INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
PCA3354C; PCD3354A
8-bit microcontrollers with DTMF generator and 256 bytes EEPROM
Product specification |
1996 Dec 18 |
Supersedes data of 1996 May 09
File under Integrated Circuits, IC03
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
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8-bit microcontrollers with DTMF
PCA3354C; PCD3354A
generator and 256 bytes EEPROM
CONTENTS
1FEATURES
2GENERAL DESCRIPTION
3ORDERING INFORMATION
4BLOCK DIAGRAM
5PINNING INFORMATION
5.1Pinning
5.2Pin description
6 |
FREQUENCY GENERATOR |
6.1Frequency generator derivative registers
6.2Melody output (P1.7/MDY)
6.3DTMF clock divider and output (DP1.7/DCO)
6.4Frequency registers
6.5DTMF frequencies
6.6Modem frequencies
6.7Musical scale frequencies
7 |
EEPROM AND TIMER 2 ORGANIZATION |
7.1EEPROM registers
7.2EEPROM latches
7.3EEPROM flags
7.4EEPROM macros
7.5EEPROM access
7.6Timer 2
8DERIVATIVE INTERRUPTS
9TIMING
10RESET
11IDLE MODE
12STOP MODE
13SUMMARY OF I/O PORTS AND MASK OPTIONS
14SUMMARY OF DERIVATIVE REGISTERS
15HANDLING
16LIMITING VALUES
17DC CHARACTERISTICS
18AC CHARACTERISTICS
19PACKAGE OUTLINES
20SOLDERING
20.1Introduction
20.2Reflow soldering
20.3Wave soldering
20.4Repairing soldered joints
21DEFINITIONS
22LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS
1996 Dec 18 |
2 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
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8-bit microcontrollers with DTMF
PCA3354C; PCD3354A
generator and 256 bytes EEPROM
1 FEATURES
∙8-bit CPU, ROM, RAM, EEPROM and I/O; all in a 44-lead quad flat package
∙8 kbytes ROM; 256 bytes RAM
∙256 bytes Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM)
∙Over 100 instructions (based on MAB8048) all of 1 or 2 cycles
∙36 quasi-bidirectional I/O port lines
∙8-bit programmable Timer/event counter 1
∙8-bit reloadable Timer 2
∙Three single-level vectored interrupts:
– external
– 8-bit programmable Timer/event counter 1
– derivative; triggered by reloadable Timer 2
∙Two test inputs, one of which also serves as the external interrupt input
∙DTMF, modem, musical tone generator
∙Reference for supply and temperature-independent tone output
∙Filtering for low output distortion (CEPT compatible)
∙Melody output for ringer application
∙Programmable DTMF clock divider
∙Power-on-reset
∙Stop and Idle modes
∙Supply voltage: 1.8 to 6 V (DTMF tone output and EEPROM erase/write from 2.5 V)
∙CPU clock frequency: 1 to 16 MHz (3.58 MHz or 10.74 MHz for DTMF)
∙Operating ambient temperature:
– −25 to +70 °C (PCD3354A)
– 0 to 50 °C (PCA3354C)
∙Manufactured in silicon gate CMOS process.
3 ORDERING INFORMATION (see note 1)
2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
This data sheet details the specific properties of the PCA3354C and PCD3354A. The shared properties of the PCD33xxA family of microcontrollers are described in the “PCD33xxA family” data sheet, which should be read in conjunction with this publication.
The PCA3354C and PCD3354A are microcontrollers oriented towards telephony applications. They include 8 kbytes ROM, 256 bytes RAM, 36 I/O lines, and an on-chip generator for dual tone multifrequency (DTMF), modem and musical tones. In addition to dialling, the
generated frequencies can be made available as square waves for melody generation, providing ringer operation.
The PCA3354C and PCD3354A also incorporate
256 bytes of EEPROM, permitting data storage without battery backup. The EEPROM can be used for storing telephone numbers, particularly for implementing redial functions.
The differences between PCA3354C and PCD3354A are shown in Table 1.
The instruction set is similar to the MAB8048 and is a sub-set of that listed in the “PCD33xxA family” data sheet.
