OutBack Power Technologies is a leader in advanced energy conversion technology. Our products
include true sine wave inverter/chargers, maximum power point tracking charge controllers, and
system communication components, as well as circuit breakers, batteries, accessories, and
assembled systems.
Sales, Marketing, & Warranty
6115 – 192nd Street NE
Arlington, WA 98223 USA
Disclaimer
UNLESS SPECIFICALLY AGREED TO IN WRITING, OUTBACK POWER TECHNOLOGIES:
(a) MAKES NO WARRANTY AS TO THE ACCURACY, SUFFICIENCY OR SUITABILITY OF ANY TECHNICAL
OR OTHER INFORMATION PROVIDED IN ITS MANUALS OR OTHER DOCUMENTATION.
(b) ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY FOR LOSS OR DAMAGE, WHETHER DIRECT, INDIRECT,
CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL, WHICH MIGHT ARISE OUT OF THE USE OF SUCH INFORMATION. THE
USE OF ANY SUCH INFORMATION WILL BE ENTIRELY AT THE USER’S RISK.
Warranty Summary
OutBack Power Technologies warrants that the products it manufactures will be free from defects in
materials and workmanship for a period of five (5) years subject to the conditions set forth in the
warranty detail, found in the International Series GFX Operator’s Manual.
OutBack Power Technologies cannot be responsible for system failure, damages, or injury resulting
from improper installation of their products.
OutBack Power is a registered trademark of OutBack Power Technologies.
Date and Revision
February 2012, Revision B
Part Number
900-0111-01-00 Rev B (for firmware revision 002.094.xxx)
Important Safety Instructions
READ AND SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS!
This manual contains important safety instructions for the International Series GFX inverters. Read all
instructions and cautionary markings on the inverter and on any accessories or additional equipment
included in the installation. Failure to follow these instructions could result in severe shock or possible
electrocution. Use extreme caution at all times to prevent accidents.
Audience
These instructions are for use by qualified personnel who meet all local and governmental code
requirements for licensing and training for the installation of electrical power systems with AC and DC
voltage up to 600 volts.
Symbols Used
Symbol Description
Ground/PE
AC Current
DC Current
Single-Phase
∅
Sine Wave
WARNING: Hazard to Human Life
This type of notation indicates that the hazard could be harmful to human life.
CAUTION: Hazard to Equipment
This type of notation indicates that the hazard may cause damage to the equipment.
IMPORTANT:
This type of notation indicates that the information provided is important to
the installation, operation and/or maintenance of the equipment. Failure to
follow the recommendations in such a notation could result in voiding the
equipment warranty.
900-0111-01-00 Rev B 1
Important Safety Instructions
Definitions
The following is a list of initials, terms, and definitions used with this product.
Table 1 Terms and Definitions
Term Definition
AC Alternating Current; refers to voltage produced by the inverter, utility grid, or generator
AGS Advanced Generator Start
AUX Inverter’s 12-volt auxiliary output
CE Conformité Européenne; French for “European Conformity”; a marking on OutBack
products indicating that they meet certain European Union requirements
DC Direct Current; refers to voltage produced by the batteries or renewable source
DCC DC Cover
DVM Digital Voltmeter
GFDI Ground Fault Detector Interruptor; a safety device for PV systems
Grid-interactive,
grid-intertie, grid-tie
Utility grid power is available for use and the inverter is a model capable of returning
(selling) electricity back to the utility grid
GND Ground; a permanent conductive connection to earth for safety reasons; also known as
Chassis Ground, Protective Earth, and PE
LED Light-Emitting Diode; refers to indicators used by the inverter and the system display
NEU AC Neutral; also known as Common
Off-grid
On-grid Utility grid power is available for use (does not imply grid-interactive capability)
PV Photovoltaic
RE Renewable Energy
RTS Remote Temperature Sensor; accessory that measures battery temperature for charging
System display Remote interface device (such as the MATE or MATE3), used for monitoring,
Utility grid The electrical service and infrastructure supported by the electrical or utility company;
Utility grid power
programming and communicating with the inverter; also called “remote system display”
also called “mains”, “utility service”, or “grid”
available for use
is not
General Safety
WARNING: Limitations on Use
This equipment is NOT intended for use with life support equipment or other medical
equipment or devices.
2900-0111-01-00 Rev B
CAUTION: Equipment Damage
Only use components or accessories recommended or sold by OutBack Power
Technologies or its authorized agents.
IMPORTANT:
Do not attempt to install this equipment if it appears to be damaged in any way. See
the Warranty section for instructions on returning the equipment.
Personal Safety
WARNING: Personal Injury
¾
This equipment weighs in excess of 22 kg (49 lb). Use safe lifting techniques when
lifting this equipment as prescribed by local codes.
¾
Use standard safety equipment such as safety glasses, ear protection, steel-toed
safety boots, safety hard hats, etc., as prescribed by local codes when working on
this equipment.
¾
Use standard safety practices when working with electrical equipment. (Remove all
jewelry, use insulated tools, wear cotton clothing, etc.)
¾
Never work alone when installing or servicing this equipment. Have someone
nearby that can assist if necessary.
