Philips saa7188a DATASHEETS

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

DATA SH EET

SAA7188A

Digital Video Encoder (DENC2-M)

Preliminary speciﬁcation Supersedes data of 1995 Sep 21 File under Integrated Circuits, IC22

1996 Jul 08

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Digital Video Encoder (DENC2-M) SAA7188A

FEATURES

• CMOS 5 V device

• Digital PAL/NTSC encoder

• System pixel frequency 13.5 MHz

• Accepts MPEG decoded data

• 8-bit wide MPEG port

• Input data format Cb, Y, Cr, etc. (CCIR 656)

• 16-bit wide YUV input port

• I2C-bus control port or alternatively MPU parallel

control port

• Encoder can be master or slave

• Programmable horizontal and vertical input

synchronization phase

• Programmable horizontal sync output phase

• OSD overlay with Look-Up Tables (LUTs) 8 × 3 bytes

• Colour bar generator

• Line 21 Closed Caption encoder

• Macrovision Pay-per-View copy protection system as

option The device is protected by USA patent numbers

4631603, 4577216 and 4819098 and other intellectual property rights. Use of the Macrovision anti-copy process in the device is licensed for non-commercial home use only, which is its sole intended use in this device.

Please contact your nearest Philips Semiconductors sales office for more information.

• Cross-colour reduction

• DACs operating at 27 MHz with 10-bit resolution

• Controlled rise/fall times of output syncs and blanking

• Down-mode of DACs

• CVBS and S-Video output simultaneously

• PLCC68 package.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The SAA7188A encodes digital YUV video data to an NTSC, PAL CVBS or S-Video signal.

The circuit accepts CCIR compatible YUV data with 720 active pixels per line in 4:2:2 multiplexed formats, e.g. MPEG decoded data. It includes a sync/clock generator and on-chip Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs).

The circuit is compatible to the DIG-TV2 chip family.

QUICK REFERENCE DATA

SYMBOL PARAMETER MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT

V V I

DDA

DDD

V V

DDA DDD

i o(p-p)

analog supply voltage 4.75 5.0 5.25 V digital supply voltage 4.5 5.0 5.5 V analog supply current − 50 55 mA digital supply current − 140 170 mA input signal voltage levels TTL compatible analog output signal voltages Y, C and CVBS without load

− 2 − V

(peak-to-peak value)

load resistance 80 −−Ω ILE LF integral linearity error −−±2 LSB DLE LF differential linearity error −−±1 LSB T

amb

operating ambient temperature 0 − +70 °C

1996 Jul 08 2

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Digital Video Encoder (DENC2-M) SAA7188A

ORDERING INFORMATION

TYPE NUMBER

PACKAGE

NAME DESCRIPTION VERSION

SAA7188AWP PLCC68 plastic leaded chip carrier; 68 leads SOT188-2

BLOCK DIAGRAM

DDA1

refH

DDA4

48,50,

5547

54,56

53 51

52 46

CVBS Y CHROMA

SSA

refL

MBG266

MP7

to MP0

VP0

to VP7

RCM1

RCM2

20 to 27

9 to 16

29 30

1,8,19 28,35,

42,62

SSD1

SSD7

SEL_ED

8 8

63 to 66

2 to 5

MANAGER

DP0

to DP7

SEL_MPU

KEY

DATA

OSD0

to OSD2

CS/SA



DDD1

RTCI

32 to 34

CONTROL

INTERFACE

6168

59 60 58 57 41 40 38 39 36 6 7

A0/SDA

RW/SCL

DTACK

ENCODER

clock timing signals

RESET

to V

DDD3

17,37,67

internal control bus

XTALI

LLC

XTALO

INTERFACE

CREF

OUTPUT

SYNC

CLK

CDIR

RCV1

SAA7188A

RCV2

Fig.1 Block diagram.