Table 1 Differences: PCA3354C and PCD3354A
TYPE |
VPOR |
AMBIENT |
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PCA3354C |
fixed at 2.0 V ±0.3 V |
0 to 50 °C |
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PCD3354A |
(1.2 to 3.6 V) ±0.5 V(1) |
−25 to +70 °C |
Note
1. See Chapter 13, Table 24.
TYPE NUMBER |
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VERSION |
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PCA3354CH |
QFP44 |
plastic quad flat package; 44 leads (lead length 2.35 mm); |
SOT205-1 |
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body 14 × 14 × 2.2 mm |
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PCD3354AH |
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Note |
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1.Please refer to the Order Entry Form (OEF) for this device for the full type number to use when ordering. This type number will also specify the required program and the ROM mask options.
1996 Dec 18 |
3 |
18 Dec 1996
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P2.0 to P2.3 |
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TONE |
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DP1.0 to DP1.7/DCO |
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P1.0 to P1.7/MDY |
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P0.0 to P0.7 |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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fDTMF |
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RESIDENT |
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PORT 2 |
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DER. PORT 1 |
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PORT 1 |
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PCA3354C |
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ROM |
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PORT 0 |
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DER. PORT 0 |
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BUFFER |
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FILTER |
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BUFFER |
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BUFFER |
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8 kbytes |
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BUFFER |
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BUFFER |
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PORT 2 |
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DER. PORT 1 |
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PORT 1 |
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PCD3354A |
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PORT 0 |
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DER. PORT 0 |
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FLIP-FLOP |
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FLIP-FLOP |
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FLIP-FLOP |
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INTERNAL |
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DECODE |
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FLIP-FLOP |
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FLIP-FLOP |
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SINE WAVE |
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CLOCK |
MEMORY |
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BANK |
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GENERATOR |
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FREQ. |
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30 |
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FLIP-FLOPS |
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DTMF-CLOCK |
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32 |
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TIMER/ |
HIGHER |
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LOWER |
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PROGRAM |
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HGF |
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LGF |
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& MELODY |
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EVENT |
PROGRAM |
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PROGRAM |
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STATUS |
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CONTROL |
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REGISTER |
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REGISTER |
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T1 |
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COUNTER |
COUNTER |
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COUNTER |
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WORD |
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REGISTER |
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4 |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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5 |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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TIMER 2 |
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TIMER 2 |
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EEPROM |
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EEPROM |
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EEPROM |
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INTERRUPT |
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TEMPORARY |
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MULTIPLEXER |
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RELOAD |
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REGISTER |
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CONTROL |
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ADDRESS |
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DATA |
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LOGIC |
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ACCUMULATOR |
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REGISTER 1 |
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REGISTER 0 |
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REGISTER |
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REGISTER |
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REGISTER |
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TRANSFER |
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timer interrupt |
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RAM |
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REGISTER 1 |
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ADDRESS |
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REGISTER 2 |
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derivative |
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REGISTER |
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REGISTER 3 |
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interrupt |
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ARITHMETIC |
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INSTRUCTION |
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REGISTER 4 |
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REGISTER |
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REGISTER 5 |
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TEMPORARY |
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AND |
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D |
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REGISTER 6 |
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REGISTER 2 |
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DECODER |
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E |
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REGISTER 7 |
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O |
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8 LEVEL STACK |
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EEPROM |
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LOGIC UNIT |
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D |
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(VARIABLE LENGTH) |
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VPOR |
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256 bytes |
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T1 |
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OPTIONAL SECOND |
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POWER-ON-RESET |