Important Safety Instructions
Inverter Safety
WARNING: Lethal Voltage
¾
Review the system configuration to identify all possible sources of energy. Ensure
ALL sources of power are disconnected before performing any installation or
maintenance on this equipment. Confirm that the terminals are de-energized
using a validated voltmeter (rated for a minimum 1000 Vac and 1000 Vdc) to verify
the de-energized condition.
¾
Do not perform any servicing other than that specified in the installation
instructions unless qualified to do so, or have been instructed to do so by OutBack
Power Technologies Technical Support personnel.
WARNING: Burn Hazard
Internal parts can become hot during operation. Do not remove the cover during
operation or touch any internal parts. Be sure to allow sufficient time for internal parts
to cool down before attempting to perform any maintenance.
WARNING: Fire Hazard
¾
Do not place combustible or flammable materials within 3.7 m (12 feet) of
the equipment.
¾
This product contains relays with moving parts and is not ignition-protected.
¾
Ensure AC, DC, and ground cable sizes conform to local codes. See pages 18
through 21 for minimum size requirements. Ensure all conductors are in good
condition. Do not operate the unit with damaged or substandard cabling.
900-0111-01-00 Rev B 3
Important Safety Instructions
CAUTION: Equipment Damage
When connecting cables from the inverter to the battery terminals, ensure the proper
polarity is observed. Connecting the cables incorrectly can damage or destroy the
equipment and void the product warranty.
CAUTION: Equipment Damage
¾
Thoroughly inspect the equipment prior to energizing. Verify that no tools or
equipment have been inadvertently left behind.
¾
Ensure clearance requirements are strictly enforced. Keep all vents clear of
obstructions that can prevent proper air flow around, or through, the unit.
¾
Sensitive electronics inside the equipment can be destroyed by static electricity. Be
sure to discharge any static electricity before touching the equipment and wear
appropriate protective gear.
Battery Safety
WARNING: Explosion, Electrocution, or Fire Hazard
¾
Use the battery types recommended by OutBack Power Technologies. Follow the
battery manufacturer’s recommendations for installation and maintenance.
¾
Ensure the cables are properly sized. Failure to size the cables properly can result in
a fire hazard.
¾
Ensure clearance requirements are strictly enforced around the batteries.
¾
Ensure the area around the batteries is well ventilated and clean of debris.
¾
Never smoke, or allow a spark or flame near, the batteries.
¾
Always use insulated tools. Avoid dropping tools onto batteries or other
electrical parts.
¾
Keep plenty of fresh water and soap nearby in case battery acid contacts skin,
clothing, or eyes.
¾
Wear complete eye and clothing protection when working with batteries. Avoid
touching bare skin or eyes while working near batteries.
¾
If battery acid contacts skin or clothing, wash immediately with soap and water. If
acid enters the eye, immediately flood it with running cold water for at least
20 minutes and get medical attention as soon as possible.
¾
Never charge a frozen battery.
¾
Insulate batteries as appropriate against freezing temperatures. A discharged
battery will freeze more easily than a charged one.
¾
If a battery must be removed, always remove the grounded terminal from the
battery first. Make sure all devices are de-energized or disconnected to avoid
causing a spark.
¾
If a remote or automatic generator control system is used, disable the starting
circuit and/or disconnect the generator from its starting battery while performing
maintenance to prevent accidental starting.
IMPORTANT:
Baking soda neutralizes lead-acid battery electrolyte.
Vinegar neutralizes NiCad and NiFe battery electrolyte.
Have a supply of either substance readily available if using these types of batteries.
4900-0111-01-00 Rev B
Important Safety Instructions
Regulatory Specifications
See the International Series GFX Inverter/Charger Operator’s Manual for all specifications and
compliance information.
Additional Resources
This product is required to be installed according to pertinent safety codes and standards. Depending
on the nature of the installation, it may be highly recommended to consult these resources.
¾ International Building Code (IBC), Current Edition
¾ Any local or national electrical code documents
Recycling Information
IMPORTANT: Recycle Electronics and Batteries
Batteries are considered hazardous waste and must be recycled according to
local jurisdiction. Inverters and other electronics contain metals and plastics
that should also be recycled. The following web sites and phone numbers
provide additional information for recycling electronic products and batteries.
EuroRecycle.net, Europe
The following web site provides general information about recycling in Europe. It also provides a list
of companies and organizations that provide recycling information or assistance.
Web site: http://euro.recycle.net
E-mail: http://euro.recycle.net/cgi-bin/feedback1.cgi?w=27
(This is an online form providing a means to contact the owners of the web site.)
Natural Resources Canada
Web site: http://www.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/mms-smm/busi-indu/rec-rec-eng.htm
Address: 580 Booth, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8
Phone: +1.613.995.0947
TTY: +1.613.996.4397
(Phone and TTY: Monday to Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. ET)
Office of Waste Management, Canada
Web site: http://www.portaec.net/library/recycling/recycling_in_canada.html
Address: Office of Waste Management
Conservation and Protection
Environment Canada
Ottawa, Ontaro K1A 0H3
Phone: +1.819.997.2800
900-0111-01-00 Rev B 5
Important Safety Instructions
National Institute of Recyclers, Mexico
Web site: http://www.inare.org.mx/
Email: a57841279@prodigy.net.mx, margarita@inare.org.mx
Phone: +1.55.57.85.9160
Fax: +1.55.57.84.1279
Earth 911, USA
Web site: http://www.Earth911.com
Address: 14646 N. Kierland Blvd., Suite 100
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
Phone: +1.480.337.3025 (direct)
OurEarth.org, USA
There is a place on the web site for contacting OurEarth.org using email. No direct email address
is provided.