1996 Jul 08 3

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Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Digital Video Encoder (DENC2-M) SAA7188A

PINNING

SYMBOL PIN DESCRIPTION

SSD1

DP4 2 DP5 3 DP6 4 DP7 5 RCV1 6 Raster Control 1 for Video port. Depending on the synchronization mode, this pin

RCV2 7 Raster Control 2 for Video port. Depending on the synchronization mode, this pin

SSD2

VP0 9 VP1 10 VP2 11 VP3 12 VP4 13 VP5 14 VP6 15 VP7 16 V

DDD1

SEL_ED 18 Select Encoder Data. Selects data either from MPEG port or from video port as encoder input. V

SSD3

MP7 20 MP6 21 MP5 22 MP4 23 MP3 24 MP2 25 MP1 26 MP0 27 V

SSD4

RCM1 29 Raster Control 1 for MPEG port. This pin provides a VS/FS/FSEQ signal. RCM2 30 Raster Control 2 for MPEG port. This pin provides an HS pulse for the MPEG decoder. KEY 31 Key signal for OSD. It is active HIGH. OSD0 32

OSD2 34 V

SSD5

CDIR 36 Clock direction. If the CDIR input is HIGH, the circuit receives a clock signal, otherwise LLC

DDD2

1 digital ground 1

Upper 4 bits of the Data Port. If pin 68 (SEL_MPU) is HIGH, this is the data bus of the parallel MPU interface. If it is LOW, they are the UV lines of the Video Port.

receives/provides a VS/FS/FSEQ signal.

receives/provides an HS/HREF/CBL signal.

8 digital ground 2

Video Port. This is an input for CCIR 656 compatible, multiplexed video data. If the 16-bit DIG-TV2 format is used, this is the Y data.

17 digital supply voltage 1

19 digital ground 3

MPEG Port. It is an input for CCIR 656 style multiplexed YUV data.

28 digital ground 4

On-Screen Display data. This is the index for the internal OSD look-up table.OSD1 33

35 digital ground 5

and CREF are generated by the internal crystal oscillator.

37 digital supply voltage 2

1996 Jul 08 4

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Digital Video Encoder (DENC2-M) SAA7188A

SYMBOL PIN DESCRIPTION

LLC 38 Line-Locked Clock. This is the 27 MHz master clock for the encoder. The direction is set by

the CDIR pin. CREF 39 Clock Reference signal. This is the clock qualiﬁer for DIG-TV2 compatible signals. XTALO 40 Crystal oscillator output (to crystal). XT ALI 41 Crystal oscillator input (from crystal). If the oscillator is not used, this pin should be connected

to ground. V

SSD6

RTCI 43 Real Time Control Input. If the clock is provided by an SAA7151B, RTCI should be connected

AP 44 Test pin. Connect to digital ground for normal operation. SP 45 Test pin. Connect to digital ground for normal operation. V

refL

refH

DDA1

CHROMA 49 Analog output of the chrominance signal. V

DDA2

Y 51 Analog output of the luminance signal. V

SSA

CVBS 53 Analog output of the CVBS signal. V

DDA3

DDA4

RESET 57 Reset input, active LOW. After reset is applied, all outputs are in 3-state input mode.

DTACK 58 Data acknowledge output of the parallel MPU interface, active LOW, otherwise high

W/SCL 59 If pin 68 (SEL_MPU) is HIGH, this is the read/write signal of the parallel MPU interface,

A0/SDA 60 If pin 68 (SEL_MPU) is HIGH, this is the address signal of the parallel MPU interface,

CS/SA 61 If pin 68 (SEL_MPU) is HIGH, this is the chip select signal of the parallel MPU interface,

SSD7

DP0 63 DP1 64 DP2 65 DP3 66 V

DDD3

SEL_MPU 68 Select MPU interface input. If it is HIGH, the parallel MPU interface is active, otherwise the

42 digital ground 6

to the RTCO pin of the decoder to improve the signal quality.

46 Lower reference voltage input for the DACs. 47 Upper reference voltage input for the DACs. 48 Analog positive supply voltage 1 for the DACs and output ampliﬁers.

