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Parallels
Parallels Virtuozzo
Containers 4.6 for Linux
Templates Management Guide
Copyright © 1999-2010 Parallels Holdings, Ltd. and its affiliates. All
rights reserved.
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Parallels Holdings, Ltd.
c/o Parallels International GMbH.
Parallels International GmbH
Vordergasse 49
CH8200 Schaffhausen
Switzerland
Tel: + 49 (6151) 42996 - 0
Fax: + 49 (6151) 42996 - 255
www.parallels.com
Copyright © 1999-2010 Parallels Holdings, Ltd. and its affiliates. All rights reserved.
This product is protected by United States and international copyright laws. The product’s underlying
technology, patents, and trademarks are listed at http://www.parallels.com/trademarks.
Microsoft, Windows, Windows Server, Windows NT, Windows Vista, and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of
Microsoft Corporation.
Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.
Mac is a registered trademark of Apple, Inc.
All other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective owners.
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Contents
Preface 4
About Parallels Virtuozzo Containers .......................................................................................................... 5
About This Guide ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Organizati on of This Gui de............................................................................................................... 6
Documentati on Conventions ............................................................................................................. 6
Getting Help ................................................................................................................................................. 8
Feedback ...................................................................................................................................................... 8
Parallels Virtuozzo Containers Templates Overview 9
Managing EZ Templates 10
Understanding EZ Templates ..................................................................................................................... 11
EZ Templates Overview ................................................................................................................. 11
EZ Templates Basics ....................................................................................................................... 12
EZ Template Directory Structure .................................................................................................... 14
Differences Between OS and Application EZ Templates ............................................................... 16
EZ Template Lifecycle ............................................................................................................................... 17
Creating an EZ Template ........................................................................................................................... 17
Creating Metafiles for EZ Templates .............................................................................................. 18
Creating the Template with vzmktmpl ............................................................................................ 21
Setting Up Repositories and Proxy Servers for EZ Templates................................................................... 22
Managing the Default Repository ................................................................................................... 23
Creating a Local Repository ........................................................................................................... 25
Managing Repositories for Commercial Linux Distributions ......................................................... 28
Creating Proxy Servers for EZ Templates ...................................................................................... 31
Preparing OS EZ Templates for Creating Containers ................................................................................ 36
Installing Application EZ Templates ......................................................................................................... 37
Downloading and Installing EZ T e mplates with vzup2date....................................................................... 38
Uploading and Installing EZ Templates in Parallels Management Console .............................................. 41
Listing EZ Templates ................................................................................................................................. 44
Adding Application EZ Templates to Containers ...................................................................................... 46
Keeping EZ Templates Up To Date ........................................................................................................... 47
Updating EZ Templates on Hardware Node ................................................................................... 48
Updating OS EZ Template Caches ................................................................................................. 55
Updating EZ Templates Packages In Containers ............................................................................ 57
Creating Historical Mirrors for Backed Up Containers .............................................................................. 59
Copying EZ Templates to Another Hardware Node .................................................................................. 61
Removing Application EZ Template s From Containers ............................................................................ 63
Removing EZ Templates From the Hardware Node .................................................................................. 64
Converting Containers Based on Standard Templates ............................................................................... 66
Index 68
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Feedback ............................................................................................................................... 8
C
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HAPTER
Preface
In This Chapter
About Paralle ls V ir tuozzo Containers ................................................................................... 5
About This Guide .................................................................................................................. 6
Getting Help .......................................................................................................................... 8
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Preface 5
About Parallels Virtuozzo Containers
Parallels Virtuozzo Containers is a patented OS virtualization solution. It creates isolated
partitions or Containers on a single physical server and OS instance to utilize hardware,
software, data center and management effort with maximum efficiency. The basic Parallels
Virtuozzo Containers capab il ities are :
Intelligent Partitioning—Division of a server into as many as hundreds of Containers with
full server functionality.
Complete Isolation—Containers are secure and have full functional, fault and performance
isolation.
Dynamic Resource Allocation—CPU, memory, network, disk and I/O can be changed
without rebooting.
Mass Management—Suite of tools and templates for automated, multi-Container and
multi-server administration.
The diagram below represents a typical model of the Parallels Virtuozzo Containers system
structure:
The Parallels Virtuozzo Containers OS virtualization model is streamlined for the best
performance, management, and efficiency. At the base resides a standard Host operating system
which can be either Windows or Linux. Next is the virtualization layer with a proprietary file
system and a kernel service abstraction layer that ensure the isolation and security of resources
between different Containers. The virtualization layer makes each Container appear as a
standalone server. Finally, the Container itself houses the application or workload.
