PASCO ME-8088 User Manual

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Instruction Manual

Manual No. 012-08478B

Centripetal Force

Apparatus

Model No. ME-8088

Centripetal Force Apparatus Model No. ME-8088

Table of Contents

Equipment List........................................................ 3-4

Introduction ............................................................. 5

Equipment Setup ..................................................... 5-7

Suggested Experiments ................................................. 8

Experiment 1: Centripetal Force vs. Velocity............................................................................ 8-9

Experiment 2: Centripetal Force vs. Mass............................................................................. 10-11

Experiment 3: Centripetal Force vs. Radius.......................................................................... 12-13

Sample Data/Results...................................................14

Troubleshooting ........................................................ 15

Appendix A:Specifications............................................. 16

Appendix B: DataStudio Setup Instructions (for PASPORT interfaces)

.......................................................................... 17

Appendix C: DataStudio Setup Instructions (for

ScienceWorkshop

interfaces).............................................................. 18

Appendix D: Technical Support ....................................... 19

Appendix E: Copyright and Warranty Information .................. 19

Model No. ME-8088 Centripetal Force Apparatus

Centripetal Force Apparatus

Model No. ME-8088

Equipment List

Included Equipment Replacement

1. Frame with Mounted Electric Motor (1)

2. Connecting Cable (1)

3. Ball Bearing Swivel (1)

4. Thumbscrew for Photogate (1)

5. Nuts for Free and Fixed Mass Holders (2)

6. 5 g Mass (2)

7. 10 g Mass (2)

8. 20 g Mass (2)

9. Centripetal Force Appar atus Setup disk (3. 5” flopp y) (not shown above)

Model Number*

623-038

003-08383

614-034

614-029 648-06507 648-06508 648-06509 013-08478

*Use Replacement Mo del N um be rs to e xpe di te replacement orders.

NA = not availa bl e as individual replace me nt item. To repl ace product, use ME-8088 .

(continued on next pag e)

Centripetal Force Apparatus Model No. ME-8088

Additional Equipment Recommended for Experiments (with

ScienceWorkshop

)

Replacement Model Number*

A computer (Windows or Macintosh) NA

DataStudio® Software

ScienceWorkshop®

Economy Force Sen sor CI-6746 Photogate Head ME-9498A Steel Rod (45 or 120 cm) ME-8736 and

Multi-Clamp SE-9442 Large Rod Base ME-8735 Banana plugs (1 red, 1 black) SE-9750 or SE-9751 Triple Output Power Supply (12 V, 3 A) (1) SE-8587

500 or 750 Interface

Additional Equipment Recommended for Experiments (with PASPORT™ )

A USB-compatible computer (Windows or Macintosh) NA DataStudio Software (version 1.5 or later) various (see catalog) PASPORT™ Force Sensor Photogate Port PS-2123 Photogate Head ME-9498A USB Link (2) or Xplorer (2) or PowerLink PS-2100 or PS-2000

Steel Rod (45 or 120 cm) ME-8736 and

Multi-Clamp SE-9442 Large Rod Base ME-8735

Banana plugs (1 red, 1 blac k) Triple Output Power Supply

various (see catalog)

CI-6400 or CI-6450 or

CI-7650

ME-8741

Replacement Model Number*

PS-2104

or PS-2001

ME-8741

SE-9750 or SE-9751

SE-8587

Model No. ME-8088 Centripetal Force Apparatus

Introduction

PASCO’s Centripetal Force Apparatus (ME-8088) allows students to investigate the rela tionships b etween centr ipetal force, radius, mass, and ve loc i ty fo r an object undergoing uniform circular motion. Traditional expe riments in this area involve the swinging of masses above the head. The traditio nal approach is difficult to execute and data is rarely sufficient for an understanding of the relationships. The Centripetal Force Apparatus removes these di fficulties by using sensors to measure the fo rce and velocity of the mass as it rotates.

