N-Tron 7900 User Manual
7900 Series
Industrial
Gigabit Ethernet Switch
User Manual &
Installation
Guide
(Revised 2012-06-30) page 1 of 165
Industrial Gigabit Ethernet Switch Installation Guide ................................................................................................. 5
7900 Industrial Ethernet Switch Accessories ............................................................................................................... 6
Safety Warnings ........................................................................................................................................................... 8
SUPPORT: ................................................................................................................................................................... 8
INSTALLATION ....................................................................................................................................................... 10
SERVICING .............................................................................................................................................................. 10
FRONT PANEL: ........................................................................................................................................................ 14
APPLYING POWER (Side View) ............................................................................................................................. 15
CAT5 CABLE SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................................................... 17
CONNECTING THE UNIT ...................................................................................................................................... 18
Overview of Advanced Features ................................................................................................................................ 20
Mode of Operation .................................................................................................................................................................. 20
Port Mirroring ......................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Port Trunking .......................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Quality of Service (QoS) ................................................................ ................................................................ ......................... 20
Virtual LAN ............................................................................................................................................................................ 21
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ................................................................................................................................................ 22
SNMP Traps ............................................................................................................................................................................ 22
IGMP Snooping ...................................................................................................................................................................... 22
N-Ring ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
N-Link ................................................................................................................................................................ ..................... 23
CIP .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
DHCP ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
DHCP Client ........................................................................................................................................................................... 24
DHCP Relay Agent ................................................................................................................................................................. 24
DHCP Server ........................................................................................................................................................................... 24
LLDP ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Port Security—MAC Address Based ...................................................................................................................................... 24
XML Settings Download ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
Rate Limiting .......................................................................................................................................................................... 24
TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................................................................................................................. 25
Web Software Configuration ..................................................................................................................................... 26
Web Management ................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Administration – System ......................................................................................................................................................... 29
Administration – SNMP .......................................................................................................................................................... 33
Administration – Fault ............................................................................................................................................................ 34
Administration – Slots ............................................................................................................................................................. 35
DHCP – Server – Setup Profiles ............................................................................................................................................. 36
DHCP – Server – Setup IP Maps ............................................................................................................................................ 38
DHCP – Server – View Bindings ............................................................................................................................................ 43
DHCP – Relay & Local IP - Setup .......................................................................................................................................... 44
LLDP - Configuration ............................................................................................................................................................. 47
LLDP - Ports ........................................................................................................................................................................... 48
LLDP - Status .......................................................................................................................................................................... 49
LLDP - Statistics ..................................................................................................................................................................... 50
Ports – Configuration .............................................................................................................................................................. 51
Ports – MAC Security – Learning ........................................................................................................................................... 54
Ports – MAC Security – Authorization List ............................................................................................................................ 58
Ports – MAC Security – Intruder Log ..................................................................................................................................... 59
Ports – Mirroring ..................................................................................................................................................................... 60
Ports – Trunking ...................................................................................................................................................................... 63
Ports – QOS............................................................................................................................................................................. 64
Statistics – Port Statistics ........................................................................................................................................................ 66
Statistics – Ports Utilization .................................................................................................................................................... 67
VLAN – Configuration ........................................................................................................................................................... 68
Bridging – Aging Time ........................................................................................................................................................... 71
Bridging – Unicast Addresses ................................................................................................................................................. 72
Bridging – Multicast Addresses .............................................................................................................................................. 74
Bridging – Show MAC by Port ............................................................................................................................................... 76
RSTP – Configuration ............................................................................................................................................................. 78
(Revised 2012-06-30) page 2 of 165
IGMP – Configuration ............................................................................................................................................................ 82
IGMP – Show Group and Show Router .................................................................................................................................. 86
IGMP – RFilter ....................................................................................................................................................................... 87
N-View – Configuration .......................................................................................................................................................... 89
N-View – Ports ........................................................................................................................................................................ 90
N-Ring – Configuration .......................................................................................................................................................... 92
N-Ring – Advanced Configuration ......................................................................................................................................... 95
N-Ring – Status ....................................................................................................................................................................... 97
N-Link – Configuration ......................................................................................................................................................... 101
N-Link – Status ..................................................................................................................................................................... 105
CIP – Configuration .............................................................................................................................................................. 112