50 Analog supply voltage 2 for the DACs and output ampliﬁers.

52 Analog ground for the DACs and output ampliﬁers.

54 Analog supply voltage 3 for the DACs and output ampliﬁers. 55 Current input for the output ampliﬁers, connect via a 15 kΩ resistor to V 56 Analog supply voltage 4 for the DACs and output ampliﬁers.

The I2C-bus receiver waits for the start condition.

impedance.

otherwise it is the I2C-bus serial clock input.

otherwise it is the I

C-bus serial data input/output.

otherwise it is the I2C-bus slave address select pin. LOW: slave address = 88h, HIGH = 8Ch.

62 digital ground 7

Lower 4 bits of the Data Port. If pin 68 (SEL_MPU) is HIGH, this is the data bus of the parallel

MPU interface. If it is LOW, they are the UV lines of the Video Port.

67 digital supply voltage 3

C-bus interface will be used.

DDA

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Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Digital Video Encoder (DENC2-M) SAA7188A

handbook, full pagewidth

refL

refH

A0/SDA

RW/SCL

DTACK 58

RESET 57

DDA4

V 56

DDA3

I 55

CVBS 53

V 52

SSA

DDA2

DDA1

CHROMA 49

V 47

SP 45

AP 44

CS/SA

SSD7

DP0 DP1 DP2

DP3

DDD3

SEL_MPU

SSD1

DP4 DP5 DP6 DP7

RCV1

RCV2

SSD2

VP0

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68



2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

SAA7188A

43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27

RTCI V

SSD6

XTALI XTALO CREF LLC V

DDD2

CDIR V

SSD5

OSD2 OSD1 OSD0 KEY RCM2

RCM1 V

SSD4

MP0

VP1

VP2

VP3

VP4

VP5

VP6

VP7

DDD1

Fig.2 Pin configuration.

1996 Jul 08 6

SEL_ED

SSD3

MP7

MP6

MP5

MP4

MP3

MP2

MBG265

MP1

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Digital Video Encoder (DENC2-M) SAA7188A

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

The digital MPEG-compatible video encoder (DENC2-M) encodes digital luminance and chrominance into analog CVBS and simultaneously S-Video (Y/C) signals. NTSC-M and PAL B/G standards also sub-standards are supported.

The basic encoder function consists of subcarrier generation and colour modulation also insertion of synchronization signals. Luminance and chrominance signals are filtered in accordance with the standard requirements RS-170-A and CCIR 624.

For ease of analog post filtering the signals are twice oversampled with respect to pixel clock before digital-to-analog conversion.

For total filter transfer characteristics see Figs 3 to 6. The DACs are realized with full 10-bit resolution. The encoder provides three 8-bit wide data ports, that serve different applications.

The MPEG Port (MP) and the Video Port (VP) accept 8 lines multiplexed Cb-Y-Cr data.

The Video Port (VP) is also able to handle DIG-TV2 family compatible 16-bit YUV signals. In this event, the Data Port (DP) is used for the U/V components.

The Data Port can alternatively handle the data of an 8-bit wide microprocessor interface.

The 8-bit multiplexed Cb-Y-Cr formats are CCIR 656 (D1 format) compatible, but the SAV, EAV etc. codes are not decoded.

A crystal-stable master clock (LLC) of 27 MHz, which is twice the CCIR line-locked pixel clock of 13.5 MHz, needs to be supplied externally. Optionally, a crystal oscillator input/output pair of pins and an on-chip clock driver is provided. Additionally, a DMSD2 compatible clock interface, using CREF (input or output) and RTC (see

“data sheet SAA7151B”

) is available.

The IC can be programmed via I interface, but only one interface configuration can be active at a time; if the 16-bit Video Port mode (VP and DP) is being used, only the I2C-bus interface can be selected.

A number of possibilities are provided for setting of different video parameters such as:

Black and blanking level control Colour subcarrier frequency Variable burst amplitude etc.

During reset (RESET = LOW) and after reset is released, all digital I/O stages are set to input mode. A reset forces the control interfaces to abort any running bus transfer and to set register 3AH to contents 13H, register 61H to contents 15H, and register 6CH to contents 00H. All other control registers are not influenced by a reset.