Figure 1: Setup wit h Force

Velocity is vari ed by ch an ging th e vol tag e supplied to the included electric motor. Drilled masses are included to facilitate a range of mass trials. The radius is changed by slidi ng the captured masses al ong the grooves in the rotatin g arm. A convenient me asuring scale is included on both sides of t he arm .

Sensor on stand

The sturdy base includes rod clamps for connection to a standard rod stand or the un it can be clamped to a table using a common “C” clamp.

Equipment Setup

1. Mount a stainless steel rod into

a base support stand.

2. Use the rod clamps to attach

the Centripetal Force Accessory t o the rod (See Figure 2).

3. Remove the free mass holder

(Figure 3) and measure its mass. T o remove the free mass holder, loosen the screw below the rotating arm.

base stand

Figure 2: Mounting the Centripetal Force Accessory

rod

Centripetal Force Apparatus Model No. ME-8088

(Note: The free mass holder includes the screw, two plastic washers, nut, and two thumbscrews. If a scale is not available, use the mass provided in Appendix A: Specifications.)

Fixed Mass Holder

Figure 3: Free and Fixed Mass Holders

4. Use a thumbscrew to

mount a Photogate Head (ME-9498A) to the bottom base of the Cent ripetal Forc e Accessory (See Figur e 4).

5. A tt ach a Multi-

Clamp to the upp er end of the stainless steel rod. (Figure 5a).

Free Mass Holder

photogate

thumb screw

cable

to interface

Figure 4: Photogate on base of Centripetal Apparatus

Note: To calibrat e t h e ScienceWorkshop Force Sensor, follow th e instruct io ns provided in the documentation included wit h your Force Se nso r o r in the DataStudio online help. Calibration of the PASPORT Force Sensor is not required. However, you can tare the PASPORT Force Sensor by pressing the Zero butto n wi t hout any weight attached.

6. Inser t an ot her stainless steel rod horizontally into the Multi-Clamp.

7. Slide a Force Sensor through the stainless steel rod and adjust the

top screw to anchor it to the rod (Figure 5a). (Note: Be sure to keep the cords from the sensor out of the path of the rotatin g arm.)

swivel

clamp

cable

Figure 5a: Mounting the For ce Sensor

Force Sensor

free mass

holder

Figure 5b: Threading the cable through the fr ee mass holder

pulley

Model No. ME-8088 Centripetal Force Apparatus

8. Attach the ball bea ri ng sw i vel to the bottom of the Force Sensor

9. Thread the cable from the swivel hook through the pulley and over

the free mass holder (Figur e 5 b).

Note: Always lay down the cable before addin g the mass.

10. Add a mass to the free mass holder; then screw on the thumbscrew

to hold th e mass in plac e.

11. Add a mass to the fixed mass holder and use a thumbscrew to hold

the mass in place.

12. Plug the Force Sensor into either a PASPORT or ScienceWorkshop

interface.

13. Use banana plugs to

connect the Centripetal Force Accessory t o a P o w e r Supply.

14. To turn on the motor

to the Centripetal Force Accessory, turn on the Power Supply.

(CAUTION: To avoid

damaging the equipment, keep all cords away from

Power Supply

Force

Sensor

interface

Note: If you do not hav e a setup dis k a vai l abl e , follow the DataStudio setup ins t ructions in Appendix B (for P AS PORT sensors) or C (for ScienceWorkshop sensors) .

the motor and rotating arm.)

Figure 6: Complete setup for experiments

WARNING: Do not stan d ne xt t o the motor or rotating arm or

look at the rotating arm at eye level. To avoid possible injury from the rotating arm hitti ng the body, keep at least 1 foot distance from the motor and rotating arm when runnin g the motor.

