PerkinElmer AAnalyst 700 User Manual

A

TOMIC SPECTROMETRY

Return to Document Menu

AAnalyst 700

Atomic Absorption Spectrometer

User’s Guide

ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY

AAnalyst 700

Atomic Absorption Spectrometer

User’s Guide

PerkinElmer Bodenseewerk is registered
for the design and manufacture of
laboratory analytical equipment
under the quality requirements of
BS EN ISO 9001.

Certificate No. FM 22178

Notice

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

Release history

Part Number Release Publication Date

0993-5255 1

2
3
4
5

January 1998

September 1998

June1999

March 2000

September 2000

Trademarks

PerkinElmer is a trademark of PerkinElmer, Inc.
AAnalyst, AA WinLab, Lumina, and HGA are trademarks of affiliates of PerkinElmer Instruments LLC.

Windows is a trademark and Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this document, even when not
specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law.

Copyright information

This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright.
All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form whatsoever
or translated into any language without the prior written permission of PerkinElmer Instruments LLC
or one of its affiliates.

Copyright ©1998–2000 by affiliates of PerkinElmer Instruments LLC

Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany

Technical Documentation
PerkinElmer Bodenseewerk
D-88647 Ueberlingen, Federal Republic of Germany

Contents

Chapter 1 Safety and Regulatory Information

Safety practices and conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Correct use of the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

Electrical safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

Laboratory hygiene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

Laboratory ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

Safe handling of chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9

Waste disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10

UV radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11

High temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

Handling compressed gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

Safety practices for flame atomization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16

Safety practices for electrothermal atomization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22

Safety practices for FIAS and mercury hydride systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24

References for laboratory safety practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26

Regulatory information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27

IEC 1010 compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27

Electrical protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28

Symbols used on the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-29

Warning Markings on the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30

Warning markings at the front of the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30

Warning markings on the rear panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-32

Warning markings on the deuterium lamp cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-35

page

0993-5255

C-1

Contents

Chapter 2 Spectrometer Installation

Before you install the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Moving and reinstalling the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Preparing the spectrometer to be moved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Moving the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Reinstalling the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

Connecting the burner gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

Connecting the furnace gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

To connect the drain system to the burner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15

To install the furnace autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15

Connecting cooling sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

Electrical connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22

Chapter 3 Preparing the System for Analyses

Switching on the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Installing lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Installing sample trays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Shutting down the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

Emergency shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

page

Chapter 4 Spectrometer: System Maintenance

PerkinElmer Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Maintenance checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

Spectrometer maintenance procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

Cleaning the windows of the optical system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

Maintaining the electrical components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7

Changing the air filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

Replacing the deuterium lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11

Maintaining the acetylene supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14

Chapter 5 Parts and Supplies

Parts provided . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Replacement parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Obtaining supplies, replacement parts, and accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

C-2

0993-5255

Contents

Chapter 6 Laboratory Requirements

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

Operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

Space requirements for the spectrometer system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5

Electrical requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8

Gas supply requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9

Burner gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10

Furnace gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14

Cooling the spectrometer system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16

Lamps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18

Computer and printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18

Chapter 7 Spectrometer: System Description

The AAnalyst 700 Spectrometer System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

The optical system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6

Switches and connectors on the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8

Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14

page

Chapter 8 Translations of Warnings

Translations of Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

Symbols used on the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-45

Index

Customer Service

0993-5255

C-3

Contents

C-4

0993-5255

Safety and Regulatory Information

1Safety and Regulatory Information

1

Contents

Safety practices and conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Correct use of the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

Electrical safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

Laboratory hygiene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

Laboratory ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

Safe handling of chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9

Waste disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10

UV radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11

High temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

Handling compressed gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

Safety practices for flame atomization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16

Safety practices for electrothermal atomization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22

Safety practices for FIAS and mercury hydride systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24

References for laboratory safety practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26

Regulatory information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27

IEC 1010 compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27

Electrical protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28

Symbols used on the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-29

Warning Markings on the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30

Warning markings at the front of the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30

Warning markings on the rear panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-32

Warning markings on the deuterium lamp cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-35

page

0993-5255

1-1

1-2

0993-5255

Safety practices and conventions

This instrument has been designed to comply with a wide variety of international
standards governing the safety of laboratory equipment. In routine use, the
instrument poses virtually no risk to you. If you take some simple, common-sense
precautions, you can maintain the continued safe operation of the instrument.

The guide provided with the instrument contains information and warnings that
must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the
instrument in a safe condition. This advice is intended to supplement, not
supersede, the normal safety code of behavior prevailing in the country of
operation.

The information provided does not cover every safety procedure that should be
practiced. Ultimately, maintenance of a safe laboratory environment is the
responsibility of the user and the user’s organization.

Possible hazards that could harm the user or result in damage to the instrument
are clearly stated at appropriate places throughout this guide.

Any of the following safety conventions can be used throughout this guide:

Safety/Regulatory Information

0993-5255

This symbol alerts you to situations that could result in personal injury to yourself
or other persons.
Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one.

This symbol alerts you to the risk of

injury

to yourself or other persons.

Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one.

This symbol alerts you to the risk of

injury

to yourself or other persons.

Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one.

electric shock that could result in personal

hot surfaces that could cause personal

1-3

Safety/Regulatory Information

This symbol alerts you to the risk of ultraviolet radiation that could cause

eye damage to yourself or other persons.

Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one.

Caution

The term CAUTION alerts you to situations that could result in serious damage

to the instrument

Details about these circumstances are described in a message similar to this
one.

or other equipment.

Correct use of the instrument

Before you install or use your instrument, and in order to get the best results, you
should be familiar with all of the instruments in the system and know how to
operate them. You should also be aware of the safety procedures in force in your
laboratory, especially those concerning atomic spectrometry instruments. Consult
the guides supplied with the instruments before you start.

If you use the instrument in a manner not specified in the guide, or if you use it
for a purpose other than that intended, you may damage the instrument, or
compromise your own, or someone else’s, safety.

This instrument should only be operated by persons who are suitably qualified
and have received adequate training.

1-4

0993-5255

Electrical safety

Safety/Regulatory Information

Warning: Unauthorized Adjustments and Servicing

Only a PerkinElmer service engineer or similarly trained and authorized person
should be permitted to service the instrument.

 Do not attempt to make adjustments, replacements, repairs, or modifications

to this instrument except as described in the documentation supplied with the
instrument.

Warning: Electrical Hazard

Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside the instrument or
disconnection of the protective conductor (earth/ground) terminal is likely to
make the instrument dangerous.
Intentional interruption is prohibited.

Lethal voltages are present in the instrument

– Even with the power switch off, line power voltages can still be present within

the instrument.

– When the instrument is connected to line power, terminals may be live, and

opening covers or removing parts (except those to which access can be
gained without use of a tool) is likely to expose live parts.

– Capacitors inside the instrument may still be charged even if the instrument

has been disconnected from all voltage sources.

W1.2

W2.1

0993-5255

 To ensure satisfactory and safe operation of the instrument, it is essential that

the line power cord is connected to a properly installed line power outlet that
has a protective conductor (earth/ground).

 Do not attempt to make internal adjustments or replacements except as

directed in the guide provided with the instrument.

 Do not operate the instrument with any covers or parts removed.

 Disconnect the instrument from all voltage sources before opening it for any

adjustment, replacement, maintenance, or repair.
If, afterwards, the opened instrument must be operated for further adjustment,
maintenance, or repair, this must only be done by a skilled person who is
aware of the hazard involved.

1-5

Safety/Regulatory Information

 Use only fuses with the required current rating and of the specified type for

replacement.

Do not use makeshift fuses or short-circuit the fuse holders.

 Whenever it is likely that the instrument is no longer electrically safe for use,

make the instrument inoperative and secure it against any unauthorized or
unintentional operation.

The instrument is likely to be electrically unsafe when it:

– Shows visible damage.

– Fails to perform the intended measurement.

– Has been subjected to prolonged storage under unfavorable conditions.

– Has been subjected to severe transport stresses.

Note: The spectrometer is provided with an operational on/off switch and with
a circuit breaker.
The operational on/off switch turns the instrument on and off, but it does not
disconnect the instrument from the line power supply.
The circuit breaker functions as a ‘disconnecting device’ and disconnects the
instrument entirely from the line power supply.
Further information on these two switches is provided in ‘Switches and
connectors on the spectrometer’ starting at page 7-6.

1-6

0993-5255

Operating conditions

Safety/Regulatory Information

Warning: Explosive Atmosphere

This instrument is not designed for operation in an explosive atmosphere.

The instrument will operate correctly under the following conditions:

W1.3

 Indoors.

 Ambient temperature +15 C to +35 C (+59 F to +95 F), with a maximum

change not exceeding 2.8 C (5 F) per hour.

 Ambient relative humidity 20% to 80%, without condensation.

 Altitude in the range 0 m to 2000 m (sea level to 6500 feet).

 The location must be free of dust, smoke, and corrosive fumes.

 You can store the instrument safely under the following conditions:

 Ambient temperature –20 C to +60 C (–4 F to +140 F).

 Ambient relative humidity 20% to 80%, without condensation.

 Altitude in the range 0 m to 12000 m (sea level to 40 000 feet).

Note: When you remove the instrument from storage and before you put it into
operation, allow it to stand for at least a day under the approved operating
conditions.

0993-5255

1-7

Safety/Regulatory Information

Laboratory hygiene

 Keep the work area scrupulously clean to avoid contaminating your samples

and to maintain a safe working environment. Clean up spilled chemicals
immediately and dispose of them properly.

 Do not allow smoking in the work area. Smoking is a source of significant

contamination and also a potential route for ingesting harmful chemicals.

 Do not store, handle, or consume food in the work area.

Laboratory ventilation

Toxic combustion products, metal vapor, ozone, etc., can be generated by the
system, depending on the type of analyses being performed.

 You must provide an efficient laboratory ventilation system to remove toxic

products generated during instrument operation.

1-8

0993-5255

Safe handling of chemicals

Some chemicals used with the instrument may be hazardous or may become
hazardous after completion of an analysis.

1

The responsible body
surrounding workplace is safe and that instrument operators are not exposed to
hazardous levels of toxic substances (chemical or biological) as defined in the
applicable national, state, and local health and safety regulations and laws.
Venting for fumes and disposal of wastes must be in accordance with all national,
state, and local health and safety regulations and laws.

 Use, store, and dispose of chemicals in accordance with the manufacturer’s

recommendations and the applicable national, state, and/or local regulations.

 Wear appropriate eye protection at all times while handling chemicals.

Depending on the types of chemicals you are handling, wear safety glasses
with side shields, or goggles, or a full-face shield.

 Wear suitable protective clothing, including gloves if necessary, resistant to

the chemicals you are handling.

must take the necessary precautions to ensure that the

Safety/Regulatory Information

 When preparing chemical solutions, always work in a fume hood that is

suitable for the chemicals you are using.

 Perform sample preparation away from the instrument to minimize corrosion

and contamination.

 Clean up spills immediately using the appropriate equipment and supplies,

such as spill cleanup kits.

 Do not put open containers of solvent near the instrument.

 Store solvents in an approved cabinet (with the appropriate ventilation) away

from the instrument.

1. Definitions from IEC 1010-1:

Responsible body: ‘individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of

equipment, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.’

Operator: ‘person operating equipment for its intended purpose.’

0993-5255

1-9

Safety/Regulatory Information

Waste disposal

Contents of waste containers

The materials that you collect in waste containers may include small amounts of
the substances that were analyzed and other chemicals used in the analyses.
If these materials are toxic, corrosive, or contain organics you may have to treat
the collected effluent as hazardous waste. Refer to your local safety regulations
for proper disposal procedures.

Disposing of defective lamps

Hollow cathode lamps and electrodeless discharge lamps contain small quantities
of the lamp element in a very pure form. If a lamp containing toxic elements
becomes defective or otherwise unusable, you must treat it as hazardous waste
and dispose of it accordingly. A licensed company in the chemical waste disposal
business can provide lamp disposal in accordance with environmental regulatory
requirements. Please note that PerkinElmer does not take back defective lamps for
disposal.
In addition, hollow cathode lamps and deuterium lamps are maintained under
reduced pressure. Handle and dispose of them correctly to minimize the
implosion risk.

