PASCO ME-8089 User Manual

Download

Page 1

Instruction Manual

Computer-Based

Centripetal Force

Accessory

Model No. ME-8089

Manual No. 012-08425A

Page 2

Centripetal Force Accessory Model No. ME-8089

Table of Contents

Equipment List........................................................... 3

Introduction ............................................................. 4

Equipment Setup ..................................................... 4-7

Suggested Experiment .............................................. 7-10

Part I: Centripetal Force vs. Velocity......................................................................................... 7-9

Part II: Centripetal Force vs. Mass.................................................................................................9

Part III: Centripetal Force vs. Radius...........................................................................................10

Sample Data/Results...................................................10

Appendix A: DataStudio Setup Instructions ...................... 11

Appendix B: Technical Support ....................................... 12

Appendix C: Copyright and Warranty Information .................. 12

Page 3

Model No. ME-8089 Centripetal Force Accessory

Computer-Based

Centripetal Force Accessory

Model No. ME-8089

Equipment List

Included Equipment Model

Number

1. Connecting Cable (1) 623-038 Rotating Platform ME-8951

2. Ball Bearing Swivel, 12.5 g (1) 648-08386 A computer N/A

3. Pivot block (1) 648-08422

4. Thumbscrew for Pivot Block (1)

5. Sliding Mass Holder (1) 648-08423

6. Mass, 100 g (2) 648-06511

7. Screws for Mass Holders (2) 610-246 Steel Rod (45 and 90 cm or 120

8. Stationary Mass Holder (1) 648-08424 Multi-Clamp SE-9442

9. Nuts for Mass Holders (2) 614-006 Large Rod Base (2) ME-8735

10. Thumbscrews (2) 613-067 Experiment Setup Disk 013-08425A

11. Mass, 50 g (4) 648-06510

*PASPORT™ sensors (with PS-prefix) require a PASPORT™ interface PS-2100(2) or PS-2001(1) for operation. A Photogate

Port (PS-2123) is required for photogate use with PASPORT interfaces.

**ScienceWorkshop

Optional equipment: For constant speed studies, a Motor Drive (ME-8955) with DC Power Supply (SF-9584A) is

recommended.

sensors (with CI-prefix) require a ScienceWorkshop® interface for operation.

617-003

Additional Equipment Required

DataStudio® Software

Computer Interface

Force Sensor

Photogate Head/Port ME-9498A, PS-2123

cm)

PASPORT* or

Model Number

See PASCO catalog.

ScienceWorkshop

PS-2104* or CI-6746**

ME-8736/ME-8738/ ME-8741

Page 4

Centripetal Force Accessory Model No. ME-8089

Introduction

PASCO’s Computer-Based Centripetal Force Accessory (ME-8089) allows students to investigate the relationships between centripetal force, radius, mass, and velocity for an object undergoing uniform circular motion. Traditional experiments in this area involve the swinging of masses above the head. The traditional approach is difficult to execute and data is rarely sufficient for an understanding of the relationships. With a computer interface, Force Sensor, and photogate, the Computer-Based Centripetal Force Accessory removes these difficulties by allowing the student to directly measure and observe the force and velocity of the mass as it rotates.

Masses are included with the apparatus to facilitate a range of mass trials. The sliding and stationary mass holders provided with the accessory attach to a PASCO Rotating Platform (ME-8951). Spinning the Rotating Platform and allowing it to slow down (without assistance) varies the velocity. The platform can be manually spun by hand or automatically with a Motor Drive (ME-8955) and DC power supply. Sliding the captured masses along the grooves in the rotating platform changes the radius. For radius measurements, a convenient measuring scale is included on the top edge of the platform.

Figure 1: Setup with Force Sensor on Stand

Equipment Setup

1. Insert the photogate post into the base

stand and into the photogate head.

2. Use a thumbscrew to mount a Photogate

Head (ME-9498A) to the bottom of the “A” base (See Figure 2). Let the Photogate Head rest over the first ring on the 3-step pulley of the Rotating Platform. (Note: Ensure that the positioning of the photogate does not restrict movement of the shaft).

3. Connect the photogate to a computer

interface (ScienceWorkshop or PAS PO RT ).

photogate

pulley

steel rod

cable

to interface

Figure 2: Photogate on Base of Centripetal Apparatus

Page 5

Model No. ME-8089 Centripetal Force Accessory

Note: If using a PASPORT interface, connect the photogate to a PASPORT Photogate Port.

