Philips 89c535 DATASHEETS

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

89C535/89C536/89C538

CMOS single-chip 8-bit microcontrollers with FLASH program memory

Preliminary specification IC20 Data Handbook

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1997 June 05

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification

CMOS single-chip 8-bit microcontrollers with FLASH program memory

DESCRIPTION

The 89C535/89C536/89C538 are Single-Chip 8-Bit Microcontrollers manufactured in advanced CMOS process and are derivatives of the 80C51 microcontroller family. All the devices have the same instruction set as the 80C51.

The devices also have four 8-bit I/O ports, three 16-bit timer/event counters, a multi-source, two-priority-level, nested interrupt structure, UART and on-chip oscillator and timing circuits. For systems that require extra data memory capability up to 64k bytes, each can be expanded using standard TTL-compatible memories and logic.

The 89C535/89C536/89C538 contain a non-volatile FLASH EPROM program memory (8K bytes in 89C535, 16k bytes in the 89C536, and 64k bytes in the 89C538). The devices have 512 bytes of RAM data memory.

FEA TURES

•80C51 Central Processing Unit

•8k x 8 (89C535) 16k × 8 (89C536) or 64k × 8 (89C538), FLASH

EPROM Program Memory

•512 × 8 RAM, externally expandable to 64k × 8 Data Memory

•Three 16-bit counter/timers

•Up to 3 external interrupt request inputs

•6 interrupt sources with 2 priority levels

•Four 8-bit I/O ports

•Full-duplex UART

•Power control modes

– Idle mode – Power down mode, with wakeup from power down using

external interrupt

•44-pin PLCC and QFP packages

LOGIC SYMBOL

RST

EA/V

PSEN

ALE/PROG RxD TxD

INT0 INT1

T0 T1

SECONDARY FUNCTIONS

89C535/89C536/89C538

XTAL1

ADDRESS AND

PORT 0

XTAL2

PORT 3

DATA BUS

T2 T2EX

PORT 1PORT 2

ADDRESS BUS

SU00830

ORDERING INFORMA TION

PART NUMBER MEMORY SIZE TEMPERATURE RANGE (°C) AND PACKAGE

P89C535NBA A 8k bytes 0 to +70, 44-pin Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier 33 SOT187-2 P89C536NBA A 16k bytes 0 to +70, 44-pin Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier 33 SOT187-2 P89C536NBB B 16k bytes 0 to +70, 44-pin Plastic Quad Flat Package 33 SOT307-2 P89C538NBA A 64k bytes 0 to +70, 44-pin Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier 33 SOT187-2 P89C538NBB B 64k bytes 0 to +70, 44-pin Plastic Quad Flat Package 33 SOT307-2

1997 Jun 05

FREQ.

(MHz)