1-10

For information, the quantities of analyte material contained in the cathodes of
hollow cathode lamps are listed in the table below:

Quantity of material
in the cathode

less than 5 g

5–10 g

10–15 g Cu, Fe, Hg, Nb, P, Pb, Ti, Tl all other multi-element HCLs

Single-element hollow
cathode lamps

As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Dy, Er,
Eu, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Ho, In, Ir,
K, La, Li, Mg, Na, Nd, Pd, Pr,
Pt. Re, Rh, Ru, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn,
Ta, Tb, Tm, Yb, Y

Ag, Al, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo,
Ni, Sb, Si, Sr, Te, V, W, Zn, Zr

Multi-element hollow
cathode lamps

Na-K, Pt-Ru

Ca-Mg, Ca-Zn, Ag-Au,
Sn-Te, Ca-Mg-Zn, Ca-Mg-Al

For EDLs, the quantity of analyte material used is much less than the quantities
used in HCLs. Typically, only several milligrams of material are placed in the
EDL bulb. No PerkinElmer EDLs (System 1 or 2) contain more than 0.05 g of
analyte material.

0993-5255

UV radiation

You should be aware of the health hazard presented by UV radiation.

 When the instrument is on, do not remove any covers unless specifically

 Always wear UV-absorbing eye protection when viewing any of these

Safety/Regulatory Information

instructed to do so in the guide since otherwise you may be exposed to
potentially hazardous UV radiation.

sources:

– The flame, especially the nitrous oxide/acetylene flame.

– The graphite furnace when it is heated to incandescence.

– Hollow cathode or electrodeless discharge lamps.

– The deuterium background correction lamp.

0993-5255

1-11

Safety/Regulatory Information

High temperatures

Burner system

The flame can generate temperatures of up to 2800 °C.

 Do not touch the burner head until it has cooled to room temperature.

Graphite furnace

The HGA graphite furnace can generate temperatures of up to 3000 C.

 Do not touch any part of the graphite furnace until it has cooled to room

temperature.

 Do not attempt to inject a sample into the graphite tube when the furnace is

hot. You may be subjected to fumes from the sudden vaporization of the
sample, and may damage the pipet.

Quartz tube atomizer cell

The quartz tube atomizer cell (QTA-cell) used for the hydride-generation
technique (option) can reach temperatures of up to 1000 C.

1-12

 Do not touch any part of the heating mantle (electrically heated systems), or

the cell holder (flame-heated systems), or the QTA-cell until they have cooled
to room temperature.

0993-5255

Handling compressed gases

Note: The permanent installation of gas supplies is the responsibility of the user
and should conform to local safety and building regulations.

Summary of gas hazards

Hazards associated with the different gases used in atomic absorption
spectrometry are presented in the table below:

Gas Suffocation Explosion

Air – – –
Argon x – –
Nitrogen x – –
Acetylene

(ethyne, C

Nitrous Oxide
(dinitrogen monoxide, N

2H2

)

2

O)

Safety/Regulatory Information

Spontaneous
Decomposition
or Combustion

xx x

x– x

0993-5255

Contact the gas supplier for a safety data sheet containing detailed information on
the potential hazards associated with the gas.

Warning: Compressed Gases

High pressure gas cylinders can be dangerous if mishandled or misused.

 Always handle gas cylinders with caution and observe your local regulations

for the safe handling of gas cylinders.

Identifying cylinders

 Legibly mark cylinders to clearly identify the contents and status (full, empty,

etc.). Use the chemical name or commercially accepted name for the gas.

1-13

Safety/Regulatory Information

Storing cylinders

 Store cylinders in accordance with the applicable national, state, and/or local

regulations and standards.

 When gas cylinders are stored in confined areas, such as a storage room, make

sure that ventilation is adequate to prevent toxic or explosive accumulations
of gas.
The storage room should be well ventilated and dry. This is particularly
important in confined areas.

 Do not store cylinders near elevators, gangways, or in locations where heavy

moving objects may strike or fall against them.

 Use and store cylinders away from exits and exit routes.

 Locate gas cylinders away from heat sources, including heat lamps.

Compressed gas cylinders should not be subjected to temperatures above
52 °C (125 °F).

 Do not allow ignition sources in the storage area and keep cylinders away

from readily ignitable substances such as gasoline or waste, or combustibles
in bulk, including oil.

1-14

 Store all gas cylinders only in a vertical position, with the valve cap in place,

and fastened securely to an immovable bulkhead or a permanent wall.

 If you are storing cylinders outdoors, store them above ground on a suitable

floor where they are protected against temperature extremes (including the
direct rays of the sun).

0993-5255

Safety/Regulatory Information

Handling cylinders

 Move cylinders with a suitable hand truck after making sure that the valve cap

is securely in place and that the cylinder is properly fastened to the hand truck.

 Use only approved regulators, tubing, and hose connectors.

 Arrange gas hoses where they will not be damaged or stepped on and where

things will not be dropped on them.

 Do not attempt to refill gas cylinders.

 Check the condition of pipes, hoses, and connectors regularly, and replace any

damaged parts.

 Perform periodic gas leak tests at all joints and seals of the gas system by

applying an approved gas leak detection solution.

0993-5255

1-15

Safety/Regulatory Information

Safety practices for flame atomization

Safety interlocks

PerkinElmer provides a number of safety interlocks on the burner system to
monitor gas pressure and check for the proper setup of the burner head, nebulizer,
and drain system. In addition a flame sensor checks that the flame is burning.

 Do not attempt to defeat these interlocks; you may compromise your own, or

someone else’s, safety.

Safe use of burner gases

The seepage of fuel gas or fuel gas mixture from the burner system, the drain
system, the gas control system, or the gas connections constitutes a serious fire
hazard.

 Make sure that there are no breaks or leaks in any of these systems and that

all the seals are correctly installed and in good condition.

 Regularly check for leaks at joints and seals using an approved leak test

solution.

1-16

 When you perform any maintenance or installation procedures, follow the

instructions in the guide exactly.

 Do not attempt to service the gas control system yourself.

A PerkinElmer service engineer, or similarly authorized and trained person,
must perform the work.

 When you shut down the instrument, for example at the end of the working

day, shut all the gas lines at the cylinder or regulator valves. Bleed the lines
between the regulator and instrument to atmosphere before switching off the
ventilation system.

0993-5255

Safety/Regulatory Information

Air supply

An air compressor is recommended for the air supply to the burner system.
Cylinders of compressed air should only be used as an emergency or short-term
solution.

 If you use cylinder air, make sure that it is compressed air and not oxygen-

enriched air (e.g. breathing air); the use of oxygen-enriched air can cause a
flashback of the flame.

 Never use oxygen as the oxidant since this can cause an explosion.

Nitrous oxide

(dinitrogen monoxide, N2O)

 Tubing and fittings carrying nitrous oxide must be free of all oil, grease, and

organic materials.
Spontaneous combustion may occur if nitrous oxide comes into contact with
these materials.

 Use a double-stage or heated regulator for nitrous oxide to prevent freezing of

the diaphragm and a loss of pressure regulation.

0993-5255

 Do not store nitrous oxide in close proximity to flammable gases, such as

acetylene or hydrogen.

1-17

Safety/Regulatory Information

Acetylene

 Always use ‘Atomic Absorption Grade’ acetylene (ethyne) dissolved in

acetone (propan-2-one). This is satisfactory for all PerkinElmer AA
spectrometers.

 Do not store acetylene in close proximity to oxidizing gases, such as nitrous

oxide.

 Use approved tubing and fittings for acetylene. Never use copper fittings

since acetylene forms an explosive compound with copper.

 Prevent acetylene from coming into contact with copper, silver, mercury or

gaseous chlorine.

 Periodically check for the presence of acetylene in the laboratory atmosphere,

especially near the ceiling.

 For acetylene, set an outlet gauge pressure of between 90 kPa and 100 kPa

(0.9–1.0 bar, 13–14.5 psig). Never allow the outlet gauge pressure to exceed
103 kPa (1.03 bar, 15 psig); acetylene can explode spontaneously above this
pressure.

 Solvent Carryover.

If the acetylene cylinder pressure falls to below 600 kPa / 6.0 bar /
87 psig (at 20 °C), some of the solvent used to stabilize the acetylene (such as
acetone) may be carried over into the burner. This could influence the
characteristics of the burner with a resulting influence on the analytical
results.

Change to a new acetylene cylinder when the cylinder pressure falls to below
this value.

1-18

0993-5255

Safety/Regulatory Information

Safe operation of the flame

 Before you ignite the flame make sure that:

– The laboratory fume ventilation system is operating;

– The burner head is installed correctly;

– The burner end cap is secured firmly;

– The fuel and oxidant tubing fittings are properly connected;

– The burner unit contains the necessary solvent-resistant components if

you intend to analyze samples containing organic solvents;

– The atomizer compartment door is closed;

– The pH of the liquid in the drain vessel is greater than pH 10 if you intend

to aspirate cyanide solutions.

 Do not leave the flame unattended. Always make sure that there is a fire

extinguisher near the instrument.

 Never change the gas pressure or shut a gas valve while the flame is burning.

 Do not allow the burner head slot to become blocked. This can cause a

flashback of the flame.

0993-5255

 Do not place open containers of flammable liquids and solvents near to the

flame. Be especially careful with samples that contain highly volatile
solvents.

 When you have analyzed samples containing organic solvents, flush all traces

of solvent from the burner system.

1-19

Safety/Regulatory Information

The drain system

 Always place the drain vessel in a well ventilated place underneath the

spectrometer,
prevents the build-up of potentially hazardous gases, and allows you to see the
liquid level.

 Never use a glass drain vessel.

 Do not kink, fold, or loop the drain tube.

 Never place the drain tube directly into a laboratory sink.

 Empty the drain vessel frequently; especially do not allow the drain vessel to

fill with organic solvent.

 Thoroughly flush the drain system, as described in the guide, when you shut

down the system.

 Check the condition of the drain tube regularly, especially if you use organic

solvents. Replace the drain tube when it first shows signs of cracking or
discoloration.

Flashbacks

in full view while you are working with the spectrometer. This

1-20

A flashback is an explosion of the premixed gases in the spray chamber. The
safety interlocks normally prevent conditions that could cause a flashback, but if
a flashback should ever occur:

 Check that the burner head slot is clean.

 Make sure that you are using compressed air and not oxygen-enriched air.

 Check the flow spoiler or impact bead for damage, and replace any damaged

parts.

 Carefully check and tighten all connections to, and seals on, the burner unit,

and check the gas flow settings before you attempt to ignite the flame.
Seepage of fuel and oxidant from the spray chamber may cause a flashback.

 Check that the burner head is seated correctly.

0993-5255

Safety/Regulatory Information

Hazards with Flame Atomization

Toxic combustion products:

Toxic combustion products can be generated by the system, depending on the
type of analyses being performed.

 You must provide an efficient laboratory ventilation system to remove toxic

products generated during instrument operation.

High temperatures:

The flame can generate temperatures of up to 2800 °C.

 To avoid serious burns, never touch the burner head until it has cooled to

room temperature.

UV radiation:

The flame, especially the nitrous oxide/acetylene flame, emits ultraviolet
radiation.

 Keep the atomizer compartment door closed when the flame is burning and

never directly view the flame unless you are wearing UV-absorbing glasses.

0993-5255

Acetylides:

If you have aspirated high concentrations of copper, silver, or mercury solutions
into an acetylene flame, unstable acetylides may have formed in the spray
chamber. If permitted to dry, these compounds may explode.

 Aspirate solution continuously to prevent residues from drying.

 Thoroughly flush the spray chamber and drain system with water

immediately after such an analysis.

Cyanide solutions:

If you intend to aspirate cyanide solutions, make sure that the pH of the liquid in
the drain vessel is greater than pH 10; toxic hydrogen cyanide gas is formed when
cyanides contact acidic solutions.

 Never allow solutions containing cyanides to mix with acidic solutions.

1-21

Safety/Regulatory Information

Safety practices for electrothermal atomization

Safety interlocks

PerkinElmer provides a number of safety interlocks on the graphite furnace
(electrothermal atomization) system that monitor the gas pressure and the
temperature of certain system components.