4. Slide the pivot block through the groove to the center of the platform. (Note: The indent

mark on the pivot block must face the zero position on the measuring tape.) Tighten in place.

5. Slide the fixed mass holder onto the platform. Slide the nuts into the T-slot and tighten the

thumbscrews over the nuts.

6. Insert the sliding mass holder through the groove on the top of the platform, such that the

side indent faces the measuring tape.

7. Mount a 90 cm stainless steel rod vertically into a second “A” base stand.

8. Attach a Multi-Clamp to the upper end of the stainless steel rod (See Figure 3a).

9. Insert the shorter stainless steel rod (45 cm) horizontally into the Multi-Clamp.

Note: With an additional rod and clamp, you can insert another rod into the base stand and a

longer crossbar(rod) into the clamp. This creates a more stable structure.

10. Slide a Force Sensor onto the stainless steel rod and adjust the top screw to anchor it to the

rod (Figure 3a). (Note: Be sure to keep the cords from the sensor out of the path of the rotating arm.)

11. Attach the ball bearing swivel to the bottom of the Force Sensor.

Force

clamp

Figure 3a: Mounting the Force Sensor

Sensor

swivel

cable

pivot block

cable

pulley

Figure 3b: Threading the cable through the sliding mass holder

sliding mass

holder

12. Thread the cable from the swivel hook through the pulley and over the screw of the

“sliding mass” holder (Figure 3b).

13. Move the Force sensor directly over the pivot block in the center of the platform. (Note:

You can adjust the radius of the sliding mass holder by moving the crossbar higher or lower.)

Page 6

Centripetal Force Accessory Model No. ME-8089

Note: Always lay down the cable before adding the mass.

14. Add a mass over the cable on the sliding mass holder; then tightly

screw on the knurled nut to hold the mass in place (Figure 4).

15. Add a mass to the fixed mass holder and use a knurled nut to hold the mass in place. (WARNING: Keep the thumbscrews tight or the mass holder will slide off during the rotation.).

Fixed Mass Holder

Figure 4: Mass Holders

Sliding Mass Holder

16. Move both the fixed and sliding mass holders the same distance from the center on the platform (You can choose any arbitrary radius).

17. Plug the Force Sensor into a a

PASPORT or ScienceWorkshop computer interface.

CAUTION: Keep all cords away

from the rotating arm. The rotating arm must be free to move 360 degrees without hitting any objects

Force Sensor

to interface

in its path.

Note: To calibrate the ScienceWorkshop Force Sensor, follow the instructions provided in the documentation included with your Force Sensor or in the DataStudio online help. Calibration of the PASPORT Force Sensor is not required. However, you can tare the PASPORT Force Sensor by pressing the Zero button without any weight attached.

Note: PAS C O’s PASP ORT Force Sensor (PS-2104) requires a PASPORT interface; PASCO’s ScienceWorkshop Force Sensor (CI-6746) requires a ScienceWorkshop interface.

WARNING: Do not stand

next to rotating arm or look at the rotating arm at eye level. To avoid possible injury from the rotating arm hitting the body, keep at least 1 foot distance from the rotating arm.

Figure 5: Complete Setup for Experiments

18. Open the appropriate DataStudio file on the experiment setup disk.

19. Launch DataStudio and click the Start button to begin collecting data.

Note: DataStudio setup instructions (for either PASPORT or ScienceWorkshop sensors) are available in Appendix A.

Page 7

Model No. ME-8089 Centripetal Force Accessory

Attaching a Motor Drive with Power Supply (Optional)

If you plan to do a constant speed experiment, you may want to consider purchasing a motor drive. A motor drive requires a DC power supply of function generator for operation. The instructions for mounting the drive are included with the apparatus. Figure 6 shows a picture of a motor drive attached to the 3-step pulley.

3-step pulley

Figure 6: Motor Drive attached to a 3-step pulley

drive belt

motor

to power supply

PASCO’s Motor Drive (ME-8955) comes with a drive belt for connecting the motor drive to the pulley.

Suggested Experiment: Centripetal Force and Velocity

Equipment Required

Rotating Platform (ME-8951) Computer interface (

PASPORT

Force Sensor (PS-2104* or CI-6746**) DataStudio Software (ver. 1.5 or higher)

Photogate Head (ME-9498A) and/or Photogate Port (PS-2123)*

Base support, clamps, and mounting rods

ScienceWorkshop

*PASPORT sensors (with PS-prefix) require a PASPORT interface [PS-2100(2) or PS-2001(1)] for operation. A Photogate Port

(PS-2123) is required for photogate use with PASPORT interfaces.

