OES 2: NetWare Traditional File System Administration Guide
Novell
Open Enterprise Server
novdocx (en) 6 April 2007
2
September 2007
www.novell.com
NETWARE® TRADITIONAL FILE
SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION GUIDE
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Contents
About This Guide 9
1 Overview of the NetWare Traditional File System 11
1.1 NetWare Traditional Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.1.1 What Happens When You Mount a Traditional Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.1.2 Traditional Volume Objects in eDirectory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.2 Traditional Volume Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.3 What’s Next . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2 Using NetWare Traditional Volumes in a Virtual Guest Server Environment 15
3 Configuring and Managing NetWare Traditional Volumes 17
3.1 Using Novell Remote Manager for NetWare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2 Managing NetWare Partitions for Traditional Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.3 Creating a NetWare Partition for Traditional Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.4 Expanding the Size of a NetWare Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.5 Unmirroring a Mirrored NetWare Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.6 Deleting a NetWare Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.7 Creating and Mounting a Traditional Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.8 Mounting a Traditional Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.9 Dismounting a Traditional Volume. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.10 Expanding the Size of a Traditional Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.11 Setting the Space Quota for a Traditional Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.12 Salvaging and Purging Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.13 Loading and Installing Name Spaces on a Traditional Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.14 Storing Non-DOS Files on a Traditional Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.14.1 Calculating Memory Required for Name Space Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.14.2 Adding a Name Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.14.3 Removing Name Spaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.15 Creating an eDirectory Object for a Traditional Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.16 Naming or Renaming a Traditional NetWare Partition or Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.17 Deleting a Traditional Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.18 Repairing a Traditional Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.18.1 Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.18.2 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.19 Protecting Data: Disk Mirroring and Duplexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.20 Using Directory Map Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.21 Upgrading Media Format from Traditional Volumes to NSS Volumes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
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4 Configuring Advanced Features for Traditional Volumes 29
4.1 Compressing and Decompressing Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.1.1 Planning for File Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.1.2 Setting Server-Level File Compression Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.1.3 Enabling File Compression for a Traditional Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.1.4 Disabling File Compression for a Traditional Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Contents 5
4.1.5 Suspending File Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.2 Salvaging and Purging Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.2.1 Configuring Salvage for All NSS Volumes on the Server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.2.2 Salvaging Deleted Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.2.3 Purging Deleted Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5 Using Software RAID1 Devices for Data Fault Tolerance 35
5.1 Planning Your Software RAID1 Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.1.1 Fault Tolerance for Traditional Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.1.2 Key Concepts for Mirroring Traditional NetWare Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.1.3 Improving Fault Tolerance for Software RAID1 Devices with Duplexing . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.1.4 Example Software RAID1 Solution for Fault Tolerance of Traditional Volumes. . . . . 37
5.2 Managing Traditional Software RAID1 Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.2.1 Mirroring Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.2.2 Unmirroring Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.2.3 Recovering Data from an Out of Sync Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
6 Using Software RAID0 Devices to Enhance Disk I/O Performance 41
6.1 Planning Your Software RAID0 Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
6.2 Managing Traditional Software RAID0 Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
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7 Optimizing Disk and Cache Performance for Traditional Volumes 43
7.1 Optimizing Storage Disk Capacity for Traditional Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
7.1.1 Saving Disk Space with Block Suballocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
7.1.2 Disable Read-After-Write-Verify. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
7.1.3 For 16-Bit Disk Adapters, Increase the Number of Reserved Buffers Below 16 MB . 44
7.1.4 Use Drivers that Support Scatter/Gather Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
7.1.5 Provide a Disk Large Enough for a Memory Core Dump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