 Do not attempt to defeat these interlocks; you may compromise your own, or

someone else’s, safety.

Inert gas

The graphite furnace requires a supply of inert gas. PerkinElmer recommends

argon.

Although nitrogen can be used, it is not recommended for the inert gas supply. At
furnace temperatures above 2300 °C, nitrogen reacts with graphite to form toxic
cyanogen gas (CN)

Safety checks

.

2

1-22

 Before you start an analysis, make sure that:

– The laboratory fume ventilation system is operating;

– The inert gas supply is connected and set to the correct pressure;

– The cooling water supply is turned on;

– The autosampler waste bottle is empty.

0993-5255

Safety/Regulatory Information

Hazards with electrothermal atomization

Toxic products:

Toxic metal vapors, ozone, etc., can be generated by the system, depending on the
type of analyses being performed.

 You must provide an efficient laboratory ventilation system to remove toxic

products generated during instrument operation.

 If you use nitrogen as the inert gas, toxic cyanogen gas (CN)

will be produced

2

when the furnace temperature is above 2300 °C.

High temperatures:

The HGA graphite furnace can generate temperatures of up to 3000 °C

 To avoid serious burns, never touch the graphite components until the furnace

has cooled to room temperature.

 Do not attempt to inject a sample into the graphite tube when the furnace is

hot. You may be subjected to fumes from the sudden vaporization of the
sample, and may damage the pipet.

UV radiation:

The graphite furnace emits ultraviolet radiation when it is heated to
incandescence.

 Never directly view the graphite furnace unless you are wearing UV-

absorbing glasses.

0993-5255

1-23

Safety/Regulatory Information

Safety practices for FIAS and mercury hydride systems

These systems are offered as options for the spectrometer.

Safety checks

 Before you start an analysis, make sure that:

– The laboratory fume ventilation system is operating;

– The tubing in the fluid system is not constricted since this could lead to a

pressure build-up in the system;

– The drain tubing is inserted in the waste container and that this container

is empty.

 If you are using a flame to heat the QTA-cell or if you intend to perform

flame-FIAS analyses, refer to the information under Safety Practices for
Flame Atomization before you ignite the flame.

1-24

0993-5255

Safety/Regulatory Information

Hazards with FIAS and mercury hydride systems

Toxic products:

Toxic metal vapors, etc., can be generated by the system, depending on the type
of analyses being performed.

 You must provide an efficient laboratory ventilation system to remove toxic

products generated during instrument operation.

High temperatures:

The QTA-cell used for the hydride-generation technique can reach temperatures
of up to 1000 C.

 Do not touch any part of the heating mantle (electrically heated systems), or

the cell holder (flame-heated systems), or the QTA-cell until they have cooled
to room temperature.

Hazardous chemicals:

Some of the chemicals required for analyses are corrosive and/or toxic.

 Refer to the information under Safe Handling of Chemicals and to the specific

warnings in the documentation provided with the system before you start an
analysis.

0993-5255

1-25

Safety/Regulatory Information

References for laboratory safety practice

 Bretherik, L., Bretherik’s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 4th ed.,

Butterworth & Co. Ltd., London, UK, 1990.

 Safe Practices in Chemical Laboratories,

Royal Society of Chemistry, London, UK, 1989.

 Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory, 5th edition, Luxon, S.G., ed.,

Royal Society of Chemistry, London, UK, 1992.

 CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety, 3rd edition, Furr, K., ed.,

The Chemical Rubber Co. Press, Florida, USA, 1990.

 Prudent Practices for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories,

National Research Council, National Academic Press, Washington D.C.,
USA, 1981.

 Sax’s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials,

9th edition, Sax, N.I. and Lewis, R.J., eds.,Wiley, New York, USA, 1998.

 Pohanish, R.P. and Greene, S.A., Hazardous Materials Handbook,

Wiley, New York, USA, 1996.

1-26

 Compressed Gas Association, Inc., Arlington, VA 22202, USA, various

publications.

 Data Sheets provided by chemical manufacturers, e.g.:

– USA, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS),
– FRG, DIN-Sicherheitsblätter,
– UK, Hazard Data Sheets.

0993-5255

Regulatory information

IEC 1010 compliance

This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with EN 61010­1:1993 (IEC 1010-1): Safety requirements for electrical equipment for
measurement, control, and laboratory use, including Amendments 1 and 2 to this
standard, and EN 61010-2-061:1996 (IEC 1010-2-061:1995): Particular

requirements for laboratory atomic spectrometers with thermal atomization and
ionization.

Electrical protection

Insulation

Class I as defined in IEC 1010-1.

Installation category

This instrument is able to withstand transient overvoltage according to
Installation Category II as defined in IEC 1010-1 and IEC 664.

Safety/Regulatory Information

0993-5255

Pollution degree

This equipment will operate safely in environments that contain nonconductive
foreign matter and condensation up to Pollution Degree 2 as defined in
IEC 1010-1 and IEC 664.

1-27

Safety/Regulatory Information

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)

European Union (EMC Directives)

This instrument has been designed and tested to meet the requirements of the
EU Directives 89/336/EEC and 92/31/EEC. It complies with the generic EMC
standard EN 61326-1:1997 Electrical equipment for measurement, control, and
laboratory use – EMC requirements – General requirements.

This instrument has passed the following EMC tests:

Emission of conducted

Electromagnetic compatibility

and radiated noise

EN 55011:96
EN 61000-3-2:95
EN 61000-3-3:95

EN61000-4-2:95
EN61000-4-3:95
EN61000-4-4:95
EN61000-4-5:95
EN61000-4-6:96

United States (FCC)

This instrument is classified as a digital device used exclusively as industrial,
commercial, or medical equipment. It is exempt from the technical standards
specified in Part 15 of FCC Rules and Regulations, based on Section 15.103 (c).

Japan (FCC)

This instrument has been tested and found to comply with the limits of a Class A
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is
operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with
the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful
interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at
his own expense. Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the
manufacturer could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

1-28

0993-5255

Symbols used on the instrument

Any of the following symbols can be used on the instrument:

This symbol indicates that there is a potential hazard and that the user must look
in the guide for an explanation of the hazard and how to avoid it.

This symbol indicates the risk of electric shock.

This symbol indicates the risk of hot surfaces.

This symbol indicates the off position of the main power switch or circuit
breaker. With the switch in this position, the instrument is disconnected entirely
from the line power supply.

Safety/Regulatory Information

0993-5255

This symbol indicates the on position of the main power switch or circuit breaker.
With the switch in this position, the instrument is connected to the line power
supply but is not necessarily switched on and operational.

This symbol indicates the operational on/off switch.

This symbol indicates alternating current.

1-29

Safety/Regulatory Information

Warning Markings on the instrument

Warning markings at the front of the spectrometer

A

C A

A

Risk of hot surfaces
Risque de surfaces chaudes
Gefahr durch heisse

Oberflächen

B

Burner system

B

Warning: Moving Parts – Risk of Injury

Some moving parts of the instrument are accessible in normal operation.
Keep hands, clothing and other objects away from the moving parts of the instrument.

Danger: Parties en mouvement – Risque d'accident corporel

Certaines parties en mouvement de l'instrument sont accessibles en fonctionnement normal.
Tenir les mains, vêtements et autres objets éloignés des parties en mouvement de l'instrument.

Warnung: Bewegliche Teile – Verletzungsgefahr

Bei normalem Betrieb sind bewegliche Teile des Geräts zugänglich.
Hände, Kleidung und andere Gegenstände von den beweglichen Teilen des Geräts fernhalten.

C

Nebulizer clamp must be lowered and locked over the nebulizer flange.
La pince du nébuliseur doit être abaissée et verrouillée audessus de la bride du nébuliseur.
Die Zerstäuber-Befestigungsplatte muss nach unten geschoben und über dem Flansch des

Zerstäubers befestigt sein.

1-30

0993-5255

A

Risk of hot surfaces
Risque de surfaces chaudes
Gefahr durch heisse

Oberflächen

Safety/Regulatory Information

A

B

HGA furnace

B

Warning: Moving Parts – Risk of Injury

Some moving parts of the instrument are accessible in normal operation.
Keep hands, clothing and other objects away from the moving parts of the instrument.

Danger: Parties en mouvement – Risque d'accident corporel

Certaines parties en mouvement de l'instrument sont accessibles en fonctionnement normal.
Tenir les mains, vêtements et autres objets éloignés des parties en mouvement de l'instrument.

Warnung: Bewegliche Teile – Verletzungsgefahr

Bei normalem Betrieb sind bewegliche Teile des Geräts zugänglich.
Hände, Kleidung und andere Gegenstände von den beweglichen Teilen des Geräts fernhalten.

0993-5255

1-31

Safety/Regulatory Information

A

Warning markings on the rear panel

Furnace Gases

Gaz du Four

Ofengase

P

P

min

max

350

400

kPa

3.5

4.0

bar

Ar / N

50.0

58.0

psig

2

Special Gas

Normal Ga s

Gaz Spécial

Gaz Normal

Spezialgas

Normalg as

Burner Gases
Gaz du Bruleur
Brennergase

P

P

minPminPmin

maxPmaxPmax

kPa

100

90

450

500

kPa

450

500

kPa

4.5

5.0

bar

bar

1.0

0.9

4.5

5.0

bar

65.0

72.5

psig

psig

14.5

13.0

65.0

72.5

psig

CH22NO

Air / Luft

2

HO

Furnace Cooling

Refroidissement du Four

Ofenkühl un g

Instrument

Communic ati on

230 V
50/60 Hz

230 V
50/60 Hz

Cooling System
Système de Refroidissement
Umlaufkühlung

InIn
EntréeEntrée
EingangEingang

P

P

PP

min

2

max

250

350

kPa

2.5

3.5

bar

36

50

psig

0

OutOut

SortieSortie

AusgangAu sgang

230 V

230 V

50/60 Hz

50/60 Hz

F4
4 A (T)F34 A (T)F24 A (T)F14 A (T)

I

LR 45111SA***

Warning

ll field wiring must have insula tion

suitable for at least 300 V

Avertissement

Le cablage à pied d 'ou vre doi t êtr e
certifiés pour un mini m um de 30 0 V

D

F3
4 A (T)

230 V
50/60 Hz

F4
4 A (T)

230 V

50/60 Hz

F1

230 V

50/60 Hz

4 A (T)

E

Coo ling Sy stem
Système de Refroidissement
Umlaufkühlung

F2
4 A (T)

230 V
50/60 Hz

D

Power outlets

Power outlets for a printer, computer, or monitor.
Only connect a printer, a computer, or a monitor to the respective outlet when the

instrument requires 230 V, 50/60 Hz.

E

Cooling system outlet

Connect the cooling system to this power outlet only.
Do not connect the cooling system to any other supply.
Do not connect other equipment to this power outlet.

1-32

0993-5255

Safety/Regulatory Information

A

A

Burner Gases

Gaz du Bruleur

Brennergase

Furnace Cool ing

Refroidissement du Four

Ofenkühlung

P

P

min

Instrument

Communication

230 V

230 V

230 V

50/60 Hz

50/60 Hz

50/60 Hz

F4

230 V
50/60 Hz

Cooling Sy st em
Système de Re froi diss emen t
Umlaufkühl ung

0

OutOut

InIn

SortieSortie

EntréeEntrée

AusgangAusgang

EingangEingang

HO

P

PP

P

min

max

2

350

kPa

250

3.5

bar

2.5
50

psig

36

4 A (T)F34 A (T)F24 A (T)F14 A (T)

I

LR 45111SA***

Warning

ll field wiring must have insulation
suitable for at least 300 V

Avertissement

Le cablage à pied d'ouvre doit être
certifiés pour un minimum de 300 V

Furnace Gases
Gaz du Four

Ofengase

P

P

min

max

350

400

kPa

3.5

4.0

bar

Ar / N

2

50.0

58.0

psig

Special Gas

Normal Gas
Gaz Normal

Gaz Spécial
Spezialgas

Normalgas

Burner Gases
Gaz du Bruleur
Brennergas e

P

P

minPminPmin

maxPmaxPmax

90

100

kPa

450

500

kPa

450

500

kPa

4.5

5.0

bar

0.9

1.0

bar

4.5

5.0

bar

65.0

72.5

psig

13.0

14.5

psig

65.0

72.5

psig

CH22NO

Air / Luft

2

F

450

4.5

65.0

max

500

5.0

72.5

ir / Luft

kPa
bar
psig

P

minPmax

450

4.5

65.0

NO

500

5.0

72.5

2

kPa
bar
psig

P

minPmax

90

0.9

13.0

CH

100

1.0

14.5

22

kPa
bar
psig

F

Burner Gases
Never set the outlet pressure to a value exceeding the maximum pressure (P

Warning: Acetylene – Explosion Hazard

Acetylene can decompose explosively at pressures higher than 103 kPa / 1.03 bar / 15 psig.
Always make sure that the acetylene outlet gauge pressure is below this value.