CIP – Status ........................................................................................................................................................................... 113
Firmware/Config – TFTP ................................ ................................................................................................ ...................... 114
Support – Web Site and E-mail ............................................................................................................................................. 116
Rate Limiting Configuration ................................................................................................................................................. 117
User Management – Adding Users ....................................................................................................................................... 120
User Management – Removing Users ................................................................................................................................... 121
Logical View ................................ ................................................................................................ ......................................... 122
Configuration – Save or Reset............................................................................................................................................... 123
Help – Overview ................................................................................................................................................................... 125
Help – Administration ........................................................................................................................................................... 126
Help – DHCP ........................................................................................................................................................................ 127
Help – LLDP ......................................................................................................................................................................... 128
Help – Ports ........................................................................................................................................................................... 129
Help – Statistics ................................ ................................................................ ................................ ..................................... 130
Help – VLAN ........................................................................................................................................................................ 131
Help – Bridging ..................................................................................................................................................................... 132
Help – RSTP ......................................................................................................................................................................... 133
Help – IGMP ......................................................................................................................................................................... 134
Help – N-View ................................................................................................................................ ...................................... 135
Help – N-Ring ....................................................................................................................................................................... 136
Help – N-Link ....................................................................................................................................................................... 137
Help – CIP ............................................................................................................................................................................. 138
Help – Firmware/Config ....................................................................................................................................................... 139
Help – Rate Limiting ............................................................................................................................................................. 140
Help – User Management ...................................................................................................................................................... 141
Help – Other ................................................................................................................................................................ .......... 142
CLI Commands ........................................................................................................................................................ 143
“?” (Help) .............................................................................................................................................................................. 143
Logout ................................................................................................................................................................................... 143
Show, Add, or Delete ARL Entries ....................................................................................................................................... 144
Configuration Device Operations .......................................................................................................................................... 145
Show or Set CIP Configuration ................................................................ ................................................................ ............. 146
Save or Reset the Configuration Settings .............................................................................................................................. 147
Show or Set IGMP Configuration ................................................................ ................................ ......................................... 147
Show or Set Mirror Configuration ........................................................................................................................................ 148
Show or Set N-Ring Configuration ....................................................................................................................................... 149
Show or Set N-View Configuration ...................................................................................................................................... 149
Ping a Host ............................................................................................................................................................................ 150
Show or Set Port Configuration ............................................................................................................................................ 151
Reset the Switch .................................................................................................................................................................... 152
Show or Set SNMP Configuration ........................................................................................................................................ 152
Show or Clear the Last System Error .................................................................................................................................... 153
Show System Information ..................................................................................................................................................... 153
Set or Show the System Slots Configuration ........................................................................................................................ 154
Set or Show the System IP Configuration ............................................................................................................................. 155
Show or Set System Configuration ....................................................................................................................................... 156
VLAN Configuration Examples .............................................................................................................................. 157
Example 1 – Basic understanding of port based VLANs ...................................................................................................... 157
Example 2 – Basic understanding of tagged VLANs (Admit – Tagged Only) ..................................................................... 157
Example 3 – Basic understanding of tagged VLANs (Admit – All) ..................................................................................... 158
Example 4 – Basic understanding of Hybrid VLANs ........................................................................................................... 158
(Revised 2012-06-30) page 3 of 165
Example 5 – Basic understanding of Overlapping VLANs................................................................................................... 159
Example 6 – Basic understanding of VLANs with Multicast Filtering ................................................................................. 159
KEY SPECIFICATIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 160
Appendix A. XML Settings File Example .............................................................................................................. 162
N-TRON Limited Warranty ..................................................................................................................................... 165
(Revised 2012-06-30) page 4 of 165
PRODUCT FEATURES
• Full IEEE 802.3 Compliance
• Full IEEE 1613 Compliance (Electric Power Stations)
• NEMA TS1/TS2 Compliance (Traffic Control systems)
• ABS Type Approval (Maritime and Offshore Applications)
• Scalable Switch with 4 I/O Slots
• Up to twenty-four 10/100 Base-TX RJ-45 Ports
• Two Optional Gigabit ports:
o 1000BaseSX/LX Ports, LC style, and/or
o 1000BaseT Ports, RJ45 style
• Extended Environmental Specifications
• Autosensing 10/100 Base-TX, Duplex, and MDIX
• Offers Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
• Trunk with other N-Tron trunking capable switches
• Store & Forward Technology
• Plug and Play IGMP Support
• Rugged Din-Rail Enclosure
• Redundant Power Inputs (10-30 VDC)
• Onboard Temperature Sensor
• Configuration Backup via optional SD Card
(NTCD-128)
• Full SNMP
• Web Browser Management with detailed ring map and fault
location charting.
• Web Browsing and N-View Switch Monitoring
MODULE / SLOT OPTIONS
• 7900 CPU Module – CPU Module with 2 SFP Gigabit Ports
• 9006 TX – 6 Port 10/100 Base-TX Copper Module
• 9004 FX – 4 Port 100 Base-FX Fiber Module
• 9002 FX – 2 Port 100 Base-FX Fiber Module
MANAGEMENT FEATURES
• IGMP Snooping
• VLAN
• QoS
• Port Trunking
• Port Mirroring
• LLDP
• CIP
• 802.1D-2004 Rapid Spanning Tree
• N-RING™ (N-Tron proprietary Ring Management)
• N-LINK™ (N-Tron proprietary Coupling Management)
• DHCP Server, Option 82 relay
• Port Security—MAC Address Based
Industrial Gigabit Ethernet Switch Installation Guide
7900 Series
The N-TRON 7900 Series Gigabit
Ethernet Capable Industrial Ethernet
Switch offers outstanding performance
and ease of use. It is ideally suited for
connecting Ethernet enabled industrial and
or security equipment and is a fully
managed switch.
(Revised 2012-06-30) page 5 of 165
NTCD-128
Configuration Device
Ideal for saving, or restoring switch configuration
parameters quickly without the need for a computer or
software. One configuration device per switch is
recommended.
7900 Industrial Ethernet Switch Accessories
Do not use, connect, or disconnect the SD Card unless the area is known to be non-hazardous. Connection
or disconnection in an explosive atmosphere could result in an explosion.
The configuration device is inserted into the front of the 7900 CPU Module.
