•Instant data monitoring in Digits and
Meter displays, pp. 37 & 38
•Voice and Text Data Annotation, p. 25
(more on page ii)
012-08950F
ii
About this Guide
The Xplorer GLX Users’ Guide is divided into two parts.
Part 1 contains detailed information about operating the GLX, includi ng descriptions of every screen, window and menu within the GLX environm ent, and instructions for common procedures.
Part 2 contains step-by-step instructions for science activities and experiments that can be done with the
GLX, its standard included equipment, and commo nly available supplies.
This is revision F of the User’s Guide, for version 1.4x of the GLX firmware. Vis it
www.PASCO.com/glx/ for downloa dable updates to the Users’s Guide and firmware. If you have update d
your GLX from a previous version, be sure to check out these new features:
New for Version 1.4xUpdate firmware from USB flash drive, p. 93
Cell-se lective manual sampling with Table display, p. 60
Instant data monitoring in Digits and Meter displays, pp. 37 & 38
Automati c calculation creation from Linear Fit, p. 22
Export data to text fil e, p. 32
New for Version 1.3xSwap Cursors, p. 21
Toggle Active Data, p. 21
Zoom Tool, p. 25
New for Version 1.2xVoice and Text Data Annotation, p. 25
USB flash drive support, p. 83
GLX-to- GLX data transfer, p, 84
New for Version 1.1xScope Mode, p. 22
Output-control Calculations, p . 50
Built-in Sound S ensor , p. 58
Data Collecti on with
ScienceWorkshop
Sensors pp. 59, 67
Technical Support
For assistance with the Xplorer GLX and other PASCO products, contact PAS CO Technical Su pport at:
Address:PASCO scientifi c
10101 Foothills Blvd.
Rosevill e, CA, 95747-7100 USA
Phone:(800) 772-8700 (in the U.S.)
(916) 786-3800 (worldwide)
Fax:(916) 786-7565
Web:www.pasco.com/support/
Email:support@pasco.com
Copyright
The PASCO scientific Xplorer GLX Users’ Guide is copyrighted with all rights reserved. Permission is granted to non-profit educational institutions for reproduction
of any part of this manual, providing the reproductions are used only in their laboratories and classrooms, and are not sold for profit. Reproduction under any other
circumstances, without the written consent of PASCO scientific, is prohibited.
Trademarks
PASCO , PASCO scientific, DataS tu dio, PASPORT, ScienceWorks hop, Xplorer, and Xplorer GLX are tra demarks or registe red trademar ks of PAS CO scientific, i n the
United States and/or in other countries. All other br ands, produ cts, or service name s are or may be trademar ks or service marks of, and ar e used to identif y products
or services of, their respective owners. For more information visit www.pasco.com/legal.
Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.
Macintosh, Mac, and Mac OS are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
PASCO Manual Number 012-08950 F
ä
How to Store the
Even when the screen is blank, the GLX is active: it powers its memory, it periodically checks its battery, and it
monitors its keypad. Like other hand-held computers, the GLX never turns off—it just goes to sleep.
Before you put your GLX away, read these instructions.
With proper care, you can ensure that your GLX will be ready for use whenever you need it.
Storage TimeWhat You Should Do
WHENEVER
POSSIBLE
Unplugged for
MORE THAN
A FEW DAYS
Unplugged for
MORE THAN
A MONTH
Leave the GLX Plugged In
Leave the GLX connected to AC power so it can keep its battery charged and store data
file s i n defin itely. This is th e
best
way to store the GLX for any length of time.
Backup Your Data
Data files stored in RAM are temporary. If you want to keep your data files, transfer them to
the GLX's internal Flash memory , a USB Flash drive, or a computer. See pages 78–84 and
100 of the Users' Guide for more information.
Fully Charge the Battery
Put the GLX away with a full battery to keep the RAM active (for up to two weeks) and
ensure that the battery has power the next time you use it.
Any time within two weeks, simply press and hold the power button to turn it on. Data
saved in RAM will still be there.
After two weeks, plug in the AC adapter to turn on the GLX (or press the reset button on
the back) and retrieve data files from your backup location.
Put the GLX into Deep Sleep*
In deep sleep mode, an internal switch opens to disconnect the battery. To put the GLX
into deep sleep: backup your data; allow the battery to fully charge; unplug the AC adapter;
go to the settings screen, press , and press ; follow the on-screen instructions.
F3
Why is deep sleep important?
Nickel metal hydride batteries last longer when they are kept as fully charged as possible.
Deep sleep mode prevents unnecessary dischargin g.
What if I forget to put it into deep sleep?
Don't worry. If the GLX is left unplugged and unused from more than two weeks, it puts
itself into deep sleep.
How do I wake up the GLX from deep sleep?
When you're ready to use it again, just plug in the AC adapter (or press the reset button on
the back) and retrieve data files from your backup location.
*Note for early hardware versions: Early versions of the GLX do not support deep sleep mode. If you have one of these GLXs, leave it
plugge d in
Users' Guid e for mo re info rma ti on .
or
remove the battery for long-term storage. (But don't plug in the AC adapter when the battery in not installed.) See page 95 of the
TAPE THIS SHEET TO THE INSIDE LID OF THE GLX STORAGE BOX OR POST IT WHERE THE GLX WILL BE STORED.
®
Visit www.pasco.com/glx to download the latest GLX firmware update and Users’ Guide.012-08950F
Activity 2: Melting Point Depressio n. . . 111
Activity 3: Heat Transfer by Radiation . 113
Activity 4: Newto n’s L aw of Cooling . . . 115
Activity 5: Microclimate Temperature
Variation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 21
Activity 6: Voltage versus Resistance . 123
Activity 7: Induced Electromotive Force 127
Activity 8: Capacitor Discharge . . . . . . 131
Activity 9: Constructive and Destructive
Interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Activity 10: B eat Frequency . . . . . . . . . . 137
The Xplorer GLX is a data collection, graphing, and analysis tool designed for scie nce students and educators. The Xplorer
GLX supports up to four PASPORT sensors simultaneously, in addition to two temperature probes and a volta ge probe connected directly to specialized ports.