Danger: Acétylène – Risque d'explosion

L'acétylène peut se décomposer de manière explosive à des pressions supérieures à
103 kPa / 1.03 bar / 15 psig.
Toujours vérifier que la pression de l'acétylène sur le manomètre de sortie est inférieure à cette valeur.

Warnung: Acetylen – Explosionsgefahr

Stellen Sie für Acetylen keinen höheren Ausgangsdruck als 103 kPa (1,03 bar) ein.
Bei höheren Drücken kann Acetylen spontan zerfallen und explodieren

max

).

Warning: Flashback Hazard

PerkinElmer burner systems are designed for use with compressed air. The use of oxygen can cause an
explosion in the burner system, and oxygen-enriched air can cause a flashback of the flame.
Never use oxygen or oxygen-enriched air with PerkinElmer burner systems. Use only compressed air.

Danger: Risque de retour de flamme

Les systèmes de brûleurs PerkinElmer sont conçus pour être utilisés avec de l'air comprimé.
L'utilisation d'oxygène peut provoquer une explosion dans le système de brûleur, et l'air suroxygéné peut
provoquer un retour de flamme.
Ne jamais utiliser d'oxygène ou d'air suroxygéné avec les systèmes de brûleurs PerkinElmer. N'utiliser
que l'air comprimé.

Warnung: Sauerstoff und mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft

Verwenden Sie für PerkinElmer Brenner nur Druckluft. Sauerstoff oder sogenannte ‘Atemluft’ sind nicht
zulässig. Bei Verwendung von Sauerstoff besteht Explosionsgefahr. Mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft
kann einen Flammenrückschlag verursachen.

0993-5255

1-33

Safety/Regulatory Information

A

HO

Furnace Cooling

Refroidissement du Four

Ofenkühl un g

Instrument

Communic ati on

230 V
50/60 Hz

230 V
50/60 Hz

Cooling System
Système de R ef roid i ssem en t
Umlaufkühlung

0

InIn

OutOut

EntréeEntrée

SortieSortie

EingangEingang

AusgangAu sgang

P

P

PP

min

max

2

250

350

kPa

2.5

3.5

bar

36

50

psig

230 V

230 V

50/60 Hz

50/60 Hz

F4
4 A (T)F34 A (T)F24 A (T)F14 A (T)

I

Warning LR 45111SA***

ll field wiring must hav e ins ula tion
suitable for at least 300 V

Avertissement

Le cablage à pied d'ouvre doi t être

certifiés pour un mi nim um de 30 0 V

Furnace Gases

Gaz du Four

Ofengase

P

min

P

max

350

400

kPa

3.5

4.0

bar

Ar / N

2

50.0

58.0

psig

Special Gas

Normal Ga s

Gaz Spécial

Gaz Normal

Spezialgas

Normalg as

Burner Gases
Gaz du Bruleur
Brennergase

P

P

minPminPmin

maxPmaxPmax

kPa

kPa

100

500

kPa

90

450

450

500

bar

bar

1.0

5.0

bar

0.9

4.5

4.5

5.0
psig

psig

14.5

72.5

psig

13.0

65.0

65.0

72.5

CH22NO

Air / Luf t

2

Warning
Disconnect supply before servicing
Avertissement
Couper l’alimentation avant l’entretien

Warning
All field wiring must have insulation
suitable for at least 300 V
Avertissement
Le cablage à pied d’ouvre doit être
certifiés pour un minimum de 300 V

1-34

0993-5255

Safety/Regulatory Information

Warning markings on the deuterium lamp cover

The warning markings below are visible when you open the top cover of the
spectrometer.

D

2

High Temperatures – Risk of Burns

The lamp is hot.

Températures élevées

La lampe est chaude.

Verbrennungsgefahr

Die Lampe ist heiß.

UV

0993-5255

UV Radiation – Risk of Eye Damage

The lamp emits intense UV radiation which can damage your eyes.
Do not gaze into a lighted lamp.

Rayonnement UV

La lampe émet un rayonnement UV intense susceptible de provoquer des lésions oculaires.
Ne pas regarder fixement une lampe allumée.

UV-Strahlung – Gefährdung der Augen

Die Lampe emittiert starke UV-Strahlung und kann dadurch Augenschäden verursachen.
Nicht mit ungeschützten Augen direkt in die leuchtende Lampe schauen.

Electrical Hazard

The deuterium lamp operates at high voltage.
To avoid electrical shock, disconnect the line power cord before opening the cover.

Risque d’électrocution

Pout éviter les chocs électriques, débrancher le cordon d’alimentation avant d’ouvrir
le couvercle.

Gefährdung durch elektrischen Strom

Die Deuteriumlampe benötigt zum Betrieb gefährlich hohe Spannung.
Um elektrischen Stromschlag zu vermeiden, ziehen Sie die Netzanschlußleitung
bevor Sie die Abdeckung öffnen.

1-35

Safety/Regulatory Information

1-36

0993-5255

Spectrometer Installation

2Spectrometer Installation

Marker for header

2

Contents

Before you install the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Moving and reinstalling the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Preparing the spectrometer to be moved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Moving the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Reinstalling the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

Connecting the burner gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

Connecting the furnace gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

To connect the drain system to the burner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15

To install the furnace autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15

Connecting cooling sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

Electrical connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22

page

0993-5255

2-1

Spectrometer Installation

2-2

0993-5255

Before you install the spectrometer

When the spectrometer arrives

 Check the exterior of the shipping crate for obvious signs of damage. If the

crate has been damaged, file a claim with the authorized carrier immediately
and inform your nearest PerkinElmer office.

 Contact your local PerkinElmer office to arrange for the installation.

Before the service engineer arrives

 You must prepare a suitable site for the spectrometer and any accessories.

See Chapter 6, Laboratory Requirements, and the guides for any accessories.

 You must make sure that the fume ventilation system and the necessary gas

supply lines and regulators are installed.

 Although you should not perform the initial installation yourself, we

recommend that you read the installation instructions to learn about the
spectrometer and its requirements before you start using it.
These instructions are also provided in case you need to alter any of the
connections or move the instrument.

Spectrometer Installation

0993-5255

When the service engineer arrives

 The service engineer will remove the spectrometer from the crate and check

that all parts have been delivered. If anything is missing or damaged, the
service engineer will make sure that the respective parts are supplied.

 The service engineer will remove the shipping locks, perform pre-installation

checks, install the spectrometer, and make sure that everything functions
correctly.

2-3

Spectrometer Installation

Moving and reinstalling the spectrometer

We recommend that only a PerkinElmer service engineer or a PerkinElmer
trained and authorized person moves and reinstalls the spectrometer.
Should you attempt to do this yourself, PerkinElmer cannot be held responsible
for any damage or malfunctioning of the spectrometer.
The instructions here are primarily intended for occasions where you may want
to move the spectrometer
Read the instructions carefully and be sure you understand them thoroughly
before you attempt to move the spectrometer. Read the detailed information given
in the relevant sections of this chapter before you reinstall the spectrometer.
If you intend to transport the spectrometer over a longer distance, contact your
local PerkinElmer office since internal shipping locks must be set via the service
software, inside the spectrometer.

Preparing the spectrometer to be moved

1. Close the AA WinLab application, then shut down the Windows operating
system.

short distances to a new location within the laboratory.

2-4

2. Switch off the spectrometer, computer and all the accessories.

3. Disconnect all the electrical cables.

4. Remove the furnace autosampler from the spectrometer (see ‘Removing the
autosampler from the spectrometer’ in the Graphite Furnace User’s Guide).

5. Disconnect the burner gas supplies.

6. Disconnect the drain system from the burner.

7. Disconnect the furnace gas supplies.

8. Disconnect the cooling water supply.

9. Prepare the computer and other system components for transport as described
in their own guides.

10. Attach the original handles securely. Only use the original handles and
screws.

Note: Make sure that the handles are properly secure before you move the
spectrometer.

0993-5255

Moving the spectrometer

Spectrometer Installation

Warning: Risk of injury through lifting

W1.4

The instrument weighs approximately 150 kg.
Improper lifting can cause painful and sometimes permanent back injury.

 Use proper lifting techniques and always use the handles to lift or move the

instrument.

Caution: Risk of damage to the instrument

The spectrometer is a precision optical instrument. Move the spectrometer very
carefully and protect it from vibrations and jolts. Do not tilt the spectrometer.
If the spectrometer must be tilted or mechanically lifted, contact your PerkinElmer
service representative before moving the spectrometer. The shipping locks must
be properly secured to prevent any damage occurring if the spectrometer is tilted
or jolted.

Carefully lift the spectrometer onto a movable table to transport it to the new
location.

0993-5255

2-5

Spectrometer Installation

Reinstalling the spectrometer

Reinstall the spectrometer by following exactly the procedures described in this
chapter, as summarized in the steps below:

1. Prepare the new site for the spectrometer; see Chapter 6, Laboratory
Requirements.
Make sure that there will be enough space at the rear and sides of the
spectrometer system for air to circulate freely.

2. Remove the handles. Save the handles and screws.
Insert the plastic plugs provided (B015-3803) into the screw holes.

3. Connect the burner and furnace gas supplies.

4. Connect the drain system to the burner.

5. Install the furnace autosampler.

6. Connect the cooling water supply.

7. Make sure that the main power switches of all the instruments are in the off
position, then connect the electrical cables.

2-6

0993-5255

Connecting the burner gases

The connectors for the burner gases are located on the rear panel of the
spectrometer.

What you need to provide:

 Suitable supplies of acetylene, air, and nitrous oxide. The gases must conform

with the requirements listed in Chapter 6, Laboratory Requirements.

 Suitable pressure regulators and on/off valves near to the spectrometer for the

gas supplies.

The gas supply systems must comply with your local safety regulations.
Refer also to the information given in Chapter 1, Safety and Regulatory
Information.

Spectrometer Installation

Warning: Flashback Hazard

PerkinElmer burner systems are designed for use with compressed air. The use
of oxygen can cause an explosion in the burner system, and oxygen-enriched air
can cause a flashback of the flame.

 Never use oxygen or oxygen-enriched air with PerkinElmer burner systems.

Use only compressed air.

W5.9

What is provided with the spectrometer:

Gas hose assemblies for acetylene, air, and nitrous oxide.



The fittings on the gas hose assemblies are suitable for connection to most
commercially available pressure regulators. These are R 3/8'' standard
threaded fittings. The fuel (acetylene) fitting has a left-hand thread, while the
oxidant (air, nitrous oxide) fittings have right-hand threads.
If you require an adapter for your regulator, contact the gas supplier or the
regulator manufacturer, or your local PerkinElmer office.

0993-5255

2-7

Spectrometer Installation

To connect the gases

Refer to Figure 2-1 when you connect the burner gases.

Air

1. Make sure that the air supply is turned off.

2. Use the black hose assembly to connect a source of clean, dry, and filtered air
to the fitting labelled

Nitrous oxide

1. Make sure that the nitrous oxide supply is turned off.

Air/Luft on the rear panel of the spectrometer.

2. Use the blue N
oxide to the fitting labelled

Acetylene

O hose assembly to connect a source of clean, dry nitrous

2

N2O on the rear panel of the spectrometer.

1. Make sure that the acetylene supply is turned off.

2. Use the red C
the fitting labelled

hose assembly to connect a source of clean, dry acetylene to

2H2

C2H2 on the rear panel of the spectrometer.