(Revised 2012-06-30) page 6 of 165
Copyright, © N-Tron Corporation, 2008-2012
3101 International Drive, Building 6
Mobile, AL 36606 USA
All rights reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without prior written permission from N-Tron Corporation is prohibited, except as
allowed under copyright laws.
Ethernet is a registered trademark of Xerox Corporation. All other product names, company names, logos or other designations mentioned
herein are trademarks of their respective owners.
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. N-Tron Corporation makes no warranty of any kind with
regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. In no event
shall N-Tron Corporation be liable for any incidental, special, indirect or consequential damages whatsoever included but not limited to lost
profits arising out of errors or omissions in this manual or the information contained herein.
Warning
Do not perform any services on the unit unless qualified to do so. Do not substitute unauthorized parts or make unauthorized modifications to
the unit.
Do not operate the unit with the top cover removed, as this could create a shock or fire hazard.
Do not block the air vents on the sides or the top of the unit.
Do not operate the equipment in the presence of flammable gasses or fumes. Operating electrical equipment in such an environment constitutes
a definite safety hazard.
Do not operate the equipment in a manner not specified by this manual.
(Revised 2012-06-30) page 7 of 165
Safety Warnings
GENERAL SAFETY
WARNING: If the equipment is used in the manner not specified by N-Tron Corporation, the protection provided by the equipment may be
impaired.
LASER SAFETY 7900CPU with these SFPs:
1000BaseLX (NTSFP-LX-40): 40 kilometers
1000BaseLX (NTSFP-LX-80): 80 kilometers
CAUTION: CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT. Do not stare into the laser!
SUPPORT:
Contact Information
N-Tron Corporation
3101 International Drive
Building 6
Mobile, AL 36606
TEL: (251) 342-2164
FAX: (251) 342-6353
Website: www.n-tron.com
Email: N-TRON_Support@n-tron.com
(Revised 2012-06-30) page 8 of 165
ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
WARNING: Disconnect the power and allow to cool 5 minutes before touching.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
WARNING: Disconnect the power cable before removing any modules, or any enclosure panel.
WARNING: Do not operate the unit with the any cover removed.
WARNING: Properly ground the unit before connecting anything else to the unit. Units not properly grounded may result in a safety risk and
could be hazardous and may void the warranty. See the grounding technique section of this user manual for proper ways to ground the unit.
WARNING: Do not work on equipment or cables during periods of lightning activity.
WARNING: Do not perform any services on the unit unless qualified to do so.
WARNING: Do not block the air vents.
WARNING: Observe proper DC Voltage polarity when installing power input cables. Reversing voltage polarity can cause permanent damage
to the unit and void the warranty.
Installation Requirements
1. WARNING: Explosion Hazard - Do not disconnect equipment unless power has been switched off or the area is known
to be non-hazardous.
2. WARNING: Install only in accordance with Local & National Codes of Authorities having jurisdiction.
3. WARNING: This equipment is suitable for use in Class I, Div. 2, Groups A, B, C, D or Non-Hazardous Locations
Only.
4. WARNING: Explosion Hazard – Substitution of Components May Impair Suitability For Class I, Div. 2.
5. WARNING: Explosion Hazard – Do not remove SD Card unless power has been disconnected or the area is known to
be free of ignitable concentrations of flammable gases or vapors.
6. WARNING: Explosion Hazard – Do not remove Fiber Optic Transceivers unless power has been disconnected or the
area is known to be free of ignitable concentrations of flammable gases or vapors.
7. Power must be supplied by an isolating source, and a 3.3 A max rated UL Recognized fuse must be installed
immediately before the unit.
8. Class I, Div 2 installations require that all devices connected to this product must be UL listed for the area in which it is
installed.
9. Only UL listed wiring with temperature ratings greater than 90°C permitted for Class I, Div 2 installations operating at
temperatures up to 70°C ambient.
10. Limited Operating Voltage: 12-30V for Class I, Div 2 installations.
11. Maximum operating voltage of power source shall not exceed 60 VDC including battery charging float voltage.
(Revised 2012-06-30) page 9 of 165
PACKAGE CONTENTS
Please make sure the 7900 Series Gigabit Ethernet Switch package contains the following items:
1. 7900 Series Gigabit Ethernet Switch and other modules, filler panels, or accessories that may have been ordered.
2. Product CD
Contact your carrier if any items are damaged.
INSTALLATION
Read the following warning before beginning the installation.
WARNING
Never install or work on electrical equipment or cabling during periods of lightning activity. Never connect or disconnect power
when hazardous gasses are present.
Disconnect the power cable before removing any enclosure panel.
Do not operate the unit with any covers removed
UNPACKING
Remove all the equipment from the packaging, and store the packaging in a safe place. File any damage claims with the carrier.
CLEANING
Clean only with a damp cloth.
SERVICING
The 7900 Series is a modular based Gigabit Ethernet Switch with up to 4 slots for ports and one slot for the CPU module. Please
follow the steps below for adding, removing, or swapping modules in the 7900 series switch. Technicians performing the
following steps should wear proper anti-static equipment to protect the circuit boards. WARNING: The 7900 Series switch is
NOT hot swappable. Removing or adding modules while the power is still on can damage the equipment.
