAA7196

7.3.2 SATURATION CONTROL The chrominance signal can be controlled via I2C-bus (see

Table 16) by the bits SAT6 to SAT0 and HUE7 to HUE0.

Table 3 Saturation control

SATURATION

CONTROL

00H colour off 40H CCIR level 7FH 1.9999 amplitude

Clipping: all resulting output values are clipped to minimum (equals 1) and maximum (equals 254).

VALUE

Table 4 Operation modes; notes 1 to 3

MODE

OEYC OEHV OECL PIN 95 YUV HREF VS LLCB CREFB

0111LOWOOOOO 1 X 1 1 HIGH I OOOO 2 X 0 0 HIGH IIIII 3 X 0 1 HIGH I I I O O

Notes

1. X = don’t care.

2. I = input to monitor control/scaler.

3. O = output from decoder.

I2C BIT DIR INPUT SOURCE

1996 Nov 04 14

Philips Semiconductors Product speciﬁcation

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock generator circuit (DESCPro)

Table 5 YUV-bus format on expansion port; note 1

SIGNALS ON EXPANSION PORT (PIXEL BYTE SEQUENCE ON PINS)

n n+1 n+2 n+3 n+4

YUV15 Ye7 Yo7 Ye7 Yo7 Ye7 YUV14 Ye6 Yo6 Ye6 Yo6 Ye6 YUV13 Ye5 Yo5 Ye5 Yo5 Ye5 YUV12 Ye4 Yo4 Ye4 Yo4 Ye4 YUV11 Ye3 Yo3 Ye3 Yo3 Ye3 YUV10 Ye2 Yo2 Ye2 Yo2 Ye2

YUV9 Ye1 Yo1 Ye1 Yo1 Ye1 YUV8 Ye0 Yo0 Ye0 Yo0 Ye0 YUV7 Ue7 Ve7 Ue7 Ve7 Ue7 YUV6 Ue6 Ve6 Ue6 Ve6 Ue6 YUV5 Ue5 Ve5 Ue5 Ve5 Ue5 YUV4 Ue4 Ve4 Ue4 Ve4 Ue4 YUV3 Ue3 Ve3 Ue3 Ve3 Ue3 YUV2 Ue2 Ve2 Ue2 Ve2 Ue2 YUV1 Ue1 Ve1 Ue1 Ve1 Ue1 YUV0 Ue0 Ve0 Ue0 Ve0 Ue0

PIXEL ORDER

SAA7196

Note

1. e = even pixel number; o = odd pixel number.

1996 Nov 04 15

Philips Semiconductors Product speciﬁcation

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock generator circuit (DESCPro)

handbook, full pagewidth

LLCB

CREFB

HREF

DIR

dec

(from decoder)

ext

(from external

port)

UV to scaler

0(dec)

to 3-state

0(dec)

2(ext)

from 3-state

2(ext)

4(dec)

SAA7196

4(dec)

MHA383

from 3-state(min)

from 3-state>tto 3-state

to 3-state(max)

= 1.5LLC + t

Fig.5 Real-time switching between mode 0 and mode 1 (internal/external YUV15 to YUV0).

PZ(min)

PZ(max)

1996 Nov 04 16

Philips Semiconductors Product speciﬁcation

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock generator circuit (DESCPro)

handbook, full pagewidth

input CVBS

HREF

ODD (RTSO)

1625 23456

SAA7196

789

540 × 2/LLC

1 × 2/LLC

MHA384

handbook, full pagewidth

input CVBS

HREF

ODD (RTSO)

a. 1st field.

314313 315 316 317 318 319

b. 2nd field

320 321

68 × 2/LLC

1 × 2/LLC

MHA385

Fig.6 VS and ODD timing on expansion port (50 Hz).

1996 Nov 04 17

Philips Semiconductors Product speciﬁcation

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock generator circuit (DESCPro)

handbook, full pagewidth

input CVBS

HREF

ODD (RTSO)

1525 2 3 4 5 6

a. 1st field.

SAA7196

448 × 2/LLC

1 × 2/LLC

MHA386

handbook, full pagewidth

input CVBS

HREF

ODD (RTSO)

263 264 265 266 267 268

b. 2nd field.

269 270 271

58 × 2/LLC

1 × 2/LLC

MHA387

Fig.7 VS and ODD timing on expansion port (60 Hz).