2-8

0993-5255

Furnace Cooling

A

Refroidissement du Four

Ofenkühlung

Spectrometer Installation

Instrument

Communication

230 V

230 V

230 V

50/60 Hz

50/60 Hz

50/60 Hz

F4

230 V
50/60 Hz

Cooling System
Système de Refroidissement
Umlaufkühlung

InIn
EntréeEntrée
EingangEingang

HO

P

PP

P

min

max

2

350

250

3.5

2.5
50

36

0

OutOut
SortieSortie

AusgangAusgang

kPa
bar
psig

4 A (T)F34 A (T)F24 A (T)F14 A (T)

I

Warning

LR 45111SA***

ll field wiring must have i nsulation
suitable for at least 300 V

Avertissement

Le cablage à pied d'ouv re doit être
certifiés pour un minimum de 300 V

Furnace Gases

Gaz du Four
Ofengase

P

P

min

max

350

400

kPa

3.5

4.0

bar

Ar / N

2

50.0

58.0

psig

Normal Gas

Speci al G as
Gaz Spécial

Gaz Normal

Spezialgas

Normalgas

Burner Gases
Gaz du Bruleur
Brennergase

P

P

minPminPmin

maxPmaxPmax

90

100

kPa

450

500

kPa

450

500

kPa

4.5

5.0

bar

0.9

1.0

bar

4.5

5.0

bar

65.0

72.5

psig

13.0

14.5

psig

65.0

72.5

psig

CH22NO

Air / Luft

2

Air

Nitrous oxide: N2O

Acetylene: C2H

Figure 2-1. Connecting the Burner Gases

Air/Luft

NO

2

CH

22

Black (B015-4987)

Blue (B015-4990)

Red (B015-4984)

2

0993-5255

2-9

Spectrometer Installation

Connecting the furnace gases

The connectors for the furnace gases are located on the rear panel of the
spectrometer.

Note: The furnace will operate correctly only if there is gas pressure at both the
Normal Gas and Special Gas inlets. If you are using an inert gas only you must
connect the gas to both inlets using the Y-connector.

What you need to provide:



A suitable supply of argon (or nitrogen) and if necessary a suitable supply of
a special gas. The gases must conform with the requirements listed in Chapter
6, Laboratory Requirements.

 Suitable pressure regulators and on/off valves near to the spectrometer for the

inert and special gas supplies.

 A tube cutter for the special gas tube. This is an optional accessory; Part No.

0992-3183.

The gas supply systems must comply with your local safety regulations.
Refer also to the information given under Chapter 1, Safety and Regulatory
Information.

2-10

What is provided with the spectrometer:

 About 10 m of special gas tube, B050-8264.

 A Y-connector with automatic push-fit connectors, 0992-0179.

 Two screw connectors, R ¼'' for the gas regulator. These are not supplied with

all instrument versions.

0993-5255

Spectrometer Installation

To connect argon (or nitrogen) only

Refer to Figure 2-2 on the following page when you connect the furnace gas.

1. Make sure that the argon (or nitrogen) supply is turned off.

2. Use the special tube cutter to cut two, 10 cm lengths of tube from the special
gas tube. The ends of the tubes must be cut squarely.

3. Connect the long gas tube to the argon (or nitrogen) pressure regulator. Use
the R ¼'' screw connector provided or use a connector or adapter suitable for
the gas regulator. Make sure that all the connections are secure.

4. Pass the gas tube to the rear of the spectrometer. Make sure that it cannot be
damaged or strained.

5. Push the two short tubes and the long tube into the connectors on the Y­connector as shown on the following page.

6. Push the free ends of the two short gas tubes into the

connectors on the manifold as shown.

Gas

Normal Gas and Special

Push the tubes into the connectors until the tubes butt up to the end of the
connector.

Note: To disconnect the gas tube from a connector:
Carefully push the black locking ring of the connector into the connector and
pull the tube out of the connector.

0993-5255

2-11

Spectrometer Installation

A

Instrument

Communication

230 V
50/60 Hz

230 V
50/60 Hz

Cooling System
Système de Refroidissement
Umlaufkühlung

I

0

OutOut
SortieSortie

AusgangAusgang

kPa
bar
psig

Furnace Cooling

Refroidissement du Four

Ofenkühlung

InIn
EntréeEntrée
EingangEingang

HO

P

PP

P

min

max

2

250

350

2.5

3.5

36

50

Black locking ring

Black locking ring

Furnace Gases

Gaz du Four

Ofengase

P

P

min

230 V

230 V

50/60 Hz

50/60 Hz

F4
4 A (T)F34 A (T)F24 A (T)F14 A (T)

Warning

LR 45111SA***

ll field wiring must have i nsulation
suitable for at least 300 V

Avertissement

Le cablage à pied d'ouv re doit être
certifiés pour un minimum de 300 V

max

350

400

kPa

3.5

4.0

bar

Ar / N

2

50.0

58.0

psig

Speci al G as

Normal Gas
Gaz Normal

Gaz Spécial

Normalgas

Spezialgas

Burner Gases
Gaz du Bruleur
Brennergase

P

P

minPminPmin

maxPmaxPmax

90

100

kPa

450

500

kPa

450

500

kPa

4.5

5.0

bar

0.9

1.0

bar

4.5

5.0

bar

65.0

72.5

psig

13.0

14.5

psig

65.0

72.5

psig

CH22NO

Air / Luft

2

Y-connector

Argon

(or nitrogen)

Figure 2-2. Connecting Argon (or Nitrogen) only

2-12

0993-5255

Spectrometer Installation

To connect both argon and a special gas

Refer to Figure 2-3 on the following page when you connect the furnace gases.

1. Make sure that the gas supplies are turned off.

2. Use the special tube cutter to cut the special gas tube into two pieces for the
two gas supplies. The ends of the tubes must be cut squarely.

3. Connect the gas tubes to the argon (or nitrogen) and special gas pressure
regulators. Use the R ¼'' screw connectors provided or use a connector or
adapter suitable for the gas regulator. Make sure that all the connections are
secure.

4. Pass the gas tubes to the rear of the spectrometer. Make sure that they cannot
be damaged or strained.

5. Push the free ends of the gas supply tubes into the

Gas

connectors on the manifold as shown.
Push the tubes into the connectors until the tubes butt up to the end of the
connector.

Note: To disconnect the gas tube from a connector:
Carefully push the black locking ring of the connector into the connector and
pull the tube out of the connector.

Normal Gas and Special

0993-5255

2-13

Spectrometer Installation

A

Instrument

Communication

230 V
50/60 Hz

230 V
50/60 Hz

Cooling System
Système de Refroidissement
Umlaufkühlung

I

0

OutOut
SortieSortie
AusgangAusgang

kPa
bar
psig

Furnace Cooling

Refroidissement du Four

Ofenkühlung

InIn
EntréeEntrée
EingangEingang

HO

P

PP

P

min

max

2

350

250

3.5

2.5
50

36

Black locking ring

Furnace Gases

Gaz du Four

Ofengase

P

P

min

230 V

230 V

50/60 Hz

50/60 Hz

F4
4 A (T)F34 A (T)F24 A (T)F14 A (T)

Warning

LR 45111SA***

ll field wiring must have i nsulation
suitable for at least 300 V

Avertissement

Le cablage à pied d'ouv re doit être
certifiés pour un minimum de 300 V

max

350

400

kPa

3.5

4.0

bar

Ar / N

2

50.0

58.0

psig

Speci al G as

Normal Gas
Gaz Normal

Gaz Spécial

Normalgas

Spezialgas

Burner Gases
Gaz du Bruleur
Brennergase

P

P

minPminPmin

maxPmaxPmax

90

100

kPa

450

500

kPa

450

500

kPa

4.5

5.0

0.9

bar

1.0

bar

4.5

5.0

bar

65.0

72.5

13.0

psig

14.5

psig

65.0

72.5

psig

CH22NO

Air / Luft

2

Special gas

Argon

(or nitrogen)

Figure 2-3. Connecting Argon (or Nitrogen) and a Special Gas

2-14

0993-5255

To connect the drain system to the burner

Procedures for connecting the drain system to the burner are described in
Maintaining the drain system in the Burner System User’s Guide.

To install the furnace autosampler

Procedures for demounting and reinstalling the furnace autosampler are described
in Installing the furnace autosampler in the Graphite Furnace User’s Guide.

Spectrometer Installation

0993-5255

2-15

Spectrometer Installation

Connecting cooling sources

Installing the cooling system

PerkinElmer offers a recirculating cooling system as an option for the
spectrometer system. This cooling system includes a pressure-sensitive safety
device that switches off the pump if the internal pressure in the circulatory system
increases to above a safe value (see ‘Cooling the furnace’ in the Graphite
Furnace User’s Guide).

Connecting and disconnecting the water hoses

The inlet and outlet hoses are permanently attached to the cooling system. They
have automatic connectors which are marked with the direction of the water flow.

1. Place the cooling system in a convenient position

on the floor underneath

the spectrometer. Do not place the cooling system on the same bench as the
spectrometer since vibrations can adversely influence the spectrometer.

Make sure that:

– You can reach the on/off switch at the rear.

– There is space at the rear and sides of the cooling system for air to

circulate freely.

– There is space to remove the stopper and fill the system.

– You can see the water level indicator.

2. Pass the two hoses from the cooling system to the rear of the spectrometer.
Make sure they are not strained.

3. Push the hose connectors onto the correct fittings on the spectrometer as
shown on the following page.
The connectors are spring loaded. Push them straight onto the fittings until
they click into place.

Note: To disconnect the water hoses:
Carefully pull the knurled locking ring down slightly, to release the lock, and
pull the connector off the fitting on the spectrometer.

2-16

0993-5255

Spectrometer Installation

A

A

Locating the cooling system

Connecting the hoses

WATER IN

Furnace Cooling

Refroidissement du Four

Ofenkühlung

InIn
EntréeEntrée

EingangEingang

HO

P

P

min

2

250

2.5
36

Cooling System

Instrument

Communication

230 V
50/60 Hz

230 V
50/60 Hz

Cooling System
Système de Refroidissement
Umlaufkühlung

I

0

OutOut
SortieSortie
AusgangAusgang

PP

max

350

kPa

3.5

bar

50

psig

WATER OUT

Furnace Gases
Gaz du Four

Ofengase

P

P

min

max

350

400

230 V

230 V

50/60 Hz

50/60 Hz

F4
4 A (T)F34 A (T)F24 A (T)F14 A (T)

LR 45111SA***

Warning

ll field wiring must have insulation
suitable for at least 300 V

LR 45111SA***

Warning

Disconnect supply before servicing

vertissement

Le cablage à pied d'ouvre doit être

Avertissement

certifiés pour un minimum de 300 V

Couper l'alimentation avant l'entretien

kPa

3.5

4.0

bar

Ar / N

2

50.0

58.0

psig

Specia l G as

Normal Gas

Gaz Spécial

Gaz Normal

Spezialgas

Normalgas

Burner Gases
Gaz du Bru leu r
Brennergas e

P

P

minPminPmin

maxPmaxPmax

450

500

kPa

90

100

kPa

450

500

kPa

4.5

5.0

bar

0.9

1.0

bar

4.5

5.0

bar

65.0

72.5

psig

13.0

14.5

psig

65.0

72.5

psig

CH22NO

Air / Luft

2

Figure 2-4. Connecting the Cooling System

0993-5255

2-17

Spectrometer Installation

Filling the cooling system

The cooling system is self-priming; air in the system is removed automatically as
the cooling system operates. The coolant is a 1:10 solution of glycerol in water
(1 part glycerol plus 9 parts water).

Note: The cooling system contains 0.5 L glycerol when it leaves the factory.
(See ‘Cooling system maintenance procedures’ in the Graphite Furnace User’s
Guide for the procedure to follow when you empty and refill the cooling system.
Do not use antifreeze.)

.

1. Remove the stopper from the top of the
cooling system – twist and pull.

2. Fill the system to the
sediment-free drinking water – about

4.5 L.
Do not use deionized water since this can
cause corrosion.

3. Replace the stopper securely.

Max mark with

Max

Min

2-18

Water level indicator

0993-5255

Spectrometer Installation

Connecting external cooling sources

If you intend to run the spectrometer system without the PerkinElmer cooling
system, you must connect another suitable source of cooling, such as the main
water supply or a laboratory thermostat. If you connect the spectrometer system
to the main water supply, make sure that the water pressure is as given in Table
2-1.