Symbols Used ........................................................................................................................................................................1
General Safety .......................................................................................................................................................................2
Personal Safety......................................................................................................................................................................3
Recycling Information ........................................................................................................................................................5
Welcome to OutBack Power Technologies.................................................................................................................9
Components and Accessories ...................................................................................................................................... 10
Terminals and Ports.......................................................................................................................................................... 17
DC Wiring ............................................................................................................................................................................. 19
AC Wiring.............................................................................................................................................................................. 21
AC Sources........................................................................................................................................................................................22
AUX Wiring .......................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Single-Inverter AC Installations.................................................................................................................................... 27
Multiple-Inverter AC Installations (Stacking)........................................................................................................... 28
Parallel Stacking (Dual-Stack and Larger)..............................................................................................................................29
Figure 5 Terminals, Ports, and Features....................................................................................................17
Figure 6 DC Ground Lug.................................................................................................................................18
Figure 7 AC Ground Terminals.....................................................................................................................18
Figure 9 Required Order of Battery Cable Hardware...........................................................................20
Figure 10 AC Terminals......................................................................................................................................21
Figure 11 Multiple AC Sources .......................................................................................................................22
Thank you for purchasing the OutBack International Series GFX Inverter/Charger. This product offers a
complete power conversion system between batteries and AC power. It can provide backup power or
complete off-grid service.
¾
Battery-to-AC inverting which delivers 230 Vac at 50 Hz
¾
AC-to-battery charging
¾
Rapid transfer between AC source and inverter output
with minimal delay time
¾
Inverter load support for a small AC source
¾
12-, 24-, and 48-volt inverters
¾
Wattages from 1.3 kVA to 1.4 kVA
¾
Stackable in parallel and three-phase configurations
¾
Uses energy from PV, wind, and other renewable
sources if appropriate controllers are used
¾
Grid-interactive capable
¾
CE Compliant for off-grid use
Figure 1 International Series GFX Inverter/Charger
Models
The International Series GFX inverters are designed for harsher environments and can survive casual
exposure to the elements. However, enclosed protection is still recommended. These inverters have
an internal fan, but do not use outside air for cooling.
¾
GFX1312E (1.3 kVA output, 12 Vdc)
¾
GFX1424E (1.4 kVA output, 24 Vdc)
¾
GFX1448E (1.4 kVA output, 48 Vdc)
Inverter model numbers use the following naming conventions.
¾
Grid-interactive models (all models in this series) begin with the letter G. For example, model GFX1424E is
grid-interactive; model VFX3524 is not.
¾
The model number includes “FX” as the inverter series.
¾
The first two digits show the wattage of that model. For example, “GFX1312E” is 1300 watts.
¾
The second pair of digits shows the inverter’s nominal DC voltage. For example, “GFX1424E” is 24 volts.
¾
The letter “E” at the end of the model number indicates an inverter that can deliver 230 Vac at 50 Hz.
900-0111-01-00 Rev B 9
Introduction
Components and Accessories
Table 2 Components and Accessories
Installed Components Included in Box
Battery Terminal Cover, red GFX Series Installation Manual
Battery Terminal Cover, black GFX Series Operator’s Manual
AC Conduit Plate “WARNING ELECTRICAL SHOCK” sticker
DC Cover (DCC) Remote Temperature Sensor (RTS)
Silicone Grease Packet
DCC (DC COVER)
Covers the DC terminal area and provides space to
mount other components such as a DC current shunt.
(this book)
AC CONDUIT PLATE
Connects to AC conduit for installations
which do not utilize OutBack’s optional
FLEXware conduit boxes.
BATTERY TERMINAL COVER
Protects terminals from accidental contact. Made of stiff plastic
with a snap-on design.
Always keep covers installed during normal operation.
When required, remove covers carefully using a flat-blade
screwdriver inserted into the slots on the sides of each cover.
The DCC does not replace the battery terminal covers; they must
be installed in addition to the DCC.
Figure 2 GFX Components
10900-0111-01-00 Rev B
Planning
y
Applications
The International Series GFX inverters are intended for both off-grid and grid-interactive applications.
These models are designed to use a battery bank to store energy. They can work in conjunction with
photovoltaic (PV) panels to harvest solar energy, as well as wind turbines and other renewable
sources. These sources charge the battery, which in turn is used by the inverter.
In grid-interactive applications, the grid is the primary source of power to run the loads. When excess
PV (or another renewable energy source) is available from the batteries, the inverter supports those
loads with the PV. When the PV exceeds the load requirements, the inverter sells that excess power
back through its input, to the utility grid. When the utility grid is not available, the inverter takes over
to run the loads with PV and energy stored in the battery bank.
If the inverter is used as the primary source, the grid power will be used when the batteries have been
drained. In this situation, the AC power, PV harvest, or other renewable energy can be used to
recharge the battery bank.
In off-grid applications, the inverter can use the harvested energy from the battery bank as the
primary power source. An AC generator can also be connected to support the system when required.
*Excess AC power not being used by the AC loads. Uses bidirectional AC input for sell-back. Requires a GFX Inverter/Charger
programmed for a grid-interactive application.
