GFX Series
Inverter/Charger
GFX1312 GFX1424 GFX1548
Installation Manual
About OutBack Power Technologies
OutBack Power Technologies is a leader in advanced energy conversion technology. Our products
include true sine wave inverter/chargers, maximum power point tracking charge controllers, system
communication components, as well as breaker panels, breakers, accessories, and assembled systems.
Contact Information
Telephone: +1.360.435.6030 (North America)
+1.360.618.4363 (Technical Support)
+1.360.435.6019 (Fax)
Address: North America
19009 62nd Avenue NE
Arlington, WA 98223 USA
E-mail:
Web Site:
Support@outbackpower.com
www.outbackpower.com
+34.93.654.9568 (Barcelona, Spain)
Disclaimer
UNLESS SPECIFICALLY AGREED TO IN WRITING, OUTBACK POWER TECHNOLOGIES:
(a) MAKES NO WARRANTY AS TO THE ACCURACY, SUFFICIENCY OR SUITABILITY OF ANY TECHNICAL
OR OTHER INFORMATION PROVIDED IN ITS MANUALS OR OTHER DOCUMENTATION.
(b) ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY FOR LOSS OR DAMAGE, WHETHER DIRECT, INDIRECT,
CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL, WHICH MIGHT ARISE OUT OF THE USE OF SUCH INFORMATION. THE
USE OF ANY SUCH INFORMATION WILL BE ENTIRELY AT THE USER’S RISK.
Warranty Summary
OutBack Power Technologies Inc. warrants that the products it manufactures will be free from defects
in materials and workmanship for a period of two (2) years subject to the conditions set forth in the
warranty detail, found in the GFX Series Operator’s Manual.
OutBack Power Technologies cannot be responsible for system failure, damages, or injury resulting
from improper installation of their products.
Notice of Copyright
GFX Series Installation Manual © October 2010 by OutBack Power Technologies. All Rights Reserved.
Trademarks
OutBack Power is a registered trademark of OutBack Power Technologies.
Date and Revision
October 2010, Revision A
Part Number
900-0113-01-00 Rev A (for firmware revision 002.094.xxx)
Important Safety Instructions
READ AND SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS!
This manual contains important safety instructions for the GFX Series inverters. Read all instructions
and cautionary markings on the inverter and on any accessories or additional equipment included in
the installation. Failure to adhere to these instructions could result in severe shock or possible
electrocution. Exercise extreme caution at all times to prevent accidents.
Audience
These instructions are for use by qualified personnel who meet all local and governmental code
requirements for licensing and training for the installation of electrical power systems with AC and DC
voltage up to 600 volts.
Symbols Used
Symbol Description
Ground/PE
AC Current
DC Current
Single-Phase
Sine Wave
WARNING: Hazard to Human Life
This type of notation indicates that the hazard could be harmful to human life.
CAUTION: Hazard to Equipment
This type of notation indicates that the hazard may cause damage to the equipment.
IMPORTANT:
This type of notation indicates that the information provided is important to
the installation, operation and/or maintenance of the equipment. Failure to
follow the recommendations in such a notation could result in voiding the
equipment warranty.
900-0113-01-00 Rev A 1
Important Safety Instructions
Definitions
The following is a list of initials, terms, and definitions used in conjunction with this product.
Table 1 Terms and Definitions
Term Definition
AC Alternating Current; refers to voltage produced by the inverter, utility grid, or generator
AGS Automatic Generator Start
AUX Inverter’s 12-volt auxiliary output
DC Direct Current; refers to voltage produced by the batteries or renewable source
DVM Digital Voltmeter
GFDI Ground Fault Detector Interruptor; a safety device for PV systems
Grid-interactive,
grid-intertie, grid-tie
GND Ground; a permanent conductive connection to earth for safety reasons; also known as
LED Light-Emitting Diode; refers to indicators used by the inverter and the system display
Utility grid power is available for use and the inverter is a model capable of returning
(selling) electricity back to the utility grid
Chassis Ground, Protective Earth, and PE
NEU AC Neutral; also known as Common
Off-grid
On-grid Utility grid power is available for use (does not imply grid-interactive capability)
PV Photovoltaic
RE Renewable Energy
RTS Remote Temperature Sensor; accessory that measures battery temperature for charging
System display Remote interface device (such as the MATE), used for monitoring, programming and
Utility grid The electrical service and infrastructure supported by the electrical or utility company;
Utility grid power
communicating with the inverter; also called “remote system display”
also called “mains”, “utility service”, or “grid”
available for use
is not
General Safety
WARNING: Limitations on Use
This equipment is NOT intended for use with life support equipment or other medical
equipment or devices.
CAUTION: Equipment Damage
Only use components or accessories recommended or sold by OutBack Power
Technologies or its authorized agents.
2 900-0113-01-00 Rev A
IMPORTANT:
Do not attempt to install this equipment if it appears to be damaged in any way. See
the Troubleshooting Section for instructions on how to return the equipment if it is
damaged or suspected to be damaged.
Personal Safety
WARNING: Personal Injury
This equipment weighs in excess of 49 lbs (22 kg). Use safe lifting techniques when
lifting this equipment as prescribed by local codes.
Use standard safety equipment such as safety glasses, ear protection, steel-toed
safety boots, safety hard hats, etc., as prescribed by local codes when working on
this equipment.
Use standard safety practices when working with electrical equipment (e.g., remove
all jewelry, use insulated tools, wear cotton clothing, etc.).
Never work alone when installing or servicing this equipment. Have someone
nearby that can assist if necessary.
Important Safety Instructions
Inverter Safety
WARNING: Lethal Voltage
Review the system configuration to identify all possible sources of energy. Ensure
ALL sources of power are disconnected before performing any installation or
maintenance on this equipment. Confirm that the terminals are de-energized using
a validated voltmeter (rated for a minimum 1000 Vac and 1000 Vdc) to verify the
de-energized condition.
Do not perform any servicing other than that specified in the installation
instructions unless qualified to do so, or have been instructed to do so by OutBack
Power Technologies Technical Support personnel.
WARNING: Burn Hazard
Internal parts can become hot during operation. Do not remove the cover during
operation or touch any internal parts. Be sure to allow sufficient time for internal parts
to cool down before attempting to perform any maintenance.