Centripetal Force Apparatus Model No. ME-8088

Suggested Experiments

Experiment 1: Centripetal Force vs. Velocity

Equipment Required (for use with

ScienceWorkshop

Photogate Head (ME-9498A) Photogate Head (ME-9498A)

ScienceWorkshop

750) (CI-6400 or CI-6450) Power Supply (12 v, 3A) (SE-8587) USB Link (2) (PS-2100) or Xplorer (2) (PS-

DataStudio Software (ver. 1.5 or higher) Power Supply (12 V, 3AA) (SE-8587) Base support, clamps, and mounting rods DataStudio Software (ver. 1.5 or higher)

sensors):

Force Sensor (CI-6746) PASPORT Force Sensor (PS-2104)

interface (500, 700, or

Equipment Required (for use with PASPORT sensors):

Photogate Port (PS-2123)

2000) or Power Link (PS-2001)

Base support, clamps, and mounting rods

Introduction

In this experiment, you will vary the velocity by changing the voltage to the electric motor as the centripetal force is continuously measured by the Force Sensor. The radius and ma ss are held constant as the velocity is increase d .

Setup

Follow the equipment setup instructions on pages 5-7 of this manual and the Experiment Tips that follow. When you are ready to begin the experiment, open the appropriate DataStudio fil e on the setu p di sk .

voltage

adjustment knob

Figure 1a: Adjusting the voltage on the Power Supply

Figure 1b: Complete setup

Note: If you do not have a setup disk available, follow the DataStudio setup inst ruct ions in Appendix B (for PASPORT sensor s) or C (for ScienceWorkshop sensors).

Model No. ME-8088 Centripetal Force Apparatus

Experiment Tips

a) T o add the free mass, lay the components over the attachment screw in

the following order: a) cable b) mass and c) thumbscrew to tighten. (Note: Place the cable over the washer and nut on the screw. For more details, see “Equipment Set up” on pa ges 5-7.)

Note: Do not place the mass und erneath the cable, as this will interfere with a proper measurement.

b) Allow the “free mass” plenty of length alo ng its holder w ithin the

slot. If th e mass is not f r ee to slide alon g the groove, signific ant frictio n al losses can b e present.

c) Place an equa l amo unt of mas s on th e “f ixed mas s” and “f ree mas s”

holders.

d) Be sure to place the “fixed mass” at the same radius as the “free

mass” to ensure balancin g of th e unit at is rotates.

e) The velocity of the free mass can be measured as an angular or

linear velocity. DataStudio files for both of these variations are included on the floppy disk.

f) Be sure to enter the correct value for the radius in the experimental

constants area of the calculator (when using the linear velocity DataStudio file).

Figure 1c: Calculator Dialog box

Centripetal Force Apparatus Model No. ME-8088

Experiment 2: Centripetal Force vs. Mass

Equipment Required (for use with

ScienceWorkshop

Photogate Head (ME-9498A) Photogate Head (ME-9498A)

ScienceWorkshop

750) (CI-6400 or CI-6450) Power Supply (12 v, 3A) (SE-8587) USB Link (2) (PS-2100) or Xplorer (2) (PS-

DataStudio Software (ver. 1.5 or higher) Power Supply (12 V, 3AA) (SE-8587) Base support, clamps, and mounting rods DataStudio Software (ver. 1.5 or higher)

sensors):

Force Sensor (CI-6746) PASPORT Force Sensor (PS-2104)

interface (500, 700, or

Equipment Required (for use with PASPORT sensors):

Photogate Port (PS-2123)

2000) or Power Link (PS-2001)

Base support, clamps, and mounting rods

Introduction

In this experime nt , th e ra dius and velocity are held constant as the mass is varied. By adding addi tional drilled masses to the holder, the mass of the

system is increased. Equal amounts of mass must also be added to the “fixed mass” to bal ance the arm as it ro tates. Centripetal f o r ce is directly measure d by the Force Sensor.

Setup

Follow the equipment setup instructions on pages 5-7 of this manual and the Experiment Tips below. When you are ready to be gi n the experiment, open the appropriate DataStudio fil e on the setu p di sk .