Adding or Replacing a Module:
1. Remove power from the switch.
2. Unscrew the two thumb screws for the filler panel or module that you are replacing.
3. Using both hands pull on both thumb screws to slide the filler panel or module you are replacing.
4. Align the new module such that it slides on the rails and firmly push it into the unit.
5. Screw both thumb screws down till they are finger tight.
6. Reapply the power and configure the slots on the 7900 either through the web management interface or the serial
management interface.
7. In order to verify the settings have been configured and saved correctly, you may want to view the Logical View page in
the found in the web browser interface. The dynamic illustration displayed on the Logical View page must match the
physical switch configuration respectively in order for the switch to function correctly. If not, please repeat the steps
listed above.
8. Validation of the configuration and each physical cable segment may be obtained by using
9. N-ViewOPC Server software. The software is freely distributed on the Product CD and our web site
(http://www.ntron.com/pdf/setup_nviewopc.zip). Once N-ViewOPC is installed, you should view the Ports Counter
page view each connected port. You may find it helpful to copy [Alt]+[PrintScreen] the Port Counter information for
each port and paste [Control]+[V] into a Windows document for further review. Please consult your N-View OPC
Server manual for additional information.
NOTE: Modules should be installed in slot order (from left to right). So in a 2 slot configuration Slots A and B are populated.
Empty slots must be covered with a 9000-FP to meet emission standards.
(Revised 2012-06-30) page 10 of 165
Replacing a CPU Module:
1. Remove power from the switch.
2. Unscrew the two thumb screws for the CPU module that you are replacing.
3. Using both hands pull on both thumb screws to slide the CPU module out of the chassis.
4. Align the new CPU Module such that it slides on the rails and firmly push it into the unit.
5. Screw both thumb screws down till they are finger tight.
6. Reapply the power to the switch.
NOTE: All configuration settings are saved to the NVRAM which is stored locally on the CPU Module. If you replace the CPU
Module all settings will move with the CPU Module. You can save and download a custom configuration to a TFTP server.
The switch’s MAC Address and IP Address will also move with the CPU Module.
(Revised 2012-06-30) page 11 of 165
DIN-Rail Mounting
To mount the unit to the 35mm din-rail, place top edge of the
bracket on the back of the unit against the din-rail at a 45° upward
angle. Lower the bottom of the unit until it snaps into place.
To remove the unit from the 35mm din-rail, place a
flat head screwdriver into the release clip at the bottom of
the unit, and push down on the clip until it disengages
from the bottom of the unit from the din-rail. Lift the
bottom of the unit up at an approximate 45° upward angle
to completely remove the unit.
Most N-Tron™ products are designed to
be mounted on industry standard 35mm DINRail. However, DIN-Rail mounting may not
be suitable for all applications. Our Universal
Rack Mount Kit (P/N: URMK) may be used
to mount the 7900 Series to standard 19"
racks as an option.
Install the unit on a standard 35mm Din-Rail. Recess the unit to allow at least 5” of horizontal clearance for fiber cable bend
radius.
(Revised 2012-06-30) page 12 of 165
Panel Mount Mounting
Install the unit directly on a wall or sturdy panel such as a bulkhead. Recess the unit to allow at least 5” of horizontal clearance
for fiber cable bend radius.
To bulkhead mount the unit, place top edge of the bracket on the back of the unit against two screws at a 45° upward angle.
Lower the bottom of the unit until it is flush with the wall, and secure the bottom of the unit with two more screws.
To remove the unit from a wall, remove the bottom two screws that secure it to the wall and slide the unit up until the top two
screws will fit through the larger holes on the unit. The switch should then freely come away from the wall.
(Revised 2012-06-30) page 13 of 165
FRONT PANEL:
LED
Color
Description
GREEN
Power is Applied and there are no faults.
RED
Power is Applied and there is a fault.
OFF
Power is OFF
LNK
GREEN
10/100/1000Mb Link between ports
OFF
No Link between ports
ACT
GREEN
Data is active between ports
OFF
Data is inactive between ports
From Left to Right:
Gigabit Ports SFP Connections
RJ45 Ports Auto sensing 10/100 Base-TX Connections
Fiber Ports 100 Base-FX Connections
Green LED lights when Power is supplied to the module and there are no faults. This light is
red when there is a fault.
NOTE: The RJ45 data port has two LED’s located at the side of the connector. The bottom LED indicates
LINK status, and the top LED indicates ACTIVITY.
LED’s: The table below describes the operating modes:
(Revised 2012-06-30) page 14 of 165
APPLYING POWER (Side View)
Input AC 100V…240V
Output DC 24V…28V
Output Current 5A
Peak Current 7.5A for 4 sec.
Power 120W
Peak Power 180W (max 4 sec.)
35 mm DIN-Rail Mountable
Dimensions: 1.57”W x 4.88”H x 4.61”D
Unscrew & Remove the DC Voltage Input Plug
from the Power Input Header
Install the DC Power Cables into the Plug
(observing polarity).
Plug the Voltage Input Plug back into the Power
Input Header.
Tightening torque for the terminal block power
plug is 0.5 Nm/0.368 Pound Foot.
Verify the Power LED stays ON (GREEN).
Note: Only 1 power supply must be connected to power for minimal operation. For redundant power
operation, V1 and V2 inputs must be connected to separate DC Voltage sources. This device will draw
current from both sources simultaneously. Use 16-28 gauge wire when connecting to the power supply.
