PGP Command Line - 10.0 User’s Guide

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PGP® Command Line 10.0

User's Guide

Version Information

PGP Command Line User's Guide. PGP Command Line Version 10.0.0. Released March 2010.

Copyright © 1991-2010 by PGP Corporation. All Rights Reserved. No part of this document can be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of PGP Corporation.

Trademark Information

PGP, Pretty Good Privacy, and the PGP logo are registered trademarks of PGP Corporation in the US and other countries. IDEA is a trademark of Ascom Tech AG. Windows and ActiveX are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. AOL is a registered trademark, and AOL Instant Messenger is a trademark, of America Online, Inc. Red Hat and Red Hat Linux are trademarks or registered trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Solaris is a trademark or registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. AIX is a trademark or registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. HP-UX is a trademark or registered trademark of Hewlett-Packard Company. SSH and Secure Shell are trademarks of SSH Communications Security, Inc. Rendezvous and Mac OS X are trademarks or registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. All other registered and unregistered trademarks in this document are the sole property of their respective owners.

Licensing and Patent Information

The IDEA cryptographic cipher described in U.S. patent number 5,214,703 is licensed from Ascom Tech AG. The CAST-128 encryption algorithm, implemented from RFC 2144, is available worldwide on a royalty-free basis for commercial and non-commercial uses. PGP Corporation has secured a license to the patent rights contained in the patent application Serial Number 10/655,563 by The Regents of the University of California, entitled Block Cipher Mode of Operation for Constructing a Wide-blocksize block Cipher from a Conventional Block Cipher. Some third-party software included in PGP Universal Server is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL). PGP Universal Server as a whole is not licensed under the GPL. If you would like a copy of the source code for the GPL software included in PGP Universal Server, contact PGP Support (https://support.pgp.com). PGP Corporation may have patents and/or pending patent applications covering subject matter in this software or its documentation; the furnishing of this software or documentation does not give you any license to these patents.

Acknowledgments

This product includes or may include:

-- The Zip and ZLib compression code, created by Mark Adler and Jean-Loup Gailly, is used with permission from the free Info-ZIP implementation, developed by zlib (http://www.zlib.net). -- Libxml2, the XML C parser and toolkit developed for the Gnome project and distributed and copyrighted under the MIT License found at http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html. Copyright © 2007 by the Open Source Initiative. -- bzip2 1.0, a freely available high-quality data compressor, is copyrighted by Julian Seward, © 1996-2005. -- Application server (http://jakarta.apache.org/), web server (http://www.apache.org/), Jakarta Commons (http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/license.html) and log4j, a Java-based library used to parse HTML, developed by the Apache Software Foundation. The license is at www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt. -- Castor, an open-source, data-binding framework for moving data from XML to Java programming language objects and from Java to databases, is released by the ExoLab Group under an Apache 2.0-style license, available at http://www.castor.org/license.html. -- Xalan, an open-source software library from the Apache Software Foundation that implements the XSLT XML transformation language and the XPath XML query language, is released under the Apache Software License, version 1.1, available at http://xml.apache.org/xalan-j/#license1.1. -- Apache Axis is an implementation of the SOAP ("Simple Object Access Protocol") used for communications between various PGP products is provided under the Apache license found at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt. -- mx4j, an open-source implementation of the Java Management Extensions (JMX), is released under an Apache-style license, available at http://mx4j.sourceforge.net/docs/ch01s06.html. -- jpeglib version 6a is based in part on the work of the Independent JPEG Group. (http://www.ijg.org/) -- libxslt the XSLT C library developed for the GNOME project and used for XML transformations is distributed under the MIT License http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html. -- PCRE Perl regular expression compiler, copyrighted and distributed by University of Cambridge. ©1997-2006. The license agreement is at http://www.pcre.org/license.txt. -- BIND Balanced Binary Tree Library and Domain Name System (DNS) protocols developed and copyrighted by Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. (http://www.isc.org) -- Free BSD implementation of daemon developed by The FreeBSD Project, © 1994-2006. -- Simple Network Management Protocol Library developed and copyrighted by Carnegie Mellon University © 1989, 1991, 1992, Networks Associates Technology, Inc, © 20012003, Cambridge Broadband Ltd. © 20012003, Sun Microsystems, Inc., © 2003, Sparta, Inc, © 2003-2006, Cisco, Inc and Information Network Center of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, © 2004. The license agreement for these is at http://net-snmp.sourceforge.net/about/license.html. -- NTP version 4.2 developed by Network Time Protocol and copyrighted to various contributors. -- Lightweight Directory Access Protocol developed and copyrighted by OpenLDAP Foundation. OpenLDAP is an open-source implementation of the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). Copyright © 1999-2003, The OpenLDAP Foundation. The license agreement is at http://www.openldap.org/software/release/license.html. Secure shell OpenSSH developed by OpenBSD project is released by the OpenBSD Project under a BSD-style license, available at http://www.openbsd.org/cgibin/cvsweb/src/usr.bin/ssh/LICENCE?rev=HEAD. -- PC/SC Lite is a free implementation of PC/SC, a specification for SmartCard integration is released under the BSD license. -- Postfix, an open source mail transfer agent (MTA), is released under the IBM Public License 1.0, available at http://www.opensource.org/licenses/ibmpl.php. -- PostgreSQL, a free software object-relational database management system, is released under a BSD-style license, available at http://www.postgresql.org/about/licence. -- PostgreSQL JDBC driver, a free Java program used to connect to a PostgreSQL database using standard, database independent Java code, (c) 1997-2005, PostgreSQL Global Development Group, is released under a BSD-style license, available at http://jdbc.postgresql.org/license.html. -- PostgreSQL Regular Expression Library, a free software object-relational database management system, is released under a BSD-style license, available at http://www.postgresql.org/about/licence. -- 21.vixie-cron is the Vixie version of cron, a standard UNIX daemon that runs specified programs at scheduled times. Copyright © 1993, 1994 by Paul Vixie; used by permission. - - JacORB, a Java object used to facilitate communication between processes written in Java and the data layer, is open source licensed under the GNU Library General Public License (LGPL) available at http://www.jacorb.org/lgpl.html. Copyright © 2006 The JacORB Project. -- TAO (The ACE ORB) is an open-source implementation of a CORBA Object Request Broker (ORB), and is used for communication between processes written in C/C++ and the data layer. Copyright (c) 1993-2006 by Douglas C. Schmidt and his research group at Washington University, University of California, Irvine, and Vanderbilt University. The open source software license is available at http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/ACE-copying.html. -- libcURL, a library for downloading files via common network services, is open source software provided under a MIT/X derivate license available at http://curl.haxx.se/docs/copyright.html. Copyright (c) 1996 - 2007, Daniel Stenberg. -- libuuid, a library used to generate unique identifiers, is released under a BSD-style license, available at http://thunk.org/hg/e2fsprogs/?file/fe55db3e508c/lib/uuid/COPYING. Copyright (C) 1996, 1997 Theodore Ts'o. -- libpopt, a library that parses command line options, is released under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License available at http://directory.fsf.org/libs/COPYING.DOC. Copyright © 2000-2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc. -- gSOAP, a development tool for Windows clients to communicate with the Intel Corporation AMT chipset on a motherboard, is distributed under the gSOAP Public License version 1.3b, available at