**ScienceWorkshop sensors (with CI-prefix) require a ScienceWorkshop interface (CI-6400 or CI-6450 or CI-7450) for

operation.

Optional: For constant speed studies, a Motor Drive (ME-8955) with a DC power supply (SF-9584A) is recommended.

Part I: Centripetal Force vs. Velocity

In Part I of this experiment, you will vary the velocity by spinning the platform to a high, safe velocity. The velocity decreases over time as the centripetal force is continuously measured by the Force Sensor. The radius and mass are held constant as the velocity decreases.

Page 8

Centripetal Force Accessory Model No. ME-8089

Setup

Follow the equipment setup instructions on pages 4-7 of this manual. Use the appropriate DataStudio setup file on the experiment disk or the DataStudio setup instructions in Appendix A.

Experiment Tips

a)To add mass to the “sliding mass” holder, lay

the components over the attachment screw in the following order: a) cable b) mass and c) nut

Figure 1-1: Spinning the Platform

to tighten.

Note: Do not place the mass underneath the cable, as this will interfere with a proper measurement.

b) Place an equal amount of mass on the “fixed mass” and “sliding mass” holders.

c) Be sure to place the “fixed mass” at the same radius as the “sliding mass” to ensure

balancing of the unit as it rotates.

d) To add the “sliding mass,” lay the components over the attachment screw in the following

order: a) cable b) mass and c) nut and d) thumbscrews to tighten.

e) The velocity of the “sliding mass” can be measured as an angular velocity. In DataStudio,

use a Graph display to monitor the velocity of the rotating mass. If velocity readings do not appear, check your photogate connection and DataStudio setup (See Appendix A).

f) To vary the radius, adjust the position of the Force Sensor (See Figure 1-3.)

g) If the rotating arm does not move, there may be too much friction in the cable or the pulley

and turning rod may be too tight. Move the Force Sensor down to loosen the cable or adjust the turning rod.

Experiment Procedure

1. Place 100 g mass on each mass holder and secure with the thumbscrews.

2. Adjust the position of the fixed and sliding mass to about 20 cm (Note: The maximum

radius is 22 cm. To adjust the position, pull outward on the mass to tighten the wire.)

3. Set up your experiment in DataStudio. Set the smart pulley on angular speed (rad/sec) and

create two equations: Force= -smooth (10, F) and speed squared=V^2. Set the sample rate to 10 Hz. (For more information, see Appendix A.)

4. With the knurled shaft, spin the rotating platform (by hand) to about 6 radians/second (1 or

2 Hz) and let go.

Page 9

Model No. ME-8089 Centripetal Force Accessory

5. In DataStudio, click the Start button and watch the Force vs. Speed graph as the platform

speed decreases. When the speed falls below 2 radians/second, click the Stop button.

Analysis:

1. Explain the shape of the force vs. velocity graph.

2. Create a graph of Force vs. Speed Squared. Does the graph show a straight line? Why or

why not? Find the slope.

3. Calculate the theoretical slope for where the slope is mr. Calculate the slope

F mr

using your values of m and r. Calculate the percent (%) difference between the two values.

Part II: Centripetal Force vs. Mass

In Part II, the radius and velocity are held constant as the mass is varied. Adding extra drilled masses to the mass holder increases the mass of the system. Equal amounts of mass must also be added to the “fixed mass” to balance the arm as it rotates. Centripetal force is directly measured by the Force Sensor.

“Fixed” Mass Holder

Rotating Arm

Figure 1-2A: Free and Fixed Mass Holders

“Sliding” Mass Holder

Figure 1-2B: Adding mass to a holder

Perform several different data runs, each time varying the mass on the sliding and fixed mass holders. (The mass holder is about 50 g. The mass can be varied from 50 to 250 g in 50 g increments.) (Note: Keep the speed constant. A motor drive with power supply can be used to ensure a constant speed. Otherwise, spin the platform with your hand above some set speed and start recording. When the platform slows down below the set speed, stop recording.) Use a graph or table to record the force at a set speed. Repeat the experiment for the other masses and make an editable graph of the Force vs. Mass.

Page 10

Centripetal Force Accessory Model No. ME-8089

Part III: Centripetal Force vs. Radius

In Part III, the velocity and mass are held constant as the radius is varied. Lowering the Force Sensor increases the radius. As the radius increases, the “fixed mass” must be moved to a matching radius to balance the rotating arm. Again, centripetal force is measured by the Force Sensor. Repeat the experiment at different radii (i.e.vary the radius from 22 cm to 8 cm in 2 cm steps). Use a graph or table to record the force at the set speed. In DataStudio, make an editable graph of the Force vs. Radius.