Recommended 24V DC Power Supplies, similar to: N-Tron’s P/N NTPS-24-5
(Revised 2012-06-30) page 15 of 165
N-TRON SWITCH GROUNDING TECHNIQUES
The grounding philosophy of any control system is an integral part of the design. N-Tron switches are
designed to be grounded, but the user has been given the flexibility to float the switch when required. The
best noise immunity and emissions (i.e. CE) are obtained when the N-Tron switch chassis is connected to
earth ground via a drain wire. Some N-Tron switches have metal din-rail brackets that can ground the
switch if the din-rail is grounded. In some cases, N-Tron switches with metal brackets can be supplied with
optional plastic brackets if isolation is required.
Both V- legs of the power input connector are connected
to chassis internally on the PCB. Connecting a drain wire
to earth ground from one of the V- terminal plugs as
shown here will ground the switch and the chassis. The
power leads from the power source should be limited to 3
meters or less in length.
As an alternate, users can run a drain wire & lug from any of the DinRail screws or empty PEM nuts on the enclosure. When using an
unused PEM nut to connect a ground lug via a machine screw, care
should be taken to limit the penetration of the outer skin by less than 1/4
in. Failure to do so may cause irreversible damage to the internal
components of the switch.
Note: Before applying power to the grounded switch, you must use a
volt meter to verify there is no voltage difference between the power
supply’s negative output terminal and the switch chassis grounding
point.
If the use of shielded cables is required, it is generally recommended to only connect the shield at one end to
prevent ground loops and interfere with low level signals (i.e. thermocouples, RTD, etc.). Cat5e cables
manufactured to EIA-568A or 568B specifications are required for use with N-Tron Switches.
In the event all Cat5e patch cable distances are small (i.e. All Ethernet devices are located the same local
cabinet and/or referenced to the same earth ground), it is permissible to use fully shielded cables terminated
to chassis ground at both ends in systems void of low level analog signals.
(Revised 2012-06-30) page 16 of 165
CAT5 CABLE SPECIFICATIONS
Please reference the illustration below for your Cat5 cable specifications:
(Revised 2012-06-30) page 17 of 165
CONNECTING THE UNIT
For FX/FXE units, remove the dust cap from the fiber optic connectors and connect the fiber optic
cables. The TX port on the FX/FXE models should be connected to the RX port of the far end station. The
RX port on the FX/FXE versions should be connected to the TX port of the far end station.
For 10/100 Base-TX ports, plug a Category 5E twisted pair cable into the RJ45 connector. Connect
the other end to the far end station. Verify that the LNK LED’s are ON once the connection has been
completed. To connect any other port to another Switch or Repeater, use a standard Category 5 straight
through or crossover cable.
N-Tron recommends the use of
pre-manufactured Cat5E cables to ensure
the best performance. If this is not an
option and users must terminate their own
ends on the Cat5E cables; one of the two
color coded standards shown to the right
should be utilized. If a user does not
follow one of these two color code
standards then the performance and
maximum cable distance will be reduced
significantly, and may prevent the switch
from establishing a link.
Warning: In absence of RSTP or Proprietary Ring control on the specific ports connected, creating a port
to port connection on the same switch (i.e. loop) is an illegal operation and will created a broadcast storm
which will crash the network!
SERIAL INTERFACE
The 7900 Series switches provide an EIA-232 interface accessed via a 9 pin female connector (labeled
‘COM’ on the unit). This is used to access the Command Line Interpreter (CLI). The pin-outs are shown
below:
(Revised 2012-06-30) page 18 of 165
Serial Cable
PC Port
25-Pin
9-Pin
7900 series
Female
Female
9-Pin Male
Signal Name
Pin #
Pin #
Pin #
Signal Name
TXD
2 3 3
RXD
RXD
3 2 2
TXD
GND
7 5 5
GND
Connect the serial COM port of your PC and the 7900 Series switch using a standard straight through cable.
You will require a cable with a 9-pin or 25-pin sub-D female connector for the PC end, and a 9-pin male
sub-D connector for the 7900 Series end.
The following table shows the pin-out and the connections for both types of cable:
Shielded cables and null modems are readily available from Radio Shack or a variety of computer stores.
HyperTerminal
The following configuration should be used in HyperTerminal:
Port Settings: 115200
Data Bits: 8
Parity: None
Stop bits: 1
Flow Control: None
(Revised 2012-06-30) page 19 of 165
Overview of Advanced Features
Mode of Operation
Each port on the switch can be configured into different modes of operation as shown below:
Copper Ports: 100Base Fiber Ports: 1000Base Copper/Fiber Ports:
- Half Duplex - Full Duplex - Full Duplex
- Full Duplex
- Auto Negotiation
Half Duplex
In half duplex mode, the CSMA/CD media access method is the means by which two or more stations share
a common transmission medium. To transmit, a station waits (defers) for a quiet period on the medium (that
is, no other station is transmitting) and then sends the intended message in bit-serial form. If, after initiating
a transmission, the message collides with that of another station, then each transmitting station intentionally
transmits for an additional predefined period to ensure propagation of the collision throughout the system.
The station remains silent for a random amount of time (back-off) before attempting to transmit again.
Full Duplex
Full duplex operation allows simultaneous communication between a pair of stations using point-to-point
media (dedicated channel). Full duplex operation does not require that transmitters defer, nor do they
monitor or react to receive activity, as there is no contention for a shared medium in this mode.