Pressure
relief valve

Drain hose

Flow
indicator

0993-5255

Water In

Water Out

Figure 2-5. Connecting the Main Water Supply

A water hose kit with pressure relief valve is provided with the spectrometer
system which you must install in the water supply line to the spectrometer. This
valve opens if the water pressure to the furnace system exceeds 4 bar. This feature
eliminates the risk of damage to the furnace system through excess water
pressure.

The cooling water must conform with the requirements listed in ‘External
cooling’ on page 6-16.

2-19

Spectrometer Installation

Caution Water Pressure – Leaking hose fittings or burst water hoses

If the water inlet pressure is too high, hose fittings may leak or hoses may even
burst.

 For reliable and safe operation, you must install the pressure relief valve kit

B313-0124 in the water supply line.

The hoses provided in the kit are fitted with automatic connectors that incorporate
stop valves; these valves prevent water from running out when the hoses are dis­connected. The hoses are marked with the direction of the water flow.

Table 2-1. Pressure for the Cooling Water Supply

Outlet Pressure

P

min

P

max

250 350 kPa

2.5 3.5 bar

36 50 psig

 Check the water pressure to your laboratory and make sure that the water inlet

pressure is set to a value between the minimum value (P
maximum value (P

max

).

) and the

min

 Make sure that the outlet pressure is never set to a value exceeding the

maximum pressure (P

1. The PerkinElmer service engineer will connect the pressure relief valve to the
water tap (faucet).

2. Make sure that the drain hose from the pressure relief valve hangs down into
a suitable laboratory sink or drain.

3. Connect the inlet hose (marked
pressure relief valve.

4. Connect the other end of the inlet hose to the

In on the spectrometer.

The connectors are spring loaded. Push them straight onto the fittings until
they click into place.

max

).

WATER IN) to the fitting at the bottom of the

Furnace Cooling fitting marked

2-20

0993-5255

Spectrometer Installation

A

A

5. Connect the outlet hose (marked WATER OUT) to the Furnace Cooling
fitting marked

Out on the spectrometer.

Note: To disconnect the water hoses:
Carefully pull the knurled locking ring down slightly, to release the lock, and
pull the connector off the fitting on the spectrometer.

6. We recommend that you fit a proprietary flow indicator in the outlet hose so
that you can easily monitor that cooling water is flowing.

7. Place the free end of the outlet hose in a suitable laboratory sink or drain.
Make sure that the hose cannot slip out.

Pressure relief valve

HO

2

Furnace Cooling

Refroidissement du Four

Ofenkühlung

Connect the ‘Water In’
hose to this fitting

Water In Water Out

Figure 2-6. Connecting Cooling Water Hoses

Instrument

Communication

230 V

230 V

230 V

50/60 Hz

50/60 Hz

50/60 Hz

F4

230 V
50/60 Hz

Cooling System
Système de Refroidissement
Umlaufkühlung

InIn
EntréeEntrée
EingangEingang

P

P

PP

min

max

350

250

3.5

2.5
50

36

0

OutOut
SortieSortie
AusgangAusgang

kPa
bar
psig

4 A (T)F34 A (T)F24 A (T)F14 A (T)

I

LR 45111SA***

Warning

ll field wiring must have insulation
suitable for at least 300 V

LR 45111SA***

Warning

Disconnect supply before servicing

vertissement

Le cablage à pied d'ouvre doit être

Avertissement

certifiés pour un minimum de 300 V

Couper l'alimentation avant l'entretien

Furnace Gases

Gaz du Four

Ofengase

P

P

min

max

350

400

kPa

3.5

4.0

bar

Ar / N

2

50.0

58.0

psig

Special Ga s

Normal Gas

Gaz Spécial

Gaz Normal

Spezialgas

Normalgas

Burner Gases

Gaz du Bruleur

Brennergase

P

P

minPminPmin

maxPmaxPmax

90

450

500

450

100

kPa

500

kPa

kPa

0.9

4.5

5.0

4.5

1.0

bar

5.0

bar

bar

13.0

65.0

72.5

65.0

14.5

psig

72.5

psig

psig

CH22NO

Air / Luft

2

0993-5255

2-21

Spectrometer Installation

Electrical connections

Warning: Electrical Hazard

 To prevent potential injury to yourself and damage to the instrument, switch

OFF all instruments in the system and disconnect them from the line power
supply before you perform the procedures described below.

Read the following instructions very carefully before connecting any cables.

See Chapter 6, Laboratory Requirements for the specification of the line power
supply.

Summary

1. Make sure that the spectrometer and the cooling system (where applicable)
are switched off.

2. Switch the circuit breaker on the rear panel of the spectrometer to the off
position (marked ).

3. Switch off the computer and all other instruments that you will connect to the
spectrometer or computer. See the guides for the individual instruments for
the procedure to use.

4. Disconnect the line power cords of the spectrometer and all other instruments
from the line power supply.

5. Connect the instrument control cables and power cords as shown on the
following page.

6. When you have completed all connections, switch on the system (see
‘Switching on the system’, page 3-3).

W2.3

2-22

0993-5255

Computer

Connections panel
on the rear of the
spectrometer

Instrument

Communication

230 V

230 V

50/60 Hz

50/60 Hz

I

0

Monitor

F2
4 A (T)

230 V
50/60 Hz

Cooling System
Système de R efroidiss ement
Umlaufkühlung

F1
4 A (T)

Spectrometer Installation

230 V
50/60 Hz

F3
4 A (T)

F4
4 A (T)

Use these power
outlets only if the
computer and
printer require
230 V

Spectrometer
line power cord

Communication
cable

Printer

0993-5255

Cooling
system

Connect to the outlets at the rear of the
spectrometer or to a suitable line power supply
that uses the same protective ground (earth) as
the line power supply to the spectrometer

Figure 2-7. Electrical Connections

Communication
interface

2-23

Spectrometer Installation

2-24

0993-5255

Preparing the System for Analyses

3Preparing the System for Analyses

Marker for header

3

Contents

Switching on the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Installing lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Installing sample trays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Shutting down the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

Emergency shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

page

0993-5255

3-1

Preparing the System

3-2

0993-5255

Switching on the system

1. Read the safety information at the front of this guide before you operate the
system.

2. Make sure that the spectrometer system and other ancillary instruments are
correctly installed and connected to their power supplies.
Make sure that the coolant hoses are connected correctly to the spectrometer.
Where applicable, make sure that the cooling system is filled to the
mark (see ‘Filling the cooling system’, page 2-18).

3. Switch on the fume ventilation system for the work area.

4. Turn on the burner gases and adjust the outlet gauge pressures to the
recommended values (see Table 3-1 on page 3-5).
Always set the same outlet gauge pressure for air and nitrous oxide.

5. Turn on the inert (and special) gas for the furnace and adjust the outlet gauge
pressures to the recommended values (see Table 3-2 on page 3-6).

Note: You must always turn on the air supply since air pressure is required for
the internal pneumatic system. If you intend to work with only one atomizer, you
only need to additionally turn on the gas supplies for that atomizer.

6. Turn on the cooling water to the system:

1. If you are using the circulatory cooling system, switch it on by pressing

the power switch located on the rear panel.

You can leave this switch permanently in the on position since power is supplied
by the spectrometer.

2. If you are using the main water supply, set a flowrate of approximately

2.5 L/min.

Note: If the water is too cold or flowing too fast, moisture may condense
on the graphite contacts or on the furnace windows. Moisture on the
graphite contacts leads to shorter lifetimes of the graphite tube and
contacts, while moisture on the windows leads to a reduction in the
radiant energy.

7. Switch the circuit breaker on the rear panel of the spectrometer to the on
position (marked ).

You can leave this switch permanently in the on position during routine operation;
you switch the spectrometer system on and off via the operational on/off switch
located on the front panel.

Preparing the System

Max

0993-5255

3-3

Preparing the System

8. Switch on the computer.

9. Install a Lumina hollow cathode lamp in any holder in the lamp compartment

10. Switch on the spectrometer system with the operational on/off switch located

11. If you need the diluter, autosampler, or flow injection system, switch on the

12. If you have changed the configuration of the system, such as installed a

13. Start AA WinLab: In the AA WinLab group, double click on the AA WinLab

14. Set up the various parts of the system:

If your computer has a power management system, switch this off.

(procedure: page 3-7).

A hollow cathode lamp must be installed in at least one holder before you switch on
the spectrometer.

on the front panel.

respective systems.

different autosampler or added or removed any accessories, use the

Reconfigure utility to reconfigure the software (see the Online Help in AA

WinLab).

icon.

1. Install any further lamps that you require for the analyses

(procedure: page 3-7).

2. Set up the burner system

(see ‘Setting up the system for analyses using the flame technique’ in the
Burner System User’s Guide).

3. Set up the graphite furnace system

(see ‘Setting up the system for analyses using the furnace technique’ in the
Graphite Furnace User’s Guide).

3-4

Procedures for shutting down the system are described on page 3-12.
In an emergency, you can shut down the system as described on page 3-14.

0993-5255

Table 3-1. Required Pressures for the Burner Gases

Gas Outlet Gauge Pressure

kPa bar psig

Preparing the System

Acetylene
(C

)

2H2

P

min

90 100 0.9 1.0 13.0 14.5

P

max

P

min

P

max

P

min

P

max

Air 450 500 4.5 5.0 65.0 72.5

Nitrous oxide
(N

O)

2

450 500 4.5 5.0 65.0 72.5

 Set the outlet gauge pressure for each gas to a value just below the maximum

value (P

max

).

 Always set the same outlet gauge pressure for air and nitrous oxide.

 Never set the outlet gauge pressure to a value exceeding the maximum

pressure (P

max

).

 Always turn on the air supply since air pressure is required for the

spectrometer’s pneumatic system.

Warning: Acetylene – Explosion Hazard

Acetylene can decompose explosively at pressures higher than 103 kPa/

1.03 bar/15 psig.

 Always make sure that the acetylene outlet gauge pressure is below this

value.

W5.7

0993-5255

3-5

Preparing the System

Table 3-2. Required Pressures for the Furnace Gases

Gas Outlet Gauge Pressure

kPa bar psig

P

min

P

max

P

min

P

max

P

min

P

max

Argon 350 400 3.5 4.0 50.0 58.0

Nitrogen 350 400 3.5 4.0 50.0 58.0

Special 350 400 3.5 4.0 50.0 58.0

 Set the outlet gauge pressure for each gas to a value just below the maximum

value (P

max

).

 Never set the outlet gauge pressure to a value exceeding the maximum

pressure (P

Warning: Toxic Gases

If you use nitrogen as the inert gas, toxic cyanogen gas (CN)2 will be produced
when the furnace temperature is above 2300 °C.

 Make sure that the main laboratory fume ventilation system removes all

gases and fumes emitted by the furnace.

max

).

W6.1

3-6

0993-5255

Installing lamps

Lamp compartment

The lamp compartment is located on the left-hand side of the spectrometer,
beneath a hinged cover. The compartment is easily accessible from the front when
the cover is open.

Lamp compartment cover

Preparing the System

0993-5255

The spectrometer is designed to operate with PerkinElmer Lumina hollow
cathode lamps (HCLs) and coded electrodeless discharge lamps (EDLs).

The lamp compartment has holders for up to eight lamps.
You can install Lumina HCLs in all eight holders. The holders incorporate the
receptacles for connection of the Lumina lamps.
You can install EDLs in holders 1–4 only. The sockets for the power supplies to
the EDLs are located on the left-hand side of the lamp compartment.

3-7

Preparing the System

3

2

4

5

6

7

8

Lamp holders numbered 1 through 8

Sockets for EDLs

Figure 3-1. Lamp Holders in the Lamp Compartment

Installing and connecting lamps

HCLs

Note: A hollow cathode lamp must be installed in at least one holder before you
switch on the spectrometer.

1. Open the lamp compartment cover by lifting it at the front and swinging it
back.

3-8

2. Slide the Lumina lamp for the required element into the selected lamp holder
and make sure that the integrated socket slides fully home over the receptacle
on the lamp holder.