Free mass

Figure 2a: Free and fixed Mass Holders

“Fixed” mass

Rotating Arm

Figure 2b: Complete setup

Note: If you do not have a setup di sk av ai lable, follow the DataStudio setup instructions in Appendix B ( fo r PASPORT sensors ) or C (for ScienceWor ks hop sensors).

Model No. ME-8088 Centripetal Force Apparatus

Experiment Tips

a) T o add the free mass, lay the components over the attachment screw in

the following order: a) cable b) mass and c) thumbscrew to tighten. (Note: Pla ce the cab le o ver the wash er an d n ut o n th e sc rew. For mor e details, see “Equipment Set up” on pa ges 5-7.)

Note: Do not place the mass und erneath the cable, as this will interfere with a proper measurement.

b) Allow the “free mass” plenty of length alo ng its holder w ithin the

slot. If the mass is not free to slide along the groove, significant frictio n al losses can b e present.

c) Place an equal amount of mass on the “fixed mass” and “free mass”

holders.

d) Be sure to place the “f ixed mass” at the same radius as the “free

mass” to ensure balancin g of th e unit at is rotates.

e) P erform several different data runs, ea ch time varying the mass on

the free and fixed mass holders. (Note: Be sure to include the mass of the holders in your calculations.)

f) In th e D ataStudio file f o r this experim ent, a graph d is play is

available for monitoring the velocity of the rotating mass.

g) Be sure to enter the correc t va lue for th e radius in the experimental

constants area of the calculator.

Figure 2c: Calculator Dialog box

Centripetal Force Apparatus Model No. ME-8088

Experiment 3: Centripetal Force vs. Radius

Equipment Required (for use with

ScienceWorkshop

sensors):

ScienceWorkshop

6746) Photogate Head (ME-9498A) Photogate Head (ME-9498A)

ScienceWorkshop

or 750) (CI-6400 or CI-6450) Power Supply (12 v, 3A) (SE-8587) USB Link (2) (PS-2100) or Xplorer (2) (PS-

Base support, clamps, and mounting rods

DataStudio Software (ver. 1.5 or higher)

Force Sensor (CI-

interface (500, 700,

Equipment Required (for use with PASPORT sensors):

PASPORT Force Sensor (P S-2104 )

Photogate Port (PS-2123)

2000) or Power Link (PS-2001) Power Supply (12 V, 3AA) (SE-8587)

Base support, clamps, and mounting rods

DataStudio Software (ver. 1.5 or higher)

Introduction

In this ex p eriment, th e v elocity and mass are hel d constant as the radius is varied. By lowering the Forc e Sensor, the radius increases. As the radius increases, the “fixed mass” must be moved to a matching radius to balance the rotating arm. Again, ce ntripetal force is measured by the Force Sensor.

Setup

Figure 3a: Changing the radius

Figure 3b: Complete setup

Note: If you do not have a setup di sk av ai lable, follow the DataStudio setup instructions in Appendix B ( fo r PASPORT sensors ) or C (for ScienceWor ks hop sensors).

Model No. ME-8088 Centripetal Force Apparatus

Experiment Tips

a) Allow the “free mass” plenty of length along its holder within the slot.

If the mass is not free to sli de a long the groove, significant fr icti ona l losses can be present.

b) To add the free mass, lay th e co mponents over the attachment

screw in the following order: a) cable b) mass and c) thumbscrew to tighten. (Note: Pla ce the ca ble ove r the washer and nut on the screw. For more details, see “Equipment Setup” on pa ge s 5-7. )

Note: Do not place the mass und erneath the cable, as this will interfere with a proper measurement.

c) Place an equal amount of mass on the “fixed mass” and “free mass”

holders.

d) Be sure to place the “fixed mass” at the same radius as the “free

mass” to ensure balancin g of th e unit at is rotates.

e) To vary the radius, adjust the position of the Force Sensor (See

Figure 3a).

f) In the DataStudio file for th is experiment, a graph displa y is

available for monitoring the velocity of the rotating mass.

g) Be sure to enter the correc t va lue for th e radius in the experimental

constants area of the calculator. This will need to be changed for each data run of this experiment.