DRAWING

NUMBER

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification

CMOS single-chip 8-bit microcontrollers with FLASH program memory

BLOCK DIAGRAM

P0.0–P0.7 P2.0–P2.7

PORT 0

DRIVERS

RAM ADDR REGISTER

RAM

ACC

TMP2

PORT 0

LATCH

TMP1

PORT 2

DRIVERS

PORT 2

LATCH

89C535/89C536/89C538

ROF/EPROM

STACK

POINTER

PROGRAM

ADDRESS

PSEN

ALE/PROG

EAV

RST

TIMING

AND

CONTROL

OSCILLATOR

XTAL1 XTAL2

INSTRUCTION

PSW

PORT 1

LATCH

PORT 1

DRIVERS

P1.0–P1.7

ALU

SFRs

TIMERS

PORT 3

LATCH

PORT 3

DRIVERS

P3.0–P3.7

BUFFER

INCRE-

MENTER

8 16

PROGRAM COUNTER

DPTR’S

MULTIPLE

SU00854

1997 Jun 05

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification

CMOS single-chip 8-bit microcontrollers with FLASH program memory

CERAMIC AND PLASTIC LEADED CHIP CARRIER PIN FUNCTIONS

6140

Pin Function

2 P1.0/T2 3 P1.1/T2EX 4 P1.2/ECI 5 P1.3 6 P1.4 7 P1.5 8 P1.6

9 P1.7 10 RST 11 P3.0/RxD 12 NIC* 13 P3.1/TxD 14 P3.2/INT0 15 P3.3/INT1

* NO INTERNAL CONNECTION

LCC

18 28

Pin Function

16 P3.4/T0 17 P3.5/T1 18 P3.6/WR 19 P3.7/RD 20 XTAL2 21 XTAL1 22 V

23 V

24 P2.0/A8 25 P2.1/A9 26 P2.2/A10 27 P2.3/A11 28 P2.4/A12 29 P2.5/A13 30 P2.6/A14

Pin Function

31 P2.7/A15 32 PSEN 33 ALE/PROG 34 NIC* 35 EA

/V 36 P0.7/AD7 37 P0.6/AD6 38 P0.5/AD5 39 P0.4/AD4 40 P0.3/AD3 41 P0.2/AD2 42 P0.1/AD1 43 P0.0/AD0 44 V

SU00852A

89C535/89C536/89C538

PLASTIC QUAD FLAT PACK PIN FUNCTIONS

44 34

PQFP

12 22

Pin Function

1 P1.5 2 P1.6 3 P1.7 4 RST 5 P3.0/RxD 6 NIC* 7 P3.1/TxD 8 P3.2/INT0

9 P3.3/INT1 10 P3.4/T0 11 P3.5/T1 12 P3.6/WR 13 P3.7/RD 14 XTAL2 15 XTAL1

* NO INTERNAL CONNECTION

Pin Function

16 V

17 V

18 P2.0/A8 19 P2.1/A9 20 P2.2/A10 21 P2.3/A11 22 P2.4/A12 23 P2.5/A13 24 P2.6/A14 25 P2.7/A15 26 PSEN 27 ALE/PROG 28 NIC* 29 EA

30 P0.7/AD7

Pin Function

31 P0.6/AD6 32 P0.5/AD5 33 P0.4/AD4 34 P0.3/AD3 35 P0.2/AD2 36 P0.1/AD1 37 P0.0/AD0 38 V

39 V

40 P1.0/T2 41 P1.1/T2EX 42 P1.2 43 P1.3

44 P1.4

SU00853A

1997 Jun 05

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification

CMOS single-chip 8-bit microcontrollers with FLASH program memory

PIN DESCRIPTIONS

PIN NUMBER

MNEMONIC LCC QFP TYPE NAME AND FUNCTION

P0.0–0.7 43–36 37–30 I/O Port 0: Port 0 is an open-drain, bidirectional I/O port. Port 0 pins that have 1s written to them float

P1.0–P1.7 2–9 40–44,

P2.0–P2.7 24–31 18–25 I/O Port 2: Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. Port 2 pins that have 1s written

P3.0–P3.7 11,

RST 10 4 I Reset: A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running, resets the device. An

ALE/PROG 33 27 O Address Latch Enable/Program Pulse: Output pulse for latching the low byte of the address

PSEN 32 26 O Program Store Enable: The read strobe to external program memory. When the processor is

EA/V

XTAL1 21 15 I Crystal 1: Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock generator circuits. XTAL2 20 14 O Crystal 2: Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.

NOTE:

To avoid “latch-up” effect at power-on, the voltage on any pin at any time must not be higher than V

1, 22 16, 39 I Ground: 0V reference.

23, 44 17, 38 I Power Supply: This is the power supply voltage for normal, idle, and power-down operation.

and can be used as high-impedance inputs. Port 0 is also the multiplexed low-order address and data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this application, it uses strong

internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. Port 0 also outputs the code bytes during program verification and

received code bytes during EEPROM programming. External pull-ups are required during program verification.