**AC power used for input onl
. GFX inverter should have its grid-interactive feature disabled when using a generator.
Figure 3 Applications (Example)
900-0111-01-00 Rev B 11
Planning
Renewable Energy
The inverter cannot connect directly to PV, wind turbines, or other renewable sources. The batteries
are the inverter’s primary source of power. However, if these sources are used to charge the batteries,
the inverter can use their energy by drawing it from the batteries.
The renewable source is always treated as a battery charger, even if all of its power is used
immediately. The renewable source must have a charge controller or some way to prevent
overcharging. OutBack Power’s FLEXmax charge controllers can be used for this purpose, as can
other products.
Battery Bank
IMPORTANT:
Battery charger settings need to be correct for a given battery type. Always follow
battery manufacturer recommendations. Making incorrect settings, or leaving them at
factory default settings, may cause the batteries to be undercharged or overcharged.
When planning a battery bank, consider the following:
¾
The GFX inverters work best with lead-chemistry batteries intended for deep discharge. These include
batteries for marine, golf-cart, and forklift applications. They also include gel-cell batteries and absorbed
glass-mat (AGM) batteries. OutBack Power recommends the use of batteries designed specifically for
renewable energy applications. Automotive batteries are strongly discouraged and will have a short life if
used in inverter applications. Nickel-based batteries are discouraged due to limitations in the GFX charger.
Lithium-based batteries and other advanced battery technologies may require special considerations.
Please contact OutBack Technical Support at
technologies.
¾
These inverters are designed to work with 12-, 24-, or 48-volt battery banks, depending on inverter model.
Before constructing a battery bank, check the inverter model and confirm nominal battery voltage.
¾
A vented enclosure for the battery bank may be required by electric code and is recommended in most
cases for safety reasons.
+1.360.618.4363
before implementing advanced battery
CAUTION: Hazard to Equipment
Batteries can emit vapors which are corrosive over long periods of time. Installing the
inverter in the battery compartment may cause corrosion which is not covered by the
product warranty. (Sealed batteries may be an exception.)
Generator
The GFX inverters can work with any generator that delivers clean 230 Vac at 50 Hz. Inverters stacked
for three-phase output can work with three-phase generators.
¾
The inverter/charger can provide a start signal to control an automatic-start generator. If automatic
generator starting is required, the generator must be an electric-start model with automatic choke and
two-wire start capability. For other configurations, additional equipment may be required.
¾
In all cases, the inverter may need to be programmed according to the specifications of the generator and
the requirements of the system, using a remote system display. (See the International Series GFX Operator’s Manual and the system display manual.) Parameters to be programmed may include generator size,
automatic starting requirements, and potential fluctuations in generator AC voltage.
12900-0111-01-00 Rev B
Planning
Generator Sizing
A generator should be sized to provide enough power for all the loads and the battery charger.
¾
Available generator power may be limited by ratings for circuit breakers and/or generator connectors.
¾
The generator must be able to provide current to all inverters on a given phase or leg. Minimum generator
wattage
be able to maintain AC voltage or frequency for long periods of time if they are loaded more than 80% of
rated capacity.
NOTES:
1
is usually recommended to be twice the wattage of the inverter system. Many generators may not
1
This is the wattage value after deratings for the following: peak verses continuous power, load power factor considerations, fuel type,
altitude, and ambient temperature.
900-0111-01-00 Rev B 13
Planning
NOTES:
14900-0111-01-00 Rev B
Installation
Location and Environmental Requirements
The International Series GFX inverters can be located outdoors, but OutBack recommends that they be
protected from the environment.
¾
If protected from the environment, the inverter can mount in any position or orientation. If exposed to the
environment, it cannot be placed upside-down, to ensure that water will not accumulate under the DC
cover. (It can be mounted in any other position or orientation.)
¾
For installations where the inverter may be exposed to water spray, the inverter must be mounted either
with the base down (shelf mounting) or with the AC wiring compartment facing down (wall mounting). If
mounted with the base down, water cannot be allowed to accumulate around the inverter’s base. There is a
drainage system on the base of the inverter to dispel condensation. If submerged, water can enter this drain
and cause failure.
¾
The inverter will perform more efficiently in locations offering plenty of air circulation. The recommended
minimum clearance is 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 inches) on all sides of the inverter.
¾
The inverter will function to all of its specifications if operated in a range of 0°C to 50°C (32°F to 122°F). Note
that the inverter’s maximum wattage will derate in temperatures above 25°C.
¾
The inverter will function, but will not necessarily meet its specifications, if operated in a temperature range
of –40°C to 60°C (–40°F to 140°F). This is also the allowable temperature range for storage. (The
specifications are listed in the International Series GFX Operator’s Manual.)
Dimensions
Length 41 cm (16.25”)
Width
21 cm (8.25”)
Height
30.5 cm (12”)
Figure 4 Dimensions
900-0111-01-00 Rev B 15
Installation
Tools Required
¾
Wire cutters/strippers
¾
Torque wrenches
¾
Assorted insulated screwdrivers
¾
DVM or Voltmeter
Mounting
¾
It is easier for two people to install the GFX inverter due to its weight.
¾
The unithas four mounting holes, one in each corner. Use fasteners in all four corners for a
secure installation.
