Parallels Virtuozzo
Containers 4.7 for Linux
Reference Guide
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Contents
Preface ....................................................................................................................... 7
About Parallels Virtuozzo Containers ................................................................................ 8
About This Guide ............................................................................................................ 9
Organization of This Guide .......................................................................................................9
Documentation Conventions ................................................................................................. 10
Getting Help .................................................................................................................. 11
Feedback ...................................................................................................................... 12
Configuring Parallels Virtuozzo Containers 4.7 ...................................................... 13
Matrix of Parallels Virtuozzo Containers Configuration Files ............................................. 14
Global Parallels Virtuozzo Containers Configuration File ......................................................... 16
Container Configuration File ................................................................................................... 23
Linux Distribution Configuration Files ..................................................................................... 31
Network Classes Definition File .............................................................................................. 33
vzup2date Configuration File ................................................................................................. 34
vzup2date-mirror Configuration File ....................................................................................... 35
vzvpn Configuration File ......................................................................................................... 38
vzreport Configuration File ..................................................................................................... 39
Kernel Parameters ................................................................................................................. 40
Offline Management Configuration Files ................................................................................. 41
vzlmond Configuration File ..................................................................................................... 42
vzstat Configuration File......................................................................................................... 44
vzrmond Configuration File .................................................................................................... 46
vzstatrep Configuration File ................................................................................................... 49
Backup Configuration File ...................................................................................................... 51
vzrhnproxy Configuration File ................................................................................................. 54
vzpkgproxy Configuration File ................................................................................................ 55
vztt Configuration File ............................................................................................................ 56
Managing Parallels Virtuozzo Containers Scripts ............................................................ 56
Overview ............................................................................................................................... 57
Parallels Virtuozzo Containers Action Scripts ......................................................................... 58
Contents
Parallels Virtuozzo Containers Command-Line Interface ...................................... 60
Matrix of Parallels Virtuozzo Containers Command Line Utilities ...................................... 61
vzctl .............................................................................................................................. 64
vzctl create ............................................................................................................................ 66
vzctl delete and vzctl destroy ................................................................................................. 67
vzctl mount and vzctl umount ................................................................................................ 67
vzctl start, vzctl stop, vzctl restart, and vzctl status................................................................ 68
vzctl set ................................................................................................................................. 70
vzctl unset ............................................................................................................................. 79
vzctl exec, vzctl exec2, and vzctl enter .................................................................................. 79
vzctl recover and vzctl reinstall .............................................................................................. 80
vzctl quotaon, vzctl quotaoff, and vzctl quotainit .................................................................... 81
vzctl suspend and vzctl resume ............................................................................................. 81
vzctl convert .......................................................................................................................... 82
vzctl runscript ........................................................................................................................ 82
vzlist ............................................................................................................................. 83
vzlist Output Parameters and Their Specifiers ........................................................................ 85
vzquota ......................................................................................................................... 89
vzquota init ............................................................................................................................ 90
vzquota drop ......................................................................................................................... 91
vzquota on and vzquota off ................................................................................................... 91
vzquota setlimit ..................................................................................................................... 92
vzquota setlimit2 ................................................................................................................... 92
vzquota stat and vzquota show ............................................................................................. 93
Licensing Utilities ........................................................................................................... 94
vzlicload ................................................................................................................................ 94
vzlicupdate ............................................................................................................................ 95
vzlicview ................................................................................................................................ 96
Migration Utilities ........................................................................................................... 97
vzmigrate ............................................................................................................................... 97
vzmlocal .............................................................................................................................. 100
vzp2v................................................................................................................................... 101
Backing-Up Utilities ..................................................................................................... 102
vzabackup ........................................................................................................................... 103
vzarestore............................................................................................................................ 106
Contents
EZ Template Management Utilities ............................................................................... 108
vzpkg install template .......................................................................................................... 109
vzpkg update template ........................................................................................................ 109
vzpkg remove template ....................................................................................................... 110
vzpkg list ............................................................................................................................. 111
vzpkg info ............................................................................................................................ 113
