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HotWire 8600
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Nortel Networks HotWire 8600 User Manual 2

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600
Terminology
Release: 5.0 Document Revision: 01.01
www.nortel.com
NN46205-102
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323376-A Rev 01
Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks All Rights Reserved.
Printed in Canada and the United States of America LEGAL NOTICE
While the information in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable, except as otherwise expressly agreed to in writing NORTEL PROVIDES THIS DOCUMENT "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OR CONDITION OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. The information and/or products described in this document are subject to change without notice.
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All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
ATTENTION
For information about the software license, read "Software license" in this guide.
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Contents
Software license 5 New in this release 9
Other changes 9
3
Terminology 9
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Introduction 11 A13 B17 C21 D25 E29 F31 G33 H35 I37 J41 L43 M47 N53 O55 P57 Q63 R65 S71 T77 U81 V83 W85
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Software license
This section contains the Nortel Networks software license.
Nortel Networks Inc. software license agreement
This Software License Agreement ("License Agreement") is between you, the end-user ("Customer") and Nortel Networks Corporation and its subsidiaries and affiliates ("Nortel Networks"). PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING CAREFULLY. YOU MUST ACCEPT THESE LICENSE TERMS IN ORDER TO DOWNLOAD AND/OR USE THE SOFTWARE. USE OF THE SOFTWARE CONSTITUTES YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT. If you do not accept these terms and conditions, return the Software, unused and in the original shipping container, within 30 days of purchase to obtain a credit for the full purchase price.
"Software" is owned or licensed by Nortel Networks, its parent or one of its subsidiaries or affiliates, and is copyrighted and licensed, not sold. Software consists of machine-readable instructions, its components, data, audio-visual content (such as images, text, recordings or pictures) and related licensed materials including all whole or partial copies. Nortel Networks grants you a license to use the Software only in the country where you acquired the Software. You obtain no rights other than those granted to you under this License Agreement. You are responsible for the selection of the Software and for the installation of, use of, and results obtained from the Software.
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1. Licensed Use of Software. Nortel Networks grants Customer a
nonexclusive license to use a copy of the Software on only one machine at any one time or to the extent of the activation or authorized usage level, whichever is applicable. To the extent Software is furnished for use with designated hardware or Customer furnished equipment ("CFE"), Customer is granted a nonexclusive license to use Software only on such hardware or CFE, as applicable. Software contains trade secrets and Customer agrees to treat Software as confidential information using the same care and discretion Customer uses with its own similar information that it does not wish to disclose, publish or disseminate. Customer will ensure that anyone who uses the Software does so only in compliance with the terms
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6 Software license
of this Agreement. Customer shall not a) use, copy, modify, transfer or distribute the Software except as expressly authorized; b) reverse assemble, reverse compile, reverse engineer or otherwise translate the Software; c) create derivative works or modifications unless expressly authorized; or d) sublicense, rent or lease the Software. Licensors of intellectual property to Nortel Networks are beneficiaries of this provision. Upon termination or breach of the license by Customer or in the event designated hardware or CFE is no longer in use, Customer will promptly return the Software to Nortel Networks or certify its destruction. Nortel Networks may audit by remote polling or other reasonable means to determine Customer’s Software activation or usage levels. If suppliers of third party software included in Software require Nortel Networks to include additional or different terms, Customer agrees to abide by such terms provided by Nortel Networks with respect to such third party software.
2. Warranty. Except as may be otherwise expressly agreed to in writing between Nortel Networks and Customer, Software is provided "AS IS" without any warranties (conditions) of any kind. NORTEL NETWORKS DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES (CONDITIONS) FOR THE SOFTWARE, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND ANY WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT. Nortel Networks is not obligated to provide support of any kind for the Software. Some jurisdictions do not allow exclusion of implied warranties, and, in such event, the above exclusions may not apply.
3. Limitation of Remedies. IN NO EVENT SHALL NORTEL NETWORKS OR ITS AGENTS OR SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY OF THE FOLLOWING: a) DAMAGES BASED ON ANY THIRD PARTY CLAIM; b) LOSS OF, OR DAMAGE TO, CUSTOMER’S RECORDS, FILES OR DATA; OR c) DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING LOST PROFITS OR SAVINGS), WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) ARISING OUT OF YOUR USE OF THE SOFTWARE, EVEN IF NORTEL NETWORKS, ITS AGENTS OR SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THEIR POSSIBILITY. The forgoing limitations of remedies also apply to any developer and/or supplier of the Software. Such developer and/or supplier is an intended beneficiary of this Section. Some jurisdictions do not allow these limitations or exclusions and, in such event, they may not apply.
