Orban 622B Operating Manual

622 Parametric

Equalizer

OPERATING

MANUAL

**AWAJVMST$»C

EOUALIZ£«

«*owe»

Moost, «ia»o

Performance

Specifications apply to each

except as noted. All

when equalizer drives 600

impedances. All noise

assume

with 18 dB/octave

Operating

EQUALIZATION

WIDTH, and

bands.

IN/OUT,

Frequency

mechanically flat)

Available Gain:

by means of

Input: (RF

Output: (RF

Risetime:

20-20,000 Hz bandpass filter

a

MASTER

GAIN,

Impedance:

with lOOOpF,

Driving impedance

ohms

Absolute

greater than

Level:

ohms,

Impedance: 47 ohms

lOOOpF,

provides a

output for both

Equalizer is

will not ring

Butterworth

Controls:

IN/OUT, BAND

TUNING

EQUALIZATION

POWER ON/OFF.

Response: (EQ

±0.25 dB,

+

12 dB,

front-panel

suppressed)

(each leg)

electronically

or less.

Overload

suppressed)

20-20,000 Hz

unbalanced.

transformer-balanced

unconditionally

with any

less than

channel

specifications apply

ohm or higher

specifications

skirts.

EQUALIZATION,

each

for

controls

20-20,000 Hz.

adjustable

GAIN control.

100K

in

balanced.

should be

+

Point:

26dBm.

+

dBm into 600

19

in parallel

(Option 01

channels)

4

stable and

captive load.

microseconds.

Specifications

greater than 6 V/microsecond.

bandlimiting assures that slew

severe equalization and program

spurious ringing at any output

only ringing observable

associated with any given

curve.

active RC, utilizing FET-input

transistor current booster.

Harmonic Distortion (+

than

less than 0.002% at 1kHz,

using

dBm typical.

102 dB for any

BANDWIDTH

Crosstalk, 622B dual-

Hz.

of four

parallel

600

with

Slew Rate:

Internal

rate limiting will not occur

most

material.

Square Wave Response:

exhibits no

level. The

theoretically

equalization

Circuitry:

set

to

IC opamps. The

discrete

Total

-

oo

output): less

Typically

dBm.

SMPTE Intermodulation

Typically 0.008%

peak output,

Noise: At Output,

for unity gain, all EQ

controls FLAT: Less

-87

Overload-to-noise

Parametric Bandpass Filter:

than

TUNING and

Interchannel

channel equalizer: less

20-20,000

with even the

Square wave

that

is

output line driver utilizes a

18 dBm

20-20,000

0.025%,

Distortion:

+

at

18 dBm

Hz/7

60

GAIN control

kHz;

switches IN, all EQ

-84

than

Ratio of Single

Hz.

+

equivalent

4:1.

adjusted

dBm;

greater

18

combination of

settings.

-90

than

dB,

Equalization

shows

maximum and minimum

each band. DB equalization

of the individual bands add

action. BANDWIDTH,

EQUALIZATION

uously variable.

Range of
Range of

ization:

depth obtainable is

Tuning Range (per band):

68-1700 Hz,

Tuning dials are calibrated at ISO

frequencies.

Power Requirements: 115/230

Hz

AC,

watts (622B).

cord. Option 02

supply. Power

version

02

60 ma per

supplied on

recommended only for

install a large

given installation.

in a

Overload

mately 200 mS if the instantaneous peak
output of any amplifier in the

is driven within 1 dB of

Size:

high x

Shipping

Characteristics: Figure 1

curves corresponding to the

bandwidths

contributions

without inter-

TUNING, and

controls are all contin-

Adjustment

Adjustment of Peak Equal-

+

16 dB

240-5850

approximately

Captive “U-Ground” power

eliminates the AC power

requirements for the Option

18 to 28 volts DC at

are ±

equalizer channel. Option 02 is

special order only, and is

number of 622 channels

Lamp:

19"

(48.3 cm)

5.2"

(13.3 cm) deep.

Weight: 10 lbs.

“Q”:

of

-oo

Typical notch

to

.

40 dB.

Hz, 800-20,000 Hz.

4 watts (622A),

users planning to

will light for

its clipping point.