1996 Nov 04 18

Philips Semiconductors Product speciﬁcation

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock generator circuit (DESCPro)

handbook, full pagewidth

programming range

(step size: 2/LLC)

programming range

(step size: 2/LLC)

CVBS

HSY HSY

HCL

HCL

62 × 2/LLC

(1)

+191

(1)

+127

216 LLC

processing delay CVBS - YUV

at YDEL = 000b

SAA7196

burst

−64

−128

10 × 2/LLC

Y−output

HREF (50 Hz)

PLIN (RTS1)

(50 Hz only)

HS (50 Hz)

HS (50 Hz)

programming range

(step size: 8/LLC)

HREF (60 Hz)

HS (60 Hz)

HS (60 Hz)

programming range

(step size: 8/LLC)

(2)

+117

+97

768 × 2/LLC

36 × 2/LLC

640 × 2/LLC

176 × 2/LLC

104 × 2/LLC

64 × 2/LLC

36 × 2/LLC

140 × 2/LLC

64 × 2/LLC

2 × 2/LLC

−118

−97

MHA388

Fig.8 Horizontal sync timing at HRMV = 0 and HRFS = 0 (signals HSY, HCL, HREF, PLIN and HS; 50 and 60 Hz).

1996 Nov 04 19

Philips Semiconductors Product speciﬁcation

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock generator circuit (DESCPro)

ndbook, full pagewidth

LLCB

CREFB

HREF

Byte numbers for pixels:

Y signal

50 Hz

U and V signal

Y signal

60 Hz

U and V signal

start of

active line

SAA7196

LLCB

CREFB

HREF

Byte numbers for pixels:

Y signal

50 Hz

U and V signal

Y signal

60 Hz

U and V signal

762

U762

634

U634

763

V762

635

V634

764

U764

636

U636

765

V764

637

V636

end of

active line

766

U766

638

U638

767

V766

639

V638

MHA389

Fig.9 Horizontal and data multiplex timing on expansion port.

1996 Nov 04 20

Philips Semiconductors Product speciﬁcation

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock generator circuit (DESCPro)

handbook, full pagewidth

digital signal

value

+254 +235

+128

white 100%

luminance

levels

digital signal

value

+254 +240

+212

+128

+44

U-component

levels

blue 100%

blue 75%

yellow 75%

digital signal

value

+254 +240

+212

+128

+44

SAA7196

red 100%

red 75%

V-component

levels

cyan 75%

+16

black yellow 100%

+16

b. U signal range (B − Y). c. V signal range (R − Y).a. Y signal range.

Fig.10 Input and output signal levels on expansion port.

7.3.3 RTCO OUTPUT PIN 44

This real-time control and status output signal contains serial information about actual system clock, subcarrier frequency and PAL/SECAM sequence (see Fig.11). The signal can be used for various applications in external circuits, e.g. in a digital encoder to achieve ‘clean’ encoding.

+16

cyan 100%

MHA390

7.3.4 RTS1 AND RTS0 OUTPUTS (PINS 34 AND 35) These outputs can be configured in two modes dependent

on bit RTSE (subaddress 0D):

• RTSE = 0: the output RTS0 contains the odd/even field identification bit (HIGH equals odd); output RTS1 contains the inverted PAL/SECAM sequence bit [HIGH equals non-inverted (R − Y)-line/DB-line]

• RTSE = 1: the output RTS0 contains the horizontal lock bit (HIGH equals PLL locked); output RTS1 contains the vertical detection bit (HIGH equals vertical sync detected).

1996 Nov 04 21

Philips Semiconductors Product speciﬁcation

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock generator circuit (DESCPro)

handbook, full pagewidth

RTCO

H/L transition

(counter start)

128

clock cycles

4 bits

HPLL

increment

bits 13 to 0

048 1419 6367

reserve

022201510 51

time slot

(LLC/4)

FSCPLL increment

bits 22 to 0

valid

not valid

3 bits

reserve

sequence

bit (1)

SAA7196

reserved (2)

MHA391

(1) Sequence bit:

SECAM: 0 equals DB-line; 1 equals DR-line. PAL: 0 equals (R − Y) line normal; 1 equals (R − Y) line inverted. NTSC: 0 (no change).

(2) Reserve bits: 276 for 50 Hz systems; 188 for 60 Hz systems.

Fig.11 RTCO timing.

7.4 Scaler part

The scaler part receives YUV15 to YUV0 input data in 4:2:2 format.

The video data from the BCS control are processed in horizontal direction in two separate decimation filters. The luminance component is also processed in vertical direction (VPU_Y).