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REGISTER BANK |
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DECIMAL |
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CONDITIONAL |
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CE/T0 |
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external interrupt |
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TIMER |
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ADJUST |
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DATA STORE |
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RESET |
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BRANCH |
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FLAG |
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LOGIC |
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CARRY |
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CONTROL AND TIMING |
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ACC |
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RESIDENT RAM ARRAY |
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IDLE |
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ACC BIT |
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256 bytes |
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CE/T0 |
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RESET |
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XTAL1 |
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XTAL2 |
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TEST |
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MED265 |
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INTERRUPT |
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INITIALIZE |
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OSCILLATOR |
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Fig.1 Block diagram. |
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DIAGRAM BLOCK 4
bytes 256 and generator |
with microcontrollers bit-8 |
EEPROM |
DTMF |
PCD3354A PCA3354C;
Semiconductors Philips
specification Product
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
|
8-bit microcontrollers with DTMF
PCA3354C; PCD3354A
generator and 256 bytes EEPROM
5 PINNING INFORMATION
5.1Pinning
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P2.0 |
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P1.7/MDY |
P1.6 |
P1.5 |
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P1.4 |
P1.3 |
V |
TONE |
V |
P1.2 |
P1.1 |
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DD |
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44 |
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P2.1 |
1 |
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33 |
P1.0 |
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P2.2 |
2 |
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32 |
P0.7 |
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P2.3 |
3 |
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31 |
P0.6 |
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DP0.0 |
4 |
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30 |
P0.5 |
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DP0.1 |
5 |
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29 |
P0.4 |
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DP0.2 |
6 |
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28 |
XTAL2 |
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DP0.3 |
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PCD3354AH |
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XTAL1 |
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DP0.4 |
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P0.3 |
8 |
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26 |
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DP0.5 |
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P0.2 |
9 |
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DP0.6 |
10 |
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24 |
P0.1 |
DP0.7 |
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P0.0 |
11 |
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CE/T0 |
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T1 |
RESET |
DP1.0 |
DP1.1 |
DP1.2 |
DP1.3 |
DP1.4 |
DP1.5 |
DP1.6 |
DP1.7/DCO |
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MED266
Fig.2 Pin configuration.
1996 Dec 18 |
5 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
|
8-bit microcontrollers with DTMF
PCA3354C; PCD3354A
generator and 256 bytes EEPROM
5.2Pin description
Table 2 SOT205-1 package (for information on parallel I/O ports, see Chapter 13)
SYMBOL |
PIN |
TYPE |
DESCRIPTION |
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P2.1 to P2.3 |
1 to |
3 |
I/O |
3 bits of Port 2: 4-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
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DP0.0 to DP0.7 |
4 to 11 |
I/O |
Derivative Port 0: 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
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12 |
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I |
Chip Enable or Test 0 input |
CE/T0 |
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T1 |
13 |
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I |
Test 1/count input of 8-bit Timer/event counter 1 |
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RESET |
14 |
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reset input |
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DP1.0 to DP1.6 |
15 to |
21 |
I/O |
7 bits of Derivative Port 1: 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
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DP1.7/DCO |
22 |
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I/O |
1 bit of Derivative Port 1: 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port; or DTMF clock output |
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P0.0 to P0.3 |
23 to |
26 |
I/O |
4 bits of Port 0: 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
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XTAL1 |
27 |
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I |
crystal oscillator/external clock input |
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XTAL2 |
28 |
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O |
crystal oscillator output |
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P0.4 to P0.7 |
29 to |
32 |
I/O |
4 bits of Port 0: 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
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P1.0 to P1.2 |
33 to |
35 |
I/O |
3 bits of Port 1: 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
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VSS |
36 |
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P |
ground |
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TONE |
37 |
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O |
DTMF output |
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VDD |
38 |
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P |
positive supply voltage |
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P1.3 to P1.6 |
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42 |
I/O |
4 bits of Port 1: 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
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P1.7/MDY |
43 |
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I/O |
1 bit of Port 1: 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port; or melody output |
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P2.0 |
44 |
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I/O |
1 bit of Port 2: 4-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
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1996 Dec 18 |
6 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
|
8-bit microcontrollers with DTMF
PCA3354C; PCD3354A
generator and 256 bytes EEPROM
6 FREQUENCY GENERATOR
A versatile frequency generator section with built-in programmable clock divider is provided (see Fig.3). The clock divider allows the DTMF section to run either
with the main clock frequency (fDTMF = fxtal) or with a third of it (fDTMF = 1¤3 ´ fxtal) depending on the state of the divider control bit DIV3 (see Table 5). The frequency generator
includes precision circuitry for dual tone multifrequency (DTMF) signals, which is typically used for tone dialling telephone sets.
6.1Frequency generator derivative registers
6.1.1HIGH AND LOW GROUP FREQUENCY REGISTERS
The TONE output can alternatively issue twelve modem frequencies for data rates between 300 and 1200 bits/s.