Auto Negotiation
In Auto Negotiation mode, the port / hardware detects the mode of operation of the station that is connected
to this port and sets its mode to match the mode of the station.
Port Mirroring
A Mirroring Port is a dedicated port that is configured to receive the copies of Ethernet frames that are being
transmitted out and also being received in from any other port that is being monitored. ‘Mirrored Data Only’
can be selected and this selects for mirrored data only to be transmitted to the destination port, as opposed to
mirrored data and whatever other data is otherwise destined for the destination Port.
Port Trunking
Port Trunking is the ability to group two network ports to increase the bandwidth between two machines
(switch or any work station). This feature allows grouping of high-speed connectivity and provides
redundant connection between switches, so that a trunk can act as a single link between the switches.
Quality of Service (QoS)
Quality of service (QoS) refers to resource reservation control mechanisms. Quality of service is the ability
to provide different priority to different applications, users, or data flows. Quality of service guarantees are
important if the network capacity is insufficient, especially for real-time streaming multimedia applications
such as voice over IP, online games and IP-TV, since these often require fixed bit rate and are delay
(Revised 2012-06-30) page 20 of 165
sensitive, and in networks where the capacity is a limited resource, for example in cellular data
communication. In the absence of network congestion, QoS mechanisms are not required.
Each of these three QOS methods below is included or not based on the settings on the relevant browser
page:
1) Force High Priority (Port Based),
2) IEEE802.1p (Tagged QOS), or
3) DSCP (differentiated services code points) (RFC 2474).
When Force High Priority is enabled, the port based priority is included in the decision for all ports and all
frames received on a port will use the default QOS priority for that port in the decision. For example, if it is
desired to have ingress frames on a port egress to the highest priority transmit queue regardless of other
factors, then enable Force High Priority and set the port's Default Port Priority to 7.
Virtual LAN
The switch provides support for setting up tagged Virtual LANs (Local Area Networks). A port may belong
to any number of Virtual LANs. The VLAN membership of a device is determined by the VLAN(s) that
have been defined for the port to which the device is connected. If a device should move from one port to
another, it loses its current VLAN membership and inherits that of the new port it is connected to.
VLANs facilitate easy administration of logical groups of devices that can communicate as if they
were on the same LAN. Traffic between VLANs is restricted, unless the ports are explicitly configured
as overlapping VLANs. Switches forward unicast, multicast, and broadcast traffic only on LAN segments
that serve the VLAN to which the traffic belongs.
A Default Virtual LAN (VID=1) exists to which a port, which is not a member of any other Virtual LAN,
will belong. This allows the switch to operate as a ‘normal’ switch when it is used in a network. A port is
automatically removed from the Default VLAN when it is reconfigured to belong to another Virtual LAN,
because that is the most common operation. But, if desired, the port can be included in VLAN 1 by
configuring VLAN 1 last.
If switch ports are configured to transmit and receive untagged frames, end devices are able to communicate
throughout the LAN. Using Tagged VLANs, the switch has the ability to take non-tagged packets in some
ports, add a VLAN tag to the packet and send it out tagged ports on the switch. The VLANs can also be
configured to accept tagged packets in tagged ports, strip the tags off the packets, and send the packets back
out other untagged ports. This allows a network administrator to set up the switch to support devices on the
network that do not support VLAN Tagged packets. The administrator can also set up the ports to discard
any packets that are tagged or to discard any packets that are untagged based on a hybrid VLAN of both
tagged and untagged ports, and using the VLAN Ingress Filter on the switch.
For each switch port there is one and only one PVID (port VLAN ID) setting. If an incoming frame is
untagged and untagged frames are being accepted, then that frame will inherit the tag of the PVID value for
that port. Subsequent switch routing and treatment will be in accordance with that VLAN switch map. By
configuring PVIDs properly and configuring for all frames to exit untagged, the switch can achieve a ‘port
VLAN’ configuration in which all frames in and out can be untagged, thus not requiring external devices to
be VLAN cognizant.
To understand how a VLAN configuration will perform, first look at the port on which the frame enters the
switch, then the VLAN ID (if the frame is tagged) or the PVID (if the frame is untagged). The VLAN
defined by the VID or PVID defines a VLAN group with a membership of ports. This membership
determines whether a port is included or excluded as to frame egress from the switch.
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The 7900 Series switch also has the ability to allow overlapping VLANs. Overlapping VLANs give
the user the ability to have one or more ports share two or more VLAN groups. For more information and
examples on how this could be implemented, please see the ‘VLAN Configuration Examples’ in this
document, and/or our website’s technical documents. Note that RSTP on overlapping VLANs is not
supported and the system will automatically disable RSTP on all but the lowest VID VLANs that have
overlapping ports.
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
The Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol as specified in IEEE 802.1D-2004 is supported. One Spanning Tree per
non-overlapping VLAN is supported. The Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) supersedes the Spanning
Tree Protocol (STP) which was described in IEEE 802.1D-1998. The RSTP is used to configure a simply
connected active network topology from the arbitrarily connected bridges of a bridged network. Bridges
effectively connect just the LANs to which their forwarding ports are attached. Ports that are in a blocking
state do not forward frames. The bridges in the network exchange sufficient information to automatically
derive a spanning tree.
