The light in the standby key should come on. In "Standby" mode
the pump of the ILCA module is off.
AC mains
supply
operation:
Battery
operation:
Vamos is in standby mode or in measuring mode and is powered
from the desktop power pack. The power-on indicator light should
turn green.
Vamos is in standby mode or in measuring mode and is powered
from the internal rechargeable battery (optional). The power-on
indicator light should turn yellow.
Charging mode: The optional internal rechargeable battery is charged from the
desktop power pack.
No operation:None of the above operating modes is active.
2Operating concept
The central control element is the control knob on the front plate. The control knob
has two functions:
− Rotate = select/set
− Press = confirm
The two buttons on the front plate have the following functions:
− Button to silence the alarm for 2 minutes.
− Standby key.
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2.1Power-up behavior
1.All LEDs are actuated.
2.Bleeps and screen test
3.LEDs are actuated one after the other. LED sequence: Standby, silence, advisory,
alarm, standby.......
4.Standby screen
2.2Alarms
Vamos classifies alarm signals into three priorities, identified by up to three different
exclamation marks. Alarm messages with a higher priority supersede those with a
lower priority.
Alarm priorityAlarm toneLED
Alarm = !!! (highest priority)intermittentThe red (top) LED
(bottom) LED
flashes
accompanied by a
tone sequence at
30-second
intervals.
Advisory = ! (lowest priority)onceThe yellow
(bottom) LED
comes on
accompanied by a
single tone.
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2.3Menu structure
--->
Alarm
Agent
CO2
SpO2
Sound
Language
CO2--->
UnitmmHg
kPa
Range
0-110
0-75
Vol%
Alarm--->
FiCO2
EtCO2
FiHal
50.0
1.5
5.0
---
SpO2
Pulse
---
92
12050
--->
Hal
Enf
Iso
Sev
Des
Agent
Sound--->
Pulse0
Alarm1
Language
--->
en
de
SpO2--->
Slow
Fast
Normal
Mode
fr
es
nl
sv
it
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Param.
Cal
Config.
Parameter
Gases
SpO2
Fig. 1: Vamos menu structure
--->
on
off
on
off
Config.
Brightn.
Medibus
(Baud)
1200
9600
19200
high
low
--->
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2.4Simplified Vamos block diagram
ON/OFF
Desktop
power
pack
RS 232
Medibus
RS 232
PC
SpO2
Sensor
Gas outlet
Rear
PCB
SpO2
RS 232
1.5 KV
RS 232
1.5 KV
RS 232
RS 232
ILCA
12 V battery (option)
Horn
VAM OS PCB
15 VDC
Charge
PCB
Front
Indicator
lamps (LEDs)
Control Knob
Keys
Screen
BUS
Water trap
Fan
Fig. 2: Vamos block diagram
The ILCA patient gas module has no automatic anesthetic detector. The anesthetic
being used must be specified by the user. Only one anesthetic may be used at any
one time. The ILCA patient gas module conforms to the accuracy specified in the ISO
standard.
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3ILCA patient gas module
unit
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ON/OFF switch
(4 kV separation)
Ext. power supply
Only the components
SpO2 sensor
RS232 - PC
RS232 - Medibus
Screen
Control Knob
Keypad with status LEDs
SpO2 PCB
1,5 KV separation SpO2
Water trap
Sampling gas scavenging line
Valve
Pump
filter
Particle
ILCA sensor head
module.