http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~engelen/license.html. -- Windows Template Library (WTL) is used for developing user interface components and is distributed under the Common Public License v1.0 found at http://opensource.org/licenses/cpl1.0.php. -- The Perl Kit provides several independent utilities used to automate a variety of maintenance functions and is provided under the Perl Artistic License, found at http://www.perl.com/pub/a/language/misc/Artistic.html. -- rEFIt - libeg, provides a graphical interface library for EFI, including image rendering, text rendering, and alpha blending, and is distributed under the license found at http://refit.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/refit/trunk/refit/LICENSE.txt?revision=288. Copyright (c) 2006 Christoph Pfisterer. All rights reserved. -- Java Radius Client, used to authenticate PGP Universal Web Messenger users via Radius, is distributed under the Lesser General Public License (LGPL) found at http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html. -- Yahoo! User Interface (YUI) library version 2.5.2, a Web UI interface library for AJAX. Copyright (c) 2009, Yahoo! Inc. All rights reserved. Released under a BSD-style license, available at http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/license.html. -- JSON-lib version 2.2.1, a Java library used to convert Java objects to JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) objects for AJAX. Distributed under the Apache 2.0 license, available at http://json-lib.sourceforge.net/license.html. -- EZMorph, used by JSON-lib, is distributed under the Apache 2.0 license, available at http://ezmorph.sourceforge.net/license.html. -- Apache Commons Lang, used by JSON-lib, is distributed under the Apache 2.0 license, available at http://commons.apache.org/license.html. -- Apache Commons BeanUtils, used by JSON-lib, is distributed under the Apache 2.0 license, available at http://commons.apache.org/license.html. -- SimpleIni is an .ini format file parser and provides the ability to read and write .ini files, a common configuration file format used on Windows, on other platforms. Distributed under the MIT License found at http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mitlicense.html. Copyright 2006-2008, Brodie Thiesfield. -- uSTL provides a small fast implementation of common Standard Template Library functions and data structures and is distributed under the MIT License found at http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html. Copyright (c) 2005-2009 by Mike Sharov <msharov@users.sourceforge.net>. -- Protocol Buffers (protobuf), Google's data interchange format, are used to serialize structure data in the PGP SDK. Distributed under the BSD license found at http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php. Copyright 2008 Google Inc. All rights reserved.

Additional acknowledgements and legal notices are included as part of the PGP Universal Server.

Export Information

Export of this software and documentation may be subject to compliance with the rules and regulations promulgated from time to time by the Bureau of Export Administration, United States Department of Commerce, which restricts the export and re-export of certain products and technical data.

Limitations

The software provided with this documentation is licensed to you for your individual use under the terms of the End User License Agreement provided with the software. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. PGP Corporation does not warrant that the information meets your requirements or that the information is free of errors. The information may include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes may be made to the information and incorporated in new editions of this document, if and when made available by PGP Corporation.