An optional mouse, keyboard, or printer can be connect ed to the Xplorer GLX’s USB port s. The Xplorer GLX contains an
integrate d speaker for sound generation and a stereo signal output port for option al headphones or amplified speakers.
The Xplorer GLX is fully functional stand-alone handheld computing dev ice for science. It also operates as PASPORT sensor
interface when connected to a desktop or laptop computer running DataStudio software.
4 Included Equipment
Included Equipment
A) GLX Users’ Guide
B) Xplorer GLX
A
B
C
D
EFGH
F) Two Fast-response Temperature Probes
(-10 to 70 °C)
C) AC Power Adapter
D) Registration Card
E) Getting Started with the Xplorer GLX CD-ROM
G) Voltage Probe (-10 to +10 V)
H) USB Host-connection Cable
I)Poster (not pictured)
Xplorer GLX Users’ Guide5
F1
Quick Start
Getting started with the GLX is easy —simply plug in the AC adapte r, connec t
one of the included se nsors, and collec t data. In the example below, you will start
the GLX and collect te mperature data.
1. Plug In the AC Adapter
Connect the AC adapter to the power port on the right side of the GLX and plug
the adapter into a power outlet (100 to 240 VAC, depending on your location).
When you connect the AC adapter, the GLX turns on automatically.
The first time you use the GLX, leave it plugged in overnight (at least 14 hours)
to allow th e b a t te r y to f ul ly charge.
If the battery has al ready been charged, you can use the GLX without the AC
adapter. To turn it on using battery power, push the power button at the lowerright corner of the keypad () and hold it for about one second.
2. Connect a Sensor
Connect a temperature probe to one of the temperature ports on the left side of
the GLX.
In most cases, the Gr ap h display will launch automatic ally with the axes labeled
“Temperatur e (° C ) ” an d “ Time (s ). ”
3. Collect Data
Connect the AC
power adapter
If running on
battery power,
press the
power button
Connect a
temperature probe
Press .
The GLX is now recording and graphi ng data from the sensor. Press to
automatically scale the gr ap h .
Hold the end of the temper ature probe in your hand and observe how the data
plotted on the Graph reac t.
6 Overview of the GLX
To stop data recording, press again.
You have just collected and graphed a run of temperature data. To collect additional data runs, pres s again.
There are several different ways to collect data with the GLX. This is the simplest and most comm on. See “F1 Mode” on page57 for other options. You
can find a complete description of the Graph display starting on page 13.
Overview of the GLX
The exam p l e above represents j u st a small part of the GLX’s capabilities. Thi s
overview will outline so me of the set-up options to customize your GLX and pr epare it for an activit y; then (starting on page 9) survey the GLX’s Home Screen
as a gateway to th e entire GLX environm ent.
Equipment Set-up Options
Power Sourc e Whenever possible, it is a good idea to use the GLX connected
to the AC power supply. For maximum operating time on battery power, first
connect the GLX to AC power for at least 14 hours, or until the Batte r y Gauge
indicates a full charge.
1
1
See “Battery Gauge” on page 11.
Power On The power turns on au tomatically when you plug in th e AC adapter.
If the GLX is running on batter ies, or if the AC adapter is already connected,
push and hold the power b utton () for about 1 second to turn it on.
By default , the GLX is set to start with a new dat a file; however, if the Startup
Action of the GLX has been s et to “Open Las t Experiment,” it will automatically
open the most recently saved file. See page 86 for more information.
Back Light To turn on the screen’s back light, press and hold while you
press .
2
Screen Contrast There are 21 levels of screen contrast. Push and hold ,
then use the up and down arrow keys () to adjust the c ontrast to a comf ortable
level.
Language In its factory configuration, the GLX is set up to operate in English.
If you would like to change the language, refer to “Settings Screen” on page 85.
PASPORT Sensors Connect up to four PASP ORT sensors to the main ports
on top of the GLX.
In some cases, the GLX may automat ica lly launch the Graph or other displa y
when you plug in a sensor. See “Sensor Auto-Dis play” on page 86 for more
information about this feature.
Temperature Probe s Connect the included fast-response probes or other
PASCO temperature probes to the two temperature ports on the left side of the
GLX. The range is -10 to +70 °C with fast-response probes, or -10 to +135 °C
with stainless steel probes .
2
The backlight and other aspects of the
Xplorer GLX can also be adjusted in the
Settings Screen. See page 85.
Temperature
Probes
PASPORT
Sensor Ports
Signal
Output
Security Cable
Connection Slot
Voltage
Probe
Voltage Probe Connect the included voltage probe to the voltage port on the
left side of the GLX to measure voltages between -10 and +10 V. The voltage
probe should be connected to voltage sources only when it is also connected to
Xplorer GLX Users’ Guide7
the GLX. Do not connec t a vo ltage sourc e until af ter the pro be is connec ted t o th e
GLX; remove any voltage s ources before disconnect ing the probe.
Sound Sens o r To configure the GLX’s microphone as a sound sensor , press
F4
and together to enter the Sens ors screen; then press to open the
F3
Microphone menu. From the menu, select Sound Sensor to record the sound
waveforms, or select Sound Level to measure sound level in decibels. See “F3
Microphone” on page 58 for more information.
Computer If you will be using the GLX with a computer , use the incl uded USB
host-connection cable to connect the GLX to the USB port of the c omp uter.
Refer to page 99 for instructions on setting up the computer.
Mouse If you will be using an optional mouse (PS-25 39), conne ct it to the USB
port on the right si de of the GLX.
A mouse can be convenient, but it is never required; anything that you can do
with the mouse can also be done through the GLX’s keypad. New users often
find that operating the GLX is easier with a mouse. For experienc ed users, using
the keypad rather than a mouse is usually faster.
Keyboard If you plan to do a lot of text entry , connect a USB keyboard
(PS-2541) to the port on the right side of the GLX.
To connect a mous e and a keyboa rd simultaneously, use the optional
PS-2536 Peripheral Cable.
Sign al Output If you have headphones or a pair of amplified stereo speakers
that you wis h to use for sound generation, connect them t o the signal output port.
You also have the option of using the GLX’s built-in sp eaker for sound output.
See “Output” on page 39 for more information.