WARNING: Fire Hazard
Do not place combustible or flammable materials within 12 feet (3.7 m) of
the equipment.
This product contains relays with moving parts and is not ignition-protected.
Ensure AC, DC, and ground cable sizes conform to local codes. See pages 18
through 21 for minimum size requirements. Ensure all conductors are in good
condition. Do not operate the unit wi
th damaged or substandard cabling.
900-0113-01-00 Rev A 3
CAUTION: Equipment Damage
When connecting cables from the inverter to the battery terminals, ensure the
proper polarity is observed. Connecting the cables incorrectly can damage or
destroy the equipment and void the product warranty.
Thoroughly inspect the equipment prior to energizing. Verify that no tools or
equipment have been inadvertently left behind.
Ensure clearance requirements are strictly enforced. Keep all vents clear of
obstructions that can prevent proper air flow around, or through, the unit.
Sensitive electronics inside the equipment can be destroyed by static electricity. Be
sure to discharge any static electricity before touching the equipment and wear
appropriate protective gear.
Battery Safety
WARNING: Explosion, Electrocution, or Fire Hazard
Important Safety Instructions
Use the battery types recommended by OutBack Power Technologies. Follow the
battery manufacturer’s recommendations for installation and maintenance.
Ensure the cables are properly sized. Failure to size the cables properly can result in
a fire hazard.
Ensure clearance requirements are strictly enforced around the batteries.
Ensure the area around the batteries is well ventilated and clean of debris.
Never smoke, or allow a spark or flame near, the batteries.
Always use insulated tools. Avoid dropping tools onto batteries or other
electrical parts.
Keep plenty of fresh water and soap nearby in case battery acid contacts skin,
clothing, or eyes.
Wear complete eye and clothing protection when working with batteries. Avoid
touching bare skin or eyes while working near batteries.
If battery acid contacts skin or clothing, wash immediately with soap and water. If
acid enters the eye, immediately flood it with running cold water for at least
20 minutes and get medical attention as soon as possible.
Never charge a frozen battery.
Insulate batteries as appropriate against freezing temperatures. A discharged
battery will freeze more easily than a charged one.
If a battery must be removed, always remove the grounded terminal from the
battery first. Make sure all devices are de-energized or disconnected to avoid
causing a spark.
If a remote or automatic generator control system is used, disable the starting
circuit and/or disconnect the generator from its starting battery while performing
maintenance to prevent accidental starting.
IMPORTANT:
Baking Soda neutralizes lead-acid battery electrolyte.
Vinegar neutralizes NiCad and NiFe battery electrolyte.
Have a supply of either substance readily available if using these types of batteries.
4 900-0113-01-00 Rev A
Recycling Information
IMPORTANT: Recycle Electronics and Batteries
Batteries are considered hazardous waste and must be recycled according to
local jurisdiction. Inverters and other electronics contain metals and plastics
that can (and should) be recycled. The following are some websites and phone
numbers that provide information regarding “how” and “where” to recycle
batteries and other electronic equipment.
OutBack Power Technologies strongly encourages you to learn about recycling
and to dispose of recyclable items accordingly. The Earth, and OutBack Power
Technologies, thanks you for that effort.
Earth 911, USA
Web site: www.Earth911.com
Address: 14646 N. Kierland Blvd., Suite 100
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
Phone: +1.480.337.3025 (direct)
Important Safety Instructions
Environmental Protection Agency, USA
Web site: www.epa.gov/recyclecity/
Phone: +1.415.947.8000
(Monday –Friday 8:00 AM to 12:00 PM and 1:00 PM to 4:00 PM PST)
Email: r9.recyclecity@epa.gov
Keep America Beautiful, USA
Web site: www.kab.org/
Address: 1010 Washington Boulevard
Stamford, CT 06901
Phone: +1.203.659.3000 (Main number)
Fax: +1.203.659.3001
Email: info@kab.org
OurEarth.org, USA
There is a place on the website for contacting OurEarth.org using email. No direct email address
is provided.
Web site: http://www.ourearth.org
Address:
Durham, NC 27715
Phone: +1.410.878.6485
P.O. Box 62133
900-0113-01-00 Rev A 5
Important Safety Instructions
National Institute of Recyclers, Mexico
Web site: http://www.inare.org.mx/
Email: a57841279@prodigy.net.mx, margarita@inare.org.mx
Phone: +1.55.57.85.9160
Fax:
+1.55.57.84.1279
Natural Resources Canada
Address: 580 Booth, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8
Phone: +1.613.995.0947
TTY: +1.613.996.4397
(Phone and TTY: Monday to Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. ET)
Web site: http://www.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/mms-smm/busi-indu/rec-rec-eng.htm
Office of Waste Management, Canada
Address: Office of Waste Management
Conservation and Protection
Environment Canada
Ottawa, Ontaro K1A 0H3
Phone: +1.819.997.2800
Web site: http://www.portaec.net/library/recycling/recycling_in_canada.html
EuroRecycle.net, Europe
The following website provides general information about recycling in Europe. It also provides a list of
companies and organizations that provide recycling information or assistance.
Web site: http://euro.recycle.net
E-mail: http://euro.recycle.net/cgi-bin/feedback1.cgi?w=27
(This is an online form providing a means to contact
the owners of the website.)
PETCore, Europe
The following website provides information about PET Recycling in Europe.