Figure 3c: Calculator Dialog box

Centripetal Force Apparatus Model No. ME-8088

Sample Data

Model No. ME-8088 Centripetal Force Apparatus

Troubleshooting

Problem: Possible Causes: Possibl e Solutions:

Rotating arm does not move.

Force measurement does not display in DataStudio.

Velocity readings do not appear or are incorrect.

Too much friction in the cable; power supply is not turned o n ; mo to r is defective.

Force Sensor is not connected to an interface or associated in the setup window.

Photogate is not connected to an interf ace; improper setup in DataStudio.

Move Force Sensor down to loosen the cable; connect the power supply to the frame and turn on the power supply; call Technical Support and/or return the product (See W arranty information in Appendix E.)

If using a PASPORT Force Sen sor, plug the Force Sensor i nto a USB Link connected to a USB-compatible computer. Fol low the setup instructions in Appendix B. If using a

ScienceWorkshop

Force Sensor , connect the Force Sensor to a

ScienceWorkshop

interface. Follow the setup instructions in Appendix C.

If using a PASPORT interfac e, click the Setup button, cl ick the Add Timer button, and selec t the Smart Pulley option. If using a

ScienceWorkshop

interfac e, click the Setup button and select the Smart Pulley option from the Sensors list.

Centripetal Force Apparatus Model No. ME-8088

Appendix A: Specifications

Centripetal Force Apparatus Rotating Arm Length: 24.6 cm Motor 12 VDC, 0.5 ampere Frame Base: 15 x 8.5 cm

Back: 11.5 x 8.5 cm Mass (with motor, cable, and rotating arm): 2.10 kg

Free Mass Holder 4.0 g (with screws) Fixed Mass Holder 2.5 g (with screws) Thumbscrew 0.5 g Masses 5 g, 10 g, 20 g Ball Bearing Swivel Mass: 12.5 g

Model No. ME-8088 Centripetal Force Apparatus

Appendix B: DataStudio Setup Instructions (for PASPORT interfaces)

The following instru ct io ns are for new users or those unfamiliar wi th Da ta Studio software.

PART I: Plug the sensors into the PASPORT interface:

a) Plug the Photogate into either channel 1 or 2 on a PASPORT Photogate Port. b) Plug both the Photogate Port and Force Sensor into a PASPORT interface (i.e. USB Link,

Xplorer, PowerLink, etc.).

PART II: Set up your experiment in DataStudio

a) Open DataStudio and select “Create Experiment.” b) On the main tool ba r, click the Setup butto n to ope n the Expe r iment Setup window. c) When the Ex periment Setup di alog opens, click on t he Add Timer button, select the

Recordable Timer icon, and click OK.

PART III: Create a recordable timing sequence in DataStudio

a) Click the Record Sequence button in the Experiment Setup w i ndow. b) In the Reco rd Timer Sequ ence box, click the Start button. c) Block the beam of the photoga te twice with your finger, and click the Stop button. d) In the Record Timer Sequence box, highlight “Photogate 1 unblocked,” and click the

Delete button. (Repea t th is task for the second “Photogate 1 unblocked.”)

e) Click the OK button to accept the timing sequence.

PART IV: Create the ma thematical equation in DataStudio

a) Cli ck on the Calculate button to open the Calculator dialog. b) In the Ca lculator dialog , click the New button to create a new equation. c) In the equatio n b ox, ty pe in the equation veloci ty = 2*pi*radius/t and clic k th e Ac cept

button.

d) Define the variabl es “ r adius” and “t.” (U nder Variables, click on the arrow and select

“constan t” to def in e the variable “radius” and enter the value in the box. Under “Experiment Constants,” click the Accept button. Select “Data Measureme nt ” for “t” and select “time between gates.”

e) Click the Accept button. Your equation will appear as an icon in the Data list. To edit the

equation, double cl ic k on t he equation icon in the Data list.