1–3

2 40 I/O T2 (P1.0): Timer/Counter 2 external count input 3 41 I T2EX (P1.1): Timer/Counter 2 Reload/Capture

13–195,7–13

11 5 I RxD (P3.0): Serial input port 13 7 O TxD (P3.1): Serial output port 14 8 I INT0 (P3.2): External interrupt 15 9 I INT1 (P3.3): External interrupt 16 10 I T0 (P3.4): Timer 0 external input 17 11 I T1 (P3.5): Timer 1 external input 18 12 O WR (P3.6): External data memory write strobe 19 13 O RD (P3.7): External data memory read strobe

35 29 I External Access Enable/Programming Supply Voltage: EA must be externally held low to enable

I/O Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. Port 1 pins that have 1s written

to them are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, port 1 pins that are externally pulled low will source current because of the internal pull-ups. (See DC Electrical Characteristics: I verification.

Alternate functions for Port 1 include:

to them are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current because of the internal pull-ups. (See DC Electrical Characteristics: I program memory and during accesses to external data memory that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX @DPTR). In this application, it uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. Some Port 2 pins receive the high order address bits during EEPROM programming and verification.

I/O Port 3: Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. Port 3 pins that have 1s written

to them are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current because of the pull-ups. (See DC Electrical Characteristics: I

internal diffused resistor to V

during an access to external memory. In normal operation, ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency , and can be used for external timing or clocking. Note that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external data memory. This pin is also the program pulse input

) during EEPROM programming.

(PROG

executing code from the external program memory, PSEN except that two PSEN not activated during fetches from internal program memory.

the device to fetch code from external program memory. If EA internal program memory. This pin also receives the 12V programming supply voltage (V EPROM programming. EA

). Port 1 also receives the low-order address byte during program memory

). Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external

). Port 3 also serves the special features of the 80C51 family, as listed below:

permits a power-on reset using only an external capacitor to VCC.

activations are skipped during each access to external data memory. PSEN is

is internally latched on Reset.

89C535/89C536/89C538

is activated twice each machine cycle,

is held high, the device executes from

+ 0.5V or VSS – 0.5V, respectively.

) during

1997 Jun 05

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification

CMOS single-chip 8-bit microcontrollers with FLASH program memory

Table 1. Special Function Registers

SYMBOL DESCRIPTION

ACC* Accumulator E0H E7 E6 E5 E4 E3 E2 E1 E0 00H B* B register F0H F7 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 F0 00H DPTR: Data Pointer (2 bytes)

DPH Data Pointer High 83H 00H DPL Data Pointer Low 82H 00H

IE* Interrupt Enable A8H EA – ET2 ES ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0 00H

IP* Interrupt Priority B8H – – PT2 PS PT1 PX1 PT0 PX0 x0000000B

P0* Port 0 80H AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 AD0 FFH

P1* Port 1 90H – – – – – – T2EX T2 FFH

P2* Port 2 A0H AD15 AD14 AD13 AD12 AD11 AD10 AD9 AD8 FFH

P3* Port 3 B0H RD WR T1 T0 INT1 INT0 TxD RxD FFH

DIRECT

ADDRESS

BIT ADDRESS, SYMBOL, OR ALTERNATIVE PORT FUNCTION MSB LSB

AF AE AD AC AB AA A9 A8

BF BE BD BC BB BA B9 B8

87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80

97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90

A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0

B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0

89C535/89C536/89C538

RESET VALUE

PCON# Power Control 87H SMOD – – – GF1 GF0 PD IDL 0xxxx000B

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

PSW* Program Status Word D0H CY AC F0 RS1 RS0 OV – P 00H

RACAP2H# Timer 2 Capture High CBH 00H RACAP2L# Timer 2 Capture Low CAH 00H

SBUF Serial Data Buffer 99H xxxxxxxxB

9F 9E 9D 9C 9B 9A 99 98 SCON* Serial Control 98H SM0 SM1 SM2 REN TB8 RB8 TI RI 00H SP Stack Pointer 81H 07H

8F 8E 8D 8C 8B 8A 89 88 TCON* T imer Control 88H TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0 IT0 00H

CF CE CD CC CB CA C9 C8 T2CON* Timer 2 Control C8H TF2 EXF2 RCLK TCLK EXEN2 TR2 C/T2 CP/RL2 00H

TH0 Timer High 0 8CH 00H TH1 Timer High 1 8DH 00H TH2# Timer High 2 CDH 00H TL0 Timer Low 0 8AH 00H TL1 Timer Low 1 8BH 00H TL2# Timer Low 2 CCH 00H

TMOD Timer Mode 89H GATE C/T M1 M0 GA TE C/T M1 M0 00H

* SFRs are bit addressable. # SFRs are modified from or added to the 80C51 SFRs. – Reserved bits.