3.5"

wide

x

(4.5

0.29 to 3.2.

20-500

approxi-

equalizer

kg).

for

Hz,

preferred

50-60

volt

cm)

(8.9

7

Phone:

(1)

m

f-

<

'4* i

510/351-3500;

1525

if* -rn

%

*

'

.........

'C/.,

Ofbcifl

Alvarado Street. San

Fax:

510/351-0500;

(1)

Leandro, CA

E-Mail: [e-mail];

P/N: 95013.000.10

94577

ty

1

USA

Site: www.orban.com

,f>

^ ^

§

t

3

i.#

<3

%

9

%

%

Table

of

Contents

Specifications

Registration Card

Warranty

A:

Part

I

I Introduction

Performance

1

Front Panel

2
2 Rear

AC Power

3

Mechanical

3

Installation

Panel Description

Balanced

4

Electrical

Input

Output

Wiring

Grounding

Typical

OPERATING

6

the

Using

Boost/Cut

Headroom

B: Specific

Part

8

Highlights

Description

Installation

Output

Installation

Two-Conductor

With

Diagram

Input/Output

INSTRUCTIONS

Section

EQ

Curve

Applications

Operation

and

Tranformer

Connection

Familes

Installation

Shielded

Rules

Cable

C:

Part

^

13

Introduction

I s

Performance

General

Power

Signal Processing

Maintenance and

'

Preventive

Control

Replacement

Troubleshooting

Factory

Shipping

Circuit

^

General

Input

Equalizer Sections

IN/OUT

EQ

Overload

Output

Power Supply

Appendix:

24

Maintenance

Evaluation

Supply

Service

Maintenance

Replacement

Components

of

1C

Service

Instructions

Description

Buffer

Switch

Indicator

Buffer

Interconnections

and

Circuitry

Opamps

Alignment

Printed

on

And Grounding

Circuit Boards

Stereo

8

Reinforcement

Sound

9

House

Notch

Stage Monitors

Individual

Dance

10

I Recording

I

Motion

I I

12

Broadcasting

12 Electronic

Bars

Tuning

Filtering

Driver

Studios

Picture

Music

Sound

Equalizer

Driving

24

Level Sources

24 Grounding

PARTS LIST

26

PARTS

30

SCHEMATIC

31

Input

the

LOCATOR

High-Impedance

From

And/Or

High-

REGISTRATION

CARD

The original purchaser

with this

manual.

should have

received

postpaid Registration

a

Card

packed

Registration is

benefit to you because

of

it

enables

applications, possible performance improvements, service

developed over the life of the product.

that we may more promptly respond to

future

purchase).

Please fill in the

If

please photocopy the image of

envelope. Use the

(without having to request

Registration Card and return it to

Registration

the

Card has

address

become lost

the card reproduced below and

shown on the title page.

It

also provides

possible

a copy of your

or you

claims

Bill

us.

have

Model #

Name or Title

Organization

Street

City/State/Country

or Mail Code

Zip

us to

aids,

with the date of sale so

us

of

tell

etc., which may be

under

Sale

Warranty

other

or

you

of new

in

proof

purchased the unit used,

send it to us in an

Serial

#

.

the

of

WARRANTY

Purchased from

Nature of your application

How did you hear about

Comments:

The Warranty,

Warranty

future reference.

Details on

Certificate on

obtaining factory

which

it?

Fig.

I: REGISTRATION

applies only to the

separate sheet

a

service are provided

City

Date of

CARD

first end-user

packed with this manual.

in Part

of record,

C.

Purchase

is stated on the

Save

it for

Part

A:

Installation and

Operation

INTRODUCTION

The

Orban

622A

channel contains four parametric

Isolation of the

622A/B

is

single-channel equalizer;

a

two channels in the 622B is extremely high

20-20, 000Hz). Therefore,

audible crosstalk.