Contents

PGP Command Line Basics	1
Important Concepts	1
Getting Started	2
Installation	5
Overview	5
System Requirements	6
Windows 7 and Vista	6
Windows Server 2003	7
Windows XP	8
Windows 2000	9
IBM AIX	10
HP-UX 11i	10
Solaris 9 and 10	10
Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Fedora Core	10
Mac OS X	11
Installing on AIX	11
Installing on AIX	11
Changing the Home Directory on AIX	12
Uninstalling on AIX	13
Installing on HP-UX	13
Installing on HP-UX	13
Changing the Home Directory on HP-UX	14
Installing to a Non-Default Directory on HP-UX	14
Uninstalling on HP-UX	15
Installing on Mac OS X	15
Installing on Mac OS X	15
Changing the Home Directory on Mac OS X	16
Uninstalling on Mac OS X	16
Installing on Red Hat Enterprise Linux or Fedora Core	17
Installing on Red Hat Enterprise Linux or Fedora Core	17
Changing the Home Directory on Linux or Fedora Core	18
Uninstalling on Linux or Fedora Core	18
Installing on Solaris	19
Installing on Solaris	19
Changing the Home Directory on Solaris	20
Uninstalling on Solaris	20
Installing on Windows	21
PGP Command Line for Windows and PGP Desktop on the Same System	21
To Install on Windows	21
Changing the Home Directory on Windows	22
Uninstalling on Windows	23

PGP® Command Line 10.0

Contents

Licensing	25
Overview	25
License Recovery	26
Using a License Number	27
Using a License Authorization	28
Re-Licensing	29
Through a Proxy Server	30

The Command-Line Interface	33
Overview	33
Flags and Arguments	35
Flags	35
Arguments	36
Configuration File	38
Keyserver Configuration File Settings	42
Environment Variables	43
Standard Input, Output, and Error	44
Redirecting an Existing File	44
Entering Data	45
Specifying a Key	46
'Secure' Options	46
Passphrases	47

First Steps	49
Overview	49
Creating Your Keypair	50
Protecting Your Private Key	52
Distributing Your Public Key	52
Posting Your Public Key to a Keyserver	53
Exporting Your Public Key to a Text File	54
Getting the Public Keys of Others	54
Finding a Public Key on a Keyserver	54
Importing a Public Key from a Keyserver	55
Verifying Keys	56

Cryptographic Operations	59
Overview	60
Commands	60
--armor (-a)	60
--clearsign	62
--decrypt	64
--detached (-b)	66
--dump-packets, --list-packets	67

PGP® Command Line 10.0

Contents

--encrypt (-e)	68
--export-session-key	72
--list-sda	73
--list-archive	73
--sign (-s)	74
--symmetric (-c)	76
--verify	77

Key Listings	79
Overview	79
Commands	80
--fingerprint	80
--fingerprint-details	81
--list-key-details	82
--list-keys (-l)	83
--list-keys-xml	84
--list-sig-details	85
--list-sigs	86
--list-userids	86

Working with Keyservers	87
Overview	87
Commands	88
--keyserver-disable	88
--keyserver-recv	89
--keyserver-remove	90
--keyserver-search	90
--keyserver-send	91
--keyserver-update	92

Managing Keys	95
Overview	97
Commands	97
--add-adk	97
--add-photoid	98
--add-preferred-cipher	98
--add-preferred-compression-algorithm	99
--add-preferred-email-encoding	100
--add-preferred-hash	100
--add-revoker	101
--add-userid	101
--cache-passphrase	102
--change-passphrase	103
--clear-key-flag	104
--disable	104

iii

PGP® Command Line 10.0

Contents

--enable	105
--export, --export-key-pair	105
--export-photoid	108
--gen-key	108
--gen-revocation	111
--gen-subkey	111
--get-email-encoding	112
--import	113
--join-key	114
--join-key-cache-only	118
--key-recon-send	119
--key-recon-recv-questions	120
--key-recon-recv	121
--remove	122
--remove-adk	122
--remove-all-adks	123
--remove-all-photoids	123
--remove-all-revokers	124
--remove-expiration-date	124
--remove-key-pair	125
--remove-photoid	125
--remove-preferred-cipher	126
--remove-preferred-compression-algorithm	126
--remove-preferred-email-encoding	127
--remove-preferred-hash	127
--remove-preferred-keyserver	128
--remove-revoker	128
--remove-sig	129
--remove-subkey	129
--remove-userid	130
--revoke	130
--revoke-sig	131
--revoke-subkey	132
--send-shares	132
--set-expiration-date	133
--set-key-flag	133
--set-preferred-ciphers	134
--set-preferred-compression-algorithms	134
--set-preferred-email-encodings	135
--set-preferred-hashes	136
--set-preferred-keyserver	136
--set-primary-userid	137
--set-trust	137
--sign-key	138
--sign-userid	139
--split-key	140

PGP® Command Line 10.0

Contents

Working with Email	145
Overview	145
Encrypt Email	147
Sign Email	148
Decrypt Email	148
Verify Email	149
Annotate Email	149

Working with a PGP Key Management Server	151
Overview	152
New Terms and Concepts	152
Relationship with a PGP KMS	153
Authentication for PGP KMS Operations	153
--create-mak	155
--import-mak	156
--export-mak	157
--export-mak-pair	157
--request-cert	158
--edit-mak	159
--search-mak	160
--delete-mak	161
--create-mek-series	161
--edit-mek-series	162
--search-mek-series	163
--delete-mek-series	164
--create-mek	165
--import-mek	165
--export-mek	166
--edit-mek	167
--search-mek	168
--create-msd	168
--export-msd	169
--edit-msd	170
--search-msd	171
--delete-msd	172
--create-consumer	172
--search-consumer	173