Computer via USB
host-connection cable
or
Mouse, keyboard or
printer through optional
peripheral cable
USB mouse,
keyboard, printer,
storage device,
or 2nd GLX
AC power
adapter
USB Storage Device If you have a USB storage device (such as a flash drive)
you can connect it to the GLX’s USB port for extra file -stora ge capaci ty and data
backup. See page 83 for more information.
GLX-to-GLX Transfer If you have two GLXs that you would like to transfer
files between, connect them using the included host-connection cable. See
page 84 for more information.
Shutting Down
Manual Shut Down
To turn off the GLX, pres s and hold for 1 second. The GLX will prompt you
to save your data and experiment setup before it shuts down. Press to save
your work, press to shut down without savin g, or press to not shut
F2
down. See page 80 for instructions on opening the saved file.
If you hold the power button for 5 seconds, the GLX will shut down without
saving your data.
The GLX cannot shut down while the ba ttery is charging; if you try to turn it off,
a message will appear informing you that charging is in progress. When the battery is fully charged, and the GLX h as been idle fo r 60 minutes, i t will shut do wn
automatically (see below).
F1
F3
F1
F3F2
8 Overview of the GLX
Auto Power Off
Timed Auto Power Off If it is running on battery power, the GLX will auto-
matically save your data and shut down after a certain a mount of continuous idle
time (5 minutes by default).
To set the idle time that must elapse before auto shut down on battery
power, see “Auto Power Off” on page 85.
3
If the GLX is running on AC power and the batte r y is fully charged, it will automatically shut down after 60 minutes of idle time .
The GLX will warn you t hat it i s abou t to shu t down 3 0 seconds before i t act ually
does. If you see the warnin g, pre ss to procee d with the shutdown, or press
F2
to keep t h e G LX tu rned on.
F1
Battery Auto Power Off The GLX wi ll also save data and shut down automatically if the batteries drain to a critical level. Connect AC power before turning
the GLX back on.
Auto Data Save Just before the GLX shuts down, it will save the open file
(which include s all data, displays, calculations and set-up information). If you
have named the file, it will be saved under that name. If you have not named the
file, it will be saved with the filename “Untitled.”
Res umin g after Auto Power Off To resume your work after the GLX automatically shut s down, push and hold the p ower bu tton () for about 1 se cond to
turn it on. If the automatically saved file does not open automatically, go to the
Data Files screen ( see page 78) and open the file . (See pa ge 80 for instructions on
opening a file.)
3
The GLX is considered idle when
not
•the GLX is
• the Stopwatch is
•the GLX is
puter running Da taStudio, and
•the GLX is
its keypad, a mouse, or a USB keyboard.
F1
collec tin g data,
not
running,
not
connec te d t o a co m-
not
receiving input through
F2
If you have set the Startup Action of the GLX to “Open Last Experiment,” the
file will auto matically open when you tur n on the GL X. See pa ge86 for more
information.
Sleep Between Samples If the GLX is running on battery power and collecting data at a rate of once eve r y 30 s or slower, and it has been otherwise idle for
the set auto-power-off time (see page 85), it will “sleep ” between sam p les. When
the GLX is sleeping, the scre en a nd any co nnected sensors are turned off to save
power , and the green LED on the front of the unit blinks onc e every two sec onds.
When it is time to collect a data point, the GLX wakes up briefly, records data,
and goes back to sleep. Press any key to wake up the GLX.
The Record Button
Default Recording Mode Whenever you have one or more sens ors connected
to the GLX, you can press to start data col lection. In its default mode, the
GLX will begin recording data continuously from all connected sensors. Press
again to stop data collection. To start recording another data run, press
yet again.
Sticky Start Use the Sticky Start feature to prevent data collection from being
unintentionally stopped when you take the GLX on an amuseme nt park ride. To
start data collection with Sticky Start, press and hold for about 5 seconds.
You will hear three beeps and see the St icky Start icon ( ) appear at the top of
the screen. Data recording will continue after you release . To stop dat a
Record Button
Xplorer GLX Users’ Guide9
recording, you mus t pres s and hold until you hear three beeps again. Data
recording will stop when you release.
Alternative Recording Modes If you have put the GLX into Manual Sampling mode (see page 57), it will not start r ecordin g when you press ; rather it
will stand by to record a data point whenever you press . If you have turned
on the Trigger in the Graph display (see page 20), then the GLX will delay the
start of recording after you press until the specified trigger condition is
reached.
Home Screen
The Home Screen is the center of the GLX environment. All other screens are
just one step away from th e Home Scree n. From any other screen, you can
always return to the Home Screen by pressing.
The Home Screen consists of three sections: the Mai n Icons , the Bottom Row,
and the Top Bar.
Main Icons
The main icons on the Home Screen lead to the other screens of the GLX environment.
Main
Icons
To open another screen via one of the main icons, use the up, down, left, and
right arrow keys to highlight the desired icon, then press.
The highlight wraps around, so you can move it to any icon within three key
presses. For instance, if the highlight is in the first column, and you want to
move it to the fourth column, press the left arrow key once.
Alternative ly, if you are using a mouse, simply cli ck on the desired icon.
F1
The Hom e Scr e en
F3F2
F4
Y o u ca n a ls o acce ss t h e fou r ico ns in th e bot t om ro w us in g t he fu nc ti on ke ys .
See “Bottom Row” on page 10 for more information.
The icons and the screens they le ad to are descri bed briefly here, and i n more
detail elsewhere in the following chapters.
Data Files Once you have collected data or configured the GLX for an experiment, you can go to the Data Fil es sc ree n to save your work. You can also open
or delete save d file s and mana ge the dis plays , se nsors, calc ulati ons, and manuall y
entered data sets that are part of a data file. See page78 for more information.
10 Overview of the GLX
Digits This screen is useful for displ aying live data as they are collected from
sensors and calculat ion s. Up to six data sourc es can be display ed simult aneously.
See page 37 for more information.
Meter This display simulates an analog meter with a ne edle that deflects in proportion to a measur ement made by a sensor. See page 38 for more information.
Stopwatch With this screen, th e GLX can be used like a regular stopwatch to
time events. T he stopwatch is started a nd stopped by the user t hrough the GLX’s
keypad, so no sensors are necessary. See page 54 for more information.