1997 Jun 05

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification

CMOS single-chip 8-bit microcontrollers with FLASH program memory

OSCILLA T OR CHARACTERISTICS

XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the input and output, respectively , of an inverting amplifier . The pins can be configured for use as an on-chip oscillator.

To drive the device from an external clock source, XTAL1 should be driven while XTAL2 is left unconnected. There are no requirements on the duty cycle of the external clock signal, because the input to the internal clock circuitry is through a divide-by-two flip-flop. However, minimum and maximum high and low times specified in the data sheet must be observed.

RESET

A reset is accomplished by holding the RST pin high for at least two machine cycles (24 oscillator periods), while the oscillator is running. To insure a good power-on reset, the RST pin must be high long enough to allow the oscillator time to start up (normally a few milliseconds) plus two machine cycles. At power-on, the voltage on V

and RST must come up at the same time for a proper start-up.

Ports 1, 2, and 3 will asynchronously be driven to their reset condition when a voltage above V

LOW POWER MODES Idle Mode

In the idle mode (see Table 2), the CPU puts itself to sleep while all of the on-chip peripherals stay active. The instruction to invoke the idle mode is the last instruction executed in the normal operating mode before the idle mode is activated. The CPU contents, the on-chip RAM, and all of the special function registers remain intact during this mode. The idle mode can be terminated either by any enabled interrupt (at which time the process is picked up at the interrupt service routine and continued), or by a hardware reset which starts the processor in the same manner as a power-on reset.

Power-Down Mode

To save even more power, a Power Down mode (see Table 2) can be invoked by software. In this mode, the oscillator is stopped and

(min.) is applied to RESET.

IH1

89C535/89C536/89C538

the instruction that invoked Power Down is the last instruction executed. The on-chip RAM and Special Function Registers retain their values down to 2.0V and care must be taken to return V the minimum specified operating voltages before the Power Down Mode is terminated.

Either a hardware reset or external interrupt can be used to exit from Power Down. Reset redefines all the SFRs but does not change the on-chip RAM. An external interrupt allows both the SFRs and the on-chip RAM to retain their values.

To properly terminate Power Down the reset or external interrupt should not be executed before V operating level and must be held active long enough for the oscillator to restart and stabilize (normally less than 10ms).

With an external interrupt, INT0 and INT1 must be enabled and configured as level-sensitive. Holding the pin low restarts the oscillator but bringing the pin back high completes the exit. Once the interrupt is serviced, the next instruction to be executed after RETI will be the one following the instruction that put the device into Power Down.

is restored to its normal

Design Consideration

•To eliminate the possibility of an unexpected write when Idle is

terminated by reset, the instruction following the one that invokes Idle should not be one that writes to a port pin or to memory.

ONCE Mode

The ONCE (“On-Circuit Emulation”) Mode facilitates testing and debugging of systems without the device having to be removed from the circuit. The ONCE Mode is invoked by:

1. Pull ALE low while the device is in reset and PSEN

2. Hold ALE low as RST is deactivated. While the device is in ONCE Mode, the Port 0 pins go into a float

state, and the other port pins and ALE and PSEN high. The oscillator circuit remains active. While the 8XC51FA/FB is in this mode, an emulator or test CPU can be used to drive the circuit. Normal operation is restored when a normal reset is applied.

is high;

are weakly pulled

Table 2. External Pin Status During Idle and Power-Down Mode

MODE PROGRAM MEMORY ALE PSEN PORT 0 PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3