4. General
1. If Customer is the United States Government, the following paragraph
shall apply: All Nortel Networks Software available under this License Agreement is commercial computer software and commercial computer
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Nortel Networks Inc. software license agreement 7
software documentation and, in the event Software is licensed for or on behalf of the United States Government, the respective rights to the software and software documentation are governed by Nortel Networks standard commercial license in accordance with U.S. Federal Regulations at 48 C.F.R. Sections 12.212 (for non-DoD entities) and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202 (for DoD entities).
2.
Customer may terminate the license at any time. Nortel Networks may terminate the license if Customer fails to comply with the terms and conditions of this license. In either event, upon termination, Customer must either return the Software to Nortel Networks or certify its destruction.
3.
Customer is responsible for payment of any taxes, including personal property taxes, resulting from Customer’s use of the Software. Customer agrees to comply with all applicable laws including all applicable export and import laws and regulations.
4.
Neither party may bring an action, regardless of form, more than two years after the cause of the action arose.
5.
The terms and conditions of this License Agreement form the complete and exclusive agreement between Customer and Nortel Networks.
6.
This License Agreement is governed by the laws of the country in which Customer acquires the Software. If the Software is acquired in the United States, then this License Agreement is governed by the laws of the state of New York.
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New in this release
The following section details what’s new in Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology, NN46205-102 for Release 5.0:
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“Other changes” (page 9)
Other changes
For information about changes that are not feature-related, see the following sections:
Terminology
Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology, NN46205-102 is a new document for Release 5.0. This document consolidates all terminology and acronyms into one document. Use this document for information about common acronyms and terms used in the Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 documentation.
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Introduction
This document provides information about the terms and acronyms used in the Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 documentation.
Navigation
“A” (page 13)
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“B” (page 17)
• “C” (page 21)
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“D” (page 25)
• “E” (page 29)
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“F” (page 31)
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“G” (page 33)
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“H” (page 35)
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• “I” (page 37)
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“J” (page 41)
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“L” (page 43)
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“M” (page 47)
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“N” (page 53)
• “O” (page 55)
• “P” (page 57)
• “Q” (page 63)
• “R” (page 65)
• “S” (page 71)
• “T” (page 77)
• “U” (page 81)
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• “V” (page 83)
• “W” (page 85)
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A
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access control entry (ACE)
One of the filter rules that comprise an access control list (ACL). A filter rule statement defines a pattern (in a packet) and the desired behavior for packets that carry the pattern. When the packets match an ACE rule, the specified action executes.
access control list (ACL)
An ordered list of filter rules referred to as access control entries. The ACEs provide specific actions, such as dropping packets within a specified IP range, or a specific Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or User Datagram Protocol (UDP) port or port range. When an ingress or egress packet meets the match criteria specified in one or more ACEs within an ACL, the corresponding action executes.
Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks
access control template (ACT)
Defines the selection of match fields for a given ACL. Before you add an ACE to an ACL, you must first associate the ACL with an existing ACT.
add/drop multiplexer (ADM)
A network element in which facilities are added, dropped, or passed directly through for transmission to other network elements.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Maps an IP address to a physical machine address, for example, maps an IP address to an Ethernet media across control (MAC) address.
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address resolution unit (ARU)
An application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that makes forwarding decisions that do not require CPU activity and, therefore; does not adversely affect forwarding speed.
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
A privacy protocol. AES is the current encryption standard (FIPS-197) intended for use by U.S. government organizations to protect sensitive information.
aggregate
A prefix length that is formed by combining several specific prefixes. The resulting prefix is used to combine blocks of address space into a single routing announcement.
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)
A code for representing characters in computers. ASCII uses uppercase and lowercase alphabetic letters, numeric digits, and special symbols.
application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)
A application-specific integrated circuit developed to perform more quickly and efficiently than a generic processor.
area border router (ABR)
A router attached to two or more areas inside an Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) network. ABRs play an important role in OSPF networks by condensing the amount of disseminated OSPF information.
asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL)
A standard that allows digital broadband (over 6 Mbit/s) signals and plain old telephone service to transmit up to 12 000 feet over a twisted copper pair.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
A transfer mode that organizes information into cells and the recurrence of cells depends on the required or instantaneous bit rate.