3. Close the lamp compartment cover.

Lumina hollow cathode lamp

3

2

4

5

6

7

8

0993-5255

Preparing the System

EDLs

You must use the lamp holders numbered 1 through 4 for EDLs.

1. Open the lamp compartment cover by lifting it at the front and swinging it
back.

2. If necessary, assemble the lamp by sliding the lamp driver into the lamp
sleeve for the required element. Depress the locking pin as the sleeve slides
into place and make sure that the locking pin extends through the locating
hole in the sleeve.

Lamp sleeve

Lamp driver

Locking pin

Coding plug

3. Slide the lamp carefully into the selected lamp holder until it butts up against
the end-stop inside the holder.

4. Insert the coding plug over the receptacle on the lamp holder.

0993-5255

5. Insert the lamp connector into the correct EDL socket at the left-hand side of
the lamp compartment. Use the receptacle that has the same number as the
lamp holder.

6. Close the lamp compartment cover.

Coding plug

EDL socket

3

2

4

5

6

7

8

3-9

Preparing the System

Removing lamps

Do not unplug and remove lamps while they are switched on.

1. On the

Toolbar, click on Lamps. The Align Lamps window appears.

2. Make sure that the lamps you want to remove are switched off:
The

On buttons must not be green. If necessary, click on the respective On

buttons.

3. Close the Align Lamps window.

4. Unplug and remove the lamps. For EDLs, remove the coding plugs as well.

Tips for installing lamps

 Use only PerkinElmer lamps. You can use both hollow cathode and

electrodeless discharge lamps.

 Do not touch the front window of the lamp; perspiration or other

contamination can reduce the intensity of the radiation.

 If you install more than one lamp containing a particular element, for

example, a single-element copper lamp and a multi-element lamp containing
copper, the system will use the lamp in the holder with the lower number
when you perform determinations of that element. Make sure that you place
the preferred lamp in the holder with the lower number.

 With EDLs, connect each lamp plug to the socket that has the same number

as the holder of the lamp.

 With EDLs, make sure that you use the correct coding plug and connect it to

the receptacle on the lamp holder containing the EDL.

3-10

 If you use the wrong coding plug or connect the coding plug to the wrong

receptacle, you will cause the spectrometer to malfunction and may cause
irreparable damage to the lamp.

0993-5255

Installing sample trays

A sample tray can be inserted into one of three locations in front of the
spectrometer – on the left-hand side, in front of the atomizer compartment, and on
the right-hand side. You can leave a tray permanently installed on the left-hand
side if you wish. You cannot install a tray in front of the atomizer compartment
or on the right-hand side as long as the furnace autosampler is installed. When the
autosampler is swivelled to the standby position at the right, you can install a tray
in front of the atomizer compartment.

The sample trays are robust and can support an accessory, such as a diluter, or a
flame autosampler, or a flow injection system.

To install the tray

1. Hold the tray with both hands and position it in front of the location into which
you wish to insert it.

2. Insert the tray support posts into the guides at the base of the instrument and
slide in the tray until it hits the stop. Then gently lift the front of the tray and
slide it finally into place. You can feel it lock into place.

Preparing the System

0993-5255

To remove the tray

1. Gently lift the tray at the front and then pull it back to slide it out of the guides.

3-11

Preparing the System

Shutting down the system

Note: In an emergency, switch off the spectrometer using the operational on/off
switch on the front panel.
The flame is automatically extinguished and the gases shut down in a safe
sequence.
See page 3-14 for the procedure to follow after an emergency shutdown.

You must shut down each atomizer correctly before you shut down the
spectrometer.

To shut down the flame system

1. With the flame still burning, aspirate the correct rinsing solutions to rinse the

burner system (see ‘Extinguishing the flame’ in the Burner System User’s
Guide for detailed information).
Either aspirate the solutions manually or use the flame autosampler.

2. Extinguish the flame and bleed the gas lines:

1. In the

2. Shut down the gases to the spectrometer at source.

3. In the

Flame Control window, click on the Flame icon.

The system uses a predetermined shutdown sequence to extinguish the
flame safely.

Flame Control window, click on Bleed Gases to depressurize the gas

lines.

3-12

To shut down the furnace system

1. Flush the furnace autosampler rinsing system (see ‘Autosampler maintenance
procedures’ in the Graphite Furnace User’s Guide for detailed information).

2. Shut down the furnace gases to the spectrometer at source.

0993-5255

Preparing the System

To shut down the spectrometer

1. Exit AA WinLab:
In the

File menu, click on Exit.

2. Switch off the spectrometer at the operational on/off switch on the front panel.

3. Switch off any accessories.

4. If you do not want to use the computer for other tasks, shut down the computer
and printer as described in their user’s guides.

5. Empty the burner drain vessel (see ‘Emptying the drain vessel’ in the Burner
System User’s Guide).

6. Empty the furnace autosampler waste bottle.

Note: Dispose of hazardous or corrosive solutions properly and refer to your
local safety regulations for proper disposal procedures.

0993-5255

3-13

Preparing the System

Emergency shutdown

If a situation arises where you have to shut down the system quickly and you do
not have time to carry out the correct procedure, you can use the procedure
described below.

Note: This procedure is for use in an emergency only. Do not use it as a routine
shutdown procedure.

1. Switch off the spectrometer at the operational on/off switch on the front panel.

2. Shut down the gases to the spectrometer at source.

When you return to the spectrometer, proceed as follows to shut down the system
properly:

3. If you were previously running concentrated salt solutions, organic solvents,
or solutions containing cyanide, copper, silver, or mercury:

1. Remove the burner head (see the Burner System User’s Guide).

2. Pour a large quantity of deionized water slowly through the neck of the

spray chamber to thoroughly flush the chamber and the drain system.

4. Check the burner head.
If there are deposits along the slot, clean the burner head (see the Burner

System User’s Guide).

3-14

5. Reinstall the burner head.

6. Switch on and set up the spectrometer system.

7. Ignite the flame.

8. Extinguish the flame properly.

0993-5255

Spectrometer: System Maintenance

4Spectrometer: System Maintenance

Marker for header

Contents

PerkinElmer Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Maintenance checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

Spectrometer maintenance procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

Cleaning the windows of the optical system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

Maintaining the electrical components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

Changing the air filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

Replacing the deuterium lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11

Maintaining the acetylene supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14

4

page

0993-5255

4-1

System Maintenance

4-2

0993-5255

PerkinElmer Service

System Maintenance

Warning: Unauthorized Adjustments and Servicing

Only a PerkinElmer service engineer or similarly trained and authorized person
should be permitted to service the instrument.

 Do not attempt to make adjustments, replacements, repairs, or modifications

to this instrument except as described in the documentation supplied with the
instrument.

W1.2

If the spectrometer system does not function correctly…

 Switch off the spectrometer system and make sure that it cannot be operated.

 Contact your local PerkinElmer office.

You should only perform the maintenance procedures described in this guide.
For any other maintenance or service contact your local PerkinElmer office to
arrange for a service engineer to visit.
In particular you should only allow a PerkinElmer service engineer or similarly
trained and authorized person to perform any work on:

 electrical components inside the instrument;

 the gas connections and gas system pneumatics;

 the monochromator and all other optical system components.

0993-5255

Before the service engineer arrives:

1. Make sure that the instrument and work area are clean.

2. Empty corrosive solutions from the burner drain vessel.
Then add water to the drain trap to activate the function.

3. Empty the furnace autosampler waste bottle.

Troubleshooting

See the Troubleshooting Guide supplied with the AA WinLab operating system.
This guide includes information on problems that can arise with both the software
and the spectrometer system.

4-3

System Maintenance

Maintenance checklist

Maintenance checklists for the spectrometer system are presented below.
Maintenance checklists for the burner system are presented in the Burner System
User’s Guide and for the graphite furnace, cooling system, and the furnace
autosampler in the Graphite Furnace User’s Guide.

General preventative maintenance procedures

Instrument
and work area

For safety reasons, and to avoid contaminating new samples, you should
make sure that the instrument and the work area are always absolutely clean.
This is especially important when you are working with toxic substances and
when you are measuring trace amounts of any elements.
Wipe up spills immediately before they can cause further contamination or
damage.
Before you leave the instrument standing idle for any period of time, make
sure that all the components are clean.

Fume
ventilation

Environmen­tal conditions

Acetylene
cylinder

Make sure that the main fume ventilation system functions correctly. Always
switch it on when you are using the instrument.

Make sure that the environmental conditions are as described in Chapter 6,
Laboratory Requirements.

Always change to a new acetylene cylinder when the cylinder pressure falls
to below 600 kPa (6 bar; 87 psig) (more information: page 4-14).

Spectrometer, maintenance checklist

External
surfaces

Wipe over the surfaces with a lint-free cloth moistened with a dilute solution
of laboratory detergent.
The surfaces are resistant to dilute acids and alkalis, and to a lesser extent to
strong acids and alkalis and organic solvents.

Air filters Fit new filters yearly or more often in a dusty environment

(procedure: page 4-10).

Atomizer
compartment
windows,
lamp end

These windows do not normally require cleaning but if they become marked,
e.g., with fingerprints, you can clean them (procedure: page 4-5).

windows

4-4

0993-5255

Spectrometer maintenance procedures

Procedures described

 Cleaning the windows.

 Changing the air filters.

 Resetting the circuit breaker and changing the fuses.

 Replacing the deuterium lamp.

Cleaning the windows of the optical system

Caution Risk of damage to optical components

 Never touch or clean the surfaces of the grating or mirrors.

If mirror surfaces are scratched they must be resurfaced.
Do not allow cleaning fluids to come into contact with any of the reflecting
surfaces.

System Maintenance

0993-5255

Most of the optical components are under the main cover of the spectrometer and
are protected by the black optics covers.
Usually these components require no maintenance, provided the laboratory fume
ventilation system is working correctly and the environmental conditions are as
described in Chapter 6, Laboratory Requirements.

The only optical parts that are exposed are:

 The atomizer compartment windows.

 The windows of the lamps.

 The furnace windows. Cleaning the furnace windows is described under

System Maintenance in the Graphite Furnace User’s Guide.

These windows are important parts of the whole optical system. Handle them
carefully, as you would any sensitive optical component. Do not directly touch the
windows.
If mirror surfaces need cleaning, this must be done by a PerkinElmer service
engineer or a similarly authorized and trained person who knows the special
techniques required.

4-5

System Maintenance

To clean the windows:

This must be done only by a skilled person who knows the special techniques
required.

Note: The more you rub the surface of the windows, the more chance there is of
scratching them. You must change scratched windows.

Warning: UV Radiation – Risk of Eye Damage

The lamps may emit UV radiation which can damage your eyes.

 Do not gaze into a lighted lamp.
 Always wear UV-absorbing safety glasses when looking at the radiation from

the lamps.

W3.1

1. Blow dust off optical surfaces with clean dry air before you attempt to clean
them. Do not rub the surfaces.

2. Clean the window surfaces with a soft lint-free cloth moistened with
spectroscopic grade alcohol. The window must dry quickly to avoid leaving
drying marks.

Keep the cleaning solutions and water away from other parts of the
instrument.

4-6

0993-5255

Maintaining the electrical components

System Maintenance

Warning: Electrical Hazard

 To prevent potential injury to yourself and damage to the instrument, switch

OFF all instruments in the system and disconnect them from the line power
supply before you perform the procedures described below.

W2.3

Parts that may be serviced by the user

The only parts that you should attempt to maintain are those described below.
The electronic components in the instrument do not contain any parts which you
can maintain yourself. If there is a problem, contact your local PerkinElmer
office.
If any fuses blow frequently or if the automatic circuit breaker switch is activated
frequently, contact your local PerkinElmer office for advice.

0993-5255

4-7

System Maintenance

Resetting the automatic circuit breaker

The spectrometer has an automatic circuit breaker which prevents the system
from drawing too much current.
When the circuit breaker is activated, the switch flips to the off position
(marked ). This can happen while an analysis is running.

Changing the fuses

To reset the switch, wait a few seconds then put the switch to the on position
(marked ).
If this switch is activated frequently, contact your local PerkinElmer office for
advice.