Timing Use the Timing scre en to conf igure photoga tes, Super Pulleys , and ot her
switch-type or counting-type digita l sensors. See page 62 for more information.
Settings Go to the Settings screen to cha nge the GLX’s name, time and date,
and screen sett ing s, set how lon g the GLX wai ts be fore aut omati call y tur ning of f,
and control how the GLX behaves when you turn it on or connect a sensor. See
page 85 for more information.
Output The Output screen contains the controls for the signal that the GLX generates and outputs through the built-in speaker, or through the signal output port
to headphones or amplified speakers. See page 39 for more information.
Notes In the Notes screen, you can create, read, and edit pages of text notes to
be saved along with an experiment configuration or collected data. See page 53
for more information.
Graph Use the Graph to plot and analyze data. In many cases, the Graph is the
best way to view data as they are being collected. See page 13 for more information.
Table The Table displa ys data numerical ly in colum ns. It can be used for edi tin g
and entering data and for statistical analysis. See page 28 for more information.
Calculator You can use the calculator like a regular ca lculator for finding the
result of a simple expression and like a graphing calculator for plot ting equation s.
The calculator can also perform operations on streams of data collected from sensors and on sets of manually ent ered data. See page 41 for more information.
Sensors Us e the Sensors screen to cus tom ize the way sensors colle ct data. The
screen shows which sensors are connected to the GLX and contains controls for
how each sensor operates. See page 85 for more information.
Bottom Row
F1
F3F2
F4
Bottom Row
The icons in the bott om row of the Home Screen are selectable via the four function keys: , , , and . Graph, Ta ble, Calculator, and Sensors
F1
F3
F2
F4
are th e mos t c om mon ly us e d scr een s, and t he refo r e t he mo st e as il y ac ce ss ibl e. To
make the bottom row of the Home Scr ee n appear temporarily from anywhere in
the GLX environment, press and hold ; while holding , press one of the
function keys to open the corresponding screen.
In other screens, yo u will usu ally see four choices at the bottom of the scre en that
can be accessed with the function keys.
F1
+
+
+
+
Shortcuts from anywhere in the GLX
environment
F2
F3
F4
Graph
Table
Calculator
Sensors
Xplorer GLX Users’ Guide11
Top Bar
The Top Bar is the part of the Home Screen that is a lways visible from anywhere
in the GLX envi ronm ent. It shows the tim e and date and the na me of the GLX or
the name of the open file. It also indicates the recording status, battery level and
memory usage.
Tim e and Date The time and date displayed in the Top Bar are set automatically when you connect the GLX to a computer running DataStudio (see
page 99). You can also go to the Setti ngs screen (see page 85) to set the time and
date manually and change the format in which they are displayed.
GLX Name By default, the name displayed in the Top Bar is “XplorerGLX.” If
you are usin g more t han one GLX in yo ur cl assroom or lab , you ma y wish t o give
each one a unique name. See “Settings Screen” on page 85 for instructions.
When a previously saved filed is open, the name of that file appears in place of
the GLX Name. See page 78 for more information about s aving and opening
files.
Home Icon If you are using a mouse, you can click the Home Icon ( ) in the
Top Bar, instead of pressing on the keypad, to return to the Home Screen
from any other screen in the GLX environment.
Recording Status The Recording Stat us icon changes to indicate when the
GLX is collecting data, and in what sampling mode it is operating (see page 57
for more information about the sampling modes). It also indicates when an audio
note is being recorded or played (see “Data Annotation” on page 25).
If you are using a mouse, you can click the Recording Status icon, instead of
pressing on the keypad, to start and stop data collection.
Memory Ga uge The Mem o ry Gauge indicates the G LX ’s availabl e memory.
As data are stored in random acces s memory (RAM), the icon becomes shaded
from the bott om up. An enti rely sh ade d ico n means tha t the re is li tt le or no ca pacity remaining for recording data. See “Data Files Screen” on page 78 for instructions on deleting files or data runs to make more memor y available.
If you are usi ng a mouse , you ca n clic k th e Memory Gaug e to open the Data Fil es
screen, start a new file, or save the file that you are working with. (Without a
mouse, the Data File s scree n, which include s the Ne w File and Save File opti ons,
is accessed through the Home Screen; see page 78.)
Battery Gauge When the GLX is running on battery power, the Battery Gauge
indicates the level of charge of the battery. It is fully charged when the entire
gauge is shaded.
4
Home
Icon
Memory
Time and Date
4
The time c an b e di sp laye d i n 12 -ho ur or
24-hour format; the date can be displayed as month/d ay/year or
day/month/year.
Recording Status Icons
Not Collecting Data
Sampling in Continuous Mode
Sampling in Manual Mode
Recording Audio Note
Playing Audio Note
Memory Gauge Icons
Most RAM free
RAM about half free
RAM almost full
Battery Gauge Icons
GLX Name
or File Name
Recording Indicator
when recording
(click to start and stop)
Click to
access Settings
Top Bar
Gauge
Battery
Gauge
Each GL X learns the particular charge and discha rge characteristics of its
battery as it is used. To make the gauge more accurate, allow the battery to
fully charge, then fully discharge at least once.
The Battery Gauge al so indicates when the GLX is connected to AC power and
charging the battery.
Battery fully charged
Battery nearly empty
AC power connected; battery
charging
AC power connected; battery
fully charged
12Overview of the GLX
Xplorer GLX Users’ Guide13
Chapter 1: Displays
The GLX has four screens for displaying data: Graph, Table, Digits, and Meter.
This chapter will describe the structure and use of each display.
Open any of the displ ays t o monito r liv e data as it i s col lecte d. Open t he Graph or
Table to view previously recorded measurements or manually entered data.
Graph
The Graph plot s da ta on a pair of axes. Use the Graph to view, compare, and analyze da ta sets.
To Open the Graph
From the Home Screen, do one of the following:
press , the function key below the Graph icon;
use the arrow keys to highlight the Graph icon, then press; or
click the Graph icon.
From anywhere in the GLX environment, you can always open the Graph with
the shortcut +.
In some cases, the Graph opens automatically when you connect a sensor.