In addition to DTMF and modem frequencies, two octaves of musical scale in steps of semitones are available. Their frequencies are provided either in purely sinusoidal form on the TONE output or as a square wave on the port line P1.7/MDY. The latter is typically for ringer applications in telephone sets. If no frequency output is selected the TONE output is in 3-state mode.
Table 3 gives the addresses, symbols and access types of the High Group Frequency (HGF) and Low Group Frequency (LGF) registers, used to set the frequency output.
Table 3 Hexadecimal addresses, symbols, access types and bit symbols of the frequency registers
REGISTER |
REGISTER |
ACCESS |
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BIT SYMBOLS |
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ADDRESS |
SYMBOL |
TYPE |
7 |
6 |
5 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
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11H |
HGF |
W |
H7 |
H6 |
H5 |
H4 |
H3 |
H2 |
H1 |
H0 |
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12H |
LGF |
W |
L7 |
L6 |
L5 |
L4 |
L3 |
L2 |
L1 |
L0 |
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6.1.2CLOCK AND MELODY CONTROL REGISTER (MDYCON)
Table 4 Clock and Melody Control Register, MDYCON (address 13H; access type R/W)
7 |
6 |
5 |
4 |
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3 |
2 |
1 |
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EDCO |
DIV3 |
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EMO |
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Table 5 Description of MDYCON bits |
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7 to 3 |
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2 |
EDCO |
Enable DTMF clock output. If bit EDCO = 0, then DP1.7/DCO is a general purpose |
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derivative port line. If bit EDCO = 1, then DP1.7/DCO is the DTMF clock output. |
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EDCO = 1 does not inhibit the port instructions for DP1.7/DCO. Therefore the state of |
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both port line and flip-flop may be read in and the port flip-flop may be written by |
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derivative port instructions. However, the port flip-flop of DP1.7/DCO must remain set to |
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1 |
DIV3 |
Enable DTMF clock divider. If bit DIV3 = 0, then the DTMF clock fDTMF = fxtal. |
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EMO |
Enable Melody Output. If bit EMO = 0, then P1.7/MDY is a standard port line. |
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instructions for P1.7/MDY. Therefore the state of both port line and flip-flop may be read |
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in and the port flip-flop may be written by port instructions. However, the port flip-flop of |
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P1.7/MDY must remain set to avoid conflicts between melody and port outputs. |
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1996 Dec 18 |
7 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
|
8-bit microcontrollers with DTMF
PCA3354C; PCD3354A
generator and 256 bytes EEPROM
fxtal
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8 |
CLOCK AND MELODY |
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CONTROL REGISTER |
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8 |
HGF REGISTER |
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8 |
INTERNAL BUS |
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8 |
LGF REGISTER |
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CLOCK |
fDTMF |
PORT/CLOCK |
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REFERENCE |
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DIGITAL |
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SINE WAVE |
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SYNTHESIZER |
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Fig.3 Block diagram of the frequency generator, melody output (P1.7/MDY) and DTMF clock output (DP1.7/DCO).
6.2Melody output (P1.7/MDY)
The melody output (P1.7/MDY) is very useful for generating musical notes when a purely sinusoidal signal is not required, such as for ringer applications.
The square wave (duty cycle = 12¤23 or 52%) will include the attenuated harmonics of the base frequency, which is defined by the contents of the HGF register (Table 3). However, even higher frequency notes may be produced since the low-pass filtering on the TONE output is not applied to the P1.7/MDY output. This results in the minimum decimal value x in the HGF register (see equation in Section 6.4) being 2 for the P1.7/MDY output, rather than 60 for the TONE output. A sinusoidal TONE output is produced at the same time as the melody square wave, but due to the filtering, the higher frequency sine waves with x < 60 will not appear at the TONE output.
Since the melody output is shared with P1.7, the port flip-flop of P1.7 has to be set HIGH before using the melody output. This is to avoid conflicts between melody and port outputs. The melody output drive depends on the configuration of port P1.7/MDY, see Chapter 13, Table 24.
6.3DTMF clock divider and output (DP1.7/DCO)
The DTMF clock divider allows the DTMF part to run either
with the main clock frequency (fDTMF = fxtal) or with a third of it (fDTMF = 1¤3 ´ fxtal) depending on the state of the divider control bit DIV3 in register MDYCON.