Web site: www.PETCore.org
Address: Avenue E.Van Nieuwenhuyse 4/3
B-1160
Brussels
Belgium
Fax: +.32.0.2.675.39.35
E-mail: petcore@btconnect.com
6 900-0113-01-00 Rev A
Table of Contents
Important Safety Instructions ........................................................................1
Audience .................................................................................................................................................................................1
Symbols Used ........................................................................................................................................................................1
Definitions...............................................................................................................................................................................2
General Safety .......................................................................................................................................................................2
Personal Safety......................................................................................................................................................................3
Inverter Safety .......................................................................................................................................................................3
Battery Safety.........................................................................................................................................................................4
Recycling Information ........................................................................................................................................................5
Introduction.................................................................................................9
Welcome to OutBack Power Technologies.................................................................................................................9
Models......................................................................................................................................................................................9
Components and Accessories ...................................................................................................................................... 10
Planning ....................................................................................................11
Applications ........................................................................................................................................................................ 11
Renewable Energy.........................................................................................................................................................................12
Battery Bank.....................................................................................................................................................................................12
Generator..........................................................................................................................................................................................12
Installation.................................................................................................15
Location and Environmental Requirements............................................................................................................ 15
Dimensions.......................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Tools Required.................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Mounting.............................................................................................................................................................................. 16
Terminals and Ports.......................................................................................................................................................... 17
Grounding............................................................................................................................................................................ 18
DC Wiring ............................................................................................................................................................................. 19
AC Wiring.............................................................................................................................................................................. 21
Multiple AC Sources......................................................................................................................................................................21
Accessory Wiring ...............................................................................................................................................................22
AUX Wiring .......................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Automatic Generator Start (AGS) .............................................................................................................................................24
Single-Inverter Installations........................................................................................................................................... 26
Multiple-Inverter Installations (Stacking) ................................................................................................................. 27
Classic Series Stacking (Dual-Stack).........................................................................................................................................28
Parallel Stacking (Dual-Stack and Larger)..............................................................................................................................30
Three-Phase Stacking...................................................................................................................................................................32
Functional Test................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Index .........................................................................................................35
900-0113-01-00 Rev A 7
Table of Contents
List of Tables
Table 1 Terms and Definitions......................................................................................................................2
Table 2 Components and Accessories....................................................................................................10
Table 3 Ground Conductor Size and Torque Requirements ..........................................................18
Table 4 DC Conductor Size and Torque Requirements.................................................................... 19
Table 5 AC Conductor Size and Torque Requirements ....................................................................21
List of Figures
Figure 1 GFX Series Inverter/Charger...........................................................................................................9
Figure 2 GFX Components............................................................................................................................10
Figure 3 Applications (Example) .................................................................................................................11
Figure 4 Dimensions........................................................................................................................................15
Figure 5 Terminals, Ports, and Features ...................................................................................................17
Figure 6 DC Ground Lug ................................................................................................................................18
Figure 7 AC Ground Terminals.....................................................................................................................18
Figure 8 Battery Terminal Covers................................................................................................................19
Figure 9 Required Order of Battery Cable Hardware ..........................................................................20
Figure 10 AC Terminals .....................................................................................................................................21
Figure 11 Multiple AC Sources .......................................................................................................................21
Figure 12 Accessory Connections.................................................................................................................22
Figure 13 ON/OFF Jumper and Connections............................................................................................ 22
Figure 14 AUX Connections for Vent Fan (Example) .............................................................................23
Figure 15 AUX Connections for Diversion (Example) ............................................................................23
Figure 16 Two-Wire Generator Start (Example).......................................................................................24
Figure 17 Three-Wire Generator Start (Example) ....................................................................................25
Figure 18 Single-Inverter Wiring ...................................................................................................................26
Figure 19 OutBack HUB4 and MATE............................................................................................................. 27
Figure 20 Example of Classic Series Stacking Arrangement ...............................................................28
Figure 21 Classic Series Wiring (Two Inverters) ....................................................................................... 29
Figure 22 Example of Parallel Stacking Arrangement (Three Inverters) ........................................30
Figure 23 Parallel Wiring (Four Inverters)...................................................................................................31
Figure 24 Example of Three-Phase Stacking Arrangement (Three Inverters) ..............................32
Figure 25 Three-Phase Wiring (Three Inverters)...................................................................................... 33
8 900-0113-01-00 Rev A
Introduction
Welcome to OutBack Power Technologies
Thank you for purchasing the OutBack GFX Series Inverter/Charger. This product offers a complete
power conversion system between batteries and AC power. It can provide backup power or complete
off-grid service.
Battery-to-AC inverting which delivers 120 Vac at 60 Hz
AC-to-battery charging
Rapid transfer between AC source and inverter output
with minimal delay time
Inverter load support for a small AC source
12-, 24-, and 48-volt units
Wattages from 1.3 kVA to 1.5 kVA
Stackable in series, parallel, and three-phase
configurations
Uses energy from PV, wind, and other renewable
sources if appropriate controllers are used
Grid-interactive capable
Figure 1 GFX Series Inverter/Charger
Models
The GFX Series inverters are designed for harsher environments and can survive casual exposure to
the elements. However, enclosed protection is still recommended. These inverters have an internal
fan, but do not use outside air for cooling.
GFX1312 (1.3 kVA output, 12 Vdc)
GFX1424 (1.4 kVA output, 24 Vdc)
GFX1548 (1.5 kVA output, 48 Vdc)
Inverter model numbers use the following naming convention.
Grid-interactive models (all models in this series) begin with the letter G. For example, model GFX1424 is
grid-interactive; model VFX3524 is not.
The model number includes “FX” as the inverter series.
The first two digits show the wattage of that model. For example, “GFX1312” is 1300 watts.
The second pair of digits shows the inverter’s nominal DC voltage. For example, “GFX1424” is 24 volts.
900-0113-01-00 Rev A 9
p
Each model inverter has a single phase output marked with this symbol:
Introduction
Each inverter puts out a sine wave waveform marked with this symbol:
Components and Accessories
Table 2 Components and Accessories
Installed Components Included in Box
Battery Terminal Cover, red GFX Series Installation Manual
Battery Terminal Cover, black GFX Series Operator’s Manual
AC Conduit Plate “WARNING ELECTRICAL SHOCK” sticker
DC Cover (DCC) Remote Temperature Sensor (RTS)
Silicone Grease Packet
DCC (DC COVER)
Covers the DC terminal area and provides space to
mount other com
onents such as a DC current shunt.
(this book)
AC CONDUIT PLATE
Connects to AC conduit fo
which do not utilize OutBack’s optional
FLEXware conduit boxes.
BATTERY TERMINAL COVER
Protects terminals from accidental contact. Made of stiff plastic with a snap-on design.
Always keep covers installed during normal operation.
When required, remove covers carefully using a flat-blade screwdriver inserted
into the slots on the sides of each cover.
The DCC does not replace the battery terminal covers; they must be installed in
addition to the DCC.
r installations
Figure 2 GFX Components
10 900-0113-01-00 Rev A
Planning
Applications
The GFX Series inverters are intended for on-grid, off-grid, and grid-interactive applications. These
models are designed to use a battery bank to store energy. They can work in conjunction with
photovoltaic (PV) panels to harvest solar energy, as well as wind turbines and other renewable
sources. These sources charge the battery, which in turn is used by the inverter.