The 622 is equipped with rotary-type

and

better than

useful

notch filter.

variable to enable precise

Each

"constant-Q"

channel of the

The

40dB

center

parametric equalizers

are

the 622B

equalization

channel may

each

of cut.

characteristics, and permitting the equalizer to

622

The controls are non-reciprocal,

frequency and bandwidth of each band are continuously

control of the audio spectrum.

has an

electronically-balanced

bands.

be used independently without

EQ

controls providing

unbalanced output which can be balanced by the

transformer.

filtering. l2dB of gain is

are monitored

peak clipping can be detected

The

flexibility

all

areas

broadcasting, motion

Input,

of audio: sound

output,

an extremely fast "peak -stretching" overload detector, so that

by

offered by

picture sound, dance bars

and power line connections all contain

available.

and corrected before

the 622 makes itaparticularly powerful tool in nearly

Aj|

potential

reinforcement, public address, recording

(discos),

high

of

is

overload points

it

professional

dual-channel equalizer. Each

a

(greater than

lodB

providing musically

be used as a

in

addition

up to

bridging input and an

of an optional output

becomes audible.

theater...

quality. The

-90dB,

danger of

of boost

effective

the equalizer

RF

studio,

PERFORMANCE

HIGHLIGHTS

The 622 easily meets

the quality,

performance, and reliability

requirements

demanding professional, and is also well-suited for use in semi-pro or

applications.

The

controls and

familiarize

622

for

EQ

Four

True

you

your specific

Section

bands,

parametric operation: non-interacting

parameters

+

l6dB, -infinity equalization range

"Constant-Q" curves

Each

band tunes over

"Q"

is variable between 0.29 and 3.2

features

with the unit's

installation and application.

the 622 are fully described in this manual.

of

potential and enable

each with TUNING

25:

frequency range

1

BANDWIDTH

and

to imaginatively

you

control

control over all three equalization

the

of

audiophile

It will

the

use

Bands

are totally non-interacting

In/out switches

for each

equalizer

band

Circuitry highly resistant to

General

l2dB available gain

performance deterioration

caused by

control wear

FRONT

PANEL

DESCRIPTION

Very low

High

"Peak-stretching” overload lamp

distortion

Industrial-grade parts and construction

Extremely

RFI

Balanced

INPUT

The

OVERLOAD

The

amplitude due

equalization.

perceived. Overloads

noise and distortion

slew rate for minimum

is audible

service

easy

suppression on input, output,

output optional (order

control adjusts the drive level

indicator monitors all critical points to

excessive input amplitude or to large amounts of peak boost

to

It indicates peak clipping substantially before any audible effects are

access

are

eliminated

TIM (SID)

warns

and power leads

retrofit kit

to the equalizers.

by

of clipping

required)

as

turning

anywhere in equalizer before

warn

down the

of excessive

INPUT

signal

control.

The CHANNEL EQ IN/OUT

input buffer

associated with

OVERLOAD LAMP

Input/output polarity is constant regardless

and output amplifier so

large amounts of equalization) occur.

will still operate as

The BAND EQ IN/OUT

equalizer

summing

noise

The EQ

+!6dB, -infinity dB.

The TUNING

have

The BANDWIDTH

band by disconnecting

amplifier.

contribution

controls

controls adjust the center frequency of each

a typical calibration accuracy of +1/3 octave.

Putting

from the

adjust

controls adjust the

switch defeats the entire EQ section,

that

gain

no

if

full equalization were occurring.

the position

of

switches defeat the equalization action of a

the output

unused bands in

resonators and

the maximum peak

of the bandpass resonator from its

the OUT

will

assure accurate flat

or dip in each band over a

"Q"

(sharpness) of each band.

becomes broader when turned clockwise; sharper when

Calibration

tolerance is typically

+10%

of the nominal

"Q"

retains the

but

changes (other than

In

the OUT position, the

this switch.

of

position will eliminate any

the

of

turned counterclockwise.

value.

four bands,

those

given

response.

range

and

"Q"

The

of

REAR

PANEL

DESCRIPTION

The

230V

The INPUT

screw).

FUSE

operation. Replace with the same type only.

used in the 622

OUTPUT

and

connectors provided

is a

3AG slo-blo

allow

2

type:

1/8 amp for either I

connection via

barrier

1

strip

5V

or

(//5

AC

POWER

The

power transformer

operation.

the modification.