F1
F1
The Graph Display
The Graph icon on
the Home Screen
14 Graph
Active Fields
Run Number
Units
Data
Source
Data SourceUnits
Active fields of the Graph
Active fields are the areas on the Graph (and other display screens) through
which you control wha t data are shown. When you select an active field, a menu
opens containing choices of data source, units, or run number. Follow the steps
below to select an active field using the keypad.
1.Press to “light up” the active fields—shaded boxes appear around the
active fields.
2.One of the shaded boxes is darker than the others, designating the highlighted field. Use the arrow keys to move the highlight to the field that you
would like to select.
3.Press aga in to s elec t the hi ghli ghted fi eld, whic h causes a menu to open .
To select an option from the menu:
•use the up and down keys to highlight the desired menu option, then press
;
or
•press the number on the keypad corresponding to the desired menu option.
To turn off the highlight without selecti ng one of the fields, or to close a menu
without selecting an option, press.
Esc
If you are using a mouse, you can left- click an active field to s elect it and
open the menu, then c lick one of the menu options. (It is not necessary to press
first.)
Selecting a field with the keypad
Highlighted field
Press to light up the active fields.
Use the arrows to move the highlight to
the desired field and press to open
the menu.
Use the arrow keys to move the
highlight to the desired menu option,
then press ;
or
on the keypad, press the number
corresponding to the desired option.
Left-click
one of the
active fields.
Selecting a field with the mouse
Left-click the
desired
menu option.
Xplorer GLX Users’ Guide15
Choosing Data to Display
Data Source A graph is generated from two data sources: one on the vertical
axis and one on the horizontal axis. The possible types of data source are
•a sensor measurement,
•time (horizontal axis only),
•a calculation,
•manually entered numeric da ta, and
•manually entered text data (horizontal axis only).
If you configure the Graph with data sources that already c ontain data, the data
will appear immediately. If the selected data sources have not yet collected data,
the Graph will initially be blank; when
data collection starts, each data point will
be plotted as it is acquired.
1
1
For mor e information on calculations,
see page 41 . For more information on
manual ly entered data see page 32.
Data source menu for the horizontal axis
If th ere is at least one sensor connected to the GLX, the Graph will automatically
set one of the sensor measurements as the vertical data so u r ce, with time as the
horizontal da ta source. Select the verti cal or horizontal data source field
2
to
choose a different source.
When you chose a data source, it replaces the previously displayed one.
See “Two Measurements” on page 23 and “Two Graphs” on page 24 for
instructions on displaying two vertical data sources simultaneously.
If you do not see the s ensor measurement that you want in the data source men u,
select More to expand the menu.
For more information on selecting data from the Data Source menu when
you are working with more than one sensor, or with a multiple-measurement
sensor, see “Data Source Menus” on page 89.
Also from the Data Source menu, you can select Properties to edit the name and
other properties of the currently displayed data set. See “Data Properties” on
page 69 for more information.
Units Select the units field
2
to choose dif ferent units (i f avail able) for the chosen
data source.
2
T o select a data source, units, or run
number field
Keypad
1. Press to light up the active fields.
2. Use the arrow keys to move the high-
light to the desired field.
3. Press again to open the menu.
4. Us e th e ar ro w key s to hi gh lig ht the
desired menu option and press ;
or
press the number on the keypad
corres ponding to the des ir e d me nu
option.
Mouse
1. Click the desired field to open the
menu.
2. Click the desired menu option.
Run Number Sele ct th e r un number fiel d
can also choose to display no data.
2
to choose a different data run. You
Run number menu
16 Graph
In normal mode, one data set is displayed at a time. See “Two Runs” on
page 24 for instructions on displaying two runs simultaneously.
The next-to-las t option in the run number menu is Delete Run, which deletes the
currently displayed run. That run will be deleted from all measurements, not just
the one displayed in the Graph.
The last option in the run number menu is Rename Run. By default, data runs are
names “Run #1,” “Run #2,” etc. When you select Rename Run, the GLX
prompts you for a new run name. Enter the new name us ing multipress text entry
(or an atta che d keyboard) and press to accept the change (or press to
F1
cancel the change). The new name wil l be a pplied to that run from all mea surements, not just the one displayed in the Graph.
For more info r m ati on on multipr e s s tex t entry, see page 90.
Data Cursor and Coordinates
Coordinates
Data Cursor
F2
F1
The GLX prompts you to enter a new
F2
data run name
The circle around one of the data point s is th e Data Cursor. Use the arrow keys to
move the Data Cursor; the left and right arrow keys step the Data Cursor to adjacent data points, the up and down arrow keys make the cursor jump to the first
and last visible data points. Press and hold the left and right arrow keys to move
the cur sor quickly.
The coordinate pai r near th e to p of the Gra ph in dicat es the “X” and “Y” v alues of
the Data Cursor.
If you have a mouse, you can move the Data Cursor by draggin g it: click
on the Data Cursor, hold down the mouse button, and move the mouse left and
right to move the Data Cursor along the data plot.
Graph Function Keys
In the Graph, the func tio n keys a re used to c hange the scale and to open the Tools
and Graphs menus.
F1 Autoscale
Press to ma k e th e s c al e of th e Graph ad ju st automa t ically so that all dat a
are visible.
F2 Scale/Move
F1
Jump to
first point
Step left to
adjacent point
Jump to
last point
Use the arrow keys to move the
Data Cursor
F1
Step right to
adjacent point
F3F2
F4
Pressing cycles the graph through S cale mod e (first press ) and Move mode
F2
(second press).
Xplorer GLX Users’ Guide17
In Scale mode, the left an d r ight arrow keys compress and stretch the Graph horizontally; the up and down arrow keys stretch and compress the Graph vertically.
In Move mode, the arrow keys make the graph move left, right, up, and down.
To return to normal mode (indicated when the function reads “Scale/
Move”), press . If the Graph is in S cale or Move mode and the arr ow keys a re
Esc
F2
not pressed for several seconds, the Graph will return to normal mode automatically.
See “Zoom” on page 21 for another way to rescale the Graph.
Scale and Move with a Mouse
If you have a mouse, you can scale and move the Graph by dragging it with the
mouse cursor. (It is not nece ssary to press first.)
To change the scale, click and drag on (or between) the numeric labels on the
edges of the Graph to change the vertical and horizontal ranges.