In on-grid applications, grid power is used to run the loads. When excess PV (or another renewable
energy source) is available from the batteries, the inverter supports those loads with the PV. When the
PV exceeds the load requirements, the inverter sells that excess power back through its input, to the
utility grid. When the utility grid is not available, the inverter takes over to run the loads with PV and
energy stored in the battery bank.
If the inverter is used as the primary source, the grid power will be used when the batteries have been
drained. In this situation, the AC power, PV harvest, or other renewable energy can be used to
recharge the battery bank.
In off-grid applications, the inverter can use the harvested energy from the battery bank as the
primary power source. An AC generator can also be connected to support the system when required.
Figure 3 Applications (Example)
900-0113-01-00 Rev A 11
Planning
Renewable Energy
The inverter cannot connect directly to PV, wind, or other renewable sources. The batteries are the
inverter’s primary source of power. However, if these sources are used to charge the batteries, the
inverter can use their energy by drawing it from the batteries.
The renewable source is always treated as a battery charger, even if all of its power is used
immediately. The renewable source must have a charge controller or some way to prevent
overcharging. OutBack Power’s FLEXmax charge controllers can be used for this purpose, as can
other products.
Battery Bank
IMPORTANT:
Battery charger settings need to be correct for a given battery type. Always follow
battery manufacturer recommendations. Making incorrect settings, or leaving them at
factory default settings, may cause the batteries to be undercharged or overcharged.
When planning a battery bank, consider the following:
The GFX inverters work best with lead-chemistry batteries intended for deep discharge. These include
batteries for marine, golf-cart, and forklift applications. They also include gel-cell batteries and absorbed
glass-mat (AGM) batteries. OutBack Power recommends the use of batteries designed specifically for RE
applications. Automotive batteries are strongly discouraged and will have a short life if used in inverter
applications. Nickel-based batteries and lithium-ion batteries are discouraged due to limitations in the
inverter’s battery charger.
These inverters are designed to work with 12-, 24-, or 48-volt battery banks, depending on inverter model.
Before constructing a battery bank, check the inverter model and confirm nominal battery voltage.
A vented enclosure for the battery bank may be required by electric code and is recommended in most
cases for safety reasons.
CAUTION: Hazard to Equipment
Batteries can emit hydrogen sulfide gas which is corrosive over long periods of time.
Installing the inverter in the battery compartment may cause corrosion which is not
covered by the product warranty. (Sealed batteries may be an exception.)
Generator
The GFX inverters can work with any generator that delivers clean 120 Vac at 60 Hz. Inverters stacked
for split-phase output (120/240 Vac) can work with both legs of a split-phase generator. Inverters
stacked for three-phase output can work with three-phase generators.
If automatic generator starting is desired, the generator must be an electric-start model with an automatic
choke. The inverter can only perform two-wire starting. (See page 24.) For other starting configurations,
additional equipment is required
In all cases, the inverter must be programmed appropriately using a remote system display. (See the
GFX Series Operator’s Manual and the system display manual.)
.
12 900-0113-01-00 Rev A
Planning
Generator Sizing
A generator should be sized to provide enough power for all the loads and the battery charger.
Available generator power may be limited by ratings for circuit breakers and/or generator connectors.
The generator must be able to provide current to all inverters on a given phase or leg. Minimum generator
wattage* is usually recommended to be twice the wattage of the inverter system. Many portable generators
may not be able to maintain AC voltage or frequency for long periods of time if they are loaded more than
80% of rated capacity.
(*after de-ratings for peak versus continuous power, for load power factor considerations, for altitude, and
for ambient temperature.)
A generator that is to be installed in a building should not have a bond between the neutral and ground
connections.
In addition, if a split-phase 120/240 Vac generator is powering a single-phase 120 Vac inverter system with
no other compensation, it is
generator that is heavily loaded on one output leg may suffer severely from balancing issues.) The OutBack
FW-X240 or PSX-240 balancing transformers may compensate for this condition.
required
to be at least twice the wattage of the inverters. (A split-phase
900-0113-01-00 Rev A 13
NOTES:
Planning
14 900-0113-01-00 Rev A
Installation
Location and Environmental Requirements
The GFX Series inverters can be located outdoors, but OutBack still recommends that they be
protected from the environment.
If protected from the environment, the inverter can mount in any position or orientation. If exposed to the
environment, it cannot be placed upside-down to ensure that water will not accumulate under the DC
cover. (It can be mounted in any other position or orientation.)
For installations where the inverter may be exposed to water spray, the inverter must be mounted either
with the base down (shelf mounting) or with the AC wiring compartment facing down (wall mounting). If
mounted with the base down, water cannot be allowed to accumulate around the inverter’s base. There is a
drainage system on the base of the inverter to dispel condensation. If submerged, water can enter this drain
and cause failure.
The inverter will perform more efficiently in locations offering plenty of air circulation. The recommended
minimum clearance is 2 to 4 inches (5 to 10 cm) on all sides of the inverter.
The inverter will function to all of its specifications if operated in a range of 32 °F to 122 °F (0 °C to 50 °C).
Note that the inverter’s maximum wattage will derate in temperatures above 77 °F (25 °C).
The inverter will function, but will not necessarily meet its specifications, if operated in a temperature range
of –40 °F to 140 °F (–40 °C to 60 °C). This is also the allowable temperature range for storage. (The
specifications are listed in the GFX Series Operator’s Manual.)
Dimensions
Length 16.25” (41 cm)
Width
8.25” (21 cm)
Height
13” (33 cm)
Figure 4 Dimensions
900-0113-01-00 Rev A 15
Installation
Tools Required
Wire cutters/strippers
Torque wrenches
Assorted insulated screwdrivers
DVM or Voltmeter
Mounting
It is easier for two people to install the GFX inverter due to its weight.
The unit must be secured with appropriate fasteners to a sturdy mounting surface capable of supporting its
weight. OutBack cannot be responsible for damage if inadequate fasteners are used.
The unit has four mounting holes, one in each corner. Use fasteners in all four corners for a secure
installation.
Due to the variance in other mounting methods, OutBack only endorses the use of FLEXware or previous
versions of its mounting plate. Use M6 x 20 mm machine screws, one per corner, to attach the inverter to
the mounting plate. Follow the instructions with each mounting system.