If

the

can be

unit was ordered for

strapped for I

230 volts,

15 volt

a tag

230 volt 50

or

on the power

or

cord

60Hz

warns

AC

of

The two primary windings of

115

volt operation, and

Diagram

To

at the

strap the

the 622. Strapping

power tranformer.

strapping

insulation.

back

of

power transformer for a

instructions are found on the insulating fishpaper around the

It

is

be performed

can

The power cord is terminated in a

green/yellow) wire (which is

(or

to the

loops, this should

than

622

by

chassis.

damaging

If

it becomes necessary to lift

done

be

the power plug.

the power

in series for 230 volt operation. (See the Schematic

this manual.)

not

necessary

with bare jumper wire. Take care not to burn the

transformer are connected in paral lei for

different

to rearrange the heavy

"U-Ground"

voltage,

plug

to

remove

USA

the top cover

insulated

standards.

wiring;

The

connected to the long prong) is connected directly

with

a three-prong to

It is not recommended

this ground

two-prong

to suppress ground

adapter plug, rather

that this ground be

all

green

defeated unless absolutely necessary because it eliminates the intrinsic safety

feature

of the three-wire system.

WARNING!

IF

THE GROUND

THE

UNIT OR THE SYSTEM TO

RESULT

IN APPEARANCE OF FULL LINE VOLTAGE BETWEEN

CHASSIS AND

CAUSING SEVERE

IS DEFEATED, CERTAIN FAULT CONDITIONS

EARTH GROUND. SUCH VOLTAGE

INJURY OR

DEATH!

WHICH IT

IS CONNECTED CAN

IS CAPABLE OF

IN

of

MECHANICAL

INSTALLATION

Vertical space of

two standard

Mounting the unit directly

power amplifier may

temperature should not

shorten component

exceed

powered.

Balanced

the factory,

retrofit kit, available directly

have been designed to

you

performance

at high output levels,

performance

standards should produce

amplifier) without

The

transformers

Output Transformer

refer to

the installation

have

wish to

use

some other

measurements

acceptable for your

significantly compromising

Electrical Installation

are used.

with special attention to

thus

approximately

rack units

over

large

1

Installation:

13 degrees

l/2"/8.9cm) is required.

(3

heat-producing devices like a

life and

F

(45

If

transformers were

instructions furnished with the transformer

not recommended. Ambient

is

degrees

C)

from Orban. The transformers supplied

negligible effect on

a

transformers, it would be wise to

determining the

application.

+20dBm (limited

published specifications. Should

LF

distortion and

output

A

level

transformer

clipping in the output

by

performance.

section describes grounding procedures

vacuum-tube

when equipment is

not

installed at

with this kit

make careful

HF

response

achievable with

meeting Orban

in the event

3

ELECTRICAL

INSTALLATION

Connecting

Relatively

recording

without

casual,

analyzed if

interfacing

The

instructions

discussion

Input

The

electronically-balanced

the 622

uncomplicated

studios,

serious

provided

you are

between

of

interconnections

compatible with

or unbalanced,

whose

some vacuum-tube

input

to accomodate

Equalizer

systems (such

electronic music

grounding problems

that high RF

familiar with

balanced

below will

and unbalanced

apply

input

most

professional and

source impedance

audiophile

the situation.

preamps),

to other

studios,

even if

fields are

the standard

to

and

grounding can

of each

semi-professional

a minor

Please refer

equipment is

as home

dance bars,

the wiring

not

present. Unusual

systems.

the

majority

channel

is 600 ohms

modification

to the Appendix

quite straightforward.

playback systems,

etc.) tend to

practices

situations

rules governing

of cases. A

be found in

of the 622

sound

equipment,

or less.

If

it

may be made

for further

"semi-pro"

together

come

are somewhat

can be

grounding and

comprehensive

the Appendix.

equalizer is

balanced

is greater

details.

(as in

to the

Nominal

input

level

+26dBm.

Output

The

two

outputs

optional transformers),

to the

Wiring

We

equivalent)

does

ground

majority

chassis

the 622 With

recommend

not carry

at one

of

of each channel

RFI

(for

wiring with

because signal current

signal,

end

installations.

is between

and the

suppression).