belong to the ILCA
inside the dashed line
(optional)
Battery with
charging circuit
VAMOS PCB
AMO O2 GRAF PCB
ILCA
AMO FLOW ILCA PCB
AMO ILCA PCB
Fan
(monitored)
POWER
RS232
1,5 KV separation
MOPS PCB
Fig. 3: ILCA patient gas module components in Vamos
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3.1Patient gas module structure
The ILCA patient gas module comprises the following components:
− AMO O2 GRAF PCB (with MFM software, MFM = Multi Function Module)
− PCB mounting frame
Sensor head
Val ve
MOPS PCB
Mounting frame
AMO FLOW ILCA PCB
AMO O2 GRAF PCB
Pump
AMO ILCA PCB
Fig. 4:
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14
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3.2Sensor head function
Light emitter
éù_éù_
22 Hz
Patient
gas
ILCA
Sensor
head
Cuvette
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NTC
(FET)
Heater
Pressure
sensor
BASE PCB
EEPROM
Control signals
4-channel
VV PCB
(Pre-amplifier)
8-channel multiplexer
Track & Hold
8-channel A/D converter
detector
1st pre-
amplifier
2nd preamplifier
Data
Light emitter
control
(AMO ILCA
PCB)
Pressure
Temperature
measurement
and control
MOPS PCB
AMO ILCA PCB
Data
Control signals
Fig. 5: Sensor head block diagram
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The hardware of the ILCA sensor head comprises the following three PCBs:
VV PCB:− 1st amplifier for all channels of the four-channel detector
including high/low pass combinations and EMC configurations.
BASE PCB:− 2nd amplifier for all channels of the four-channel detectorLight
emitter actuation, temperature control, absolute pressure
measurement, AD converter, multiplexer, serial EEPROM.
AMO ILCA
PCB
− Generation of the supply voltages
− Digitally adjustable voltage for the light emitter via the
MOPS PCB.
− Heating voltage
− Supply to ILCA
Fig. 6:
− and setpoint setting for the sensor head heating (digital
potentiometer).
− Data transport: ILCA sensor ↔ MOPS PCB for data evaluation
3
2
1
5
4
Sensor head, sectional view
6
7
108
9
Key to sensor head sectional view
1Light emitter (infrared range)6, 7PCBs
2Reflector8Cuvette heating (FET)
3 CaF
disc of light emitter9Pressure sensor
2
4 Cuvette10Cuvette inlet and outlet
5Multispectrum detector
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3.2.1Light emitter with reflector
The reflector is ellipsoid in shape. The light emitter is positioned at the vertex of the
ellipsoid. As a result, a beam is directed at an angle of incidence of < 12° onto the
opposite detector.
The emitting element of the light emitter is a filament made of resistor wire. The alloy
comprises Cr, Ni, Al. The filament wire is 40 µm thick.
In the assembled sensor, the reflector with built-in light emitter is encapsulated away
from the interior of the sensor head by a CaF
disc. This design prevents sampling
2
gas from reaching the hot light emitter, and igniting oxygen and the anesthetic, in the
event of a leak in the cuvette. Furthermore, any gaseous substances emitted by the
hot light emitter are kept away from the cuvette. This avoid an undesired coating on
the optical components as a result of prolonged use.
Peak output = 290 mA * 290 mA * 13.78 ohms = 1.16 W
3.2.3Light emitter control circuit
The light emitter is operated with a square-wave modulated constant current of
290 mA at 22.0 Hz.
This light emitter current is measured with an AD converter (shunt resistor
0.5 ohms ± 2%) and monitored by the software of the MOPS PCB.
The supply voltage of the light emitter control circuit is also monitored by AD converter
and voltage divider. The setpoint is set via a digital serial potentiometer controlled by
the MOPS PCB.
The supply voltage is measured when the light emitter is off (low phase of light emitter
modulation).
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3.2.4Light emitter protection circuits
When the connection between the MOPS PCB and the BASE PCB is interrupted, a
protection circuit immediately shuts down the light emitter.
A protection circuit also prevents the average light emitter current from exceeding
81 mA (tolerance = 3%) in the event of a fault (e.g. software crash). The response
time (t
A) of the protection circuit is 65 ms ± 15 ms. This condition applies when the
light emitter was previously off and is then switched to continuous current.
3.2.5Cuvette
Notice:
Do not generate an excess pressure in the cuvette.
The sampling gas is routed through a cuvette in the sensor head. In the optical beam
path it is sealed on each side by a bonded-in CaF2 glass window pane. The gas inlet
and outlet form the two connectors. The direction of flow of the sampling gas is
indicated by arrows on the housing adjacent to the connectors.