¾
Due to the variance in other mounting methods, OutBack only endorses the use of FLEXware or previous
versions of its mounting plate. Use M6 x 20 mm machine screws, one per corner, to attach the inverter to
the mounting plate. Follow the instructions with each mounting system.
IMPORTANT:
Use correct fasteners to secure the GFX inverter to the mounting surface, regardless
of the type of surface. OutBack cannot be responsible for damage to the product if it
is attached with inadequate fasteners.
¾
Mount and secure each component before attaching any wiring.
¾
When the inverter is used with other metal housings, make sure that all housings are grounded
appropriately. (See the grounding instructions on page 18.) Grounding other housings may involve
metal-to-metal contact, or separate ground wires.
¾
If using an OutBack FLEXware Mounting Plate, avoid large air gaps behind the plate. These can result in
louder mechanical noise during heavy inverting or charging. Mount the plate on a flat, solid
mounting surface.
16900-0111-01-00 Rev B
Installation
Terminals and Ports
DC TERMINALS
cables and DC system. See page 19 for
instructions.
CONTROL WIRING TERMINAL BLOCK:
Connects control wires for a variety of
functions, including automatic generator
starting. See pages 24 and 25 for
instructions and the International Series GFX Operator’s Manual for more information.
The Terminal Block can be unplugged from the
AC board for convenience. While installed,
keep screws tight and the block itself secured
tightly to the AC board to prevent malfunction.
INVERTER ON/OFF
on/off switch to control the inverter. The jumper
alongside (JP1) disables these terminals when
installed (factory default). In this state, the inverter is
always ON and can only be controlled by the system
display. See page 23 for instructions.
AUX OUTPUT (AUX+/AUX-): Delivers 12 Vdc up
to 0.7 amps (8.4 watts). The output can be
switched on and off for many functions. The
default function is to drive a cooling fan. See page
24 for details. See the system display manual for
programming instructions.
AUX LED INDICATOR: Amber LED turns on when
12 Vdc output is present.
:
Connect to battery
: Connects
wires for a manual
DC and AC GROUND
:
TERMINALS
grounding system for both
batteries and AC. See page 18
for instructions.
AC TERMINAL BLOCK
Connects AC input and
output wires. See page 21
for instructions.
XCT+/XCT- :
Non-operational
terminals. Do not
connect anything
to them.
MATE and RTS PORTS:
Connect the RJ45 and
RJ11 plugs from the
system display and
Remote Temp Sensor. See
page 23 for instructions.
The jacks are mounted
sideways. When viewed
from the left side, they
appear as shown below.
Connect to
:
LED INDICATORS
Operator’s Manual contains extensive descriptions of the LED functions.
¾ The three BATTERY LEDs (green, yellow, and red) are based on DC
voltage, and provide a very general idea of battery state.
¾ The green INVERTER LED tells if the inverting function is on.
¾ The yellow AC IN LED tells if an AC source is present.
¾ The red ERROR LED indicates either a Warning or an Error. A Warning
is an alert for a problem that is not severe enough for shutdown. An
Error usually accompanies inverter shutdown. See the Operator’s Manual for more information.
:
Display the unit status and battery voltage. The
Figure 5 Terminals, Ports, and Features
WARNING: Shock Hazard
The inverter’s AC output is defaulted to ON from the factory. It will deliver 230 Vac as soon as DC power is
connected.
900-0111-01-00 Rev B 17
Installation
th the CHASSIS
(see below).
Grounding
WARNING: Shock Hazard
The unit must be connected to a grounded, permanent wiring system. If a bond is made
between neutral and ground make sure only one bond is present in the AC system at any
time. Some codes require the bond to be made at the main panel only.
WARNING: Shock Hazard
For all installations, the negative battery conductor should be bonded to the grounding
system at only one point. If the OutBack GFDI is present, it can provide the bond.
IMPORTANT:
OutBack products are not designed for use in a positive-grounded system. If it is necessary
to build a positive-ground system with OutBack products, contact OutBack Technical
Support at
www.outbackpower.com/forum/
Table 3 Ground Conductor Size and Torque Requirements
+1.360.618.4363
before proceeding. Additionally, consult the online forum at
, where this subject has been discussed extensively.
The inverter’s DC ground is a box lug located next to
the negative DC battery terminal. Local codes or
regulations may require the DC ground to be run
separately from the AC ground. Also, if present, it will
be necessary to remove the DC Cover before making
the ground connection.
The two CHASSIS GROUND/PE terminals are electrically
common. If connecting to an external ground bus, only
one terminal needs to be used. The other terminal may
be used if connecting to a device with its own ground
wire, such as a generator.
Figure 7 Chassis Ground/PE
18900-0111-01-00 Rev B
DC Wiring
Table 4 DC Conductor Size and Torque Requirements
CAUTION: Equipment Damage
Never reverse the polarity of the battery cables. Always ensure correct polarity.
CAUTION: Fire Hazard
Always install a circuit breaker or overcurrent device on each DC positive
conductor to protect the DC system.
Installation
Inverter Nominal DC Amps
GFX1312E
GFX1424E
GFX1448E
(Derated 125%)
130 70 mm (2/0 AWG) or 0.109 in 175 Adc
70 70 mm (1/0 AWG) or 0.109 in 125 Adc
35 50 mm (#1 AWG) or 0.078 in 100 Adc
Make certain DC circuit breakers are turned to the off position, or fuses are removed, before proceeding.