vzpkg status ........................................................................................................................ 116
vzpkg install ......................................................................................................................... 117
vzpkg update ...................................................................................................................... 119
vzpkg remove ...................................................................................................................... 120
vzpkg link ............................................................................................................................ 121
vzpkg create cache ............................................................................................................. 122
vzpkg update cache ............................................................................................................ 123
vzpkg remove cache ........................................................................................................... 124
vzpkg localinstall .................................................................................................................. 125
vzpkg localupdate ............................................................................................................... 126
vzpkg upgrade .................................................................................................................... 127
vzpkg fetch .......................................................................................................................... 128
vzpkg clean ......................................................................................................................... 129
vzpkg update metadata ....................................................................................................... 130
vzpkg upgrade area ............................................................................................................. 130
vzmktmpl ............................................................................................................................. 131
vzpkgproxy .......................................................................................................................... 135
vzrhnproxy ........................................................................................................................... 136
Supplementary Tools................................................................................................... 137
vzup2date ........................................................................................................................... 137
vzup2date-mirror ................................................................................................................. 145
vzfsutil ................................................................................................................................. 146
vzcache ............................................................................................................................... 148
vzps and vztop .................................................................................................................... 149
vzsetxinetd .......................................................................................................................... 150
vzdqcheck ........................................................................................................................... 151
vzdqdump and vzdqload ..................................................................................................... 152
vznetstat .............................................................................................................................. 153
vzcpucheck ......................................................................................................................... 153
Contents
vzmemcheck ....................................................................................................................... 154
vzcalc .................................................................................................................................. 154
vzcheckovr .......................................................................................................................... 154
pstat .................................................................................................................................... 155
vzpid ................................................................................................................................... 161
vzsplit .................................................................................................................................. 161
vzcfgscale ........................................................................................................................... 162
vzcfgvalidate ........................................................................................................................ 163
vzcfgconvert ........................................................................................................................ 163
vzstatrep ............................................................................................................................. 164
vzreport ............................................................................................................................... 165
vzhwcalc ............................................................................................................................. 166
vzveconvert ......................................................................................................................... 167
vznetcfg ............................................................................................................................... 169
vzmtemplate ........................................................................................................................ 170
Glossary ................................................................................................................. 171
Index ...................................................................................................................... 173
C HAPTER 1
Preface
In This Chapter
About Parallels Virtuozzo Containers ....................................................................... 8
About This Guide ................................................................................................... 9
Getting Help ........................................................................................................... 11
Feedback ............................................................................................................... 12
Preface
About Parallels Virtuozzo Containers
Parallels Virtuozzo Containers is a patented OS virtualization solution. It creates isolated partitions
or Containers on a single physical server and OS instance to utilize hardware, software, data center
and management effort with maximum efficiency. The basic Parallels Virtuozzo Containers
capabilities are:
• Intelligent Partitioning—Division of a server into as many as hundreds of Containers with
full server functionality.
• Complete Isolation—Containers are secure and have full functional, fault and performance
isolation.
• Dynamic Resource Allocation—CPU, memory, network, disk and I/O can be changed
without rebooting.
• Mass Management—Suite of tools and templates for automated, multi-Container and multi-
server administration.
The diagram below represents a typical model of the Parallels Virtuozzo Containers system
structure:
8
Preface
The Parallels Virtuozzo Containers OS virtualization model is streamlined for the best performance,
management, and efficiency. At the base resides a standard Host operating system which can be
either Windows or Linux. Next is the virtualization layer with a proprietary file system and a kernel
service abstraction layer that ensure the isolation and security of resources between different
Containers. The virtualization layer makes each Container appear as a standalone server. Finally,
the Container itself houses the application or workload.
The Parallels Virtuozzo Containers OS virtualization solution has the highest efficiency and
manageability making it the best solution for organizations concerned with containing the IT
infrastructure and maximizing the resource utilization. The Parallels Virtuozzo Containers complete
set of management tools and unique architecture makes it the perfect solution for easily
maintaining, monitoring, and managing virtualized server resources for consolidation and business
continuity configurations.
About This Guide
This guide is a complete reference on all Parallels Virtuozzo Containers configuration files and
Hardware Node command-line utilities. It familiarizes you with the way to configure Parallels
Virtuozzo Containers to meet your requirements and to perform various tasks by using the
corresponding Parallels command line utilities.
The primary audience for this guide is anyone who is looking for an explanation of a particular
configuration option, does not understand a Parallels file format, needs help for a particular
command, or is seeking for a command to perform a certain task.