Miscellaneous Commands	175
Overview	175
Commands	176
--create-keyrings	176
--help (-h)	177
--license-authorize	177

PGP® Command Line 10.0

Contents

--purge-all-caches	177
--purge-keyring-cache	177
--purge-passphrase-cache	178
--speed-test	178
--version	178
--wipe	179
--check-sigs	180
--check-userids	180
Options	183
Using Options	183
Boolean Options	184
--alternate-format	184
--annotate	184
--archive	185
--banner	186
--biometric	186
--buffered-stdio	186
--compress, --compression	187
--details	187
--email	188
--encrypt-to-self	188
--eyes-only	188
--fast-key-gen	189
--fips-mode, --fips	189
--force (-f)	189
--halt-on-error	190
--keyring-cache	190
--large-keyrings	190
--license-recover	191
--local-mode	191
--marginal-as-valid	191
--master-key	192
--pass-through	192
--passphrase-cache	192
--photo	192
--quiet (-q)	193
--recursive	193
--reverse-sort, --reverse	193
--sda	193
--skep	194
--text-mode, --text (-t)	194
--truncate-passphrase	195
--verbose (-v)	195
--warn-adk	195
--wrapper-key	196
--xml	196
Integer Options	197

PGP® Command Line 10.0

Contents

--3des	197
--aes128, --aes192, --aes256	197
--bits, --encryption-bits	198
--blowfish	198
--bzip2	199
--cast5	199
--creation-days	199
--expiration-days	200
--idea	200
--index	200
--keyring-cache-timeout	201
--keyserver-timeout	201
--md5	202
--passphrase-cache-timeout	202
--partitioned	202
--pgp-mime	203
--ripemd160	203
--sha, --sha256, --sha384, --sha512	204
--signing-bits	205
--skep-timeout	205
--threshold	205
--trust-depth	206
--twofish	206
--wipe-input-passes	206
--wipe-overwrite-passes	207
--wipe-passes	207
--wipe-temp-passes	207
--zip	207
--zlib	208
Enumeration Options	208
--auto-import-keys	208
--cipher	209
--compression-algorithm	209
--compression-level	210
--email-encoding	210
--enforce-adk	211
--export-format	211
--hash	212
--import-format	213
--input-cleanup	213
--key-flag	214
--key-type	215
--manual-import-key-pairs	215
--manual-import-keys	215
--overwrite	216
--sig-type	216
--sort-order, --sort	216
--tar-cache-cleanup	217
--target-platform	218

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PGP® Command Line 10.0

Contents

--temp-cleanup	218
--trust	218
String Options	219
--city, --common-name, --contact-email, --country	219
--comment	219
--creation-date	219
--default-key	220
--expiration-date	220
--export-passphrase	221
--home-dir	221
--local-user (-u), --user	221
--license-name, --license-number, --license-organization, --license-email	222
--new-passphrase	223
--organization, --organizational-unit	223
--output (-o)	223
--output-file	224
--passphrase	224
--preferred-keyserver	224
--private-keyring	225
--proxy-passphrase, --proxy-server, --proxy-username	225
--public-keyring	226
--recon-server	226
--regular-expression	226
--random-seed	227
--root-path	227
--share-server	227
--state	227
--status-file	228
--symmetric-passphrase	228
--temp-dir	229
List Options	229
--additional-recipient	229
--adk	229
--input (-i)	230
--question / --answer	230
--keyserver	231
--recipient (-r)	231
--revoker	232
--share	232
File Descriptors	233
--auth-passphrase-fd, auth-passphrase-fd8	233
--export-passphrase-fd, --export-passphrase-fd8	234
--new-passphrase-fd, --new-passphrase-fd8	234
--passphrase-fd, --passphrase-fd8	234
--proxy-passphrase-fd, --proxy-passphrase-fd8	234
--symmetric-passphrase-fd, --symmetric-passphrase-fd8	235

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PGP® Command Line 10.0

Contents

Lists	237
Basic Key List	237
The Default Key Column	238
The Algorithm Column	238
The Type Column	239
The Size/Type Column	239
The Flags Column	240
The Key ID Column	241
The User ID Column	242
Detailed Key List	242
Main Key Details	244
Subkey Details	251
ADK Details	253
Revoker Details	253
Key List in XML Format	254
Elements with fixed settings	258
X.509 Signatures	260
Detailed Signature List	261

Usage Scenarios	267
Secure Off-Site Backup	267
PGP Command Line and PGP Desktop	268
Compression Saves Money	268
Surpasses Legal Requirements	269

Quick Reference	271
Commands	271
Options	275
Environment Variables	280
Configuration File Variables	280

Codes and Messages	283
Messages Without Codes	283
Messages With Codes	284
Parser	284
Keyrings	285
Wipe	286
Encrypt	287
Sign	287
Decrypt	287
Speed Test	288
Key edit	288
Keyserver	295

PGP® Command Line 10.0

Contents

Key Reconstruction	296
Licensing	297
PGP Universal Server	298
General	298
Exit Codes	307

Frequently Asked Questions	309
Key Used for Encryption	309
"Invalid" Keys	310
Maximum File Size	311
Programming and Scripting Languages	312
File Redirection	312
Protecting Passphrases	312