¾
Note sizes in Table 4, but refer to applicable codes for absolute cable size recommendations.
¾
Battery positive and negative cables should be no longer than 3 meters (10 feet) each, to minimize voltage
loss and other effects.
¾
Install all overcurrent devices on the positive cable.
¾
The cables listed above are for each inverter in a system. In a system with multiple inverters, each inverter
requires its own cables and overcurrent devices of the size indicated.
¾
The inverter’s battery terminal is a threaded stud which accepts a ring terminal lug. Use crimped and sealed
copper ring lugs with 0.79 cm (5/16 inch) holes, or use compression lugs.
¾
Tie, tape, or twist cables together to reduce self-inductance. Run positive and negative cables through the
same knockouts and conduit.
If present, remove the battery
terminal covers. These are made of
stiff plastic with a snap-on design.
Remove carefully using a flat
screwdriver inserted into the slots
on the sides of each cover.
Figure 8 Battery Terminal Covers
900-0111-01-00 Rev B 19
Installation
Install battery cable lug, nuts, and washers in the order illustrated. The battery cable lug should be the
first item installed on the stud. It should make solid contact with the mounting surface. Do not install
hardware in a different order than shown.
13 mm Nut
Flat Washer
Mounting Surface
Insulator
M8 x 1.25 Stud
Lock Washer
Battery
Cable Lug
Figure 9 Required Order of Battery Cable Hardware
CAUTION: Fire Hazard
Never install extra washers or hardware between the mounting surface and the
battery cable lug. The decreased surface area can build up heat.
he AC Hot Out terminal
connects to the load panel. It
can carry up to 30 amps using
the inverter’s transfer relay. Use
the inverter wattage to
determine actual maximum
load. Size the circuit breakers
accordingly.
he AC Hot In terminal brings
power from the AC source. It
powers both battery charger
and loads. Use the source
amperage to determine actual
maximum draw. Size circuit
breakers accordingly.
he two Neutral
terminals are
electrically common.
If connecting to an
external ground bus,
only one terminal
needs to be used. (An
external bus is often
placed in the main
electrical panel, which
is the Loads panel
shown in Figure 11).
Use the other terminal
if connecting to a
device with its own
neutral wire, such as a
generator.
Figure 10 AC Terminals
All system wiring must comply with national and local codes and regulations.
900-0111-01-00 Rev B 21
Installation
AC Sources
The inverter’s transfer relay is normally set to provide inverter power to the output. When an AC
source is connected and accepted, the internal transfer relay switches to transfer the AC source power
to the loads. (See the Operator’s Manual for the inverter’s acceptance criteria.)
Figure 11 Multiple AC Sources
The inverter has a single set of AC terminals which are intended to connect to a single AC source.
It cannot be directly wired to more than one AC source at the same time.
used, it is usually required to have a selector switch that changes from one to the next. The switch
should be the type which disconnects from one source before contacting another. This prevents the
risk of connecting to two out-of-phase sources at the same time or connecting them to each other.
If multiple sources are
IMPORTANT:
When installing a generator, it is recommended to turn off the GFX inverter’s Sell feature.
See the system display manual for instructions.
22900-0111-01-00 Rev B
Installation
T
T
Accessory Wiring
he AC Wiring Compartment Board has ports for
both the Remote Temperature Sensor (RTS) and
the system display. The system display port is
labeled MATE/HUB.
If a HUB is in use, it occupies the inverter’s
MATE/HUB port.
RTS cable (RJ11,
4-conductor,
telephone)
MATE cable (RJ45,
8-conductor, CAT5
non-crossover)
Figure 12 Accessory Connections
Additional
Ports
MATE
port
RTS port
MATE/HUB port
See the Operator’s Manual for more
information on
the RTS.
When a HUB occupies the inverter’s MATE/HUB port, the system
display connects directly to the HUB. (If the system display is a
MATE, do not connect it during initial startup. See the
Operator’s Manual for more information.)
Inverters plug into ports 1 and above. Charge controllers and
other devices plug into additional ports after the last inverter is
connected. See Stacking on page 28 for information on
connecting inverters. See the HUB manual for other devices.
he INVERTER ON/OFF jumper bridges two pins. This jumper (JP1)
parallels the two INVERTER ON/OFF terminals on the Control
Wiring Terminal Block. If either set of connections is closed, the
inverter is ON. (Because the jumper is factory-installed, the inverter
usually remains ON unless given a command by the system display.)
Removing the jumper will turn the
inverter OFF. To remove the jumper,
use long-nose pliers or a similar tool.
Once the plastic INVERTER ON/OFF
Jumper On
Jumper Off
jumper has been removed, the INVERTER
ON/OFF terminals on the Control Wiring
Terminal Block can be used to wire a
manual on/off switch.
Figure 13 ON/OFF Jumper and Connections
900-0111-01-00 Rev B 23
Installation
T
AUX Wiring
The AUX+ and AUX– terminals are a switched 12 Vdc supply. The AUX can respond to many criteria
and control many functions. These include cooling fans, vent fans, load diversion, fault alarms, and
automatic generator control. The AUX output can also be controlled externally through the system
display. (For generator control, see the next page. For all other functions, see the system display
manual and the International Series GFX Operator’s Manual.) The AUX output can only control one
function at a time.