-10

and +4dBm. The

of the 622 are

source impedance

Two-Conductor Shielded

two-conductor

flows through

is

only.

The following

used

only

for shielding,

table

unbalanced

is 47 ohms in

Cable

shielded

the two

and is

and diagram

absolute overload

(unless fitted with

parallel

cable

(such as Belden

conductors

ordinarily

are applicable

with

only. The

connected

to

point is

the

lOOOpF

8451

or

shield

to

a great

4

INPUT

TYPICAL

TABLE

INPUT/OUTPUT

I:

CONNECTION

RULES

Always

When the 622

circuit ground

When the 622

chassis

to

use

"+"

and

is driven from

of source, and

driven

is

ground.

as the two input

an unbalanced

to chassis

from a

balanced

Do not connect shield

terminals

source, connect

ground

of

source, connect

622

at

end.

OUTPUT

On the

driving

When

(on rear panel). When driving an

622

cord

only

If optional output

ground

Because it is not always possible to determine if the

or being

chassis grounds (which are always connected

cord), and

because it

diagram

622 output,

balanced or unbalanced).

driving

a balanced

connect shield

load, jumper circuit

at

Do

622

unbalanced

chassis

or

as last resort.

driven by the

are

should always

through rack.) For maximum protection from

transformer(s) are installed on

to chassis ground on the

622

have their circuit grounds internally connected to their

because

the

can be noisy

not

universally

use

applicable.

of the

or

earth-grounded

be

622.

AC

power line ground often introduces problems

otherwise imperfect, the wiring

end to

not connect

ground

(i.e. through third wire in power

to

the ground prong of the

to the 622.

shield both

622.

shield

at source end

chassis

to chassis

load,

do

shock, float

622,

pieces of equipment driving

ground (whether

shield

at other end.

ground on 622

not

attach

this ground

jumper the circuit

jumper.

AC

techniques

in the

to

line

If

you follow the

diagram

experiment. If the noise

isn't

enough grounding.

terminal on the

strapping the

A

ground loop

buzz. If

jumper

either

principle: one and only one circuit ground path should exist between each piece of

between circuit and chassis grounds on the

case,

622's barrier strip and see if the buzz goes away. You can also try

622's chassis and circuit grounds together, and see if

usually

you have a ground loop, you can often break it by disconnecting

think

equipment! (Bear

are connected

together internally, and could conceivably introduce

you do not take this

Try

sounds like a

carefully about what is going on, and keep in mind the general

in mind that the circuit grounds

connection into account in planning

5

sounds

and hum

like

or noise appears, don't be afraid to

low-level

a

connecting the input

smooth,

crackling buzz, then probably

the 622 to

of

steady hum rather than

rear-panel barrier strip.

622's

the two channels of

of

chassis ground

a

this

a

ground

a

your wiring.)

there

helps.

crackly

the

622B

a

loop if

In

OPERATING

The

operating controls

adjustment.

protrudes further from the front

located below

The EQ

its associated

of the

and

622 have

BANDWIDTH

EQ

been configured

controls are

panel.

and BANDWIDTH

The TUNING

concentric;

controls.

to

permit easy,

control

the

for each

EQ

intuitive

control

band is

To provide

calibration

reference

the

with

stereophonic

alone

clockwise than,

Matching in

Using the

To use the

BAND EQ switch

the

For those

become familiar

best value,

accuracy.

guides. Accurately

BAND

IN/OUT switch. When

matching of

is impractical.

"5",

then no

Part B for

EQ Sections

EQ section, switch the

for

who have never used a

with the

BANDWIDTH controls to

console channel

experimenting

try

affect the sound.

When you

broadband peaking

clockwise of

BANDWIDTH

equalizer.

with the

boost the

"0").

Contrast this with the

control

(BANDWIDTH control close to full

toward

the 622 uses

Calibrations

defeating

several

However,

problems

matching

each band

622

is to

"6".

The 622 will now

Once

you

TUNING and

EQ, discover

narrow (ccw).

controls

approximate, and are

are

equalization in a given

the

operating

622 channels

if the

BANDWIDTH controls are set

will occur.

instructions.)

of high

with narrow

on the basis

(See the subsection

CHANNEL EQ section switch

you wish to use.