Warning: Electrical Hazard

 Use only fuses with the correct current rating and of the specified type for

replacement.

 Do not use makeshift fuses and do not short-circuit the fuse holders.

1. Switch off the spectrometer and all other instruments in the system as
described in the relevant guides.

2. Switch the circuit breaker on the rear panel of the spectrometer to the off
position (marked ).

3. Disconnect the spectrometer’s line power cord from the line power supply.

4. Disconnect all the line power cords from the sockets at the rear of the
spectrometer.

5. To change the fuses numbered F1, F2, F3, F4:

1. Insert the tip of a suitable screwdriver in the slot of the respective fuse

holder and unscrew the fuse holder.

2. Remove the blown fuse, then insert a new one of the correct type and

rating. The correct rating is shown on the label of the fuse on the rear
panel of the spectrometer.

3. Screw the fuse holder into the correct socket.

6. Reconnect the line power cords correctly.

W2.9

4-8

0993-5255

System Maintenance

A

Fuses, F1, F2, F3, F4

InIn
EntréeEntrée
EingangEingang

P

HO

P

PP

min

max

2

350

250

kPa

Furnace Cooling

3.5

2.5

bar

Refroidissement du Four

50

36

psig

Ofenkühlung

Instrument

230 V
50/60 Hz

Cooling System
Système de Refr oidissement
Umlaufkühlung

Instrument

Communication

230 V

230 V

230 V

50/60 Hz

50/60 Hz

50/60 Hz

F4

230 V
50/60 Hz

Cooling System
Système de Refroidissement
Umlaufkühlung

0

OutOut
SortieSortie
AusgangAusgang

4 A (T)F34 A (T)F24 A (T)F14 A (T)

I

Warning

LR 45111SA***

ll field wiring must have i nsulation
suitable for at least 300 V

Avertissement

Le cablage à pied d'ouv re doit être
certifiés pour un minimum de 300 V

Communication

F1
4 A (T)

230 V
50/60 Hz

F2
4 A (T)

230 V
50/60 Hz

F3
4 A (T)

Furnace Gases

Gaz du Four
Ofengase

P

P

min

max

350

400

kPa

3.5

4.0

bar

Ar / N

2

50.0

58.0

psig

Speci al G as

Normal Gas
Gaz Normal

Gaz Spécial
Spezialgas

Normalgas

Burner Gases
Gaz du Bruleur
Brennergase

P

P

minPminPmin

maxPmaxPmax

90

100

kPa

450

500

kPa

450

500

kPa

4.5

5.0

bar

4.5

5.0

bar

0.9

1.0

bar

65.0

72.5

psig

65.0

72.5

psig

13.0

14.5

psig

CH22NO

Air / Luft

2

230 V
50/60 Hz

F4
4 A (T)

I

0

Automatic circuit breaker

Figure 4-1. Automatic Circuit Breaker and Fuses on the rear panel

0993-5255

4-9

System Maintenance

A

Changing the air filters

To make sure that the electrical components in the spectrometer are properly
cooled, the air filters must allow sufficient air into the instrument. Check the
filters regularly and change them if they are dirty.
You should not need to change the filters more than once every year if the
environmental conditions are as described under Chapter 6, Laboratory
Requirements.
Replacement filters are available; see Chapter 5, Parts and Supplies for the part
number.

1. Carefully pull off the snap-on plastic grid that holds the air filter in place.

2. Replace the filter and push the grid back into place.

HO

2

Furnace Cooling

Refroidissement du Four

Ofenkühlung

Instrument

Communication

230 V
50/60 Hz

230 V
50/60 Hz

Cooling System
Système de Refroidissement
Umlaufkühlung

0

InIn

OutOut

EntréeEntrée

SortieSortie

EingangEingang

AusgangAusgang

P

PP

P

min

max

350

kPa

250

3.5

bar

2.5
50

psig

36

230 V

230 V

50/60 Hz

50/60 Hz

F4
4 A (T)F34 A (T)F24 A (T)F14 A (T)

I

LR 45111SA***

Warning

ll field wiring must have i ns u la tio n
suitable for at leas t 300 V

Avertissement

Le cablage à pied d'ouvre doit être
certifiés pour un minimum de 300 V

Furnace Gases

Gaz du Four

Ofengase

P

P

min

max

350

400

kPa

3.5

4.0

bar

Ar / N

2

50.0

58.0

psig

Special Gas

Normal Gas
Gaz Normal

Gaz Spécial
Spezialgas

Normalgas

Burner Gases

Gaz du Bruleur

Brennergase

P

P

minPminPmin

maxPmaxPmax

90

100

kPa

450

500

kPa

450

500

kPa

0.9

1.0

bar

4.5

5.0

bar

4.5

5.0

bar

13.0

14.5

psig

65.0

72.5

psig

65.0

72.5

psig

CH22NO

Air / Luft

2

Air filters

4-10

0993-5255

Replacing the deuterium lamp

The deuterium lamp for the background corrector has a limited lifetime. After a
prolonged period of operation the lamp will exhibit decreasing radiant intensity
and will ultimately fail.
The lifetime of the deuterium lamp will be prolonged if you do not switch it on
and off frequently.

You can replace the deuterium lamp assembly yourself. The replacement lamp is
fitted in a prealigned mount.

Deuterium
lamp cover

System Maintenance

0993-5255

Figure 4-2. Location of Deuterium Lamp inside the Spectrometer

W2.3

Warning: Electrical Hazard

 To prevent potential injury to yourself and damage to the instrument, switch

OFF all instruments in the system and disconnect them from the line power
supply before you perform the procedures described below.

1. Switch off the spectrometer at the operational on/off switch on the front panel.

2. Switch the circuit breaker on the rear panel of the spectrometer to the off
position (marked ).

3. Disconnect the spectrometer from the line power supply.

4-11

System Maintenance

Captive screws

Thumbscrew

Deuterium lamp
assembly

4-12

Deuterium lamp plug

Figure 4-3. Deuterium Lamp Cover and Bracket Assembly

4. Open the top cover of the spectrometer:

1. Remove the two securing screws; one on the left and one on the right.

2. Swing back the cover to the open position.

5. Remove the deuterium lamp assembly:

1. Undo the two captive screws on the deuterium lamp cover.

2. Carefully lift up the deuterium lamp cover.
The deuterium lamp assembly is attached to a bracket underneath the
cover.

3. Carefully place the complete assembly on top of the black optics cover.

4. Pull out the deuterium lamp plug from the socket in the lamp
compartment.

Do not pull on the deuterium lamp leads.

6. Slacken the thumbscrew on the bracket and remove the old lamp assembly.
Save the thumbscrew for use with the new lamp assembly.

0993-5255

System Maintenance

7. Unpack the new lamp assembly, taking care to hold it only by the metal mount
to prevent fingermarks on the lamp envelope.

8. Slip the slot at the base of the lamp mount over the stud on the lamp bracket
and secure the lamp assembly with the thumbscrew saved in step 6.

9. Wipe the lamp envelope with a soft cloth moistened with alcohol to remove
dirt, since this would otherwise be burned in when the lamp is hot.

10. Insert the deuterium lamp plug into the socket in the lamp compartment.
The plug is asymmetric and can only be inserted in one direction.

11. Reinstall the lamp assembly:

1. Carefully lower the deuterium lamp assembly into the lamp compartment

until the lamp cover fits in place.

2. Screw in the two captive screws on the lamp cover.

12. Close the top cover:

1. Swing down the cover to the closed position.

2. Screw in the two securing screws; one on the left and one on the right.

Since the deuterium lamp is fitted with as prealigned mount, you do not normally
need to align the lamp.

Note: Do not attempt to make adjustments to the lamp bracket assembly. If there
is indication that the alignment is not correct (e.g., low energy for the BG bar
graph in the Align Lamps or Continuous Graphics windows), please contact your
local PerkinElmer office.

0993-5255

4-13

System Maintenance

Maintaining the acetylene supply

Warning: Acetylene – Explosion Hazard

Acetylene can decompose explosively at pressures higher than
103 kPa / 1.03 bar / 15 psig.

 Always make sure that the acetylene outlet gauge pressure is below this

value.

W5.7

 You should depressurize both the fuel and oxidant gas hoses at the end of the

working day or if you are not going to use the instrument for an extended
period. Close the cylinder valves to avoid the possibility of gas hoses being
subjected to the full cylinder pressure in the event that a pressure regulator
should fail.

 Acetylene is supplied dissolved in a solvent such as acetone, and a small

amount of solvent carryover with the acetylene is normal. However, as tank
pressure falls, the relative amount of solvent entering the gas stream increases
and can give erratic results, particularly for elements such as calcium, tin,
chromium, molybdenum and others whose sensitivity is highly dependent on
the fuel:oxidant ratio.The pressure drop is not linear with gas removal since
the acetylene is dissolved in a solvent, and a pressure of 600 kPa (6 bar;
85 psig) at ambient temperature indicates that the cylinder is nearly empty.
For this reason, replace acetylene cylinders when the cylinder pressure drops
to about 600 kPa (6 bar; 85 psig).

 Always store and use acetylene cylinders vertically, rather than horizontally,

to prevent liquid acetone from reaching the cylinder valve.

4-14

 The practice of ‘cracking the valve’ of an acetylene tank (that is, opening the

valve slightly for a very short period previous to attaching the regulator) is not
recommended. While such an action will clear the valve opening of dust or
dirt particles and may remove acetone from the cylinder valve, it is a
potentially hazardous practice and one which should never be attempted in the
presence of an open flame, sparks or other possible sources of ignition.

0993-5255

Parts and Supplies

5Parts and Supplies

Marker for header

5

Contents

Parts provided . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Replacement parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Obtaining supplies, replacement parts, and accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

page

0993-5255

5-1

Parts and Supplies

5-2

0993-5255

Parts provided

PerkinElmer reserves the right to alter the schedule of parts provided without prior notice.

Qty. Item Part No.

1 AAnalyst 700 atomic absorption spectrometer. . . . . . . . B312-0082

1 Read cable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B312-1302

3 Special line cords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B310-0003

1 pack Replacement air filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B050-2706

4 Plugs, for handle screw holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B015-3803

1 pack Replacement fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B312-1303

1 AS-800 furnace autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-1500

1 Swing-arm mount for autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B312-0922

1 Fuel hose assembly (red) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B015-4984

1 Air hose assembly (black) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B015-4987

1 Nitrous oxide hose assembly (blue) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B015-4990

10 m Special gas tube (FLEXO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B050-8264

1 Y-connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0992-0179

1 Hose kit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B311-0036

1 Drain vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B312-1306

1 Sample tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B015-6272

5 Corkpreen gaskets for burner end cap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0047-2014

1 O-ring for burner end cap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0990-2147

1 O-ring for the spray chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0990-2219

1 Burner head cleaning tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0303-1573

1 pack Graphite components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-0408

5 Graphite tubes with integrated platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-0407

1 Tube alignment tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B008-0112

1 set Tools for changing graphite contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B312-1301

1 Documentation package B312-0299

Parts and Supplies

Further parts provided with the furnace autosampler are listed under ‘Parts
and Supplies’ in the Graphite Furnace User’s Guide.

0993-5255

5-3

Parts and Supplies

Replacement parts

Obtaining supplies, replacement parts, and accessories

Supplies, replacement parts, and accessories can be ordered directly from
PerkinElmer, using the part numbers quoted in the guides provided with the
instrument.

e-ssentials

PerkinElmer Instruments on-line catalog, your single source for quality supplies
and accessories.
http://essentials.perkinelmer.com/

PerkinElmer’s catalog service offers a full selection of high-quality supplies.
To place an order for supplies and many replacement parts, request a free catalog,
or ask for information:

– If you are located within the U.S., call toll free 1-800-762-4002, 8 a.m. to

8 p.m. EST. Your order will be shipped promptly, usually within 24 hours.

– If you are located outside of the U.S., call your local PerkinElmer sales or

service office.

5-4

What is listed in this section

This section lists the most important replacement parts for your spectrometer
system. Parts listed under Parts provided are not repeated in this section.
Information about other parts and accessories for the system is given in the
current PerkinElmer brochures and price lists.

Background corrector

Description Part No.

Deuterium lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B014-8615

0993-5255