Searching for Data on a PGP KMS	315
Overview	315
Keyword Listing	316
Example Searches	318
More About Types	319
Time Fields	319
Boolean Values	319
Open PGP Algorithms	319
Open PGP Key Usage Flags	320
Key Modes	320
Index	321

1	PGP Command Line Basics
	This chapter describes some important PGP Command Line concepts and gives
	you a high-level overview of the things you need to do to set up and use PGP
	Command Line.
	In This Chapter
	Important Concepts...................................................................................	1
	Getting Started ..........................................................................................	2

Important Concepts

The following concepts are important for you to understand:

PGP Command Line: A software product from PGP Corporation that automates the processes of encrypting/signing, decrypting/verifying, and file wiping; it provides a command-line interface to PGP technology.

command-line interface: An interface where you type commands at a command prompt. PGP Command Line uses a command-line interface.

keyboard input: PGP Command Line was designed so that all relevant information can be entered at the command line, thus requiring no further input from the keyboard to implement the commands.

scripting: PGP Command Line commands can be easily inserted into scripts to be used for automating tasks. For example, if your company regularly copies a large database to an off-site backup and then stores it there, PGP Command Line commands can be added to the script that does this so that the database is encrypted before it is transmitted to the off-site location and then decrypted when it arrives. PGP Command Line commands are easily added to shell scripts or scripts written with scripting languages (such as Perl or Python, for example).

environment variables: Environment variables control various aspects of PGP Command Line behavior; for example, the location of the PGP Command Line home directory. Environment variables are established on the computer running PGP Command Line.

PGP® Command Line 10.0

PGP Command Line Basics

configuration file variables: When PGP Command Line starts, it reads the configuration file, which includes special configuration variables and values for each variable. These settings affect how PGP Command Line operates. Configuration file variables can be changed permanently by editing the configuration file or overridden on a temporary basis by specifying a value for a configuration file variable on the command line.

Self-Decrypting Archives (SDAs): PGP Command Line lets you create SDAs, compressed and conventionally encrypted archives that require a passphrase to decrypt. SDAs contain an executable for the target platform, which means the recipient of an SDA does not need to have any PGP software installed to open the archive. You can thus securely transfer data to recipients with no PGP software installed. You will have to communicate the passphrase of the SDA to the recipient, however.

Additional Decryption Key (ADK): PGP Command Line supports the use of an ADK, which is an additional key to which files or messages are encrypted, thus allowing the keeper of the ADK to retrieve data or messages as well as the intended recipient. Use of an ADK ensures that your corporation has access to all its proprietary information even if employee keys are lost or become unavailable.

PGP Zip archives: The PGP Zip feature lets you encrypt/sign groups of files or entire directories into a single compressed archive file. The archive format is tar and the supported compression formats are Zip, BZip2, and Zlib.

Getting Started

Now that you know a little bit about PGP Command Line, let’s go deeper into what you need to do to get started using it:

1Install PGP Command Line. Specific instructions for installing PGP Command Line on the supported platforms are in Installation.

2License the software. PGP Command Line functionality is extremely limited until you license the software. Refer to Licensing for more information.

3Create your default key pair. Most PGP Command Line operations require a key pair (a private key and a public key). Refer to Creating Your Keypair for more information.

4Protect your private key. Because your private key can decrypt your protected data, it is important that you protect it. Do not write down or tell someone the passphrase. It is a good idea to keep your private key on a machine that only you can access, and in a directory that is not accessible from the network. Also, you should make a backup of the private key and store it in a secure location. Refer to Protecting Your Private Key for more information.

PGP® Command Line 10.0

PGP Command Line Basics

5Exchange public keys with others. In order to encrypt data to someone you need their public key; and they need yours to encrypt data to you. Refer to Getting the Public Keys of Others for more information about how to obtain public keys.

6Verify the public keys you get from the keyserver. Once you have a copy of someone’s public key, you add it to your public keyring. When you get someone’s public key, you should make sure that it has not been tampered with and that it really belongs to the purported owner. You do this by comparing the unique fingerprint on your copy of someone’s public key to the fingerprint on that person’s original key. For more information about validity and trust, refer to An Introduction to Cryptography (it was put onto your computer during installation). For instructions how to verify someone’s public key, see --fingerprint (page 80).

7Start securing your data. After you have generated your key pair and have obtained public keys, you can begin encrypting, signing, decrypting, and verifying your data.

2 Installation

This chapter lists the system requirements for, and tells you how to install PGP Command Line onto, the six supported platforms: AIX, HP-UX, Mac OS X, Linux, Solaris, and Windows. It also includes uninstall instructions.

In This Chapter
Overview....................................................................................................	5
System Requirements ...............................................................................	6
Installing on AIX .......................................................................................	11
Installing on HP-UX ..................................................................................	13
Installing on Mac OS X.............................................................................	15
Installing on Red Hat Enterprise Linux or Fedora Core............................	17
Installing on Solaris ..................................................................................	19
Installing on Windows..............................................................................	21

Overview

PGP Command Line can be installed on these platforms:

Windows 7 (32and 64-bit), Windows Vista (32and 64-bit), Windows Server 2003 (SP 1), Windows XP (32and 64-bit), Windows 2000 (SP 4)

HP-UX 11i and above (PA-RISC and Itanium)

IBM AIX 5.3 and 6.1

RedHat Enterprise Linux 3.0 and above (x86 only and x86_64)

Fedora Core 3 and above (x86_64 only)

Sun Solaris 9 (SPARC only) and Solaris 10 (SPARC, x86, and x86_64

Apple Mac OS X 10.5.x and 10.6.x (Intel-based systems only)

PGP Command Line uses a specific directory for the application data such as the configuration file, and a specific directory (called the home directory) for the files it creates, such as keyring files.

On any UNIX system, the application data and the home directory are identical and they are configured through the $HOME environment variable. For more information, refer to the installation instructions for the specific UNIX platform.

PGP® Command Line 10.0

Installation

On Windows, the application data directory is used to store data such as the configuration file PGPprefs.xml. The home directory is called “My Documents” and is used to store keys. These two directories can be named differently, depending on the specific version on Windows. For more information, see To Install on Windows (on page 21).

Note: You can also use the --home-dir option on the command line to specify a different home directory. Using this option affects only the command it is used in and does not change the PGP_HOME_DIR environment variable.

Using --home-dir on the command line overrides the current setting of the

PGP_HOME_DIR environment variable.

System Requirements

In general, system requirements for PGP Command Line are the same as the system requirements for the host operating system.

In addition to the hard drive space required by the base operating system, PGP Command Line requires additional space for both the data on which cryptographic operations (such as encryption, decryption, signing, and verifying) will be applied and temporary files created in the process of performing those operations.

For a given file being encrypted or decrypted, PGP Command Line can require several times the size of the original file in free hard drive space (depending on how much the file was compressed), enough to hold both the original file or files and the final file resulting from the encryption or decryption operation.

In cases where PGP Zip functionality is used on a file, PGP Command Line may also require several times the size of the original file or files in free hard drive space, enough to hold the original file, a temporary file created when handling the archive, and the final file resulting from the encryption or decryption operation. Make sure you have adequate free hard drive space on your system before using PGP Command Line.

Windows 7 and Vista

	Component	Requirement
	Computer	PC with 1 GHz 32-bit (x86) processor
	and
	processor

	Memory	1 gigabyte (GB) of RAM or higher recommended (64 MB
		minimum supported; may limit performance and some
		features)


		6

PGP® Command Line 10.0

Installation

Hard disk	15 GB of available space
Drive	DVD-ROM drive

Display	Support for DirectX 9 graphics with WDDM driver, 128 MB of
	graphics memory (minimum), Pixel Shader 2.0 in hardware, 32
	bits per pixel

Windows Server 2003

PGP Command Line supports four editions of Windows Server 2003: Standard,

Datacenter, Enterprise, and Web.

Standard Edition

Component	Requirement
Computer	PC with a 133-MHz processor required; 550-MHz or faster
and	processor recommended (Windows Server 2003 Standard
processor	Edition supports up to four processors on one server)

Memory	128 MB of RAM required; 256 MB or more recommended; 4
	GB maximum

Hard disk	1.25 to 2 GB of available hard-disk space

Drive	CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive

Display	VGA or hardware that supports console redirection required;
	Super VGA supporting 800 x 600 or higher-resolution monitor
	recommended

Datacenter Edition

	Component	Requirement
	Computer	Minimum: 400 MHz processor for x86-based computers
	and	Recommended: 733 MHz processor
	processor

	Memory	Minimum: 512 MB of RAM
		Recommended: 1 GB of RAM

	Hard disk	1.5 GB hard-disk space for x86-based computers

	Other	Minimum: 8-way capable multiprocessor machine required
		Maximum: 64-way capable multiprocessor machine supported


		7

PGP® Command Line 10.0

Installation

Enterprise Edition

These system requirements apply only to the 32-bit version of Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition; 64-bit versions of Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition are not supported.

Component	Requirement
Computer	133-MHz or faster processor for x86-based PCs; up to eight
and	processors supported on either the 32-bit
processor

Memory	128 MB of RAM minimum required
	Maximum: 32 GB for x86-based PCs with the 32-bit version

Hard disk	1.5 GB of available hard-disk space for x86-based PCs;
	additional space is required if installing over a network

Drive	CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive

Display	VGA or hardware that supports console redirection required

Web Edition

Component	Requirement
Computer	133-MHz processor (550 MHz recommended)
and
processor

Memory	128 MB of RAM (256 MB recommended; 2 GB maximum)

Hard disk	1.5 GB of available hard-disk space

Windows XP

PGP Command Line supports the 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows XP.

PGP® Command Line 10.0

Installation

32-bit Windows XP

Component	Requirement
Computer	PC with 300 megahertz (MHz) or higher processor clock
and	speed recommended; 233-MHz minimum required; Intel
processor	Pentium/Celeron family, AMD K6/Athlon/Duron family, or
	compatible processor recommended

Memory	128 megabytes (MB) of RAM or higher recommended (64 MB
	minimum supported; may limit performance and some
	features)

Hard disk	1.5 gigabyte (GB) of available hard disk space

Drive	CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive

Display	Super VGA (800 × 600) or higher resolution video adapter and
	monitor supporting 800 x 600 or higher-resolution monitor
	recommended

64-bit Windows XP

Component	Requirement
Computer	PC with AMD Athlon 64, AMD Opteron, Intel Xeon with Intel
and	EM64T support, Intel Pentium 4 with Intel EM64T support
processor