PART V: Colle ct da ta a) To collect data in a display, click the Start button.

Centripetal Force Apparatus Model No. ME-8088

Appendix C: DataStudio Setup Instructions (for

ScienceWorkshop

PART I: Plug the sensors into the inte rface:

a) Plug the Photogate into channel 1 on the ScienceWorkshop interface. b) Plug the Force Sensor int o any analog channel (A, B, or C) on th e ScienceWorkshop

interface.

PART II: Set up your experiment in DataStudio

a) Open DataStudio and select “Create Experiment.” b) On the main tool ba r, click the Setup button to open the Experiment Set up w i ndow. c) In the Sensors list of the Experiment Setup window, do the following: i) Click on the

Smart Pulley ico n and drag it to digital chan nel 1 on the picture of the inte rfa ce. ii) Click on the Force Sensor icon and drag it to the same analog ch annel into which the sensor is plugged.

Part III: Create a timing sequence in DataStudio a) On the main toolbar, click the Timers button. When the Timers dialog open s , click the

New button.

b) In the Label box, type the nam e , “ time be twe en blocked.”

interfaces)

c) In the T iming Sequence menu, select “blo ck ed” and “b lo cked” and click OK. PART IV: Create the mathematical equation in Data Studio

a) Clic k on the Calculate butt on to open the Calcul ator dialog. b) In the Calc ulator dialog, click the New button to create a new equati on. c) In the equation box, type in the equati on velocity = 2*pi*radius/t and click the Accept

button.

d) Defi ne the variables “radius” a nd “t . ” (Under Variables, click on t he arrow and select

“constant” to define the variable “radius” and enter the val ue in the box. Under “Experim en t Constants,” cli ck the Accept button. S elect “Data Measurem en t” for “t” and select “time between blocked.”

e) Click the Acc ept button. Your equation w il l a ppear as an icon in the Data list. To edit the

equation, doubl e c li ck on the equation icon in the Data list .

PART V: Collect data a) To collect data in a display, click the Start button.

Model No. ME-8088 Centripetal Force Apparatus

Appendix D: Technical Support

For assistance with the ME-8088 Centripetal Force Apparatus or any other PASCO products, contact PASCO as follows:

Address: PASCO scientific

10101 Foothills Blvd.

Roseville, CA 95747-7100 Phone: (916) 786-3800 FAX: (916) 786-3292

Web: www.pasco.com Email: techsupp@pasco.com

Appendix E: Copyright and Warranty Information

The PASCO scientific 012-08478B Centripetal Force Manual is copyrighted and all rights reserved. Howeve r, permission is grant ed to non-profit educational institutions for reproduction of any pa rt of the 012-08478B Centripe tal Force Manual, providing the reproductions are use d onl y for their laboratories and are not sold for profit. Reproduction under any other circumstances, without the writt en con sent of PASCO scientific, is prohibited.

Limited Warranty

PASCO scientific warrants the product to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from th e date of shipment to the customer. PASCO will repair or replace, at its op ti on, any part of the product whic h is deemed to be defective in m a te ria l or workmanship. T he warranty does not cover damage to the product caused by abuse or improper use. Dete rm ination of whether a product failure is the result of a manufacturing defect or improper use by the customer shall be made solely by PASCO scientific. Responsibility for the return of equipment for warranty repair belongs to the customer. Equipment must be properly packed to prevent damage and shipped postage or freight prepaid. (Damage caused by improper packing of the equipment for ret urn shipment will not be covered by the warranty.) Shipping costs for returning the equipment after repair will be paid by PASCO scientific.

PASCO ME-8088 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual