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ME-8236
User Manual
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PASCO ME-8236 User Manual

Materials Testing Machine
Materials Testing System
Instruction Manual
012-13762D
ME-8236
Part of the
Comprehensive
ME-8244
Materials Testing Machine Introduction

Materials Testing Machine (ME-8236)

.
Included Items Included Items
Materials Testing Machine Calibration Rod and Nut
Load Bar Round Nut Safety Shield (2)
Required Items*
PASCO Interface (PASPORT compatible)
PASCO Capstone Data Collection Software
*See the PASCO catalog or web site at WWW.PASCO.COM

Materials Testing System (ME-8230)

The Materials Testing System includes the items in the Materials Testing Machine PLUS an interface, software, and sixty tensile samples as shown in Table 1.
Table 1: .Materials Testing System
Model Materials Testing System Items
ME-8236 Materials Testing Machine
PS-2100A USB Link
UI-5401 PASCO Capstone Software
ME-8231 Tensile Sample, Aluminum (10)
ME-8232 Tensile Sample, Brass (10)
ME-8233 Tensile Sample, Annealed Steel (10)
ME-8234 Tensile Sample, Acrylic (10)
ME-8235 Tensile Sample, Polyethylene (10)
Table 2: Comprehensive Materials Testing System
Model Comprehensive Materials Testing
System Items
ME-8230 Materials Testing System (MTS)
ME-8229 Materials Testing System Base
ME-8237 Materials Bending Accessory
ME-8238 Materials Coupon Adapter
ME-8239 Materials Shear Accessory
ME-8240 Materials Shear Samples (3 ea. of 3)
ME-8241 Materials Photoelasticity Accessory
ME-8242 Materials Structures Beam Adapter
ME-8245 Material Testing System Clevis Clip
ME-8246 MTS 10-32 Adapter
ME-8247 MTS Compression Accessory
ME-8248 MTS Compression Samples (20)
ME-8249 MTS Four-point Load Anvil
ME-6983 Cast Beam Spares Kit (10 molds)
ME-7011 Photoelastic I-Beams (24 each size)
ME-7012 Thin I-Beams (24 each size)
AP-8222* Coupons, Plastic (10 each of 4 types)
AP-8223* Coupons, Metal (10 each of 5 types)
*AP-8217A Replacement Test Coupons (Full Set) con­sists of the AP-8222 Plastic Coupons and the AP-8223 Metal Coupons.
ME-8243 Tensile Sample, Steel (10)

Comprehensive Materials Testing System (ME-8244)

The Comprehensive Materials Testing System includes all the items in the Materials Testing System shown in Table 1 PLUS the accessories and other items shown in Table 2.
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Introduction

The PASCO Materials Testing Machine is a device for mea­suring force and displacement for various materials as the materials are stretched, compressed, sheared, or bent. The Materials Testing Machine has a built-in load cell (strain gauge transducer) capable of measuring up to 7100 newtons (N) of force (1600 pounds), and an optical encoder module that measures displacement of the load bar. A crank-and-gear system raises or lowers the load bar on two leadscrews (also known as power screws or translation screws). Force data from the load cell and displacement data from the encoder module can be recorded, displayed, and analyzed by a PASCO Interface with PASCO Data Collection Software. The sensor cable from the Materials Testing Machine con­nects to a PASPORT input port. (See the PASCO catalog or web site at www.pasco.com for more information about PASCO interfaces and data collection software.)
Model No.ME-8236 Materials Testing System
diameter = 3.3 mm
M12 x 1.75
19 mm
31.7 mm
NOTE: An Experiment Guide in electronic format is available to download from www.pasco.com.
Enter “Materials Testing System” in the Search window and look for the downloadable file(s) under “Resources”.

Included Equipment

The Materials Testing Machine (ME-8236) includes a cali- bration rod and nut, a load bar round nut, and a pair of safety shields with Velcro® hook material.

Calibration Rod and Nut, Load Bar Round Nut, Safety Shields

• The calibration rod and nut can be used to determine how much the Machine itself flexes as force is applied, either in tension or in compression.
• The load bar round nut is used to connect one end of a tensile sample to the load bar, for example, or can be used to attach an accessory or adapter to the bottom side of the load bar.
• The safety shields attach to the Velcro® loop material on the front and back of the load bar.

Materials Testing System

The Materials Testing System (ME-8230) consists of the Materials Testing Machine, plus a PASPORT interface called the USB Link, PASCO Capstone Software, and sixty tensile samples.
The USB Link connects the sensor cable of the Materials Testing Machine to a USB port on a computer. The PASCO Capstone software records, displays, and analyzes the data from the Materials Testing Machine. (The software is avail­able as an automatic digital download from PASCO.)
The tensile samples include four metals: aluminum, brass, annealed steel, and steel and two plastics: acrylic and poly­ethylene, for tensile strength testing. There are ten samples for each material.