Organization of This Guide
Chapter 2, Configuring Parallels Virtuozzo Containers 4.7, explains how to configure Parallels
Virtuozzo Containers configuration files to make your Containers function more effectively.
Chapter 3, Parallels Virtuozzo Containers Command Line Interface, describes all available
Hardware Node command-line utilities together with the options and switches that can be passed
to them.
9
Preface
Preformatted
Saved parameters for Container
Monospace Bold
# rpm –V virtuozzo-release
Documentation Conventions
Before you start using this guide, it is important to understand the documentation conventions used
in it.
The table below presents the existing formatting conventions.
Formatting convention Type of Information Example
Special Bold
Italics
Monospace
Key+Key Key combinations for which the
Items you must select, such as
menu options, command buttons,
or items in a list.
Titles of chapters, sections, and
subsections.
Used to emphasize the
importance of a point, to
introduce a term or to designate a
command-line placeholder, which
is to be replaced with a real name
or value.
The names of commands, files,
and directories.
On-screen computer output in
your command-line sessions;
source code in XML, C++, or
other programming languages.
What you type, as contrasted with
on-screen computer output.
user must press and hold down
one key and then press another.
Go to the Resources tab.
Read the Basic Administration chapter.
These are the so-called EZ templates.
To destroy a Container, type vzctl
destroy ctid.
Use vzctl start to start a Container.
101
Ctrl+P, Alt+F4
Besides the formatting conventions, you should also know about the document organization
convention applied to Parallels documents: chapters in all guides are divided into sections, which,
in their turn, are subdivided into subsections. For example, About This Guide is a section, and
Documentation Conventions is a subsection.
10
Preface
Getting Help
In addition to this guide, there are a number of other resources available for Parallels Virtuozzo
Containers 4.7 which can help you use the product more effectively. These resources include:
• Manuals:
• Parallels Virtuozzo Containers 4.7 Evaluation Guide. This guide is destined to introduce
you to the main features of Parallels Virtuozzo Containers 4.7 and to its underlying
technology, to help you set up an environment for evaluating the Parallels Virtuozzo
Containers major features, and to suggest the relevant procedures for this evaluation.
• Getting Started With Parallels Virtuozzo Containers 4.7 for Linux. This guide provides
basic information on how to install Parallels Virtuozzo Containers 4.7 on your server, create
new Containers, and perform main operations on them.
• Parallels Virtuozzo Containers 4.7 for Linux Installation Guide. This guide provides
exhaustive information on the process of installing, configuring, and deploying your Parallels
Virtuozzo Containers system. As distinct from the Getting Started With Parallels Virtuozzo
Containers 4.7 for Linux guide, it contains a more detailed description of all the operations
needed to install and set Parallels Virtuozzo Containers 4.7 to work including planning the
structure of your network, performing the Parallels Virtuozzo Containers unattended
installation, etc. Besides, it does not include the description of any Container-related
operations.
• Parallels Virtuozzo Containers 4.7 for Linux User's Guide. This guide provides
comprehensive information on Parallels Virtuozzo Containers 4.7 covering the necessary
theoretical conceptions as well as all practical aspects of working with Parallels Virtuozzo
Containers. However, it does not deal with the process of installing and configuring your
system.
• Parallels Virtuozzo Containers 4.7 for Linux Templates Management Guide. This guide
is meant to provide complete information on Parallels Virtuozzo Containers templates - an
exclusive Parallels technology allowing you to efficiently deploy standard Linux applications
inside your Containers and to greatly save the Hardware Node resources (physical memory,
disk space, etc.).
• Help systems:
• Parallels Management Console Help. This help system provides detailed information on
Parallels Management Console - a graphical user interface tool for managing Hardware
Nodes and their Containers.
• Parallels Virtual Automation Online Help. This help system shows you how to work with
Parallels Virtual Automation - a tool providing you with the ability to manage Hardware
Nodes and their Containers with the help of a standard Web browser on any platform.
• Parallels Power Panel Online Help. This help system deals with Parallels Power Panel - a
means for administering individual Containers through a common Web browser on any
platform.
11
Preface
Feedback
If you spot a typo in this guide, or if you have an opinion about how to make this guide more
helpful, you can share your comments and suggestions with us by completing the Documentation
Feedback form on our website (http://www.parallels.com/en/support/usersdoc/).
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