If mounting the inverter on other surfaces such as plywood, wall studs, or masonry, use appropriate
fasteners to support its weight. OutBack cannot be responsible for damage to the product if it is attached
with inadequate fasteners.
Mount and secure each component before attaching any wiring.
When the inverter is used with other metal chassis, make sure that all chassis are grounded appropriately.
(See the grounding instructions on page 18.) Grounding other chassis may involve metal-to-metal contact,
or sepa
rate gr
ound wires.
IMPORTANT:
If using an OutBack FLEXware Mounting Plate, avoid large air gaps behind the plate.
These can result in louder mechanical noise during heavy inverting or charging.
16 900-0113-01-00 Rev A
Installation
Terminals and Ports
DC TERMINALS
cables and DC system. See page 19 for
instructions.
CONTROL WIRING TERMINAL BLOCK:
Receives control wires for a variety of
functions, including automatic generator
starting. See pages 23 and 24 for
instructions and the GFX Series Operator’s
Manual for more information.
The Terminal Block can be unplugged from the
AC board for convenience. While installed,
keep screws tight and the block itself secured
tightly to the AC board, to prevent malfunction.
INVERTER ON/OFF
on/off switch to control the inverter. The jumper
alongside (JP1) disables these terminals when
installed (factory default). In this state, the inverter is
always ON and can only be controlled by the system
display. See page 22 for instructions.
AUX OUTPUT (AUX+/AUX-): Delivers 12 Vdc up
to 0.7 amps (8.4 watts). The output can be
switched on and off for many functions. The
default function is to drive a cooling fan. See page
23 for hookup instructions. See the system display
manual for programming instructions.
AUX LED INDICATOR: Amber LED turns on when
12 Vdc output is present.
:
Connect to battery
: R
eceives wires for a manual
DC and AC GROUND TERMINALS
Connect to grounding system for
both batteries and AC. See page 18
for instructions.
AC TERMINAL BLOCK
AC input and output wires. See
page 21 for instructions.
XCT+/XCT- : Non-operational
terminals. Do not connect
anything to them.
MATE and RTS PORTS: Receive
the RJ45 and RJ11 plugs from the
system display and Remote
Temp Sensor. See page 22 for
instructions.
The jacks are mounted sideways.
When viewed from the left side,
they appear as shown below.
LED INDICATORS
contains extensive descriptions of the LED functions.
The three BATTERY LEDs (green, yellow, and red) are based on DC voltage, and
provide a very general idea of battery state.
The green INVERTER LED tells if the inverting function is on.
The yellow AC IN LED tells if an AC source is present.
The
red ERROR LED indicates either a Warning or an Error. A Warning is an alert for
a problem that is not severe enough for shutdown. An Error usually accompanies
inverter shutdown. See the Operator’s Manual for more information.
:
Display the unit status and battery voltage. The Operator’s Manual
:
Receives
:
Figure 5 Terminals, Ports, and Features
WARNING: Shock Hazard
The inverter’s AC output is defaulted to ON from the factory. It will deliver 120 Vac as soon as DC power is
connected.
900-0113-01-00 Rev A 17
Installation
Grounding
WARNING: Shock Hazard
The unit must be connected to a grounded, permanent wiring system. If a bond is made
between neutral and ground make sure only one bond is present in the AC system at any
time. Some codes require the bond to be made at the main panel only.
WARNING: Shock Hazard
For all installations, the negative battery conductor should be bonded to the grounding
system at only one point. If the OutBack GFDI is present, it can provide the bond.
IMPORTANT:
OutBack products are not designed for use in a positive-grounded system. If it is necessary
to build a positive-ground system with OutBack products, contact OutBack Technical
Support at
www.outbackpower.com/forum/
360.618.4363
before proceeding. Additionally, consult the online forum at
, where this subject has been discussed extensively.
Table 3 Ground Conductor Size and Torque Requirements
Terminal Location Minimum Conductor Size Torque Requirements
Center AC Terminals
DC Box Lug
#8 AWG or 0.016 in (10 mm) 25 in-lbs (2.8 Nm)
#6 AWG or 0.025 in (16 mm) 45 in-lbs (5.1 Nm)
The inverter’s DC ground is a box lug located next to
the negative DC battery terminal. Local codes or
regulations may require the DC ground to be run
separately from the AC ground. Also, if present, it will
be necessary to remove the DC Cover before making
the ground connection.
Figure 6 DC Ground Lug
The two Chassis Ground/PE terminals are electrically
common. Only one terminal can be used if
connecting to an external ground bus. The other
terminal may be used if connecting to a device with
its own ground wire, such as a generator.
Figure 7 AC Ground Terminals
18 900-0113-01-00 Rev A
DC Wiring
Installation
CAUTION: Equipment Damage
Never reverse the polarity of the battery cables. Always use correct polarity.
CAUTION: Fire Hazard
Always install a breaker, fuse, or protective device to protect the DC system.
Table 4 DC Conductor Size and Torque Requirements
Inverter Nominal DC Amps
GFX1312
GFX1424
GFX1548
(Derated 125%)
130 2/0 AWG or 0.105 in (70 mm) 175 Adc
70 1/0 AWG or 0.083 in (70 mm) 125 Adc
37.5 #1 AWG or 0.066 in (50 mm) 100 Adc
Conductor Size
(Minimum)
Breaker Size
Terminal Location Torque Requirements
Inverter DC Terminals 35 in-lb (4.0 Nm)
Battery Terminals See battery manufacturer’s recommendations
When installing DC cables:
Note minimum sizes in Table 4, but refer to local codes for absolute cable size recommendations.
Battery
loss and other effects.
Always install breakers or fuses on the positive cable.
The cables listed above are for each inverter in a system. In a system with multiple inverters, each inverter
requires its own cables and breakers of the size indicated.
The inverter’s battery terminal is a threaded stud which accepts a ring terminal lug. Use crimped and sealed
copper ring lugs with 5/16 in (0.79 cm) holes, or use compression lugs.
Tie, tape, or twist cables together to reduce self-inductance. Run positive and negative cables through the
same knockouts and conduit.