Tensile Sample Information

All the tensile samples (ME-8231 through ME-8235 and ME-8243) have an overall length of 90 millimeters (mm) or
3.5 inches. The center section of each sample has an approx-
imate diameter of 3.3 mm or 0.131 inches. The threaded ends are metric M12 x 1.75.
The table shows typical values.
Table 3: Typical Values
Material Tensile
Strength
Aluminum (2024-T3) 400 MPa 70 GPa
Brass (360) 500 MPa 80 GPa
Steel (1018) 700 MPa 200 GPa
Annealed Steel (1018) 400 MPa 200 GPa
Polyethylene 30 MPa 1 GPa
Acrylic 80 MPa 3 GPa
Young’s Modulus

Accessories

Table 2 lists accessories and adapters that are included in the Comprehensive Materials Testing System and are available separately for the Material Testing Machine.
Other accessories and adapters are being developed.

Replacement Items

Also available separately are replacement items such as the previously mentioned Tensile Samples, the Materials Shear Samples (ME-8240) with nine metal rods (three each of alu­minum, brass, and steel), the Plastic Coupons (AP-8222) with ten samples each of four different plastics, the Metal Coupons (AP-8223) with ten samples each of five different metals, and the MTS Compression Samples (ME-8248).

About This Manual

The manual describes the basic setup of the Materials Test­ing Machine and the accessories and replacement items included in the Comprehensive Materials Testing System. It also describes the procedure for calibrating the Materials Testing Machine using the included calibration rod and nut.

Experiment Guide

The tensile samples can be ordered separately.

Operation

Caution: Be sure to wear adequate eye protection when using the Materials Testing Machine or its accessories. Operate the Machine from behind a protective shield.

Basic operation involves mounting the Materials Testing Machine firmly to a sturdy support, calibrating the Machine, mounting the item to be tested onto the Materials Testing Machine, connecting the Materials Testing Machine to an
012-13762D
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Materials Testing Machine Operation
Storage Base
Sturdy support*
C-clamp*
Bolt*
Nut*
(*Items not included)
interface for data recording, and then turning the crank to apply tension (stretching), compression (squeezing), bend­ing, or shearing (cutting) forces to the test item.

ME-8229 MTS Storage Base

Secure the Materials Testing Machine

There are two holes through the base of the Materials Testing Machine that can be used for bolting the Machine to a sturdy support. The two 6 millimeter (mm) diameter holes are 15 centimeters apart; one on either side of the label.
Bolting the Machine will avoid the problem of the Machine moving during a sample test. The Materials Testing System Storage Base (ME-8229) is designed for two purposes: pro­vide a sturdy base to which the Materials Testing Machine can be bolted, and serve as a storage place for accessories, tools, and other items in the Comprehensive Materials Test­ing System.
The Storage Base includes two screws and two washers and has two threaded holes that match the spacing of the holes in the Materials Testing Machine base. Place the Materials Testing Machine on the Storage Base. Put the washers on the screws, and put one screw through a hole in the base of the Materials Testing Machine. Align the screw with the threaded hole in the Storage Base, and tighten the screw using your fingers. Put the other screw through the base and align it with the other threaded hole. Use a 7/16 inch (11 mm) wrench to tighten the screws in place. Use C-clamps to fasten the Storage Base to a sturdy table or bench. An option is to bolt the Machine directly to a table or bench as shown. The Storage Base has through holes at each of its corners.
PASCO Capstone data collection software includes a “cali­bration wizard” that allows the calibration information ­called a “compliance calibration” - for the Materials Testing Machine to be stored for later use. (PASCO Capstone is pro­vided in the ME-8230 Materials Testing System.)

Lab 02: Compliance Calibration Tutorial

NOTE: A PASCO Capstone workbook file about compliance calibration is available to download from the PASCO web site. Go to www.pasco.com and enter “Materials Testing System” in the Search window. In the web page that opens, select Materials Testing System. Click “Sample Labs” and then download the ZIP file for Lab 02.
Information covered in the Compliance Calibration Tutorial includes:
• How a compliance calibration works.
• How to create, save, and delete calibrations.
• Hints and practice in making an accurate calibration.

Reason for Calibration

The reason for the compliance calibration procedure is this: if the Materials Testing Machine were perfectly rigid it would give completely accurate measurements of force and displacement. However, the Machine is not perfectly rigid. To correct for the fact that the Machine “flexes” slightly, the stiffness of the Machine is characterized and a calculation is performed in the software to adjust the raw position data and compute the displacement that is due only to the distortion of the sample being tested. The compliance calibration infor­mation for the Machine can then be stored within the Machine or stored in a Capstone file.
The calibration rod will not change shape significantly under tension or compression. This means that any displacement measured when the calibration rod is used is due to the flex­ing of the Materials Testing Machine itself.

Calibration Setup

The calibration rod and nut can be used for calibrating the Materials Testing Machine for compression or tension. The
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For example, the sample graph shows that the Machine flexes 0.2 mm per 3,500 newtons of force when the calibra­tion rod is stretched. If you use the Machine to stretch a material sample, then the “flex” amount of 0.2 mm per 3,500 N would need to be subtracted.
Model No.ME-8236 Operation
Load Bar
Round
Nut
Load Bar
(crosshead)
Calibration
Rod
Crank
Handle
Load
Cell
Figure: Mount Calibration Rod for Tension
Calibration
Nut
Figure: Mount Calibration Rod and Nut for Compression
Load
Cell
Load Bar
(crosshead)
Sensor
Cable Plug
USB Link

Creating the Compliance Calibration Information

In the software, a polynomial curve fit is applied to the plot of position versus force data. The coefficients of the polyno­mial curve fit are saved as the calibration information.
Once the compliance calibration is created for the Machine, the software automatically subtracts the amount of “flex” from the raw data. After the calibration information is stored in the Machine, it cannot be edited. However, it you make a new calibration, it will replace the stored calibration data.

Saving the Calibration Information

The calibration information can be saved in two ways: in the Capstone file or in the Materials Testing Machine itself. If the calibration information is saved in the Capstone file, it can be used with any Materials Testing Machine. If the cali­bration information is stored in the Materials Testing Machine, the information stays with that unit (even when it is unplugged) and can be used with any Capstone file in the future.

Mount the Calibration Rod for Tension

To mount the calibration rod for tension, screw the short-threaded end of the rod into the top of the load cell.
Lower the load bar until the threaded part at the top of the calibration rod goes through the hole in the load bar. Screw the load bar round nut onto the top of the calibration rod.
section. Lower the load bar until the bottom of the load bar rests on the top of the calibration nut.

Attach the Safety Shields

Attach the Velcro® hook material on the two safety shields to the Velcro® loop material on the front and back of the Load Bar. Adjust the position of the shields so that they will block any fragments that may come from the calibration rod in case it accidentally breaks.

Mount the Calibration Rod for Compression

To mount the calibration rod for compression, screw the short-threaded end of the rod into the top of the load cell. Screw the calibration nut onto the top threaded part of the calibration rod until the nut is at the bottom of the threaded

Prepare to Record Calibration Data

Connect the plug on the sensor cable into a PASPORT inter­face, such as the USB Link (included in the Materials Test­ing System). Connect the interface to a USB port on a computer.
See Appendix A for details of the Calibra­tion Procedure.
After the Calibration Procedure is com­plete, return to this point.

Mount a Tensile Sample

Select a tensile sample to mount onto the Materials Testing Machine. Put the end of the sample with the short threaded section into the threaded hole in the top of the load cell. Screw in the sample until the top edge of the short threaded section is flush with the top of the load cell.
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Materials Testing Machine Operation
Load Bar
Sample
Nut
Tensile
Sample
Crank
Handle
Load
Cell
Figure: Mount Tensile Sample
Loop
Material
for Safety
Shield
Load Bar
(crosshead)
Figure: Materials Bending Accessory
Load
Cell
Plunger
Sample
Anvil
Anvil
Crank
Handle
Sample
Nut
Base
Load Bar
(crosshead)
Lower the load bar so that the longer threaded section of the sample goes up through the hole in the center of the load bar. Adjust the load bar until the bottom edge of the longer threaded section is flush with the bottom of the load bar. While holding the tensile sample so it does not turn, screw the sample nut onto the longer threaded section until the sample is held tightly in place.
bar using the sample nut. The base for the adjustable anvils is screwed onto the top of the load cell.
The spacing between the two triangular support anvils can be adjusted. Use the hex key to loosen the screws holding the anvils and slide them closer together or farther apart. Tighten the screws securely.
Use the sample nut to secure the plunger in place on the load bar. Remove the screws from the base for the anvils and align the base on top of the load cell. Use the screws and the hex key to fasten the base in place.
Place a sample for testing on the two support anvils.

Attach the Safety Shields

Attach the Velcro® hook material on the two safety shields to the Velcro® loop material on the front and back of the Load Bar and adjust the position of the shields if needed.

Apply a Force

Turn the crank counterclockwise to apply a compression force through the plunger onto the sample.

Attach the Safety Shields

Attach the Velcro® hook material on the two safety shields to the Velcro® loop material on the front and back of the Load Bar. Adjust the position of the shields so that they will block any fragments that may come from the sample.

Record Data

Prepare PASCO Capstone software to record data. (If there is a stored calibration file that is to be used, select it in the “Calibration” window.)
Start data recording. Turn the crank in a clockwise direction to apply a tension force to the tensile sample. Observe the graph display of force and position. (Note that the default for the Materials Testing Machine in the software shows force and position as ‘negative’ when a tension force is applied. See Appendix A for information about changing signs.))
When the sample breaks, or is stretched the maximum amount, stop data recording.

Materials Bending Accessory (ME-8237)

The Materials Bending Accessory includes a plunger, a adjustable support anvils, and a small hex key (allen wrench). The plunger is mounted on the bottom of the load

Materials Coupon Adapter (ME-8238)

The Materials Coupon Adapter includes two coupon clamps, a “tee-handle”, and a 3/8” socket (12 point). One clamp fits in the load cell and the other fits in the load bar. They can be used to mount a plastic coupon (AP-8222) or metal coupon (AP-8223) onto the Materials Testing Machine for testing of tensile strength.
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