PASCO SE-9076 User Manual

Includes

Teacher's Notes

and

Typical

Experiment Results

Instruction Manual and
Experiment Guide for the

012-06697B

PASCO scientific
Model SE-9076

CONSTANT VELOCITY TUBES

12/98

© 1997 PASCO scientific $5.00

better

10101 Foothills Blvd. • P.O. Box 619011 • Roseville, CA 95678-9011 USA

Phone [phone] • FAX [phone] • email: [e-mail]

ways to

teach science

Constant Velocity Tubes 012–06697B

The exclamation point within an
equilateral triangle is intended to alert the
user of important operating and safety
instructions that will help prevent damage
to the equipment or injury to the user.

012–06697B Constant Velocity Tubes

Table of Contents

Section Page

Copyright, Warranty, and Equipment Return............................................................................................i i

Introduction.............................................................................................................................................1

Equipment...............................................................................................................................................1

Maintenance ...........................................................................................................................................1

MSDS: CHEVRON Hydraulic Oil AW ISO 22 ......................................................................................2

First Aid Measures .................................................................................................................................2

MSDS: CITGO A/W Hydraulic Oil 46....................................................................................................3

Acute Exposure Symptoms .....................................................................................................................3

First Aid Measures .................................................................................................................................3

Pre-Lab Exercise: Graphing in the Lab............................................................................................... 4 –8

Experiments

Experiment 1: Constant Velocity Motion and the Linear Graph ..........................................................9–13

Teacher's Notes

Pre-Lab Exercise ...................................................................................................................................15

Experiment 1 ...................................................................................................................................16–17

Technical Support .................................................................................................................. Back Cover

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Constant Velocity Tubes 012–06697B

Copyright, Warr anty, and Equipment Return

Please—Feel free to duplicate this manual
subject to the copyright restrictions below.

Copyright Notice

The PASCO scientific Constant Velocity Tubes (012­06697B) manual is copyrighted and all rights
reserved. However, permission is granted to non­profit educational institutions for reproduction of any
part of the manual providing the reproductions are
used only for their laboratories and are not sold
for profit. Reproduction under any other
circumstances without the written consent of the
copyright holders is prohibited.

Limited Warranty

PASCO scientific warrants the product to be free
from defects in materials and workmanship for a
period of one year from the date of shipment to the
customer. PASCO will repair or replace at its option
any part
of the product which is deemed to be defective in
material or workmanship. The warranty does not
cover damage to the product caused by abuse or
improper use. Determination of whether a product
failure is the result of a manufacturing defect or
improper use by the customer shall be made solely by
PASCO scientific. Responsibility for the return of
equipment for warranty repair belongs to the
customer. Equipment must be properly packed to
prevent damage and shipped postage or freight
prepaid. (Damage caused by improper packing of the
equipment for return shipment will not be covered by
the warranty.) Shipping costs for returning the
equipment after repair will be paid by PASCO
scientific.

Equipment Return

Should the product have to be returned to PASCO
scientific for any reason, notify PASCO scientific by
letter, phone, or fax BEFORE returning the product.
Upon notification, the return authorization and
shipping instructions will be promptly issued.

➤ NOTE: NO EQUIPMENT WILL BE
ACCEPTED FOR RETURN WITHOUT AN
AUTHORIZATION FROM PASCO.

When returning equipment for repair, the units must
be packed properly. Carriers will not accept
responsibility for damage caused by improper
packing. To be certain the unit will not be damaged
in shipment, observe the following rules:

➀ The packing carton must be strong enough for the item

shipped.

➁ Make certain there are at least two inches of packing

material between any point on the apparatus and the
inside walls of the carton.

➂ Make certain that the packing material cannot shift in

the box or become compressed, allowing the
instrument come in contact with the packing carton.

Address: PASCO scientific

10101 Foothills Blvd.
Roseville, CA 95747-7100

Phone: [phone]

Credits

Author: Jim Housley
Editor: Sunny Bishop

FAX: [phone]
email: [e-mail]
web: www.pasco.com

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Constant Velocity Tubes 012–06697B

Introduction

The PASCO SE-9076 Constant Velocity Tubes are simple devices that students can use
to generate velocity vs. time data for exercises to improve their graphing skills. The
plexiglass tubes contain colored, oil-based liquid of two different viscosities, and there
are three different lengths of liquid columns. A bubble of air trapped in each of the liquid
columns rises at a constant velocity that is determined by the viscosity of the liquid.

Equipment

INCLUDED

• SE-9076 Constant Velocity Tubes (6)

ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT REQUIRED

• Meter stick or metric ruler

• Clock with sweep second hand, or stopwatch

Maintenance

• Clean with mild nonabrasive dish soap.

• Store in original box, out of direct sunlight.

Do not store in chemical storerooms.

• If a tube breaks, discard in accordance with
your school’s procedures for chemical
handling.

➤ The fluids may cause stains on some materials.
Stains may usually be removed by simple
procedures such as the use of a laundry stain
remover.

The red,orange and yellow tubes contain
CHEVRON Hydraulic Oil AW ISO 22. The
green, blue and violet tubes contain CITGO A/W
Hydraulic Oil 46. Please refer to the following
MSDS section for a short listing of exposure
concerns.