For absorption reasons the distance between the light emitter window and the
detector window is 6 mm.
3.2.6Multispectrum detector
In the multispectrum detector the optical beam path is distributed across the four
measuring channels and routed to the relevant detector chip by infrared narrow-band
filters.
The optical beam enters the multispectrum detector through a hermetically sealed
window. On the floor of its housing is a matrix-style array of four-sided reflective
pyramids with a side length of 0.15 mm x 0.15 mm (beam splitters). The optical beam
entering through the window hits this beam splitter and is split by each individual
pyramid in pixel style into four separate beams. The pixel-style design results in a
genuine beam mix, which is insensitive to partial contamination in the beam path. The
housing also contains four infrared optical narrow-band filters and four pyroelectric
detector chips. These components are arranged such that one infrared filter detector
combination is illuminated by each of the four beam paths emitted from the beam
splitter. Each of the four beam paths represents a measuring channel. The basic
design of the multispectrum detector is shown in the following diagram:
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Sensor window
Light beams
Infrared filter
CO
2
O
N
2
Anesth. gas
Ref.
Sensor chip
Beam splitter
Fig. 7: Basic design of the multispectrum detector
The infrared optical filters (band-pass filters) are dimensioned in terms of their
wavelength such that light is transmitted in three channels at the wavelength of the
sampled gases. The remaining spectrum is blocked by these three filters. When a gas
is present light is absorbed and the resultant change of intensity measured in the
respective channel is a measure of the concentration of the gas.
The fourth channel (reference channel) measures at a wavelength at which none of
the sampled gases absorbs. With the reference signal, ambient influences such as
temperature fluctuations, cuvette contamination, and light emitter aging are
compensated and corrected.
The detector elements and the upstream filters are tilted 30°. As a result, the reflected
beam strikes perpendicular to the filter plane and the detector plane.
3.2.7Pressure sensor
The ILCA sensor head delivers its measured values as partial pressures or as the
non-pressure-dependent unit vol.%. Fluctuations in cuvette pressure have no effect
on the measured values. An absolute pressure sensor measures the pressure in the
cuvette and, where appropriate, the ambient pressure (e.g. during zeroing).
The pressure measurement is fast enough to represent fluctuations in respiratory
pressure (T
better than 200 ms).
90
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Measuring range:
The sensor head is able to measure at ambient pressures between 670 mbar and
1100 mbar. For the measuring range of the pressure sensor it should be considered
that the pressure in the cuvette may be as much as 200 mbar below ambient
pressure (vacuum in the suction system).
3.2.8Sensor heating (FET)
An insulated power FET which is screwed onto the cuvette is used for temperature
stabilization of the cuvette (setpoint temperature 58 °C). The drain source resistor of
the FET is controlled via a control voltage and is used as sensor heating. The current
that flows through the FET determines the heating output with the voltage drop across
the FET.
The setpoint of the temperature is specified by the MOPS software. The microcontroller on the MOPS PCB control a digital potentiometer located on the AMO ILCA
PCB power module. Its output voltage is routed to the FET via an impedance
converter. The temperature is monitored by an NTC.
3.2.9Memory for calibration data
All calibration data, serial numbers, and settings required to operate the sensor head
are stored in an EEPROM on the Base PCB in the sensor head.
3.3Sensor head operation
The sensor head attains its full accuracy when it has reached its operating
temperature and a stable temperature distribution. The time from power-on until
ready-to-measure is determined by the duration of the warm-up phase. The warm-up
phase is dependent on the temperature distribution when the sensor is powered up.
The sensor software optimizes the starting behavior. In the worst case the sensor
head attains its specified accuracy no later than 4 minutes after power-on.
3.3.1Self test
The sensor head software performs a self-test when the system starts up and
continuously during measurement operation. In the event of an error the sensor
software generates the relevant status message and shuts down the system if
necessary.