Make certain the DC breaker is turned to the off position, or the fuse is removed, before proceeding.
positive and negative cables should be no longer than 10 feet (3 meters) each, to minimize voltage
If present, remove the battery
terminal covers. These are made of
astic with a snap-on design.
stiff pl
Remove carefully using a flat
screwdriver inserted into the slots
on the sides of each cover.
Figure 8 Battery Terminal Covers
900-0113-01-00 Rev A 19
Install battery cable lug, nuts and washers in the
T
order illustra
first item installed on the stud. It should make solid
contact with the mounting surface. Do not install
hardware in a different order than shown.
ted.
he battery cable lug should be the
Figure 9 Required Order of Battery Cable Hardware
CAUTION: Fire Hazard
Never install extra washers or hardware between the mounting surface and the
battery cable lug. The decreased surface area can build up heat.
13 mm Nut
Flat Washe
Mounting Surface
Insulator
Installation
M8 x 1.25 Stud
r
Lock Washer
Battery
Cable Lug
20 900-0113-01-00 Rev A
Installation
T
T
T
AC Wiring
Table 5 AC Conductor Size and Torque Requirements
Conductor Size Recommendation Torque Requirements
Minimum #6 AWG or 0.025 in (16 mm) 35 in-lbs (4.0 Nm)
he AC Hot Out terminal connects
to the load panel. It can carry up
to 60 amps using the inverter’s
transfer relay. Use the inverter
wattage to determine actual
maximum load. Size the breakers
accordingly.
he AC Hot In terminal brings
power from the AC source. It
powers both battery charger and
loads. Use the source amperage to
determine actual maximum draw.
Size the breakers accordingly.
he two Neutral terminals
are electrically common.
Use only one terminal if
connecting to an external
neutral bus. (An external
bus is often placed in the
main electrical panel,
which is the Loads panel
shown in Figure 11). Use
the other terminal if
connecting to a device
with its own neutral wire,
such as a generator.
Figure 10 AC Terminals
Multiple AC Sources
It is usually required to have a selector switch that changes between
multiple AC sources. The switch should be the type which disconnects
from one source before contacting another. This prevents the risk of
connecting to two out-of-phase sources at the same time or connecting
them to each other.
Figure 11 Multiple AC Sources
All system wiring must comply with national and local codes and regulations.
The arrow between the output
neutral and ground wires
indicates that these two wires
have been bonded together,
usually at the main electrical
panel. Only one bond should be
made between neutral and
ground at any time. If a generator
is present in a building-based
installation, its neutral and ground
should be isolated.
IMPORTANT:
When installing a generator, it is recommended to turn off the GFX inverter’s Sell
feature. See the system display manual for instructions.
900-0113-01-00 Rev A 21
Installation
T
T
Accessory Wiring
he AC Wiring Compartment Board has ports for
both the Remote Temperature Sensor (RTS) and
the system display. (The system display port is
labeled MATE/HUB.)
If a HUB is in use, it occupies the inverter’s
MATE/HUB port.
RTS cable (RJ11,
4-conductor,
telephone)
MATE cable (RJ45,
8-conductor, CAT5
non-crossover)
Figure 12 Accessory Connections
RTS port
MATE/HUB port
See the Operator’s
Manual for more
information on
the RTS.
When a HUB occupies the inverter’s MATE/HUB port, the system
display connects directly to the HUB.
Inverters plug into ports 1 and above. Charge controllers and
other devices plug into additional ports after the last inverter is
connected. See Stacking on page 27 for information on
connecting inverters. See the HUB manual for other devices.
Additional
Ports
MATE
port
he INVERTER ON/OFF jumper bridges two pins. This jumper (JP1)
parallels the two INVERTER ON/OFF terminals on the Control
Wiring Terminal Block. If either set of connections is closed, the
inverter is ON. (Because the jumper is factory-installed, the inverter
usually remains ON unless given a command by the system display.)
Removing the jumper will turn the
inverter OFF. To remove the jumper,
use long-nose pliers or a similar tool.
Once the plastic INVERTER ON/OFF
Jumper On
Jumper Off
jumper has been removed, the INVERTER
ON/OFF terminals on the Control Wiring
Terminal Block can be used to wire a
manual on/off switch.
Figure 13 ON/OFF Jumper and Connections
22 900-0113-01-00 Rev A
Installation
T
AUX Wiring
The AUX+ and AUX– terminals are a switched 12 Vdc supply. The AUX can respond to many criteria
and control many functions. These include cooling fans, vent fans, load diversion, fault alarms, and
automatic generator control. The AUX output can also be controlled externally through the system
display. (For generator control, see the next page. For all other functions, see the system display
manual and the GFX Series Operator’s Manual.) The AUX can only control one function at a time.
The terminals can supply up to 0.7 amps at 12 Vdc (8.4 watts). This is sufficient to drive a small fan, or a
relay which can control a larger device. The terminals accept up to #14 AWG (2.5 mm) wire.
The AUX circuit contains electronic overcurrent protection, which resets after being overloaded. No
additional fuses are required for the AUX terminals.
In this example, the AUX
directly drives a 12-volt vent
fan. The + and – wires on
the fan are connected to the
AUX+ and AUX– terminals.
he AUX LED
illuminates when the
AUX output
becomes active.
Fan
Figure 14 AUX Connections for Vent Fan (Example)
In this example, the AUX drives a relay that
diverts wind power. The relay’s coil is connected
to the AUX+ and AUX– terminals. When the AUX
closes the relay (based on battery voltage), the
relay diverts the excess wind power to a water
heating element.
Note: Relays and elements shown are examples only
and may vary depending on the installation.
Turbine
Relay
Element
Figure 15 AUX Connections for Diversion (Example)
900-0113-01-00 Rev A 23
Installation
Automatic Generator Start (AGS)
The AUX terminals can be used to perform “two-wire” generator start. A two-wire-start generator is
the simplest type, where most of the circuits are automated. It usually has a single switch with two
positions that is turned ON to start, OFF to stop.
Either the system display or the FLEXnet DC can be programmed to perform automatic generator start
using the AUX terminals. See the system display or FLEXnet manuals for programming instructions.
The 12 Vdc signal provided by the AUX can be switched on and off to provide a start signal. It is not
usually recommended to connect the AUX directly to the generator, but to energize a 12 Vdc
automotive or similar relay with it. (Depicted is the OutBack FLEXware Relay Assembly, which is sold
for this purpose.) The relay contacts can conduct power to start the generator from the battery (or
whatever source is used).