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Constant Velocity Tubes 012–06697B

MSDS: CHEVRON Hydraulic Oil A W ISO 22

To request a complete material safety data sheet (MSDS) you may either use the following contact information, use
the Chevron web site “www.chevron.com”, or request a copy directly from PASCO.

COMPANY IDENTIFICATION EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS
Chevron USA Products Company HEALTH (24 hr): [phone] or
Environmental, Safety , and Health [phone] (International)
Room 2900 TRANSPOR TATION (24 hr): CHEMTREC
575 Market St. [phone] or [phone]
San Francisco, CA 94105-2856

PRODUCT INFORMATION: MSDS Requests: [phone]
Environmental, Safety , & Health Info: [phone]
Product Information: [phone]

FIRST AID MEASURES

CHEVRON Hydraulic Oil AW ISO 22 is not expected to cause prolonged or significant eye irritation, or skin irritation,
and is considered practically nontoxic to internal organs if swallowed. Prolonged or repeated breathing of petroleum
oil mist can cause respiratory irritation.

EYE:

No first aid procedures are required. However, as a precaution flush eyes with fresh water for 15 minutes. Remove
contact lenses if worn.

SKIN:

No first aid procedures are required. As a precaution, wash skin thoroughly with soap and water. Remove and wash
contaminated clothing.

INGESTION:

If swallowed, telephone for medical advice. DO NOT make person vomit. If medical advice cannot be obtained, take
the person and product container to the nearest medical emergency treatment center or hospital.

INHALATION:

If respiratory discomfort or irritation occurs, move the person to fresh air. See a doctor if discomfort or irritation
continues.

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Constant Velocity Tubes 012–06697B

MSDS: CITGO A/W Hydraulic Oil 46

To request a complete material safety data sheet (MSDS) you may either use the following contact information, or
request a copy directly from PASCO.

COMPANY IDENTIFICATION EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS
CITGO Petroleum Corporation Technical Contact: [phone]
P.O. Box 3758 Medical Emergency: [phone]
Tulsa, Oklahoma 74102 CHEMTREC Emergency: [phone]

ACUTE EXPOSURE SYMPTOMS

CITGO A/W Hydraulic Oil 46 is generally of a low order of toxicity.

EYE:

This material may cause transient eye irritation.

SKIN:

This material may cause transient skin irritation.

INGESTION:

If swallowed, there is slight risk of aspiration to the lungs. Upon ingestion, gastrointestinal discomfort, diarrhea, and
headache may occur.

INHALATION:

In enclosed spaces or when hot, vapors may reach concentrations sufficient to cause drowsiness, dizziness, headaches,
nausea, or lung irritation. Elevated mist concentration well above applicable workplace exposure levels may cause
severe lung damage.

FIRST AID MEASURES

EYE:

Flush eyes with large volumes of fresh water. Seek medical attention if pain, excessive tearing or irritation persists.

SKIN:

Wash exposed skin with soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing. Launder before use. Seek medical attention
if tissue damage occurs or if irritation persists.

INGESTION:

Induce vomiting ONLY upon the advice of a physician. Seek medical attention immediately.

INHALATION:

Move victim to fresh air. If victim is not breathing, immediately begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). If
breathing is difficult, 100 percent humidified oxygen should be given by a qualified individual. Seek medical attention
immediately.

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Constant Velocity Tubes 012–06697B

Pre-Lab Exercise: Graphing in the Lab

Purpose

T o help students develop graphing skills that will be needed to complete the activities
with the Constant Velocity Tubes

Background

Graphs are an effective way of presenting numerical data in a laboratory report, but that
is not their only use. Graphs can also be used to determine the mathematical relationship
between two variables. In the following graphing exercise, you will work with two
types of variables: an independent variable and a dependent variable. An independent
variable is the part of the experiment that you change in a measured, controlled way.
The dependent variable is the part of the experiment that changes as a result of the
changes in the independent variable.

This exercise will help you develop the graphing skills you will need in your experiments
with the Constant V elocity T ubes. Y ou will draw a graph of experimental data that were
previously collected.

In a previously conducted experiment, a measured volume of liquid mercury
(independent variable) was added to a glass beaker, and then the mass of the beaker and
mercury (dependent variable) was determined with a platform balance.

Procedure

1. In an experiment, there are generally several variables that might possibly affect

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2. For the first data point of this experiment, the beaker was filled to the 250 ml mark

the dependent variable. If we can arrange to allow only one of these to vary and
hold the others constant during the experiment, it is far easier to interpret the results.
Besides the volume of liquid, the kind of liquid is an example of a variable which
might possibly affect the mass reading; thus the kind of liquid used should not be
changed during the experiment. Can you think of any other variables that should
be held constant in this experiment?

with liquid mercury, and the mass reading from the pan balance was 3,600 g. Next,
the beaker was emptied and then filled to the 50 ml mark. The mass reading was
then 1000 g. Notice that these first two sets of data represent two extreme
possibilities. Why do you suppose such values were chosen?

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