7.1.6 Select Segments for Volumes from Different Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
7.1.7 Monitor Free Space in Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
7.2 Improving Disk Reads on Traditional Volumes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
7.2.1 Change Concurrent Disk and Directory Writes for Faster Reads for Traditional
Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
7.2.2 Change the Turbo FAT Wait Time for Faster Reads of Traditional Volumes. . . . . . . 46
7.3 Improving Disk Writes for Traditional Volumes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
7.3.1 Increase the Number of Concurrent Writes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
7.3.2 Change Disk and Directory Caching for Faster Writes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
7.3.3 Turn Off Read-After-Write Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
7.4 Configuring SET Parameters for the NetWare Traditional File System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
7.5 Configuring Common File System SET Parameters for NetWare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
8 Troubleshooting 51
8.1 Resolving File I/O Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
8.2 Resolving Volume I/O Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
8.3 Resolving Problems When the Server Hangs after Mounting the Last Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
8.4 Resolving Problems When No Volumes Mount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
8.5 Resolving Problems When Only Some Volumes Mount. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
8.6 Resolving Disk Error Problems When a Volume is Mounting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
8.7 Resolving Memory Errors When a Volume Is Mounting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
8.8 Resolving Volume Mounting Problems Caused by Corrupted Directory Entry Tables or File
Allocation Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
6 OES 2: NetWare Traditional File System Administration Guide
8.9 Resolving Volume Mounting Problems Caused by the Name Space Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
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Contents 7
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8 OES 2: NetWare Traditional File System Administration Guide
About This Guide
This guide discusses how to configure and manage the NetWare® Traditional File System for
®
Novell
following sections:
Open Enterprise Server 2 NetWare and NetWare 6.5 SP7. The guide is divided into the
Chapter 1, “Overview of the NetWare Traditional File System,” on page 11
Chapter 2, “Using NetWare Traditional Volumes in a Virtual Guest Server Environment,” on
page 15
Chapter 3, “Configuring and Managing NetWare Traditional Volumes,” on page 17
Chapter 4, “Configuring Advanced Features for Traditional Volumes,” on page 29
Chapter 5, “Using Software RAID1 Devices for Data Fault Tolerance,” on page 35
Chapter 6, “Using Software RAID0 Devices to Enhance Disk I/O Performance,” on page 41
Chapter 7, “Optimizing Disk and Cache Performance for Traditional Volumes,” on page 43
Chapter 8, “Troubleshooting,” on page 51
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Audience
This guide is intended for system administrators of a NetWare server that uses NetWare Traditional
file systems.
Feedback
We want to hear your comments and suggestions about this manual and the other documentation
included with this product. Please use the User Comment feature at the bottom of each page of the
online documentation, or go to www.novell.com/documentation/feedback.html and enter your
comments there.
Documentation Updates
For the most recent version of the NetWare Traditional File System Administration Guide for OES,
see the OES Documentation Web Site (http://www.novell.com/documentation/oes2/index.html).
Additional Documentation
For more information, see the following:
OES 2: NetWare Server Disks and Storage Devices
OES 2: File Systems Management Guide
OES 2: NSS File System Administration Guide
OES 2: Novell Remote Manager for NetWare Administration Guide
Documentation Conventions
In Novell documentation, a greater-than symbol (>) is used to separate actions within a step and
items in a cross-reference path.
About This Guide
9
A trademark symbol (®, TM, etc.) denotes a Novell trademark. An asterisk (*) denotes a third-party
trademark.
When a single pathname can be written with a backslash for some platforms or a forward slash for
other platforms, the pathname is presented with a backslash. Users of platforms that require a
forward slash, such as Linux* or UNIX*, should use forward slashes as required by your software.
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10 OES 2: NetWare Traditional File System Administration Guide
1
Overview of the NetWare
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Traditional File System
The NetWare® Traditional File System provides legacy storage and file system management for
®
Novell
The Novell Storage ServicesTM File System (NSS) provides the primary system for storage and file
management for NetWare. The NetWare operating system and its extensions are installed on an NSS
pool and volume, named sys. For information, see “Comparison of NSS on NetWare and the
NetWare Traditional File System” in the OES 2: NSS File System Administration Guide.
IMPORTANT: You can optionally use the Traditional volumes on the same server with your NSS
volumes. However, if you are planning to implement Apple* File Protocol (AFP), Network File
System (NFS), or Common Internet File System (CIFS) for this server, you must use the NSS file
system, not the Traditional file system for your system volume and for any data volumes that use
these protocols. For information, see OES 2: Native File Access Protocols Guide.
To upgrade your Traditional volumes to NSS volumes, see “Upgrading Legacy NSS and NetWare
Traditional Volumes” in the OES 2: NSS File System Administration Guide.
This section discusses the following key concepts:
Open Enterprise Server NetWare.