Idle Internal 1 1 Data Data Data Data Idle External 1 1 Float Data Address Data Power-down Internal 0 0 Data Data Data Data Power-down External 0 0 Float Data Data Data

1997 Jun 05

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification

CMOS single-chip 8-bit microcontrollers with FLASH program memory

TIMER 2 OPERATION Timer 2

Timer 2 is a 16-bit Timer/Counter which can operate as either an event timer or an event counter, as selected by C/T2* in the special function register T2CON (see Figure 1). Timer 2 has three operating modes:Capture, Auto-reload, and Baud Rate Generator, which are selected by bits in the T2CON as shown in Table 3.

Capture Mode

In the capture mode there are two options which are selected by bit EXEN2 in T2CON. If EXEN2=0, then timer 2 is a 16-bit timer or counter (as selected by C/T2* in T2CON) which, upon overflowing sets bit TF2, the timer 2 overflow bit. This bit can be used to generate an interrupt (by enabling the Timer 2 interrupt bit in the IE register/SFR table). If EXEN2= 1, Timer 2 operates as described above, but with the added feature that a 1- to -0 transition at external input T2EX causes the current value in the Timer 2 registers, TL2 and TH2, to be captured into registers RCAP2L and RCAP2H, respectively. In addition, the transition at T2EX causes bit EXF2 in T2CON to be set, and EXF2 like TF2 can generate an interrupt (which vectors to the same location as Timer 2 overflow interrupt. The Timer 2 interrupt service routine can interrogate TF2 and EXF2 to determine which event caused the interrupt). The capture mode is

89C535/89C536/89C538

illustrated in Figure 2 (There is no reload value for TL2 and TH2 in this mode. Even when a capture event occurs from T2EX, the counter keeps on counting T2EX pin transitions or osc/12 pulses.).

Auto-Reload Mode

In the 16-bit auto-reload mode, Timer 2 can be configured as either a timer or counter (C/T2* in T2CON).

Figure 3 shows the auto–reload mode of Timer 2. In this mode there are two options selected by bit EXEN2 in T2CON register. If EXEN2=0, then Timer 2 counts up to 0FFFFH and sets the TF2 (Overflow Flag) bit upon overflow. This causes the Timer 2 registers to be reloaded with the 16-bit value in RCAP2L and RCAP2H.

The values in RCAP2L and RCAP2H are preset by software. If EXEN2=1, then a 16-bit reload can be triggered either by an overflow or by a 1-to-0 transition at input T2EX. This transition also sets the EXF2 bit. The Timer 2 interrupt, if enabled, can be generated when either TF2 or EXF2 are 1.

The external flag EXF2 toggles when Timer 2 underflows or overflows. This EXF2 bit can be used as a 17th bit of resolution if needed. The EXF2 flag does not generate an interrupt in this mode of operation.

(MSB) (LSB)

TF2 EXF2 RCLK TCLK EXEN2 TR2 C/T2 CP/RL2

Symbol Position Name and Significance

TF2 T2CON.7 Timer 2 overflow flag set by a Timer 2 overflow and must be cleared by software. TF2 will not be set

EXF2 T2CON.6 Timer 2 external flag set when either a capture or reload is caused by a negative transition on T2EX and

RCLK T2CON.5 Receive clock flag. When set, causes the serial port to use Timer 2 overflow pulses for its receive clock

TCLK T2CON.4 Transmit clock flag. When set, causes the serial port to use T imer 2 overflow pulses for its transmit clock

EXEN2 T2CON.3 Timer 2 external enable flag. When set, allows a capture or reload to occur as a result of a negative

TR2 T2CON.2 Start/stop control for Timer 2. A logic 1 starts the timer. C/T2

CP/RL2

T2CON.1 Timer or counter select. (Timer 2)

T2CON.0 Capture/Reload flag. When set, captures will occur on negative transitions at T2EX if EXEN2 = 1. When EXEN2 = 1. When either RCLK = 1 or TCLK = 1, this bit is ignored and the timer is forced to auto-reload

when either RCLK or TCLK = 1.