RSTP allows for much quicker learning of network topology changes than the older STP. RSTP supports
new and improved features such as rapid transition to forwarding state. RSTP also sends out new BPDUs
every hello time instead of just relaying them. RSTP interoperates with older STP switches by falling back
to the older STP when the older BPDUs are detected on bridge ports. The user can also manually configure
bridge ports to use the older STP when desired.
SNMP Traps
The 7900 Series switch supports up to 5 SNMP Trap Stations to which SNMP Traps will be sent. The
switch supports five standard traps; Link Up, Link Down, Cold Start, Warm Start and Authentication Errors.
SNMP Traps will be sent to all the trap stations configured on the switch when the corresponding trap is
enabled.
IGMP Snooping
IGMP Snooping is enabled by default, and the switch is Plug and Play for IGMP. IGMP snooping provides
intelligent network support for multicast applications. In particular, unneeded traffic is reduced. IGMP
Snooping is configured via the web console and if enabled, operates dynamically upon each power up.
Also, there can be manual only or manual and dynamic operation. Note that “static multicast group
address” can be used whether IGMP Snooping is enabled or not.
IGMP Snooping will function dynamically without user intervention. If some of the devices in the LAN do
not understand IGMP, then manual settings are provided to accommodate them. The Internet Group
Management Protocol (IGMP) is a protocol that provides a way for a computer to report its multicast group
membership to adjacent ‘routers’. In this case N-Tron 7900 series switches provide router-like
functionality. Multicasting allows one computer to send content to multiple other computers that have
identified themselves as interested in receiving the originating computer's content. Multicasting can be used
to transmit only to an audience that has joined (and not left) a multicast group membership. IGMP version 2
is formally described in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Comments (RFC) 2236.
IGMP version 1 is formally described in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Comments
(RFC) 1112. The 7900 series supports v1 and v2.
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N-Ring
N-Ring is enabled by default, and the switch is Plug and Play for N-Ring except that initially one must
enable an N-Ring enabled device to be the N-Ring Manager for a given N-Ring. Subsequently, N-Ring
operates dynamically upon each power up. Using N-Tron's proprietary N-Ring technology offers expanded
ring size capacity, detailed fault diagnostics, and a standard healing time of 30ms. The N-Ring Manager
periodically checks the health of the N-Ring via health check packets. If the N-Ring Manager stops
receiving the health check packets, it times out and converts the N-Ring to a backbone within 30ms. When
using all N-Ring enabled switches in the ring, a detailed ring map and fault location chart is also provided
on the N-Ring Manager’s web browser. N-Ring status is also sent from the N-Ring Manager to the N-View
OPC Server to identify the health status of the ring. Up to 250 N-Ring enabled switches can participate in
one N-Ring topology. Switches that do not have N-Ring capability may be used in an N-Ring, however the
ring map and fault location chart cannot be as detailed at these locations.
N-Link
The purpose of N-Link is to provide a way to redundantly couple an N-Ring topology to one or more other
topologies, usually other N-Ring topologies. Each N-Link configuration requires 4 switches: N-Link
Master, N-Link Slave, N-Link Primary Coupler, and N-Link Standby Coupler. N-Link will monitor the link
status of the Primary and Standby Coupler links. While the Primary Coupler link is healthy, it will forward
network traffic and the Standby Coupler link will block network traffic. When a problem is detected on the
Primary Coupler link, the Primary Coupler link will block network traffic and the Standby Coupler link will
forward network traffic. While the N-Link Master and Slave are in communication via the Control link,
only one Coupler link (Primary or Standby) will forward network traffic while the other Coupler link will
block network traffic.
CIP
The CIP (Common Industrial Protocol) feature allows N-Tron switches to directly provide switch
information and configuration access to Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Human Machine
Interface (HMI) applications via a standardized communication protocol. For example, a PLC may be
programmed to monitor port links or N-Ring status and cause a status indicator to turn red on an HMI if a
port goes link down or if N-Ring has a fault. CIP is formally described in ODVA Publication Number
PUB00001 (Volume 1: Common Industrial Protocol (CIP™)), and Publication Number: PUB00002
(Volume 2: EtherNet/IP Adaptation of CIP). N-Tron provides EDS and ICO files. N-TRON_CIP_Tags.pdf
is for a particular environment, but reveals the tags available.
DHCP
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) provides configuration parameters to Internet hosts.
DHCP is built on a client-server model, where designated DHCP server hosts allocate network addresses
and deliver configuration parameters to dynamically configured hosts. DHCP is controlled by RFC 2131.
The N-Tron DHCP Switch can be configured to be a DHCP Client. Alternately the N-Tron DHCP switch
can be configured to be a DHCP Server, a DHCP Relay Agent, or both.
For more detailed information on N-Tron DHCP features, reference: http://www.n-tron.com/tech_docs.php.
Under ‘White papers’, see: “Using DHCP to Minimize Equipment Setup Time”. Under ‘Installation Guides
and User Manuals’ see “DHCP Technical Instructions for 708 / 716/ 7018 / 7506 Series”.
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DHCP Client
The switch will automatically obtain an IP assignment from a DHCP Server, or optionally Fallback to a
configured IP assignment if unable to get an IP assignment from a DHCP server. Communication between
the client and server can optionally go through a DHCP Relay Agent.