Section 1.1, “NetWare Traditional Volumes,” on page 11
1
Section 1.2, “Traditional Volume Segments,” on page 12
Section 1.3, “What’s Next,” on page 13
1.1 NetWare Traditional Volumes
Traditional volumes consist of a fixed amount of physical space on one or more server disks. A
NetWare server supports up to 255 volumes of any combination of Traditional and NSS volumes,
plus the system volume.
During installation of OES NetWare, your system volume is automatically created as an NSS
volume. After installation, you can use Novell Remote Manager for NetWare to create a new
Traditional volume on any disk that has a NetWare partition. For information, see the OES 2: Novell
Remote Manager for NetWare Administration Guide.
You subdivide Traditional volumes in two ways:
Physically: Traditional volumes consist of physical partitions called volume segments. If a
Traditional volume contains multiple volume segments, its member segments can reside on
multiple server disks. For information about volume segments, see Section 1.2, “Traditional
Volume Segments,” on page 12.
Logically: You divide volumes into directories. In turn, the directories contain files and
subdirectories created by network supervisors and users who have the appropriate rights. For
information about directories and subdirectories, see “Understanding NetWare Directory
Structures” the OES 2: File Systems Management Guide.
Overview of the NetWare Traditional File System
11
1.1.1 What Happens When You Mount a Traditional Volume
When you boot a NetWare server, each Traditional volume is mounted, meaning the following:
The volume becomes visible to the operating system.
The volume’s File Allocation Table (FAT) is loaded into memory.
A single block of data in the file takes up one entry in the FAT. Because of this, volumes with a
smaller block size require more server memory to mount and manage, and it takes longer to
mount the volume. However, if most of your files are small, a large block size wastes disk
space.
The volume’s directory entry table (DET) is loaded into the server memory.
As the Traditional volume is mounted, the FAT and DET fill cache buffers in the server memory.
The more files and directories in the volume, the longer it takes to mount. If a Traditional volume
fails to mount, it might be because you have run out of server memory.
1.1.2 Traditional Volume Objects in eDirectory
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In Novell eDirectoryTM, each Traditional volume is represented by a Volume object. Volume objects
are leaf objects that represent a physical volume or logical volume on the network.
The Volume object’s properties contains the following information:
The NetWare server the physical volume resides on
The volume name recorded when the volume was initialized on the server (for example, sys:)
The volume’s owner
Space use restrictions for users
A description of the volume’s use
Statistical information on disk space availability, block size, directory entries, name space
support, and so on.
1.2 Traditional Volume Segments
A Traditional volume can use space from up to 32 logical or physical devices. The volume can grow
up to 1 TB in total size for all segments combined. Each segment of space is taken from a NetWare
partition. The segments of space are automatically carved by the management tools when you create
the volume.
The advantage of distributing a volume’s segments across multiple server disks is that different parts
of the same volume can be read from or written to concurrently, which speeds up disk I/O.
Because of hardware restrictions, a hard drive can contain up to four NetWare partitions, or three
NetWare partitions and one DOS partition. (The hard drive that contains the sys: volume also
contains a DOS partition.)
Each NetWare partition can contain up to eight Traditional volume segments. Thus, a single server
disk can contain up to 32 volume segments (4 NetWare partitions with 8 segments each). A single
NetWare partition can contain up to eight Traditional NetWare volumes, each with a single volume
segment.
12 OES 2: NetWare Traditional File System Administration Guide
A single disk can contain volume segments from multiple volumes. If a single disk fails, each
volume segment on it fails, causing all of the volumes that have volume segments on that server disk
to fail. To achieve fault tolerance, you should protect the volumes against disk failure by setting up a
software RAID 1 (mirroring) device for the partitions. See “Using Software RAID1 Devices for
Data Fault Tolerance” on page 35.
You can add volume segments to a Traditional volume if free space is available, but you cannot
remove them. Removing a segment from a volume destroys the entire volume.
You can increase the size of a Traditional volume by adding another server disk to the NetWare
server, setting up a NetWare partition on the disk, then adding one or more segments in the partition
to the existing volume.
1.3 What’s Next
Use the table below to determine where next to go in this document.