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3.3.2Zeroing
The measurement signals of the sensor head may drift over a lengthy period in
operation (due to aging, temperature fluctuations, etc.). Contamination of the cuvette
can also impair signal intensity. Consequently, a reset to zero is performed on
completion of the warm-up phase and then every 2 hours. Ambient air (as reference
gas) is present in the cuvette during zeroing.
During operation, system states may occur (such as sudden contamination of the
cuvette) which necessitate an additional zeroing. The sensor software detects such
states automatically.
3.4Measured value units
The measured values of the ILCA sensor head are produced from the measured
values in the cuvette. There is no conversion to the conditions at other points in the
system, such as in the Y-piece or the patient’s lung.
3.4.1General remarks on the concentration figures
The concentration of the anesthetics is calculated by referencing the measured partial
pressures of the gas components to the overall pressure in the cuvette.
The concentrations can be scaled in two different ways. As a physical unit, the
standard representation is in percent by volume [vol.%], i.e. referred to 100%.
Conversely, for some gases medical experts apply a reference to 760 Torr. This figure
in a pressure unit is not a pressure, however, but a concentration, and must not be
confused with a partial pressure!
The concentrations are converted from vol.% to Torr as follows:
It is essential that this conversion of the concentrations should be distinguished from
conversion of the pressures!
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3.5Pneumatic system
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Sampling gas
Te fl on
tube
Valve
Ambient air
R2
135 mL
15 mL
ILCA
Sintered filter
C1 damper
(buffer volume)
MOPS PCB
R1
P
P
Diaphragm pump
AMO FLOW ILCA PCB
Fig. 8: ILCA pneumatics diagram
The pneumatic system of the ILCA module comprises the following components:
− A DC diaphragm pump
− A valve
− An "AMO FLOW ILCA PCB"
Ambient air
− A pneumatic low-pass filter, at least one filter, and the associated anesthetic-
resistant tubing
− A water trap and a Teflon hose
3.6Tubing
The pressure surges generated by the pump are minimized by a pneumatic low-pass
filter consisting of a restrictor (R1) and a damper (C1). These components are
mounted in the module housing of ILCA.
Dimensioning of R1:
R1 is small enough for the pump not to be placed under unnecessary strain. However,
an inadequate input load may make it impossible to set the target flow of 150 mL/min.
R1 is large enough so that the pressure surges occurring in the cuvette do not impair
the signal ratio and noise ratio in gas sampling.
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Dimensioning of R2:
In a zeroing operation, the valve switchover is also tested based on the pressure
drop. In this case the pressure drop via the restrictor R2 and the ambient air filter is
significantly less than the minimum pressure drop via the water trap and the suction
tubing to the patient.
3.7Pump
The pump flow is 150 mL/min ± 20 mL/min. The supply voltage is in the range from
2.5 V to 7.5 V DC at a current of up to 150 mA.
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3.8MOPS PCB
Components (ILCA, AMO FLOW ILCA PCB, etc.)
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ports
Component
ASIC
I/O
CS
TPU
EEPROM
68332
Motorola
Distribution across ports
switch
Data
Addr.
SCI
Electrical
RAM
isolation
A/D
RS232
Voltages
5 V, 6.4 V, 15 V
PCB voltages
15 VDC (ILCA)
Module voltages
Flash EPROM
Supply
voltage
MOPS PCB
VAM OS PCB
Fig. 9: Block diagram, MOPS PCB
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“"MOPS" stands for "Modular Platform for Sensors". A modular concept by which
suitable sensor components (pneumatic and mechanical components) can be
operated together by way of a processor board. The resultant arrangements are
operated by a software program with a unified communications interface. In this way,
the user is provided with a uniform view of the measurement parameters on offer,
irrespective of the components deployed. The software is automatically configured for
the connected components when the system starts up.
With this concept, different gas sampling modules (for example ILCA and IRIA) can
be configured for specific customer needs using standard components.
The MOPS PCB calculates values of the patient parameters and controls the sensor
head signals.