Data manager

In the data manager, real time arbitration on the data stream to be encoded is performed.

Depending on hardware conditions (signals on pins SEL_ED, KEY, OSD2 to OSD0, MP7 to to MP0, VP7 to VP0 and DP7 to DP0) and different software programming either data from the MP port, from the VP port, or from the OSD port are selected to be encoded to CVBS and Y/C signals.

Optionally, the OSD colour look-up tables located in this block, can be read out in a pre-defined sequence (8 steps per active video line), achieving e.g. a colour bar test pattern generator without need for an external data source. The colour bar function is only under software control.

C-bus or 8-bit MPU

The DENC2-M synthesizes all necessary internal signals, colour subcarrier frequency, and synchronization signals, from that clock. DENC2-M is always timing master for the MPEG Port (MP), but it can additionally be configured as master or slave for the Video Port (VP).

The IC also contains Closed Caption and Extended Data Services Encoding (Line 21) and supports Anti-Taping signal generation in accordance with Macrovision; it also supports OSD via KEY and three-bit overlay techniques by a 24 × 8 LUT.

1996 Jul 08 7

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Digital Video Encoder (DENC2-M) SAA7188A

Encoder

IDEO PATH

The encoder generates out of Y, U and V baseband signals luminance and colour subcarrier output signals, suitable for use as CVBS or separate Y/C signals.

Luminance is modified in gain and in offset (latter programmable in a certain range to enable different black level set-ups). After having been inserted a fixed synchronization level, in accordance with standard composite synchronization schemes, a variable blanking level, programmable also in a certain range to allow for manipulations with Macrovision Anti-Taping, additional insertion of AGC super white pulses, programmable in height, is supported.

In order to enable easy analog post filtering, luminance is interpolated from 13.5 MHz data rate to 27 MHz data rate, providing luminance in 10-bit resolution. This filter is also used to define smoothed transients for synchronization pulses and blanking period. For transfer characteristic of the luminance interpolation filter see Figs 5 and 6.

Chrominance is modified in gain (programmable separately for U and V), standard dependent burst is inserted, before baseband colour signals are interpolated from 6.75 MHz data rate to 27 MHz data rate. One of the interpolation stages can be bypassed, thus providing a higher colour bandwidth, which can be made use of for Y/C output. For transfer characteristics of the chrominance interpolation filter see Figs 3 and 4.

The amplitude of inserted burst is programmable in a certain range, suitable for standard signals and for special effects. Behind the succeeding quadrature modulator, colour in 10-bit resolution is provided on subcarrier.

The numeric ratio between Y and C outputs is in accordance with set standards.

LOSED CAPTION ENCODER

C Using this circuit, data in accordance with the specification

of Closed Caption or Extended Data Service, delivered by the control interface, can be encoded (Line 21). Two dedicated pairs of bytes (two bytes per field), each pair preceded by run-in clocks and framing code, are possible.

The actual line number where data is to be encoded in, can be modified in a certain range.

Data clock frequency is in accordance with definition for NTSC-M standard 32 times horizontal line frequency.

Data LOW at the output of the DACs corresponds to 0 IRE, data HIGH at the output of the DACs corresponds to approximately 50 IRE.

It is also possible to encode Closed Caption Data for 50 Hz field frequencies at 32 times horizontal line frequency.

Output Interface

In the output interface encoded Y and C signals are converted from digital-to-analog in 10-bit resolution both Y and C signals are combined to a 10-bit CVBS signal, also; in front of the summation point, the luminance signal can optionally be fed through a further filter stage, suppressing components in the range of subcarrier frequency. Thus, a type of cross colour reduction is provided, which is useful in a standard TV set with CVBS input.

Slopes of synchronization pulses are not affected with any cross colour reduction active.

Three different filter characteristics or bypass are available, see Fig.5.

The CVBS output occurs with the same processing delay as the Y and C outputs. Absolute amplitudes at the input

of the DAC for CVBS is reduced by

⁄16 with respect to Y

and C DACs to make maximum use of conversion ranges. Outputs of all DACs can be set together via software

control to minimum output voltage for either purpose.