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attenuation
The decrease in signal strength in an optical fiber caused by absorption and scattering.
attribute
A unit of data that is used by BGP to describe any of the following prefixes: AS-PATH, LOCAL-PREF, NEXT-HOP, and so on.
automatic protection switching (APS)
A Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) feature that protects against line failure.
AS (autonomous system)
A set of routers under a single technical administration, using a single IGP and common metrics to route packets within the AS, and using an EGP to route packets to other ASs.
AS confederation
A single logical AS that comprises multiple sub-ASs to ensure scalability.
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autonomous system border router (ASBR)
A router attached at the edge of an OSPF network. An ASBR uses one or more interfaces that run an interdomain routing protocol such as BGP. In addition, a router distributing static routes or Routing Information Protocol (RIP) routes into OSPF is considered an ASBR.
ASN (autonomous system number)
A two-byte number that is used to identify a specific AS.
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backplane forwarding module (BFM)
Connects the switching module on the Web Switching Module (WSM) and SSL Acceleration Module (SAM) to the Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 backplane.
backup designated router (BDR)
Assumes the designated router (DR) role for the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol if the DR fails.
bandwidth
A measure of transmission capacity for a particular pathway, expressed in megabits per second (Mbit/s).
BAP memory controller (BMC)
A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device on the R module.
Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks
basic rate interface (BRI)
A type of Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) access provided by a set of time division multiplexed digital channels that include two B-channels at 64 kbit/s (for digitized voice and data), one D-channel at 16 kbit/s (for signaling information), and one or more maintenance channels.
Baysecure Access Control (BSAC)
A Nortel Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) server.
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bit error rate (BER)
The ratio of the number of bit errors to the total number of bits transmitted in a given time interval.
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
An inter-domain routing protocol that provides loop-free inter-domain routing between autonomous systems (ASs) or within an AS.
BGP neighbor
BGP routers that have interfaces to a common network.
BGP peer
A relationship that is formed between any two routers that open a TCP connection to each other for the purpose of exchanging routing informations.
BGP session
An active connection between two routers running BGP.
BGP speaker
An entity within a BGP router that is used to communicate with other BGP speakers by establishing a peer-to-peer session.
bit interleaved parity (BIP)
A simple parity check mechanism.
blade
A synonym for a line card.
Bootstrap Protocol (BootP)
A User Datagram Protocol (UDP)/Internet Protocol (IP)-based protocol that a booting host uses to configure itself dynamically and without user supervision.
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bootstrap router (BSR)
A dynamically elected Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) router that collects information about potential Rendezvous Point routers and distributes the information to all PIM routers in the domain.
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
An exterior gateway protocol that routers use in different autonomous systems (AS) to exchange routing information.
boundary port
A bridge port that attaches a Multiple Spanning Tree (MST) bridge to a LAN in another region.
Breaker Interface Panel (BIP)
A central rack location that connects redundant input DC-power feeds and routes to one or two 8010co chassis. The BIP provides an alarm module and display panel that monitors system components, generates alarms, and controls LED status indicators.
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Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU)
A data frame used to exchange information among the bridges in local or wide area networks for network topology maintenance.
burst tolerance (BT)
For ATM traffic, the maximum burst size (MBS) minus 1 multiplied by the difference between the peak cell rate (PCR) and sustained cell rate (SCR) intervals.
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cable assembly
An optical-fiber cable with connectors installed on one or both ends. The cable assembly interconnects the cabling system with opto-electronic equipment at either end of the system. Cable assemblies with connectors only on one end are called pigtails. Cable assemblies with connectors on both ends are called jumpers or patch cords.
cable plant
All the optical elements, such as fiber connectors and splices, between a transmitter and a receiver.
candidate bootstrap router (C-BSR)
Provides backup protection in case the primary rendezvous point (RP) or boostrap router (BSR) fails. Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) uses the BSR and C-BSR.
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Central Office (CO)
A major equipment center that serves the communication traffic of a specific geographical area.
central processor unit (CPU)
The main system processor that resides on the CSU.
Challenge Handshake Protocol (CHAP)
An access protocol that exchanges a random value between the server and the client and is encrypted with a challenge password.