Tas k Re ference
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Configure and manage Traditional NetWare
partitions and volumes
Optimize storage performance Chapter 4, “Configuring Advanced Features for
Create a software RAID device Chapter 5, “Using Software RAID1 Devices for
Troubleshoot problems Chapter 8, “Troubleshooting,” on page 51
Plan your directory structure “Planning Directory Structures for NetWare” in the
Create and manage directories and files, including
purging and salvaging (undeleting) deleted files
Configure file system trustees, trustee rights,
inherited rights filters, and attributes for directories
and files
Chapter 3, “Configuring and Managing NetWare
Traditional Volumes,” on page 17
Traditional Volumes,” on page 29
Data Fault Tolerance,” on page 35
Chapter 6, “Using Software RAID0 Devices to
Enhance Disk I/O Performance,” on page 41
OES 2: File Systems Management Guide.
“Configuring Directories for NetWare and NSS on
Linux” in the OES 2: File Systems Management
Guide.
“Configuring File System Trustees, Trustee Rights,
Inherited Rights Filters, and Attributes” in the OES
2: File Systems Management Guide.
Overview of the NetWare Traditional File System 13
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14 OES 2: NetWare Traditional File System Administration Guide
2
Using NetWare Traditional
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Volumes in a Virtual Guest Server
Environment
NetWare® Traditional volumes can be used on NetWare guest servers in a virtualized environment
just as they are on physical NetWare servers. Novell
managing virtual devices for the virtual machine, which parallels the NSS role for storage
management on physical servers. For information, see “Using NSS in a Virtual Guest Server
Environment” in the OES 2: NSS File System Administration Guide.
For information about using Xen* virtual environments on an OES 2 Linux virtual host server, see
“Introduction to Xen Virtualization” in the Virtualization: Getting Started guide.
For information on setting up a NetWare virtualized guest server on the host server, see “Setting Up
Virtual Machines” in the Virtualization: Getting Started guide and “NetWare Virtual Machines” in
the Virtualization: Guest Operating System Guide.
®
Storage ServicesTM (NSS) is responsible for
2
Using NetWare Traditional Volumes in a Virtual Guest Server Environment
15
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16 OES 2: NetWare Traditional File System Administration Guide
3
Configuring and Managing
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NetWare Traditional Volumes
You manage the NetWare® Traditional File System volumes with Novell® Remote Manager for
NetWare. For information about this management tool, see OES 2: Novell Remote Manager for
NetWare Administration Guide.
This section discusses the following file and directory management tasks:
Section 3.1, “Using Novell Remote Manager for NetWare,” on page 17
Section 3.2, “Managing NetWare Partitions for Traditional Volumes,” on page 18
Section 3.3, “Creating a NetWare Partition for Traditional Volumes,” on page 19
Section 3.4, “Expanding the Size of a NetWare Partition,” on page 19
Section 3.5, “Unmirroring a Mirrored NetWare Partition,” on page 19
Section 3.6, “Deleting a NetWare Partition,” on page 20
Section 3.7, “Creating and Mounting a Traditional Volume,” on page 20
Section 3.8, “Mounting a Traditional Volume,” on page 21
Section 3.9, “Dismounting a Traditional Volume,” on page 21
Section 3.10, “Expanding the Size of a Traditional Volume,” on page 21
Section 3.11, “Setting the Space Quota for a Traditional Volume,” on page 22
3
Section 3.12, “Salvaging and Purging Files,” on page 22
Section 3.13, “Loading and Installing Name Spaces on a Traditional Volume,” on page 22
Section 3.14, “Storing Non-DOS Files on a Traditional Volume,” on page 22
Section 3.15, “Creating an eDirectory Object for a Traditional Volume,” on page 24
Section 3.16, “Naming or Renaming a Traditional NetWare Partition or Volume,” on page 24
Section 3.17, “Deleting a Traditional Volume,” on page 24
Section 3.18, “Repairing a Traditional Volume,” on page 24
Section 3.19, “Protecting Data: Disk Mirroring and Duplexing,” on page 26
Section 3.20, “Using Directory Map Objects,” on page 26
Section 3.21, “Upgrading Media Format from Traditional Volumes to NSS Volumes,” on
page 27
3.1 Using Novell Remote Manager for NetWare
To access Novell Remote Manager for NetWare:
1 Open a Web browser, then go to the following URL to open the login page.
https://server-ip-address:8009
Replace server-ip-address with the IP address (such as 192.168.1.1) or DNS name (such as
servername.example.com) of the server you want to manage.
Configuring and Managing NetWare Traditional Volumes
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