EXEN2 = 1. When Timer 2 interrupt is enabled, EXF2 = 1 will cause the CPU to vector to the Timer 2 interrupt routine. EXF2 must be cleared by software.

in modes 1 and 3. RCLK = 0 causes Timer 1 overflow to be used for the receive clock.

in modes 1 and 3. TCLK = 0 causes Timer 1 overflows to be used for the transmit clock.

transition on T2EX if Timer 2 is not being used to clock the serial port. EXEN2 = 0 causes Timer 2 to ignore events at T2EX.

0 = Internal timer (OSC/12) 1 = External event counter (falling edge triggered).

cleared, auto-reloads will occur either with Timer 2 overflows or negative transitions at T2EX when on Timer 2 overflow .

Figure 1. Timer/Counter 2 (T2CON) Control Register

SU00866

Table 3. Timer 2 Operating Modes

RCLK + TCLK CP/RL2 TR2 MODE

0 0 1 16-bit Auto-reload 0 1 1 16-bit Capture 1 X 1 Baud rate generator X X 0 (off)

1997 Jun 05

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification

CMOS single-chip 8-bit microcontrollers with FLASH program memory

OSC

T2 Pin

T2EX Pin

÷ 12

Transition

Detector

C/T2 = 0

C/T2

= 1

EXEN2

Control

TR2

Control

Capture

TL2

(8-bits)

RCAP2L RCAP2H

TH2

(8-bits)

89C535/89C536/89C538

TF2

Timer 2

Interrupt

EXF2

SU00066

OSC

T2 PIN

T2EX PIN

÷ 12

TRANSITION

DETECTOR

C/T2 = 0

= 1

C/T2

Figure 2. Timer 2 in Capture Mode

TL2

(8-BITS)

CONTROL

TR2

RELOAD

RCAP2L RCAP2H

CONTROL

EXEN2

Figure 3. Timer 2 in Auto-Reload Mode

TH2

(8-BITS)

TF2

EXF2

TIMER 2

INTERRUPT

SU00067

1997 Jun 05

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification

Baud Rate

Osc Freq

CMOS single-chip 8-bit microcontrollers with FLASH program memory

NOTE: OSC. Freq. is divided by 2, not 12.

OSC

T2 Pin

T2EX Pin

÷ 2

Transition

Detector

C/T2 = 0

C/T2

= 1

(8-bits)

Control

TR2

RCAP2L RCAP2H

EXF2

TL2

Timer 2

Interrupt

TH2

(8-bits)

89C535/89C536/89C538

Timer 1

Overflow

÷ 2

“0” “1”

“0”“1”

÷ 16

Reload

“0”“1”

÷ 16 TX Clock

SMOD

RCLK

RX Clock

TCLK

Control

EXEN2

Note availability of additional external interrupt.

Figure 4. Timer 2 in Baud Rate Generator Mode

Table 4. Timer 2 Generated Commonly Used

Baud Rates

Timer 2

RCAP2H RCAP2L

375K 12MHz FF FF

9.6K 12MHz FF D9

2.8K 12MHz FF B2

2.4K 12MHz FF 64

1.2K 12MHz FE C8 300 12MHz FB 1E 110 12MHz F2 AF 300 6MHz FD 8F 110 6MHz F9 57

Baud Rate Generator Mode

Bits TCLK and/or RCLK in T2CON (Table 3) allow the serial port transmit and receive baud rates to be derived from either Timer 1 or Timer 2. When TCLK= 0, Timer 1 is used as the serial port transmit baud rate generator . When TCLK= 1, Timer 2 is used as the serial port transmit baud rate generator. RCLK has the same effect for the serial port receive baud rate. With these two bits, the serial port can have different receive and transmit baud rates – one generated by Timer 1, the other by Timer 2.

Figure 4 shows the Timer 2 in baud rate generation mode. The baud rate generation mode is like the auto-reload mode,in that a rollover in TH2 causes the Timer 2 registers to be reloaded with the 16-bit value in registers RCAP2H and RCAP2L, which are preset by software.