F2
Scale
Mode
Compress
horizontally
Move
Mode
Move
Arrow key functions in Move and
Stretch
vertically
Compress
vertically
Move up
left
Move down
Scale modes
Stretch
horizontally
Move
right
Vertical ScaleHorizontal Scale
To move the plot up, down, left, and right, click and drag anywhere in the “background” of the Graph.
To zoom in on part of the Graph, hold down while you click and drag to
Esc
draw a rectangle. The area en closed by t h e rectangle will enl arge to fill the
screen.
Esc
MoveZoom
F3 Tools Menu
Use the analysis tools contained in the Tools menu to obtain numerical info rma tion from the Graph (such as coordinates and statistics), to visualize different
properties of the plotted data (such as slo pe and area), and to enlarge a selected
area. This menu also contains an options to configure the Trigger (see page 20).
18 Graph
When you select a tool from the Tools menu,3 a check mark () appears next to
it. To turn off a too l, select it from the menu again , which removes the check
mark and returns th e Graph to normal mode. If you have a tool tu rned on and you
choose a different tool, the previous tool will automatically turn off.
The Tools menu
The options in the Tools menu are described belo w.
Smart Tool When the Smart Tool is selected from the Tools menu, a pair of
crosshairs appe ars on the Graph with labels indic ating its coordinates. Use the
left and right arrow keys to move the Smart Tool to adjacent data points. Use the
up and down arrow keys to send it to the first and last visible data points. Press
and hold the left or right arrow key to move the Smart Tool quickly.
Jump to
first point
3
To select a tool from the Tools
menu:
Keypad
1. Press to open the Tools menu.
2. Use the arrow keys to move the high-
Mouse
1. Cl ic k “ Tools” at the bo tt o m of the
2. Cl ic k the desired tool.
F3
light to the desired tool and press ;
or
press the number on the keypad
corres po nding to the des ired tool.
scree n to open the Tools menu.
Step left to
adjacent point
Jump to
last point
Step right to
adjacent point
If you have a mouse, you can move the Smart Tool by dragging the cir-
cle at the intersection of the cross hairs left and right.
Delta Tool When the Delta Tool is selected from the Tools menu, a dashed rectangle app ears on the G r ap h. One corner is marked with a circle, the other is
marked with a triangle. Labels on the edges of the Graph indicate the width (∆X)
and height (∆Y) of the rectangle, measured from the circle to the triangle.
When you first turn on the Delta Tool, the circle and triangle appear at the same
point. Press the left or right arrow a few times to separate them.
The left and right arrow keys move the triangle to adj acent data points; the up
and down arrow keys send the tr iangle to the first and last visible data points.
Press and hold the left or right arrow key to move the triangle quickly.
If you have a mouse, you can move the triangle by dragging it left or
right.
The triangle designates the active corner of the Delta Tool, which is the corner
that moves when you pre ss th e arrow keys or dr ag it with the mouse. To make the
other corner active, hold and press . The triangle and circle will swap
Esc
Õ
places when you release both keys.
Coordinates
Stationary
Corner
Smart Tool
Active
Corner
DXDY
Delta Tool
Note th at wh en th e curs o r s sw ap pl ac es, the signs o f ∆X and ∆Y change. These
values are always measured from the circle to the tr iangle; ∆X is the triangle’s X
coordinate minus the circle’ s X coordinate, ∆Y is the triangl e’s Y coordinate
minus the circl e’s Y coordinate. You would most typically be interest ed in the
values reported when the triangle is to the right of the circle.
Xplorer GLX Users’ Guide19
Positive DX and DY
When the cursors swap places, the sign s of ∆X and ∆Y change
Negative DX and DY
Slope Tool Select the Slope Tool from the T ools menu to measure the slope of
a tangent line at one point on t he data plot. A pair of crosshairs mark s the point at
which the slope is meas ured. Labels on the Graph’s edges show the coordinates
of the point, and the slope is displayed at the bottom of the screen.
Use the left and right arrow keys to move the Slope Tool to adjacent point s. Use
the up and down arrow keys to send it to the first and last points . P res s and hold
the left or right arrow key to move the Slope Tool quickly.
If you have a mouse, you can move the Slope Tool by dragging the circle
at the intersection of the cross hairs left and right .
Statistics Select Statistics from the Tools menu to put the Graph into Statistics
mode. The Graph displays the minimum, maximum, average, and standard deviation (σ) of the data inside the re gion of interest (ROI), which is indicated by a
dashed box.
Region of interest
XY
Slope
Tool
Slope
Slop e Tool
Active
Cursor
Stationary
Cursor
Statistics
Statistics mode
Two cursors desi gnate the left and right sides of the ROI. The larger cursor is the
active one and can be moved with the arrow keys or mouse .
4
As the acti ve cursor
moves, one side of the box moves with it.
The smaller cursor indicates the side of the ROI that doe s not move.
To switch the active cursor to the other side of the box, hold and press.
Esc
Õ
Linear Fit When Li near Fit is sel ec ted from the Tools m en u , a be st -f i t li n e is
applied to the data in the ROI. (See “Statistics” above for instructions on setting
the ROI.)
The slope, the Y-intercept, the mean squared error (MS E), and the roo t mean
squared error of the linear fit are disp layed at the bottom of the screen
MSE()
along with the correlation coefficient (r) of the data in the ROI.
4
See page 16 for detailed instructions on
moving the cursor with the keyp ad or
mouse.
Region of interest
Linear Fit
20 Graph
When the Linear F it is turned on, the special option Create Ca lculation from Linear Fit appears in the Tools menu (see page 22).
Linea r Fit can be useful even when the graphed data are not linear (quadratic or exponential, for instance). See “Graph Linearization” on page 47.
Area Tool Select the Area Tool from the Tools menu to measure the area
between the data plot and the X-axis in the ROI. (See “S tatistics” above for
instructions on setting the ROI.)
For data plotted below the X-axis , the area is measure d as negative. The value of
area dis pl ay ed a t th e bot tom o f t he sc ree n is th e t ota l ar ea abo v e th e X-a xis minus
the total area below the X-axis.