Synchronization

The synchronization of the DENC2-M is able to operate in two modes; slave mode and master mode.

In the slave mode, the circuit accepts synchronization pulses at the bidirectional RCV1 port. The timing and trigger behaviour related to the video signal on VP (and DP, if used) can be influenced by programming the polarity and on-chip delay of RCV1. Active slope of RCV1 defines the vertical phase and optionally the odd/even and colour frame phase to be initialized, it can be also used to set the horizontal phase.

If the horizontal phase is not be influenced by RCV1, a horizontal pulse needs to be supplied at the RCV2 pin. Timing and trigger behaviour can also be influenced for RCV2.

If there are missing pulses at RCV1 and/or RCV2, the time base of DENC2-M runs free, thus an arbitrary number of synchronization slopes may miss, but no additional pulses (such with wrong phase) must occur.

1996 Jul 08 8

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Digital Video Encoder (DENC2-M) SAA7188A

If the vertical and horizontal phase is derived from RCV1, RCV2 can be used for horizontal or composite blanking input or output.

In the master mode, the time base of the circuit continuously runs free. On the RCV1 port, the IC can output:

• A Vertical Sync signal (VS) with 3 or 2.5 lines duration, or

• An ODD/EVEN signal which is LOW in odd fields, or

• A field sequence signal (FSEQ) which is HIGH in the first

of 4 respectively 8 fields.

On the RCV2 port, the IC can provide a horizontal pulse with programmable start and stop phase; this pulse can be inhibited in the vertical blanking period to build up e.g. a composite blanking signal.

The phase of the pulses output on RCV1 or RCV2 are referenced to the VP port, polarity of both signals is selectable.

The DENC2-M is always the timing master for the source at the MP input. The IC provides two signals for synchronizing this source:

On the RCM1 port the same signals as on RCV1 (as output) are available; on RCM2 the IC provides a horizontal pulse with programmable start and stop phase.

The length of a field also start and end of its active part can be programmed. The active part of a field always starts at the beginning of a line.

C-bus slave addresses can be selected

Two I (pin SEL_MPU must be LOW):

88H: LOW at pin 61 8CH: HIGH at pin 61.

The parallel interface is defined by:

D7 to D0 data bus CS active-LOW chip select signal RW read/not write signal, LOW for a write cycle DTACK 680XX style data acknowledge (handshake),

active-LOW A0 register select, LOW selects address, HIGH selects

data.

The parallel interface uses two registers, one auto-incremental containing the current address of a control register (equals subaddress with I2C-bus control), one containing actual data. The currently addressed register is mapped to the corresponding control register.

The status byte can be read optionally via a read access to the address register, no other read access is provided.

Input levels and formats

DENC2-M expects digital YUV data with levels (digital codes) in accordance with CCIR 601.

Deviating amplitudes of the colour difference signals can be compensated by independent gain control setting, while gain for luminance is set to predefined values, distinguishable for 7.5 IRE set-up or without set-up.

Control interface

DENC2-M contains two control interfaces: an I

C-bus slave transceiver and 8-bit parallel microprocessor interface. The interfaces cannot be used simultaneously.

The I2C-bus interface is a standard slave transceiver, supporting 7-bit slave addresses and 100 kbits/s guaranteed transfer rate. It uses 8-bit subaddressing with an auto-increment function. All registers are write only, except one readable status byte.

1996 Jul 08 9

The MPEG port accepts only 8-bit multiplexed CCIR 656 compatible data.

If the I

C-bus interface is used, the VP port can handle both formats, 8-bit multiplexed Cb-Y-Cr data on the VP lines, or the 16-bit DTV2 format with the Y signal on the VP lines and the UV signal on the DP port.

Reference levels are measured with a colour bar, 100% white, 100% amplitude and 100% saturation.