Memory	256 megabytes (MB) of RAM or higher recommended

Hard disk	1.5 gigabyte (GB) of available hard disk space

Drive	CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive

Display	Super VGA (800 × 600) or higher resolution video adapter and
	monitor supporting 800 x 600 or higher-resolution monitor
	recommended

Windows 2000

	Component	Requirement
	Computer	133 MHz or higher Pentium-compatible CPU
	and
	processor


		9

PGP® Command Line 10.0

Installation

Memory	At least 64 megabytes (MB) of RAM; more memory generally
	improves responsiveness

Hard disk	2 GB with 650 MB free space

Drive	CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive

Display	VGA or higher resolution monitor

IBM AIX

PGP Command Line runs on the range of IBM eServer p5, IBM eServer pSeries,

IBM eServer i5 and IBM RS/6000, as supported by IBM AIX 5.3 and 6.1.

HP-UX 11i

PGP Command Line runs on the list of PA-RISC workstation and servers supported by HP-UX 11i, as specified at http://docs.hp.com/ http://docs.hp.com/en/5187-2239/ch03s01.html.

Solaris 9 and 10

Component	Requirement
Computer	SPARC (32and 64-bit) platforms
and
processor

Memory	64 MB minimum (128 MB recommended)

Hard disk	600 MB for desktops; one GB for servers

Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Fedora Core

Component	Requirement
Computer	x86 for Red Hat Enterprise Linux, x86_64 for Fedora Core; see
and	Red Hat or Fedora websites for hardware compatibility.
processor

Memory	256 MB minimum

Hard disk	800 MB minimum

PGP® Command Line 10.0

Installation

Mac OS X

Component	Requirement
Computer	Macintosh computer, Intel-based system only
and
processor

Memory	128 MB of physical RAM

Installing on AIX

This section tells you how to install, change the home directory, and uninstall on

AIX.

Installing on AIX

You need to have root or administrator privileges on the machine on which you are installing PGP Command Line.

To install PGP Command Line on an AIX system:

1If you have an existing version of PGP Command Line installed on the computer, uninstall it.

2Download the installer application called PGPCommandLine10IX.tar to a known location on your system.

3Untar the package first. You will get the following file:

PGPCommandLine100AIX.rpm

4Type: rpm -ivh PGPCommandLine10IX.rpm

5Press Enter.

By default, the PGP Command Line application, pgp, is installed into the directory /opt/pgp/bin. You need to add this directory to your PATH environment variable in order for the application to be found.

For sh-based shells, use this syntax:

PATH=$PATH:/opt/pgp/bin

For csh-based shells, use this syntax:

set path = ($path /opt/pgp/bin)

Also, in order to access the PGP Command Line man page, you need to set the

MANPATH environment variable appropriately.

PGP® Command Line 10.0

Installation

For sh-based shells, use this syntax:

MANPATH=$MANPATH:/opt/pgp/man; export MANPATH

For csh-based shells, use this syntax:

setenv MANPATH "/opt/pgp/man"

By adding the option --prefix to the rpm command, you can install PGP

Command Line to a location other than the default.

Type rpm --prefix=/usr/pgp -ivh PGPCommandLine10AIX.rpm and press Enter.

This command installs the application binary in the directory /usr/pgp/bin/pgp, libraries in /usr/pgp/lib, and so on.

You will need to edit the environmental variable LIBPATH to include the new library path (/usr/pgp/lib) so that PGP Command Line can function in a location other than the default.

By adding the option --prefix to the rpm command, you can install PGP

Command Line in a location other than the default:

1If you have an existing version of PGP Command Line installed on the computer, uninstall it.

2Download the installer application called PGPCommandLine10AIX.tar to a known location on your system.

3Untar the package first. You will get the following file:

PGPCommandLine10AIX.rpm

4 Type: rpm --prefix=/opt -ivh PGPCommandLine10AIX.rpm

5Press Enter.

This command will install the application binary, pgp, in the directory

/usr/pgp/bin/pgp, libraries in /usr/pgp/lib, and so on.

You will need to edit the environment variable LIBPATH to include the new library path (/usr/pgp/lib), so that PGP Command Line can function in any location other than the default.

Changing the Home Directory on AIX

The home directory is where PGP Command Line stores the files that it creates and uses; for example, keyring files.

By default, the PGP Command Line installer for AIX creates the PGP Command Line home directory at $HOME/.pgp. If this directory does not exist, it will be created. For example, if the value of $HOME for user "alice"is /usr/home/alice, PGP Command Line will attempt to create

/usr/home/alice/.pgp.

The PGP Command Line installer will not try to create any other part of the directory listed in the $HOME variable, only .pgp.

PGP® Command Line 10.0

Installation

If you want the home directory changed on a permanent basis, you will need to create the $PGP_HOME_DIR environment variable and specify the path of the desired home directory.

Uninstalling on AIX

Uninstalling PGP Command Line on AIX requires root privileges, either through su or sudo.

To uninstall PGP Command Line on AIX

1Type the following command and press Enter: rpm -e pgpcmdln

2PGP Command Line is uninstalled.

Installing on HP-UX

This section tells you how to install, change the home directory, and uninstall on

HP-UX.