Positive
Area
Negative
Area
Area Tool
Derivative This tool overlays a graphical representation of the derivative (or
rate of change) of the data. In some cases, the Graph may need to be rescaled in
order to see the overlaid derivative. The Deriva tive Tool is designed for titrati on
experiments in which it is necessary to identify a point in a data set at which the
maximum rate of change occurs.
Trigger The Trigger is a tool that allows you to control how the GLX collects
data. With the Trigg er, you make the GLX delay data recording (after you press
) until a certain condition is met by the incoming data. The Trigger has two
parameters: Trigger Edge, which can be rising or falling, and Trigger Level,
which specifies the data value that must be crossed. For example, on a voltage
versus time graph, if you set the Trigger Edge to risin g and the T rigger Level to 5
volts, dat a rec ording will not start unti l the measured voltage rises above 5 volts.
The Tr igger can be used i n normal graph mode t o sta rt conti nuous re co rding, or i t
can be used in Scope Mode (see page 22) to repeatedly trigger bursts of data collection. In bot h modes, the Graph must have time on the horizontal axis.
To turn on the Trigger , select it from the Tools menu.
5
A horizontal dashed line
appears on the Graph indicating the T r igger Level. Press the up and down arrow
keys to change the Trigger Level. Pres s the right arrow key to cycle thro ugh ris ing edge, falling edge, and disabled. (The Trigger is initially disabled, so you
must press the right arrow key at least once to enable it.)
Total Area is area above the axis minus
area below the axis.
Arrow Indicating
Trigger Edge
Trigger Level
Trigger
5
The Trigger turns on automatically
when you turn on Scope mode. See
page 22.
Open Trigger
Settings
Increase
Trigger Level
Enable, Disable, and
Change Trigger Edge
Decrease
Trigger Level
Xplorer GLX Users’ Guide21
The Trigger affects data recording eve n if you are not viewing the Graph. If you
have set up two or more triggers on s eparate Graph pages,
6
data recording will
start when the most recently set trigger condition is met.
Trigger Settings When the Trigger is turne d on, you can open the Trigge r Settings dialog box by pressing the left arrow key (you can also select it from the
Tools menu). In the dialog box, use the arrow keys to highlight Trigger Enabled
and press to enable or disable the Trigger. To change the edge from rising to
falling, or vic e-versa, use the arrow keys to highlight Trigger Edge and press
. To set the level, use the arrow keys to highlight Trigger Level, press ,
enter the desire d value on the keypad, and press again.
You can also turn on the Stop Condition, which causes data collection to automatically stop at a specified time. To turn on the Sto p Condition in the Tri gger
Settings dialog box, use the arrow keys to highlight Stop Conditi on and press
. When the Stop Condition is on, an icon () and vertical dashed line
appear on the Graph in dicating the stop time. While viewing the Graph, hold
Esc
down and press the left and right arrow keys to adj ust the stop time. For the
Stop Condition to work, the Trigger must be turned on (but does need to be
enabled).
When you have finished changing the settings in the T r igger Settings dialog box,
press to ac cept the cha ng e s, o r p re ss to cancel th e m .
F1
F2
Zoom Use the Zoom Tool to enlarge an area that you define by drawing a rect angle. Sel ect Zoom from the Tools menu; a zoom cursor () appears. Move the
cursor (using the arrow keys) to where you want one corner of the rectangle.
Press . Move the cur sor to define the diagonall y opposite corner of the rectangle. Press again. The area enclosed by th e rectang l e enlarg es to fill t h e
screen.
6
For information about multiple Graph
pages, se e “N ew Gr ap h P ag e” on
page 24.
F1
F2
Trigger Settings dialog bo x
Stop time
Stop condition
If you have a mouse, you do not have to open the Tools menu to zoom.
Just hold down while you click and drag on the Graph to draw the rectangle.
Position the cursor to define one corner.
Press .
Esc
Move the cursor to define the opposite corner.
Press .
Zoom Tool
Swap Cursors This option appears in the Tools menu when you are using the
Delta Tool, Statistics, Linear Fit, or Area Tool. When you select Swap Cursors,
the active and inactive curs ors swap places, allowing you to move the previousl y
stationary corn er of the Delta Tool or side of the ROI.
To swap cursors without opening the menu: hold , press , and release
Esc
Õ
both keys.
7
7
See also page 17 for other ways to
scale the Graph w ith a mouse .
Area enlarges.
Esc
Õ
+
Swap Cursors Shortcut
Toggle Active Data This option appears in the Tools menu when the Grap h is
in one of the t wo-data s et mode s (see p ages 23–24 ). Sele ct it t o swit ch fo cus fro m
one da ta se t to th e o th er. The active data set is th e on e to wh i ch th e D a t a C ur sor
22 Graph
and other tools are app lied. In case s where the two dat a sets are scal ed separa tely,
the active that is scaled.
To toggle data withou t opening the menu: hold , press , and release both
Esc
keys.
Create Calculation from Linear Fit This option appears in the T ools menu
when the Linear F it (se e page 19) is turned on. Select thi s op tion to a utomat ical ly
create an equation in the calculator based on the slope and y-intercept of the currently displ ay best-fit line. If the equation of the best fit line is ,
ymxb+=
where m is the slope and b is the y- intercept, then the calcula tion will take the
form . This calcula tion will appear in the Calc ulator and in
x1 m⁄()ybm⁄–=
data source menus with the name “Linear Fit Cal.” For instructions on working
with calcula tions, see page 41.
F4 Graphs Menu
The Graphs menu cont ains options8 to control the appea rance of the Gra ph, make
it emulate an oscilloscope, make it plot two data sets simultan eous ly , manage
multiple pa ges, and print.
The Graphs menu
Esc
+
Toggle Data Shortcut
8
To select an option from the Graphs
menu
Keypad
1. Press to open the Graphs
2. Use the arrow keys to move the high-
Mouse
1. Click “Graphs” at the bot tom of the
2. Click the desired menu option.
F4
menu.
light to the desired menu option and
or
press ;
keypad corresponding to the desired
menu option.
screen to open the Graphs menu.
press the nu mber on t he
Data Cursor Select this option to turn on or off the Data Cursor and Coordinates displayed on the Graph. See page 16 for more information.