Chrominance data are interpolated to a 4 : 4 : 4 format; a chroma keying bit is generated. The 4 :4:4 YUV data are then converted from the YUV to the RGB domain in a digital matrix. ROM tables in the RGB data path can be used for anti-gamma correction of gamma-corrected input signals. Uncorrected RGB and YUV signals can be bypassed.

A scale control unit generates reference and gate signals for scaling of the processed video data. After data formatting to the various VRAM port formats, the scaled video data are buffered in the 16 word 32-bit output FIFO register. The scaling is performed by pixel and line dropping at the FIFO input. The FIFO output is directly connected to the VRAM output bus VRO31 to VRO0. Specific reference signals support an easy memory interfacing.

1996 Nov 04 22

Philips Semiconductors Product speciﬁcation

Digital video decoder, Scaler and Clock generator circuit (DESCPro)

7.4.1 DECIMATION FILTERS The decimation filters perform accurate horizontal filtering

of the input data stream. The signal bandwidth is matched in front of the pixel

decimation stage, thus disturbing artifacts, caused by the pixel dropping, are reduced.

The signal bandwidth can be reduced in steps of (see Figs 29 and 30):

2-tap filter = −6 dB at 0.325 pixel rate 3-tap filter = −6 dB at 0.25 pixel rate 4-tap filter = −6 dB at 0.21 pixel rate 5-tap filter = −6 dB at 0.125 pixel rate 9-tap filter = −6 dB at 0.075 pixel rate.

The different characteristics are chosen independently by

C-bus control bits HF2 to HF0 when AFS = 0

I (subaddress 28). In the adaptive mode with AFS = 1, the filter characteristics are chosen dependent on the defined sizing parameters (see Table 6).

SAA7196

7.4.3 RGB MATRIX

Y data and UV data are converted after interpolation into RGB data according to CCIR601 recommendation. Data is bypassed in 16-bit YUV formats or monochrome modes.

The matrix equations are these considering the digital quantization:

R = Y + 1.375 V G=Y−0.703125 V − 0.34375 U B = Y + 1.734375 U.

7.4.3.1 Anti-gamma ROM tables

ROM tables are implemented at the matrix output to provide anti-gamma correction of the RGB data. A curve for a gamma of 1.4 is implemented. The tables can be used (bit RTB = 0, subaddress 20) to compensate gamma correction for linear data representation of RGB output data.

7.4.4 C

HROMINANCE SIGNAL KEYER

7.4.2 V Luminance data is fed to a vertical filter consisting of a

384 × 8-bit RAM and an arithmetic block (see Fig.2). Subsampled and interpolation operations are applied. The luminance data is processed in vertical direction to preserve the video information for small scaling factors and to reduce artifacts caused by the dropping. The available modes respectively transfer functions are selectable by bits VP1 and VP0 (subaddress 28). Adaptive modes, controlled by AFS and AFG bits (subaddresses 28 and 30) are also available (see Table 6).

Table 6 Adaptive ﬁlter selection (AFS = 1)

SCALING RATIO FILTER FUNCTION

XD/XS horizontal

≤1 bypassed ≤14/15 filter 1 ≤11/15 filter 6 ≤7/15 filter 3 ≤3/15 filter 4

YD/YS vertical

≤1 bypassed ≤13/15 filter 1 ≤4/15 filter 2

ERTICAL PROCESSING (VPU_Y)

(1)

The keyer generates an alpha signal to achieve a 5-5-5+α RGB alpha output signal. Therefore, the processed UV data amplitudes are compared with thresholds set via I2C-bus (subaddresses ‘2C to 2F’). A logic ‘1’ signal is generated if the amplitude is inside the specified amplitude range, otherwise a logic ‘0’ is generated. Keying can be switched off by setting the lower limit higher than the upper limit (‘2C or 2E’ and ‘2D or 2F’).

7.4.5 S

The scale control block SC includes address/sequence counters to define the current position in the input field and to address the internal VPU memories. To perform scaling, XD of XS pixel selection in horizontal direction and YD of YS line selection in vertical direction are applied. The pixel and line dropping are controlled at the input of the FIFO register.

The scaling ratio in horizontal and vertical direction is estimated to control the decimation filter function and the vertical data processing in the adaptive mode (AFS and AFG bits). The input field can be divided into two vertical regions - the bypass region and the scaling region, which are defined via I2C-bus by the parameters VS, VC, YO and YS.

CALE CONTROL AND VERTICAL REGIONS

Note

1. See Chapter 8.

1996 Nov 04 23

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