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The Parallels Virtuozzo Containers OS virtualization solution has the highest efficiency and
manageability making it the best solution for organizations concerned with containing the IT
infrastructure and maximizing the resource utilization. The Parallels Virtuozzo Containers
complete set of management tools and unique architecture makes it the perfect solution for
easily maintaining, monitoring, and managing virtualized server resources for consolidation and
business continuity configurations.
About This Guide
This guide is meant to provide complete information on Parallels templates—an exclusive
Parallels Virtuozzo Containers technology allowing you to efficiently deploy standard Linux
applications in Containers and to greatly save the Hardware Node resources (physical memory,
disk space, and so on). In particular, you will learn how to create your own application templates
and manage them in a number of different ways.
The primary audience for this guide is anyone who is intended to deploy one or several
applications in their Containers and looking for ways to do it with the maximal level of
efficiency. To complete all the operations described in this guide, no more than basic Linux
administration habits is required.
Organization of This Guide
Chapter 2, Parallels Virtuozzo Containers Templates Overview, provides general information on
Parallels Virtuozzo Containers templates: what templates are, how they can benefit you, what
kinds of templates exist in Parallels Virtuozzo Containers, and so on.
Chapter 3, Managing EZ Templates, provides instructions on managing OS and application EZ
templates. You will know how to create and install EZ templates on the Hardware Node, add
them to and remove them from Containers, make OS template caches and update them, and so
on.
Documentation Conventions
Before you start using this guide, it is important to understand the documentation conventions
used in it.
The table below presents the existing formatting conventions.
Formatting convention Type of Information Example
Special Bold
Items you must select, suc h as
menu options, command
buttons, or items in a list.
Titles of chapters, sections, and
subsections.
Go to the Resources tab.
Read the Basic Administration chapter.
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Preformatted
Saved parameters for Container
Monospace Bold
# rpm –V virtuozzo-release
Italics Used to emphasize the
importance of a point, to
introduce a term or to designate
a command-l ine placeholder,
These are the so-called EZ templates.
To destroy a Container, type vzctl
destroy ctid.
which is to be replaced with a
real name or value.
Monospace
The names of commands, files,
and directories.
On-screen computer output in
your command-line sessions;
Use vzctl start to start a
Container.
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source code in XML, C++, or
other programming languages.
What you type, as contrasted
with on-screen computer
output.
Key+Key Key combinations for which
Ctrl+P, Alt+F4
the user must press and hold
down one key and then pr ess
another.
Besides the formatting conventions, you should also know about the document organization
convention applied to Parallels documents: chapters in all guides are divided into sections,
which, in their turn, are subdivided into subsections. For example, About This Guide is a section,
and Documentation Conventions is a subsection.
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Getting Help
In addition to this guide, there are a number of other resources available for Parallels Virtuozzo
Containers which can help you use the product more effectively. These resources include:
Parallels Virtuozzo Containers 4.6 Installation Guide. This guide provides detailed
information on installing Parallels Virtuozzo Containers on your server, including the prerequisites and the stages you shall pass.
Getting Started With Parallels Virtuozzo Containers 4.6. This guide provides basic
information on how to install Parallels Virtuozzo Containers on your server, create new
Containers and virtual machines, and perform main operations on them. Unlike the Parallels
Virtuozzo Containers 4.6 Installation Guide, it does not contain detailed description of all
the operations needed to install and set Parallels Virtuozzo Containers to work (for example,
installing Parallels Virtuozzo Containers in unattended mode).
Parallels Virtuozzo Containers 4.6 User's Guide. This guide provides comprehensive
information on Parallels Virtuozzo Containers covering the necessary theoretical
conceptions as well as all practical aspects of working with the product. However, it does
not deal with the process of installing and configuring your system.
Parallels Virtuozzo Containers 4.6 Reference Guide. This guide is a complete reference on
all Parallels Virtuozzo Containers configuration files and command-line utilities.
Deploying Clusters in Parallels-Based Systems. This guide describes the process of creating
Parallels failover and GFS clusters using the Red Hat Cluster Suite (RHCS) software.
Parallels Management Console Help. This help system provides detailed information on
Parallels Management Console—a graphical user interface tool for managing Hardware
Nodes and Containers.
Parallels Virtual Automation Online Help. This help system shows you how to work with
Parallels Virtual Automation—a tool providing you with the ability to manage Hardware
Nodes and Containers with the help of a standard Web browser on any platform.
Parallels Power Panel Online Help. This help system deals with Parallels Power Panel—a
means for administering individual Containers through a common Web browser on any
platform.
Feedback
If you spot a typo in this guide, or if you have an opinion about how to make this guide more
helpful, you can share your comments and suggestions with us by completing the
Documentation Feedback form on our website (http://www.parallels.com/en/support/usersdoc/).
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