Figure 1-3: Changing the Radius

Note: If force readings do not appear in DataStudio, check your sensor-to-interface connections and setup in DataStudio. See Appendix A of this manual.

Sample Data/Results (for Part I)

Page 11

Model No. ME-8089 Centripetal Force Accessory

Appendix A: DataStudio Setup Instructions

An experiment setup disk is included (with the ME-8089) for setting up the experiments in this manual. The setup disk also contains DataStudio files for experiments involving linear velocity. (The instructions below are for those wishing to create the DataStudio setup files.)

Procedure Steps

PART I: Plug the

sensors into the interface:

PART II: Set up your experiment

PART III: Create your equations

PART IV: Collect Data a) Open a display and click the Start button on the main toolbar.

PASPORT: a) Plug the Photogate into either channel 1 or 2 on a PASPORT

Photogate Port. b) Plug both the Photogate Port and Force Sensor into a PASPORT interface (i.e. USB Link, Xplorer, PowerLink, etc.). OR ScienceWorkshop: a) Plug the Photogate into a digital channel on the

ScienceWorkshop

(A, B, or C) on the

PASPORT: a) Open DataStudio and select “Create Experiment.” b) On the main toolbar, click the Setup button to open the Experiment Setup window. c) When the Experiment Setup dialog opens, click on the Add Timer button, select the Smart Pulley (Rotational) icon, accept the default spoke angle spacing, and click OK. d) In the Setup window, scroll to the Force Sensor and select “pull, positive.” Keep the sample rate at 10 Hz. OR ScienceWorkshop: a) Open DataStudio and select “Create Experiment.” b) On the main toolbar, click the Setup button to open the Experiment Setup window. c) In the Sensors list of the Experiment Setup window, click and drag the Smart Pulley icon and Force sensor icons to the picture on the interface (the same channels into which the sensors are plugged). d) Double click on the Smart Pulley icon. In the Measurement tab, select angular velocity (radians/sec). e) Double click on the Force Sensor icon and set the sample rate to 10 Hz.

a) Click on the Calculate button to open the Calculator dialog. In the Calculator dialog, click the New button. b) Force equation: In the equation box, type in the equation F=-smooth (10,F). Use the Special menu to select the Smooth function and replace the default values with 10, F. Under Variables, click the arrow, select data measurement, Force(N), and click OK. Click the Accept button. c) Speed equation: Click the New button. Type in the equation speed squared=v^2. Under variables, click on the arrow, select “data measurement,” “velocity,” and click OK. Click the Accept button to accept the equation. )To edit the equation, double click on the equation icon in the Data list.

interface. b) Plug the Force Sensor into any analog channel

ScienceWorkshop

interface.

Page 12

Centripetal Force Accessory Model No. ME-8089

Appendix B: Technical Support

For assistance with the ME-8089 Computer-Based Centripetal Force Accessory or any other PASCO products, contact PASCO as follows:

Address: PASCO scientific

10101 Foothills Blvd.

Roseville, CA 95747-7100

Phone: (916) 786-3800

FAX: (916) 786-3292

Web: www.pasco.com

Email: techsupp@pasco.com

Appendix C: Copyright and Warranty Information

The PASCO scientific 012-08425A Computer-Based Centripetal Force Accessory Manual is copyrighted and all rights reserved. However, permission is granted to non-profit educational institutions for reproduction of any part of the 012-08425A Computer-Based Centripetal Force Accessory Manual, providing the reproductions are used only for their laboratories and are not sold for profit. Reproduction under any other circumstances, without the written consent of PASCO scientific, is prohibited.

Limited Warranty

PASCO scientific warrants the product to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment to the customer. PASCO will repair or replace, at its option, any part of the product which is deemed to be defective in material or workmanship. The warranty does not cover damage to the product caused by abuse or improper use. Determination of whether a product failure is the result of a manufacturing defect or improper use by the customer shall be made solely by PASCO scientific. Responsibility for the return of equipment for warranty repair belongs to the customer. Equipment must be properly packed to prevent damage and shipped postage or freight prepaid. (Damage caused by improper packing of the equipment for return shipment will not be covered by the warranty.) Shipping costs for returning the equipment after repair will be paid by PASCO scientific.