For low power applications, a 3.58 MHz quartz crystal or PXE resonator can be chosen together with the divide-by-one function of the clock divider.
For other applications a 10.74 MHz quartz crystal or PXE resonator may be chosen together with the divide-by-three function of the clock divider. This triples the program speed of the microcontroller, thereby keeping the assumed DTMF frequency of 3.58 MHz.
Since a 3.58 MHz clock is needed for peripheral telephony circuits such as the analog voice scrambler/descrambler PCD4440T, a switchable DTMF clock output is provided depending on the state of the enable clock output bit EDCO in register MDYCON.
1996 Dec 18 |
8 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
|
8-bit microcontrollers with DTMF
PCA3354C; PCD3354A
generator and 256 bytes EEPROM
If EDCO = 1 and DIV3 = 1 in the MDYCON register:
a square wave with the frequency fDTMF = 1¤3 ´ fxtal is output on the derivative port line DP1.7/DCO. If EDCO = 1
and DIV3 = 0: a square wave with the frequency
fDTMF = fxtal is output on the derivative port line DP1.7/DCO.
The melody output drive depends on the configuration of port P1.7/MDY, see Chapter 13, Table 24.
6.4Frequency registers
The two frequency registers HGF and LGF define two frequencies. From these, the digital sine synthesizers together with the Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs) construct two sine waves. Their amplitudes are precisely scaled according to the bandgap voltage reference. This ensures tone output levels independent of supply voltage and temperature. The amplitude of the Low Group Frequency sine wave is attenuated by 2 dB compared to the amplitude of the High Group Frequency sine wave.
The two sine waves are summed and then filtered by an on-chip switched capacitor and RC low-pass filters. These guarantee that all DTMF tones generated fulfil the CEPT recommendations with respect to amplitude, frequency deviation, total harmonic distortion and suppression of unwanted frequency components.
The value 00H in a frequency register stops the corresponding digital sine synthesizer. If both frequency registers contain 00H, the whole frequency generator is shut off, resulting in lower power consumption.
The frequency ‘f’ of the sine wave generated from either of the frequency registers is a function of the clock frequency
‘fxtal’ and the decimal value ‘x’ held in the register. The equation relating these variables is:
fxtal |
|
£ x £ 255. |
f = ---------------------------------[23 (x + 2) ] |
; where 60 |
The frequency limitation given by x ³ 60 is due to the low-pass filters which would attenuate higher frequency sine waves.
6.5DTMF frequencies
Assuming an oscillator frequency fxtal = 3.58 MHz, the DTMF standard frequencies can be implemented as
shown in Table 6.
The relationship between telephone keyboard symbols, DTMF frequency pairs and the corresponding frequency register contents are given in Table 7.
Table 6 DTMF standard frequencies and their implementation; value = LGF, HGF contents
VALUE |
FREQUENCY (Hz) |
DEVIATION |
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(HEX) |
STANDARD |
GENERATED |
(%) |
(Hz) |
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DD |
697 |
697.90 |
0.13 |
0.90 |
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C8 |
770 |
770.46 |
0.06 |
0.46 |
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B5 |
852 |
850.45 |
-0.18 |
-1.55 |
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A3 |
941 |
943.23 |
0.24 |
2.23 |
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7F |
1209 |
1206.45 |
-0.21 |
-2.55 |
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72 |
1336 |
1341.66 |
0.42 |
5.66 |
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67 |
1477 |
1482.21 |
0.35 |
5.21 |
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5D |
1633 |
1638.24 |
0.32 |
5.24 |
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Table 7 Dialling symbols, corresponding DTMF frequency pairs and frequency register contents
TELEPHONE |
DTMF FREQ. |
LGF |
HGF |
KEYBOARD |
PAIRS |
VALUE |
VALUE |
SYMBOLS |
(Hz) |
(HEX) |
(HEX) |
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0 |
(941, 1336) |
A3 |
72 |
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1 |
(697, 1209) |
DD |
7F |
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2 |
(697, 1336) |
DD |
72 |
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3 |
(697, 1477) |
DD |
67 |
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4 |
(770, 1209) |
C8 |
7F |
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5 |
(770, 1336) |
C8 |
72 |
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6 |
(770, 1477) |
C8 |
67 |
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7 |
(852, 1209) |
B5 |
7F |
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8 |
(852, 1336) |
B5 |
72 |
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9 |
(852, 1477) |
B5 |
67 |
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A |
(697, 1633) |
DD |
5D |
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B |
(770, 1633) |
C8 |
5D |
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C |
(852, 1633) |
B5 |
5D |
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D |
(941, 1633) |
A3 |
5D |
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· |
(941, 1209) |
A3 |
7F |
# |
(941, 1477) |
A3 |
67 |
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1996 Dec 18 |
9 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
|
8-bit microcontrollers with DTMF
PCA3354C; PCD3354A
generator and 256 bytes EEPROM
6.6Modem frequencies
Again assuming an oscillator frequency fxtal = 3.58 MHz, the standard modem frequencies can be implemented as in Table 8. It is suggested to define the frequency by the HGF register while the LGF register contains 00H, disabling Low Group Frequency generation.