The drawing below is one example of a possible arrangement. Specific arrangements, relays, and
other elements depend on the requirements of the installation and of the generator. (Note that it is
more common for the battery to be incorporated in the generator.)
Battery
Relay
Two-Wire-Start
Generator
Figure 16 Two-Wire Generator Start (Example)
24 900-0113-01-00 Rev A
Installation
A “three-wire-start” generator has two or more starting circuits. It usually has a separate switch or
position for cranking the generator. The AUX terminals cannot control this type of generator without
using a three-wire to two-wire conversion kit.
Atkinson Electronics
(http://atkinsonelectronics.com)
s these kits, among other co
make
mpanies.
The Atkinson GSCM-Mini is designed to work with OutBack inverters and others.
The drawing below is one example of a possible arrangement. Specific arrangements, relays, and
other elements depend on the requirements of the installation and of the generator.
Atkinson
GSCM-Mini
Three-Wire-Start
Generator
Figure 17 Three-Wire Generator Start (Example)
900-0113-01-00 Rev A 25
Installation
Single-Inverter Installations
When installing an inverter AC system, the following rules must be observed.
All wiring and input breakers must be sized for 60 Aac or less.
All output breakers must be sized appropriately for loads and inverter wattage.
Figure 18 Single-Inverter Wiring
26 900-0113-01-00 Rev A
Installation
ort
Multiple-Inverter Installations (Stacking)
Installing multiple inverters in a single AC system allows larger loads than a single inverter can handle.
This requires stacking. Stacking inverters does not refer to physically placing one on top of another. It
refers to how they are wired within the system and then programmed to coordinate activity. Stacking
allows all units to work together as a single system.
Examples of stacking configurations include “series”, “parallel”, and “three-phase” configurations.
Stacking Connections
Stacking requires an OutBack HUB pr
oduct, as well as a
system display such as the OutBack MATE.
(The MATE must have firmware revision 4.1.6 or above.) A system using four or fewer units may use
the HUB4. Systems using up to ten units require the HUB10. All interconnections are made using
CAT5 non-crossover cable.
HUB4 MATE
Additi
onal Ports
P
1
MATE Port
Figure 19 OutBack HUB4 and MATE
Each inverter must be assigned a status — “master” or “slave”. The master is the primary and most
heavily used unit. The master inverter’s MATE/HUB port must connect to port 1 on the HUB.
Slave inverters provide assistance when the loads are more than the master can handle alone. Slaves
plug into ports 2 and above on the HUB. In general, it does not matter which slave connects to which
port. However, it is always important to keep track of units and ports for programming purposes.
Programming involves using the system display to assign a status and stacking value to the inverter
on each port. Each inverter is assigned to power a specified phase of the system. These assignments
can be changed at any time as long as the master is plugged into port 1.
IMPORTANT:
The master inverter must always be connected to port 1 on the HUB. Connecting it
elsewhere, or connecting a slave to port 1, will result in backfeed or output voltage
errors which will shut the system down immediately.
Installing multiple inverters without stacking them (or stacking them improperly)
will result in similar errors and shutdown.
Although stacking allows greater capacity, the loads, wiring, and breakers must still
be sized appropriately. Overloading may cause breakers to trip or the inverters to
shut down.
900-0113-01-00 Rev A 27
Installation
Classic Series Stacking (Dual-Stack)
In “classic” series stacking, two inverters create two separate 120 Vac output phases (“legs”). One leg
is the master. The other is the slave, which creates a 120 Vac output that is intentionally 180° out of
phase with the master. Each of these legs can be used to power a separate set of 120 Vac loads.
Collectively they form a “split-phase” configuration. This configuration produces 240 Vac, which can
be used to power 240 Vac loads when both inverters work together.
The two legs operate independently of each other. Each can run in independent Search mode if desired.
The 120 Vac loads on each leg cannot exceed a given inverter’s wattage. The second inverter cannot assist.
Only two inverters, one per phase, may be installed in a classic series arrangement.
1.3 kVA
120 Vac
1.3 kVA 120 Vac
2.6 kVA
240 Vac
1.3 kVA
120 Vac
1.3 kVA 120 Vac
Figure 20 Example of Classic Series Stacking Arrangement
When installing a series inverter system, the following rules must be observed.
Series stacking requires a MATE and HUB.
The inverter that is mounted physically lowest is always the master and is programmed as
system display manual for programming.) Mounting below the other inverters allows the master to avoid
heat buildup and remain relatively cool, as it sees the greatest duty cycle.
The master must be connected to port 1 of the HUB. Other inverters must not be selected as master.
The slave inverter must be selected as a
All inverter wiring and input breakers must be sized for 60 Aac or less.
All output breakers must be sized appropriately for loads and inverter wattage.
Both inverters must be of the same model.
The AC input (generator or utility grid) must be 120/240 Vac (split-phase).
When wiring the AC source to the inverters, local codes may require the inverter breakers to be located at
the bottom of the main panel. This prevents overloading of the AC bus.
Classic Slave
during programming.
Master
. (See the
28 900-0113-01-00 Rev A
Installation
Figure 21 Classic Series Wiring (Two Inverters)
900-0113-01-00 Rev A 29
Installation
Parallel Stac u
king (D al-Stack and Larger)
In parallel stacking, two or more inverters are stacked to create a single, common 120 Vac bus.
All inverters share a common input (AC source) and run loads on a common output.
Up to ten inverters may be installed in a parallel arrangement. The example on this page shows three
inverters. The wiring diagram on the next page shows four.
3.9 kVA
1.3 kVA 120 Vac
1.3 kVA 120 Vac
1.3 kVA 120 Vac
Figure 22 Example of Parallel Stacking Arrangement (Three Inv
When installing a paral
Parallel stacking requires a system display and a HUB.
The inve
system display manual for programming.) Mounting b
heat buildup and remain relatively cool, as it sees the greatest duty cycle.
The master must be connected to port 1 of the HUB. Other inverters must not be selected as master.
All slave inverters, regardless of quantity, should be selected as
All inverter wiring and input breakers must be sized for 60 Aac or less.
All inverters must be of the same model.