Parametric Equalizer before,

center the

TUNING controls, and adjust

behave like an

have gotten the "feel" of

BANDWIDTH controls to

the subtle shelving

"ringy", colored

reliability

intended primarily as

but

modest

band is best done

bandwidths, accurate

on panel calibrations

on,

or

on Stereo

IN,

and switch

the easiest way to

ordinary "four-knob"

the 622 in this

see how they

effects available

clockwise;

quality of setting

mode,

EQ control

more

IN

the

from

the

When

essentially inaudible,

typically better than

harmonics, use one

you cut

The EQ curves are

because

this curve family to be

curves.

of the "Constant-Q"

The "Constant-Q"

EQ

the

but permit

band per

not reciprocal:

observe

40dB

than 40dB) notches to be

other interference of

Specified

varying the

of the curve vary.

"Q"

BANDWIDTH control, the

fixed pitch.

for any setting of

range

Despite the non-reciprocal

EQ (in recording a

the track

original recording,

the

settings,

which is reciprocal to

cancelled, use a

the converse is true.

curve

through the

and

be precisely

will

with the

track, for example)

equalizer with

with all

BANDWIDTH controls

the one used

broader

When

reciprocal

the effects you

(If

sounds

the

suppressing

each band.

in

dominant harmonic.)

provides

boost

configuration of

musically useful than the more

more

family also

created

permits infinite-depth (in

which are highly useful for

peak

nature of

the "Constant-Q" curves, a

the equalizer. Experience

TUNING

the

gain remains

can be precisely

TUNING controls set

all

EQ controls set equal but

readjusted (by ear) to

make the recording.

to

"Q"

setting

the

(more clockwise); if a cut

BANDWIDTH

the original.

to

control is correctly

now achieve.

fixed frequency (like

of

sound

to be

wider bandwidth

a

control is

constant while the skirts

cancelled later by

opposite to

Narrowband

suppressed is

has shown

common

eliminating

0.29

as

If

is to be

"reciprocal"

practice, greater

3.2. When

to

given amount of

they were during

their

provide

boost is to be

a

cancelled,

adjusted,

are

dips

hum),

rich in

than cut

hum

passing

original

curve

a

such a

or

6

HZ

Fig. 3:

More boost or

frequency. Typically,

provided by a

overload

While

swept

Notes

and

in the narrowband boost

give a sound similar to

to

Headroom

On

The overload-to-noise

somewhat

power amplifiers, for

the overload

cut can be

-80dB of cut

single band), and

noise buildup

ratio available from the

on the settings of

example, the overload point of the 622 should

point of the

ATTENUATOR settings on

sinewave input to

OVERLOAD

622

oscilloscope,

amplifier used.

622/power amp

the 622 is adjusted

Clipping

lamp.

power

output

This

procedure

combination.

CONST

achieved

+32dB

ANT-Q CURVE

by tuning adjacent bands to the same

(which

is seldom more useful than the

of boost are then

FAMILY

available. But beware

when boosting!

mode, a band's

"phasing".

the controls. To minimize audible noise

power amplifier. This

the

power amp(s) to

in level such that it just

in

meters,

amplifier

the

other overload indicator,

or

assures minimum noise and

TUNING

622

control can be continuously

typically l05dB,

is

done

is

by

make the amp(s) barely clip

may be

detected by means of

-40dB

and

while

be matched to

adjusting the

barely lights the

depending on the

distortion

from

cut

of

depends

driving

INPUT

when

an

the

a

PRIOR

TESTING, BE SURE

TO

AS A LOUDSPEAKER) IS

IF

THINK THAT

YOU

SIGNAL WITH

NOISE LOWPASS

IT MIGHT BE, USE A DUMMY

A

HIGHER

FILTERED

TWEETERS.

WARNING!

THAT THE POWER

DAMAGED BY

NOT

PEAK-TO-AVERAGE

AT

KHZ) SO AS

I

7

AMP LOAD (SUCH

FULL-POWER

SINEWAVE.

LOAD OR A

RATIO (LIKE

NOT TO BURN OUT

TEST

PINK