DHCP Relay Agent
DHCP Relay Agent (Option 82) allows communication between the client and server to cross subnet and
VLAN boundaries. It also allows for a device on a specific port to receive a specific IP address and if the
device is replaced, the replacement receives the same IP address as the original device.
DHCP Server
DHCP Server allows DHCP Client devices to automatically obtain an IP assignment. IP assignments can be
set up as a dynamic range of IP addresses available to any client device; or specific IP addresses based on
the clients MAC address, Client ID (Option 61), or Relay Agent connection (Option 82).
LLDP
Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is a Layer 2 discovery protocol allowing devices attached to an
IEEE802 LAN to advertise their major capabilities to other devices and to store information they discover in
a MIB that can be accessed through SNMP. LLDP is formally described in IEEE Standard - 802.1AB.
Port Security—MAC Address Based
The Port Security feature restricts access to the switch by only accepting dynamically learned MAC
addresses and manually entered MAC addresses as authorized. Dynamically learned MAC addresses are
those that the switch detects on any port while in ‘Learning’ mode. A manually entered MAC address must
designate the ports that the address is authorized on. A non-authorized MAC address will be discarded and
will be shown on the intruder log. Locking can be selected or not port by port.
XML Settings Download
XML settings can be downloaded to a switch to achieve some switch configurations. XML settings cover a
subset of the settings available through the web browser. Reference Appendix A. XML Settings File Example
for the complete set of configurations that can be done using XML Settings Download. There are several top
level configuration sections and each of these sections is optional. Some sections have a ‘keep or delete’
choice such that one can load only those in the XML file deleting the pre-existing of those particular settings
or one can add the settings in the XML file to the already existing settings. The example also shows field
character limits, and provides other guidance.
Rate Limiting
Some systems generate a large amount of broadcast or multicast traffic occasionally. When it happens, the
entire network may experience failures that persist until there is manual intervention. One way to address
this problem is to control the broadcast or multicast traffic to remain below a user configured maximum
limit. The most effective limit may be best obtained in test. Thus the user is provided with the capability to
‘tune’ the limit by switch port. These are ingress filters. The percentage values are repeatable to the purpose
and rise or fall as compared to each other, but are not meant to be as exact as in a piece of calibrated test
equipment.
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TROUBLESHOOTING
1. Make sure the (Power LED) is ON.
2. Make sure you are supplying sufficient current for the version chosen. Note: The Inrush
current will exceed the steady state current by ~ 2X.
3. Verify that Link LED’s are ON for connected ports.
4. Verify cabling used between stations.
5. Verify that cabling is Category 5E or greater for 100Mbit Operation.
FCC STATEMENT
This product complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules for a Class A device.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operation.
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Web Software Configuration
Web Management
Enter the switch’s IP address in any web browser and login to the web management feature of the 7900
Series.
Default:
User Name: admin
Password: admin
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Web Management - Home
When the administrator first logs onto a 7900 Series switch the default home page will be displayed. On the
left hand side of the screen there is a list of configurable settings that the 7900 Series switch will support.
This section of the manual will go through each and every choice listed on the left hand side of the screen
and explain how to configure those settings. In the center of the main home page the administrator can see
some basic information like what firmware revision the switch is running. The firmware can be upgraded at
a later time in the field using TFTP.
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Web Management – Menu Structure
To the left, there is a menu which is shown fully opened below. The pages opened by each of the individual
selections are described in the rest of this section. The use of each of these pages is also described in this
section. In most of the descriptions, only the right side of the page is shown.
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Administration – System
The System tab under the Administration category, lists various information about the switch:
When the IP Configuration is in either DHCP or Static Mode:
IP Configuration
Method used to obtain an IP Address, Subnet Mask and Gateway Address
IP Address
Contains the current IP Address of the device.
Subnet Mask
Contains the current Subnet Mask of the device.
Gateway
Contains the current Default Gateway of the device.
MAC Address
MAC Address of the device.
System Up Time
This parameter represents the total time count. This time has elapsed since the switch was turned ON or RESET.
Name
It shows the name of the product, which allows alphanumeric and special characters (#, _, -) only.
Contact
The person to contact for system issues, which should be someone within your organization.
Location
The physical location of the switch.
Temperature:
The calculated ambient temperature near the switch. This calculation is only valid after a warm-up period. This reading
is not meant to be as exact as a calibrated temperature probe, especially if there is moving air around the switch.
Upper Threshold:
The highest temperature for the switch without causing a fault to occur. The threshold is specified as an integer in
C degrees. The range is from -60°C to 100°C, and the default is product dependent.
Lower Threshold:
The lowest temperature for the switch without causing a fault to occur. The threshold is specified as an integer in
C degrees. The range is from -60°C to 100°C, and the default is product dependent.
(Revised 2012-06-30) page 29 of 165
Administration – System, Continued…
When the IP Configuration is in DHCP Mode the following information is added:
Client ID
Option used by DHCP clients to specify their unique identifier. The identifier may be the MAC address,
switch name, or entered as a text string or hex characters.
Fallback IP Address
Contains the configured Fallback IP Address of the device.
Fallback Subnet Mask
Contains the configured Fallback Subnet Mask of the device.
Fallback Gateway
Contains the configured Fallback Gateway of the device.
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