Table 8 Standard modem frequencies and their implementation
HGF |
FREQUENCY (Hz) |
DEVIATION |
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VALUE |
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MODEM |
GENERATED |
(%) |
(Hz) |
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9D |
980(1) |
978.82 |
−0.12 |
−1.18 |
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82 |
1180(1) |
1179.03 |
−0.08 |
−0.97 |
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8F |
1070(2) |
1073.33 |
0.31 |
3.33 |
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79 |
1270(2) |
1265.30 |
−0.37 |
−4.70 |
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80 |
1200(3) |
1197.17 |
−0.24 |
−2.83 |
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45 |
2200(3) |
2192.01 |
−0.36 |
−7.99 |
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76 |
1300(4) |
1296.94 |
−0.24 |
−3.06 |
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48 |
2100(4) |
2103.14 |
0.15 |
3.14 |
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5C |
1650(1) |
1655.66 |
0.34 |
5.66 |
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52 |
1850(1) |
1852.77 |
0.15 |
2.77 |
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4B |
2025(2) |
2021.20 |
−0.19 |
−3.80 |
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44 |
2225(2) |
2223.32 |
−0.08 |
−1.68 |
Notes
1.Standard is V.21.
2.Standard is Bell 103.
3.Standard is Bell 202.
4.Standard is V.23.
6.7Musical scale frequencies
Finally, two octaves of musical scale in steps of semitones can be realized, again assuming an oscillator frequency
fxtal = 3.58 MHz (Table 9). It is suggested to define the frequency by the HGF register while the LGF contains
00H, disabling Low Group Frequency generation.
Table 9 Musical scale frequencies and their implementation
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HGF |
FREQUENCY (Hz) |
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NOTE |
VALUE |
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STANDARD(1) |
GENERATED |
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D#5 |
F8 |
622.3 |
622.5 |
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E5 |
EA |
659.3 |
659.5 |
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F5 |
DD |
698.5 |
697.9 |
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F#5 |
D0 |
740.0 |
741.1 |
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G5 |
C5 |
784.0 |
782.1 |
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G#5 |
B9 |
830.6 |
832.3 |
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A5 |
AF |
880.0 |
879.3 |
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A#5 |
A5 |
923.3 |
931.9 |
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B5 |
9C |
987.8 |
985.0 |
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C6 |
93 |
1046.5 |
1044.5 |
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C#6 |
8A |
1108.7 |
1111.7 |
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D6 |
82 |
1174.7 |
1179.0 |
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D#6 |
7B |
1244.5 |
1245.1 |
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E6 |
74 |
1318.5 |
1318.9 |
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F6 |
6D |
1396.9 |
1402.1 |
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F#6 |
67 |
1480.0 |
1482.2 |
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G6 |
61 |
1568.0 |
1572.0 |
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G#6 |
5C |
1661.2 |
1655.7 |
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A6 |
56 |
1760.0 |
1768.5 |
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A#6 |
51 |
1864.7 |
1875.1 |
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B6 |
4D |
1975.5 |
1970.0 |
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C7 |
48 |
2093.0 |
2103.3 |
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C#7 |
44 |
2217.5 |
2223.3 |
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D7 |
40 |
2349.3 |
2358.1 |
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D#7 |
3D |
2489.0 |
2470.4 |
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Note
1. Standard scale based on A4 @ 440 Hz.
1996 Dec 18 |
10 |