The AC input (generator or utility grid) must be 120 Vac at 60 Hz (single
When wiring the AC source to the inverter
the bottom of the main panel. This prevents overloading of the AC bus.
rter that is mounted physically lowest is always the master and is pr
lel system, the following rules must be observed.
elow the other inverters allows the master to avoid
OB Slave L
-phase).
s, local codes may require the inverter breakers to be located at
120 Vac
erters)
ogrammed as
during programming.
1
Master
. (See the
30 900-0113-01-00 Rev A
Installation
Figure 23 Parallel Wiring (Four Inverters)
900-0113-01-00 Rev A 31
Installation
Three-Phase Stacking
In three-phase stacking, inverters are stacked to create three separate 120 Vac output legs in a wye
configuration.
The output of each inverter is 120° out of phase from the others. Any two outputs produce 208 Vac
between them. The outputs can be used to power three-phase loads when all inverters work together.
Only three inverters, one per phase, may be installed in a three-phase arrangement.
1.3 kVA 120 Vac
1.3 kVA 120 Vac
1.3 kVA 120 Vac
1.3 kVA
120 Vac
1.3 kVA
120 Vac
1.3 kVA
120 Vac
3.9 kVA
208 Vac
Figure 24 Example of Three-Phase Stacking Arrangement (Three Inverters)
When installing a three-phase system, the following rules must be observed.
Three-phase stacking requires a system display and a HUB.
The inverter that is mounted physically lowest is always the master and is programmed as
system display manual for programming.) Mounting below the other inverters allows the master to avoid
heat buildup and remain relatively cool, as it sees the greatest duty cycle.
The master must be connected to port 1 of the HUB. Other inverters must not be selected as master.
One slave inverter must be programmed as
(See the system display manual for programming.)
The inverters should be wired to loads, and to AC sources, in phase order. The master should be phase A,
the first slave should be phase B, and the second slave should be phase C.
All inverter wiring and input breakers must be sized for 60 Aac or less.
All inverters must be of the same model.
The AC input (generator or utility grid) must be 120/208 Vac at 60 Hz (a three-phase wye configuration).
When wiring the AC source to the inverters, local codes may require the inverter breakers to be located at
the bottom of the main panel. This prevents overloading of the AC bus.
IMPORTANT:
Although the HUB manual states that it is necessary to move the HUB’s jumper to the
three-phase position, that statement is not applicable for this model. The jumper must
be left in its original position.
3p Classic B
. The other must be programmed as
Master
3p Classic C
. (See the
.
32 900-0113-01-00 Rev A
Installation
Figure 25 Three-Phase Wiring (Three Inverters)
900-0113-01-00 Rev A 33
Installation
Functional Test
Once the mounting, wiring, and other installation steps are completed, proceed to the GFX Series
Operator’s Manual. The Operator’s Manual has steps for powering up and performing a functional test
on the inverter system, as well as powering down and adding new devices to an existing system.
Refer to the system display manual for programming instructions and menus.
34 900-0113-01-00 Rev A
A
Index
F
AC Conduit Plate................................................................10
AC Terminals.......................................................................17
AC Wiring .............................................................................21
AGS...........................................................................................2
Applications ........................................................................11
Audience ................................................................................1
Automatic Generator Start........................................2, 24
AUX...........................................................................................2
AUX Terminals....................................................................17
B
Battery Bank........................................................................12
Battery Terminal Covers...........................................10, 19
C
Classic Series Stacking .....................................................28
Communication Cables............................................22, 27
Components .......................................................................10
Conductor Size
AC Conductors..............................................................21
DC Conductors .............................................................19
Ground Conductors....................................................18
Control Wiring Terminal Block......................................17
Features.................................................................................. 9
Functional Test...................................................................34
G
Generator................................... 11, 12, 21, 24, 26, 30, 32
Sizing................................................................................13
GFDI...................................................................................2, 18
Grid-Interactive............................................................. 2, 11
Grounding.....................................................................17, 18
H
HUB .................................................................................22, 27
J
Jumper JP1 ...................................................................17, 22
L
LED Indicators................................................................ 2, 17
Location................................................................................15
M
D
DC Cover (DCC) ...........................................................10, 15
DC Terminals................................................................17, 20
DC Wiring.............................................................................19
Definitions..............................................................................2
Dimensions..........................................................................15
Diversion Control...............................................................23
Drawings
General System Layout..............................................11
Parallel-Stacked System.............................................31
Single-Inverter System...............................................26
Three-Phase System....................................................33
DVM...................................................................................2, 16
E
Environmental Requirements.......................................15
900-0113-01-00 Rev A 35
MATE........................................................................17, 22, 27
Models.....................................................................................9
Mounting..............................................................................16
Multiple AC Sources..........................................................21
O
On/Off Switch, Installing.................................................22
P
Parallel Stacking.................................................................30
Ports, RJ45 and RJ11..................................................17, 22
R
Recycling Information........................................................5
Remote System Display.............................................. 2, 12
Remote Temperature Sensor (RTS) ..........2, 10, 17, 22
Renewable Energy ............................................................12
S
Safety.......................................................................................1
Battery ...............................................................................4
General..............................................................................2
Inverter..............................................................................3
Personal ............................................................................3
Stacking ................................................................................27
Classic Series..................................................................28
Parallel.............................................................................30
Three-Phase...................................................................32
Symbols Used .......................................................................1
System Display 2, 12, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 30, 32, 34
T
Temperatures......................................................................15
Terms and Definitions........................................................2
Test.........................................................................................34
Three-Phase Stacking.......................................................32
Index
Tools Required....................................................................16
Torque Requirements
AC Terminals .................................................................21
DC Terminals.................................................................19
Ground Terminals........................................................18
U
Utility Grid............................................2, 11, 21, 26, 30, 32
V
Vent Fan................................................................................23
W
Wiring
AC Connections............................................................21
AUX Connections.........................................................23
DC Connections............................................................19
Ground Connections..................................................18
Parallel (Three Inverters)............................................31
Three-Phase (Three Inverters) .................................33
X
XCT .........................................................................................17
36 900-0113-01-00 Rev A
Index
900-0113-01-00 Rev A 37
North America
19009 62nd Avenue NE
Arlington, WA 98223 USA
+1.360.435.6030
900-0113-01-00 Rev A
Europe:
Barcelona, Spain
+34.93.654.9568
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