Installing on HP-UX

You need to have root or administrator privileges on the machine on which you are installing PGP Command Line.

To install PGP Command Line on an HP-UX system

1If you have an existing version of PGP Command Line installed on the computer, uninstall it.

2Download the installer file called PGPCommandLine10HPUX.tar to a known location on your system.

3Untar the package first. You will get the following file:

PGPCommandLine10HPUX.depot

4Type: swinstall -s /absolute/path/to/PGPCommandLine10HPUX.depot

5Press Enter.

For sh-based shells, use this syntax:

PGP® Command Line 10.0

Installation

PATH=$PATH:/opt/pgp/bin

For csh-based shells, use this syntax:

set path = ($path /opt/pgp/bin)

Also, in order to access the PGP Command Line man page, you need to set the

MANPATH environment variable appropriately.

For sh-based shells, use this syntax:

MANPATH=$MANPATH:/opt/pgp/man; export MANPATH

For csh-based shells, use this syntax:

setenv MANPATH "/opt/pgp/man"

Note: You may encounter an issue generating 2048or 4096-bit keys on HPUX systems running PGP Command Line if you have altered the maximum number of shared memory segments that can be attached to one process, as configured by the shmseg system parameter. if you encounter this issue, reset the shmseg system parameter to its default value of 120. Consult your HP-UX documentation for information about how to alter system parameters.

Changing the Home Directory on HP-UX

The home directory is where PGP Command Line stores the files that it creates and uses; for example, keyring files.

By default, the PGP Command Line installer for HP-UX creates the PGP Command Line home directory in $HOME/.pgp. If this directory does not exist, it will be created. For example, if the value of $HOME for user "alice" is /usr/home/alice, PGP Command Line will attempt to create

/usr/home/alice/.pgp.

The PGP Command Line installer will not try to create any other part of the directory listed in the $HOME variable, only .pgp.

If you want the PGP Command Line home directory changed on a permanent basis, you can define the $PGP_HOME_DIR environment variable and specify the path of the desired home directory.

Installing to a Non-Default Directory on HP-UX

This procedure describes how to install PGP Command Line for HP-UX into a non-default directory. The information provided is in addition to the information provided in Installing on HP-UX.

Note: This procedure uses /opt/pgp_alt as the non-default directory. Be sure to substitute the desired directory in place of /opt/pgp_alt.

PGP® Command Line 10.0

Installation

To install PGP Command Line for HP-UX to a non-default directory

1Add the following extra argument to the swinstall command:

swinstall -s /path/to/pgpcmdln.depot pgpcmdln,l=/opt/pgp_alt

2Set all libraries to respect the SHLIB_PATH environment variable: chatr +s enable /opt/pgp_alt/lib/*

3Set the SHLIB_PATH environment variable to the new library directory when starting PGP Command Line:

export SHLIB_PATH=/opt/pgp_alt/lib

Uninstalling on HP-UX

Uninstalling PGP Command Line on HP-UX requires root privileges, either su or sudo.

To uninstall PGP Command Line on HP-UX:

1Type the following command and press Enter: swremove pgpcmdln

2PGP Command Line is uninstalled.

Installing on Mac OS X

This section tells you how to install, change the home directory, and uninstall on

Mac OS X.

Installing on Mac OS X

To install PGP Command Line on a Mac OS X system:

1Close all applications.

2Download the installer application, PGPCommandLine10MacOSX.tgz, to your desktop.

3Double-click on the file PGPCommandLine10MacOSX.tgz.

4If you have Stuffit Expander, it will automatically first uncompress this file into PGPCommandLine10MacOSX.tar, and then untar it into PGPCommandLine10MacOSX.pkg.

5Double-click on the file PGPCommandLine10MacOSX.pkg.

PGP® Command Line 10.0

Installation

6Follow the on-screen instructions.

The Mac OS X PGP Command Line application, pgp, is installed into

/usr/bin/.

After you run PGP Command Line for the first time, its home directory will be created automatically in the directory $HOME/Documents/PGP. This directory may already exist if PGP Desktop for Mac OS X is already installed on the system.

Changing the Home Directory on Mac OS X

The home directory is where PGP Command Line stores the files that it creates and uses; for example, keyring files.

By default, the PGP Command Line installer for Mac OS X creates the PGP Command Line home directory at $HOME/Documents/PGP. If this directory does not exist, it will be created.

The PGP Command Line installer will not try to create any other part of directory listed in the $HOME variable, only .pgp.

If you want the home directory changed permanently, you need to create the $PGP_HOME_DIR environment variable and specify the path of the desired home directory.

Uninstalling on Mac OS X

Uninstalling PGP Command Line on Mac OS X requires administrative privileges.

Caution: If you have PGP Desktop for Mac OS X installed on the same system with PGP Command Line, do not uninstall PGP Command Line unless you also plan to uninstall PGP Desktop. Uninstalling PGP Command Line will delete files that PGP Desktop requires to operate; you will have to reinstall PGP Desktop to return to normal operation.

To uninstall PGP Command Line on Mac OS X:

1Using the Terminal application, enter the following commands: rm -rf /usr/bin/pgp

rm -rf /Library/Frameworks/PGP* rm -rf /Library/Receipts/PGP*

2PGP Command Line is uninstalled.

Preferences and keyrings are not removed when PGP Command Line is uninstalled.

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