SU00068

The baud rates in modes 1 and 3 are determined by Timer 2’s overflow rate given below:

Modes 1 and 3 Baud Rates 

Timer 2 Overflow Rate

The timer can be configured for either “timer” or “counter” operation. In many applications, it is configured for “timer” operation (C/T2*=0). Timer operation is different for Timer 2 when it is being used as a baud rate generator.

Usually, as a timer it would increment every machine cycle (i.e., 1/12 the oscillator frequency). As a baud rate generator, it increments every state time (i.e., 1/2 the oscillator frequency). Thus the baud rate formula is as follows:

Modes 1 and 3 Baud Rates =

Oscillator Frequency

[32  [65536  (RCAP2H,RCAP2L)]]

Where: (RCAP2H, RCAP2L)= The content of RCAP2H and RCAP2L taken as a 16-bit unsigned integer.

The Timer 2 as a baud rate generator mode shown in Figure 4, is valid only if RCLK and/or TCLK = 1 in T2CON register. Note that a rollover in TH2 does not set TF2, and will not generate an interrupt. Thus, the Timer 2 interrupt does not have to be disabled when Timer 2 is in the baud rate generator mode. Also if the EXEN2 (T2 external enable flag) is set, a 1-to-0 transition in T2EX (Timer/counter 2 trigger input) will set EXF2 (T2 external flag) but will not cause a reload from (RCAP2H, RCAP2L) to (TH2,TL2). Therefore when Timer 2 is in use as a baud rate generator, T2EX can be used as an additional external interrupt, if needed.

1997 Jun 05

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification

CMOS single-chip 8-bit microcontrollers with FLASH program memory

When Timer 2 is in the baud rate generator mode, one should not try to read or write TH2 and TL2. As a baud rate generator, T imer 2 is incremented every state time (osc/2) or asynchronously from pin T2; under these conditions, a read or write of TH2 or TL2 may not be accurate. The RCAP2 registers may be read, but should not be written to, because a write might overlap a reload and cause write and/or reload errors. The timer should be turned off (clear TR2) before accessing the Timer 2 or RCAP2 registers.

Table 4 shows commonly used baud rates and how they can be obtained from Timer 2.

Summary Of Baud Rate Equations

Timer 2 is in baud rate generating mode. If Timer 2 is being clocked through pin T2(P1.0) the baud rate is:

Baud Rate +

Timer 2 Overflow Rate

Table 5. Timer 2 as a Timer

MODE

16-bit Auto-Reload 00H 08H 16-bit Capture 01H 09H Baud rate generator receive and transmit same baud rate 34H 36H Receive only 24H 26H Transmit only 14H 16H

If Timer 2 is being clocked internally , the baud rate is:

Baud Rate +

Where f To obtain the reload value for RCAP2H and RCAP2L, the above

equation can be rewritten as:

= Oscillator Frequency

OSC

RCAP2H,RCAP2L + 65536 *

Timer/Counter 2 Set-up

Except for the baud rate generator mode, the values given for T2CON do not include the setting of the TR2 bit. Therefore, bit TR2 must be set, separately, to turn the timer on. see Table 5 for set-up of Timer 2 as a timer. Also see Table 6 for set-up of Timer 2 as a counter.

INTERNAL CONTROL

(Note 1)

89C535/89C536/89C538

[32 [65536 * (RCAP2H,RCAP2L)]]

T2CON

OSC

32 Baud Rate

EXTERNAL CONTROL

OSC

(Note 2)

Table 6. Timer 2 as a Counter

TMOD

MODE

16-bit 02H 0AH Auto-Reload 03H 0BH

NOTES:

1. Capture/reload occurs only on timer/counter overflow.

2. Capture/reload occurs on timer/counter overflow and a 1-to-0 transition on T2EX (P1.1) pin except when Timer 2 is used in the baud rate generator mode.

INTERNAL CONTROL

(Note 1)

EXTERNAL CONTROL

(Note 2)

1997 Jun 05

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