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Digital Video Encoder (DENC2-M) SAA7188A

Table 1 CCIR signal component levels

SIGNAL IRE DIGITAL LEVEL CODE

016

100 235

bottom peak 16

top peak 240

bottom peak 16

top peak 240

Table 2 8-bit multiplexed format (similar to CCIR 656)

straight binary50 126

straight binarycolourless 128

TIME

FORMAT

01234567

Sample Cb

Luminance pixel number 0 1 2 3 Colour pixel number 0 2

Table 3 16-bit multiplexed format (DTV2 format)

FORMAT

TIME

01234567

Sample Y line Y Sample UV line Cb

Luminance pixel number 0 1 2 3 Colour pixel number 0 2

1996 Jul 08 10

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Digital Video Encoder (DENC2-M) SAA7188A

DATA BYTE (note 1)

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

SUB

ADDRESS

01 to 38 ↓

45 to 56 ↓

Null 00 00000000

Null 39 00000000

Input port control 3A CBENB 0 0 V656 VY2C VUV2C MY2C MUV2C

OSD LUT Y0 42 OSDY07 OSDY06 OSDY05 OSDY04 OSDY03 OSDY02 OSDY01 OSDY00

OSD LUT U0 43 OSDU07 OSDU06 OSDU05 OSDU04 OSDU03 OSDU02 OSDU01 OSDU00

Bit allocation map

Table 4 Slave receiver (slave address 88H or 8CH)

1996 Jul 08 11

OSD LUT V0 44 OSDV07 OSDV06 OSDV05 OSDV04 OSDV03 OSDV02 OSDV01 OSDV00

OSD LUT Y7 57 OSDY77 OSDY76 OSDY75 OSDY74 OSDY73 OSDY72 OSDY71 OSDY70

OSD LUT U7 58 OSDU77 OSDU76 OSDU75 OSDU74 OSDU73 OSDU72 OSDU71 OSDU70

OSD LUT V7 59 OSDV77 OSDV76 OSDV75 OSDV74 OSDV73 OSDV72 OSDV71 OSDV70

Chrominance phase 5A CHPS7 CHPS6 CHPS5 CHPS4 CHPS3 CHPS2 CHPS1 CHPS0

Gain U 5B GAINU7 GAINU6 GAINU5 GAINU4 GAINU3 GAINU2 GAINU1 GAINU0

Gain V 5C GAINV7 GAINV6 GAINV5 GAINV4 GAINV3 GAINV2 GAINV1 GAINV0

Gain U MSB, black level 5D GAINU8 0 BLCKL5 BLCKL4 BLCKL3 BLCKL2 BLCKL1 BLCKL0

Gain V MSB, blanking level 5E GAINV8 0 BLNNL5 BLNNL4 BLNNL3 BLNNL2 BLNNL1 BLNNL0

Null 5F 00000000

Cross-colour select 60 CCRS1 CCRS0 000000

Standard control 61 0 DOWN INPI1 YGS RTCE SCBW PAL FISE

Burst amplitude 62 SQP BSTA6 BSTA5 BSTA4 BSTA3 BSTA2 BSTA1 BSTA0

Subcarrier 0 63 FSC07 FSC06 FSC05 FSC04 FSC03 FSC02 FSC01 FSC00

Subcarrier 1 64 FSC15 FSC14 FSC13 FSC12 FSC11 FSC10 FSC09 FSC08

Subcarrier 2 65 FSC23 FSC22 FSC21 FSC20 FSC19 FSC18 FSC17 FSC16

Subcarrier 3 66 FSC31 FSC30 FSC29 FSC28 FSC27 FSC26 FSC25 FSC24

Line 21 odd 0 67 L21O07 L21O06 L21O05 L21O04 L21O03 L21O02 L21O01 L21O00

Line 21 odd 1 68 L21O17 L21O16 L21O15 L21O14 L21O13 L21O12 L21O11 L21O10

Line 21 even 0 69 L21E07 L21E06 L21E05 L21E04 L21E03 L21E02 L21E01 L21E00

Line 21 even 1 6A L21E17 L21E16 L21E15 L21E14 L21E13 L21E12 L21E11 L21E10

Encoder control, CC line 6B MODIN1 MODIN0 0 SCCLN4 SCCLN3 SCCLN2 SCCLN1 SCCLN0

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