The terminals can supply up to 0.7 amps at 12 Vdc (8.4 watts). This is sufficient to drive a small fan, or a
relay which can control a larger device. The terminals accept up to 2.5 mm (#14 AWG) wire.
The AUX circuit contains electronic overcurrent protection, which resets after being overloaded. No
additional fuses are required for the AUX terminals.
In this example, the AUX
directly drives a 12-volt vent
fan. The + and – wires on
the fan are connected to the
AUX+ and AUX– terminals.
he AUX LED
illuminates when the
AUX output
becomes active.
Fan
Figure 14 AUX Connections for Vent Fan (Example)
In this example, the AUX output drives a relay
that diverts wind power. The relay’s coil is
connected to the AUX+ and AUX– terminals.
When the AUX output closes the relay (based on
battery voltage), the relay diverts the excess
wind power to a water heating element.
Note: Relays and elements shown are examples only
and may vary depending on the installation.
Turbine
Relay
Element
Figure 15 AUX Connections for Diversion (Example)
24900-0111-01-00 Rev B
Installation
y
Automatic Generator Start (AGS)
The AUX terminals can be used to perform “two-wire” generator start. A two-wire-start generator is
the simplest type, where most of the circuits are automated. It usually has a single switch with two
positions that is turned ON to start, OFF to stop.
Either the system display or the FLEXnet DC can be programmed to perform automatic generator start
using the AUX terminals. See the system display or FLEXnet manuals for programming instructions.
Two-Wire-Start
The 12 Vdc signal provided by the AUX output can be switched on and off to provide a start signal. It
is not usually recommended to connect the AUX terminals directly to the generator, but to use them
to energize the coil of a 12 Vdc automotive or similar relay.
Depicted is the OutBack FLEXware Relay Assembly, which is sold for this purpose. The relay contacts
can serve in place of the generator’s start switch. The battery shown below is depicted for clarity. In
most cases, it is part of the generator’s internal starting circuit and is not an external component.
The drawing below is one example of a possible arrangement. Specific arrangements, relays, and
other elements depend on the requirements of the installation and of the generator.
Relay
Coil
Relay
Contacts
Starting
Terminals
1
1
Generator
Batter
Two-Wire-Start
Generator
Figure 16 Two-Wire Generator Start (Example)
900-0111-01-00 Rev B 25
Installation
Three-Wire-Start
A “three-wire-start” generator has two or more starting circuits. It usually has a separate switch or
position for cranking the generator. A three-wire generator has fewer automated functions than a
two-wire. It usually requires multiple controls for starting, running, or stopping. The AUX terminals
cannot control this type of generator without using a three-wire to two-wire conversion kit.
Atkinson Electronics
(http://atkinsonelectronics.com)
is one company that makes these kits. The
Atkinson GSCM-Mini is intended to work with OutBack inverters.
The drawing below is one example of a possible arrangement. Specific arrangements, relays, and
other elements depend on the requirements of the installation and of the generator.
Atkinson
GSCM-Mini
Three-Wire-Start
Generator
Figure 17 Three-Wire Generator Start (Example)
26900-0111-01-00 Rev B
Installation
Single-Inverter AC Installations
When installing an inverter AC system, the following rules must be observed.
¾
All overcurrent devices must be sized for 30 Aac or less.
¾
All wiring must be sized for 30 Aac or more.
¾
All output circuit breakers must be sized appropriately for loads and inverter wattage.
NOTES:
1. Neutral (common) conductor may be connected from only one inverter
neutral terminal to a common bus bar in the AC conduit box.
2. Colors depicted here may be different from wiring standards.
Figure 18 Single-Inverter Wiring
900-0111-01-00 Rev B 27
Installation
ort
3
Multiple-Inverter AC Installations (Stacking)
Installing multiple inverters in a single AC system allows larger loads than a single inverter can handle.
This requires stacking. Stacking inverters does not refer to physically placing one on top of another. It
refers to how they are wired within the system and then programmed to coordinate activity. Stacking
allows all units to work together as a single system.
Examples of stacking configurations include “parallel” and “three-phase” configurations.
Stacking Connections
Stacking requires an OutBack HUB product, as well as a system display, such as the OutBack MATE or
MATE3. (If the MATE is used, it must have firmware revision 4.1.6 or above.) A system using four or
fewer units may use the HUB4. Systems using up to ten units require the HUB10. All interconnections
are made using CAT5 noncrossover cable.
HUB4
Additional Ports P
1
MATE Port
MATE
MATE
Figure 19 OutBack HUB4, MATE3, and MATE
Each inverter must be assigned a status — “master” or “slave”. The master is the primary and most
heavily used unit. The master inverter’s MATE/HUB port must connect to port 1 on the HUB.
Slave inverters provide assistance when the loads are more than the master can handle alone. Slaves
plug into ports 2 and above on the HUB. In general, it does not matter which slave connects to which
port. However, it is always important to keep track of units and ports for programming purposes. See
the system display manual for more information.
Programming involves using the system display to assign a status and stacking value to the inverter
on each port. Each inverter is assigned to power a specified phase of the system. These assignments
can be changed at any time as long as the master is plugged into port 1.
IMPORTANT:
¾
The master inverter must always be connected to port 1 on the HUB. Connecting it
elsewhere, or connecting a slave to port 1, will result in backfeed or output voltage
errors which will shut the system down immediately.