Connected Lines Select this o ption fro m t he Graphs m enu to turn on or of f the
lines connecting the data points.
Graph with connected lines (left) and without connected lines (right)
Scope Mode Select Scope mode from t he Graphs menu to make the GLX emu-
late a digital storage oscilloscope. In this mode, the GLX collec ts and displays
data in repeated burst s. The length of the burst and the sampl e rate are determined by the time scale of the Graph display. Scope mode can be used with any
sensor to co llect bursts of dat a; it is especially useful with th e G LX ’s bui lt-in
sound sensor (see page 58) or voltage sensor.
When you turn on Scope mode, the Gra ph automatically sets its time range to
30 milliseconds and turns on the Trigger.
9
It also adjusts the sampling rate of the
displayed se ns or so that it wil l collect about 500 data points (or as ma ny as possible) in each burst. If you change the Graph’s time scale,
10
the GLX automatically
adjusts the sampling rate.
Scope mode
9
The Trigger is initially disabled. See
page 20 for i nstructions on enabling and
setting the Trigger.
10
See “F1 Autoscale” and “F2 Scale/
Move” on page 16.
Xplorer GLX Users’ Guide23
After you press , the GLX begins collecting and displaying a series of data
bursts (each burst is enough data fill the Graph from left to right). If you have
enabled the Trigger, the GLX waits for the tr igger condition to be met befor e collecting each burst .
While Scope-mode data collect ion is in progress , you can change the scale of the
Graph (with Autoscale, Scale/Move, or the mouse) and you can
F1
F2
change the Trigger settings with the arr ow keys.
To stop data collection, press again. The GLX will save the last-collected
data burst as Run #1 (or #2, #3, #4, etc.). You can also use the Trigger’ s Stop
Condition (se e page 21) to make the GLX stop automatically after collecting a
single data bu r s t .
You can use Scope Mode in conjunction with Two Measurements mode or
Two Graphs mode (see below) to display two traces simultaneously.
Two Measurements Select this option from the Graphs menu t o put the Graph
into T wo Measurement s mode. In this mode, two measure ment s (or data se ts) are
graphed simultaneously.
Run Number of
First Measurement
(select to change)
Data Source of
First Measurement
(select to change)
Two Measurements mode
Run Number of
Second Measurement
(select to change)
Data Source of
Second Measurement
(select to change)
Active Data (black)
Inactive Data (gray)
The data source and s cale of the Firs t Measureme nt ar e displ ayed on th e left side ,
and the data source and s cale of the Second Measurement is displayed on the
right side. Select either the left or right data source field
11
to change the corre-
sponding measurement.
The run number of the First Measurement is d is played in the upper left corner of
the Graph, and the run number of the Second Measurement is displayed in the
upper right corner. To change the run number of either measurement, select the
corresponding run num ber field.
11
One of the measurements is plotted in black, and the other one in gray. The measurement in black is the active data. To switch activity to the other measurement,
Esc
hold and press.
The Data Cursor appears on the active data. If you select a tool from the Tools
menu, it is applied to the active data set. If you press to scale or move vertically, only the active data will change.
12
However, moving the Graph horizon-
F2
tally or changing the horizontal scale will affect both sets.
If you are using a mouse, you can swi tch activity to a measurement by
clicking on the line above its run number. Vertically scale each measurement by
dragging its numeric labels (on the left or right side of the Graph).
11
To select a data source field or run
number field:
Keypad
1. Press to light up the active fields.
2. Use the arrow keys to move the highlight to the desired field.
3. Press again to open the menu.
4. Use the arrow keys to move the highlight to the desired menu option and
press ;
keypad corresponding to the desired
menu option.
Mouse
1. Click the desired field to open the
menu.
2. Click the desired menu option.
12
The exce ptio n t o t his rul e is when bot h
data sets are of the same units (both
temperature in °C, for instance); in that
case, both data sets scale together.
or
press the nu mber on t he
24 Graph
Ty pically y ou would use Two Measurements mode to display data from two
different sour ces, but y ou can also u s e it to display two runs from the same
source . Sele c t the sa m e so ur c e fr o m bo th data source fields, and di ffe re nt
runs from each run number field. For another way to display two runs from
the same source, see “Two Runs” below.
Two R uns Select T w o Runs from the Graphs menu to display two data sets
from a single data source.
In this mode, a second run appears on the Graph. A second run number field
appears in the uppe r right corner (below the first run number) , whic h you can
select to choose a different run.
One of the runs is plotted in black, and the other one in gray. The run in black is
the active data. To switch activity to the othe r run, hold and press. The
Esc
Data Cursor appears on the active data. If you select a tool from the Tools menu,
it is app li ed to th e active da ta se t .
Both runs share a single pair of axes and they are scaled and moved together.
If you are using a mouse, you can swi tch activity to a run by clicking on
the line above its r un number.
Two Grap hs Select Two Graphs from the Graphs menu to display two separate
graphs simult aneously . This mode is similar to Two Measurements mode (see
page 23), but eac h measur ement is plott ed o n the to p or bo tto m half o f the s creen ,
rather than overlapping.
One of the measurements is plotted in black, and the other one in gray. The measurement in black is the active data. To switch activity to the other measurement,
Esc
hold and press.
The Data Cursor appears on the active data. If you select a tool from the Tools
menu, it is applied to the active data. If you press to scale or move vertically, only the active data will change.
However, moving the Graph horizontally
F2
or changing the horizontal scale will affect both sets.
If you are using a mouse, you can swi tch activity to a measurement by
clicking on it.
Two Runs m ode
Two Graphs mode
New Graph Pag e The GLX supports an unlimited number of graph pages.
Select New Graph Page from the Graphs menu to c onfigure a new graph while
preserving the previous one.
When two or more graph pages exist, each page appears in the Graphs menu. To
make a page visible, select it from the menu.
If added graph pages make the Graphs menu too long to fit on the screen, an
arrow or arrows (
cate that some of the menu options are not visible.
Press the up or down arrow key multiple times to
the visible portion of the menu.
view.
If you are using a mouse, you can click the arrows to scroll the menu.
, ) will appear on the right side of the menu to indi-
move the highlight beyond
The menu will scroll to bring other options into
The Graphs menu as it a ppears when
multiple pages exist
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