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3.9AMO FLOW ILCA PCB (flow controller)
Pump
LP AMO Flow ILCA
AMO FLOW ILCA PCB
C1: Damper
∆P sensor
∆P amplifier
Valv e c ontrol
calibration and pump voltage).
Pump current and voltage measurement
Switching regulator with digital potentiometer (pressure sensor
MOPS PCB connector
EEPROM
R1
Sintered-
ILCA
cuvette
Offset calibration
Differential pressure
P
Absolute
pressure sensor
Val ve
R2
Water trap bypass
WAL
Patient
digital and analog signals
Filter
Ambient air
Fig. 10: Connection diagram, AMO FLOW ILCA PCB
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The AMO FLOW ILCA PCB controls the pump and the valves of ILCA. The PCB is
controlled and powered by the MOPS PCB. The actual regulation of the pump flow is
handled by the software of the controller on the MOPS PCB.
The "AMO FLOW ILCA PCB" holds the following components:
− A DC/DC converter generates the pump voltage (2.5 - 7.5 V/DC). The output
voltage of the DC/DC converter is controlled through a serial digital potentiometer
on the PCB and set by the controller of the MOPS PCB.
− Analog electronics for evaluation of the pump voltage, pump current, valve
current, and differential pressure.
− The power output elements of the valves.
− Service LEDs for the pump voltage, the valves, and the supply voltage.
− A temperature-compensated differential pressure sensor for flow metering. The
sensor offset is corrected with a serial digital potentiometer.
The flow is measured by way of the differential pressure of restrictor R1 plus the
upstream sintered-metal filter. The measuring range is 0 to 350 mbar.
The AMO FLOW ILCA PCB is connected directly to a 60-pin connector on the MOPS
PCB and is detected automatically by the MOPS PCB.
3.9.1EEPROM of AMO FLOW ILCA PCB
The serial EEPROM contains the following information:
− Serial Number
− Hardware revision
− Software revision
− Product name (AMO FLOW ILCA PCB)
− Control parameters
− Position of the digital potentiometer at which the differential pressure output
DIFFDRUCK = 2.0 V
− The voltage setpoint value at which the flow is 150 mL/min
− OCCLUDED detection value
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3.9.2Safety concept
The following voltages are routed via the AD converter of the MOPS PCB to the
switch-mode regulator in order to monitor limits and regulate the flow:
− the differential pressure
− the pump voltage
− a voltage proportional to the pump current
− a voltage proportional to the total valve current
3.9.3Valve
The valve at X4 switches between ambient air and patient air. An optional valve at X5
is possible (is not mounted in VAMOS).
The valve is non-polarized. There is no preferred position for the plug connector. A
mechanical lock prevents the valves from detaching from the connector.
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4AMO O2 GRAF PCB
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+5V)
VAMOS PCB
communication
Asynchronous serial
+5V)
Shut-off
Interface to the
Driver
RS 232
Control:
LEDs
Keypad
Display unit
Control knob
Fan control
Debug interface
SpO2 module
Alarm/signal tones
Charging/battery control
(service BD32)
Interface to the
LP AMO O2-Graf Rev 02
VAMOS PCB
AMO O2 GRAF PCB Rev. 02
SRAM
EEPROM
Processor
Reset controller
FLASH EPROM
Oscillator 32 kHz
AMO O2 GRAF PCB
Reset of the
processor of the
AMO O2 GRAF PCB
MOPS PCB
Interface to the
(10...16.5 V)
Power supply
Voltage monitoring
+ 5 V power supply
Synchronous serial
communication with
the processor of the
AMO O2 GRAF PCB
Synchronous serial
communication with
the EEPROM on the
Fig. 11: Block diagram, AMO O2 GRAF PCB
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On the AMO O2 GRAF PCB the screen data are processed by a co-processor. The
PCB controls and monitors the complete monitor function including the keypad,
control knob, indicator lamps (LEDs), and SpO2 sensors.
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