¾
Installing multiple inverters without stacking them (or stacking them incorrectly) will
result in similar errors and shutdown.
¾
Although stacking allows greater capacity, the loads, wiring, and overcurrent devices
must still be sized appropriately. Overloading may cause circuit breakers to open or
the inverters to shut down.
28900-0111-01-00 Rev B
Installation
Parallel Stacking (Dual-Stack and Larger)
In parallel stacking, two or more inverters are stacked to create a single, common 230 Vac bus.
¾
All inverters share a common input (AC source) and run loads on a common output.
¾
Up to ten inverters may be installed in a parallel arrangement. The example on this page shows three
inverters. The wiring diagram on the next page shows four.
3.9 kVA
1.3 kVA 230 Vac
1.3 kVA 230 Vac
1.3 kVA 230 Vac
230 Vac
Figure 20 Example of Parallel Stacking Arrangement (Three Inverters)
When installing a parallel system, the following rules must be observed.
¾
Parallel stacking requires a system display and a HUB.
¾
The inverter that is mounted physically lowest is always the master and is programmed as
system display manual for programming.) Mounting below the other inverters allows the master to avoid
heat buildup and remain relatively cool as it sees the greatest duty cycle.
¾
The master must be connected to port 1 of the HUB. Other inverters must not be selected as master.
¾
All slave inverters, regardless of quantity, should be selected as
¾
All overcurrent devices must be sized for 30 Aac or less.
¾
All wiring must be sized for 30 Aac or more.
¾
All output circuit breakers must be sized appropriately for loads and inverter wattage.
¾
All inverters must be of the same model.
¾
The AC input (generator or utility grid) must be 230 Vac at 50 Hz (single-phase).
¾
When wiring the AC source to the inverters, local codes may require the inverter circuits to be located at the
opposite end of the panel from the main circuit breaker. This prevents overloading of the AC bus.
OB Slave L1
during programming.
Master
. (See the
900-0111-01-00 Rev B 29
Installation
NOTES:
1. Neutral (common) conductor may be
connected from only one inverterneutral terminal to a common bus bar in the AC conduit box.
2. Colors shown here may be differentfrom wiring standards.
Figure 21 Parallel Wiring (Four Inverters)
30900-0111-01-00 Rev B
Installation
Three-Phase Stacking
In three-phase stacking, inverters are stacked to create three separate 230 Vac output legs in a wye
configuration.
¾
The output of each inverter is 120° out of phase from the others. Any two outputs produce 400 Vac
between them. The outputs can be used to power three-phase loads when all inverters work together.
¾
Only three inverters, one per phase, may be installed in a three-phase arrangement.
1.3 kVA 230 Vac
1.3 kVA 230 Vac
1.3 kVA 230 Vac
1.3 kVA
230 Vac
1.3 kVA
230 Vac
1.3 kVA
230 Vac
3.9 kVA
400 Vac
Figure 22 Example of Three-Phase Stacking Arrangement (Three Inverters)
When installing a three-phase system, the following rules must be observed.
¾
Three-phase stacking requires a system display and a HUB.
¾
The inverter that is mounted physically lowest is always the master and is programmed as
system display manual for programming.) Mounting below the other inverters allows the master to avoid
heat buildup and remain relatively cool as it sees the greatest duty cycle.
¾
The master must be connected to port 1 of the HUB. Other inverters must not be selected as master.
¾
One slave inverter must be programmed as
(See the system display manual for programming.)
¾
The inverters should be wired to the loads and to the AC sources in phase order. The master should be
phase A, the first slave should be phase B, and the second slave should be phase C.
¾
All overcurrent devices must be sized for 30 Aac or less.
¾
All wiring must be sized for 30 Aac or more.
¾
All output circuit breakers must be sized appropriately for loads and inverter wattage.
¾
All inverters must be of the same model.
¾
The AC input (generator or utility grid) must be 230/400 Vac at 50 Hz (a three-phase wye configuration).
¾
When wiring the AC source to the inverters, local codes may require the inverter circuits to be located at the
opposite end of the panel from the main circuit breaker. This prevents overloading of the AC bus.
IMPORTANT:
Although the HUB manual states that it is necessary to move the HUB’s jumper to the
three-phase position, that statement is not applicable for this model. The jumper must
be left in its original position.
3p Classic B
. The other must be programmed as
Master
. (See the
3p Classic C
.
900-0111-01-00 Rev B 31
Installation
NOTES:
1. Neutral (common) conductor may be connected from only one inverter neutral terminal to a common bus bar in the AC conduit box.
2. Colors shown here may be different from wiring standards.
Figure 23 Three-Phase Wiring (Three Inverters)
32900-0111-01-00 Rev B
Installation
Functional Test
Once the mounting, wiring, and other installation steps are completed, proceed to the International
Series GFX Operator’s Manual. The Operator’s Manual has steps for powering up and performing a
functional test on the inverter system, as well as powering down and adding new devices to an
existing system.
Refer to the system display manual for programming instructions and menus.
900-0111-01-00 Rev B 33
Installation
NOTES:
34900-0111-01-00 Rev B
A
Index
E
AC Conduit Plate................................................................12
AC Terminals.......................................................................19
AC Wiring .............................................................................23