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Circuitless IP
A virtual interface that does not map to any physical interface. This interface is often called a loopback.
class of service (CoS)
A method used to manage traffic congestion based on the CoS level assigned to the packet.
classless interdomain routing (CIDR)
The protocol defined in RFCs 1517 and 1518 for using subnetwork masks, other than the defaults for IP address classes.
cluster
One or more route reflectors and their associated clients that form a relationship where the designated route reflectors provide route reflection for their clients, as well as nonclient peers.
coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM)
A technology that uses multiple optical signals with different wavelengths to simultaneously transmit in the same direction over one fiber, and then separates by wavelength at the distant end.
command line interface (CLI)
A nongraphical user interface. When you use a CLI, you respond to a prompt by typing a command. After you enter the command, you receive a system response.
common and internal spanning tree (CIST)
The single spanning tree calculated by the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), and Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) to ensure that all LANs in a bridged Local Area Network (LAN) are simply and fully connected.
common spanning tree (CST)
The single spanning tree calculated by STP, RSTP, and MSTP to connect multiple spanning tree (MST) regions.
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community
A BGP attribute that contains a list of 32-bit values used to identify a route as belonging to a category of routes. All of the routes in the category are treated equally by routing policies.
constant bit rate (CBR)
A data service that conveys bits regularly in time and at a constant rate, between source (transmitter) and sink (receiver), for example, follows a timing source or clock.
Custom AutoNegotiation Advertisement (CANA)
An enhancement of the IEEE 802.3 autonegotiation process on the 10/100/1000 copper ports. CANA offers improved control over the autonegotiation process. The system advertises all port capabilities that for tri-speed ports include 10 Mb/s, 100 Mb/s, 1000 Mb/s speeds and duplex and half-duplex modes of operation. This advertisement results in autonegotiation between the local and remote end that settles on the highest common denominator. CANA can advertise a user-defined subset of the capabilities that settle on a lower or particular capability.
Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks
customer edge (CE)
A router or switch located at a customer site that connects to a provider edge (PE) router.
customer premise equipment (CPE)
Equipment or inside wiring at the customer site that connects to telecommunications equipment.
cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
Ensures frame integrity is maintained during transmission. The CRS performs a computation on frame contents before transmission and on the receiving device. The system discards frames that do not pass the CRC.
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Data Encryption Standard (DES)
A cryptographic algorithm that protects unclassified computer data. The National Institute of Standards and Technology publishes the DES in the Federal Information Processing Standard Publication 46-1.
Data Communications Equipment (DCE)
A network device (such as a modem) that establishes, maintains, and terminates a session.
Data Terminating Equipment (DTE)
A computer or terminal on the network that is the source or destination of signals.
database description (DD) packets
Exchanged when a link is initially established between neighboring routers that synchronizes their link state databases. The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol uses DD packets.
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dampen
Indicates that routes which exhibit instability are not advertised until the routes become stable for a minimum time period.
denial-of-service (DoS)
Attacks that prevent a target server or victim device from performing its normal functions through flooding, irregular protocol sizes (for example, ping requests aimed at the victim server) and application buffer overflows.
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dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)
A technology that uses many optical signals (16 or more) with different wavelengths to simultaneously transmit in the same direction across one fiber, and then separates by wavelength at the distant end.
demultiplexing
The wavelength separation in a wavelength­division multiplexing system. The opposite of multiplexing.
designated router (DR)
A single router elected as the designated router for the network. In a broadcast or nonbroadcast multiple access (NBMA) network running the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol, a DR ensures all network routers synchronize with each other and advertises the network to the rest of the autonomous system (AS). In a multicast network running Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM), the DR acts as a representative router for directly connected hosts. The DR sends control messages to the rendezvous point (RP) router, sends register messages to the RP on behalf of directly connected sources, and maintains RP router status information for the group.
Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks
Device Manager (DM)
A graphical user interface (GUI) used to configure and manage the Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600.
DiffServ (DS) boundary or access point
The edge of a DS domain in which classifiers and traffic conditioners are deployed.
DS field
Formerly called the IPv4 Type of Service (TOS) octet or the IPv6 Traffic Class octet. The DS field provides the Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) that is used for packet forwarding. These fields are part of the standard IPv4 header.
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Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP)
The first six bits of the DS field. The DSCP uses packet marking to guarantee a fixed percentage of total bandwidth to each of several applications (guarantees Quality of Service).
digital subscriber line (DSL)
In Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN), equipment that provides full-duplex service on a single twisted metallic pair at a rate sufficient to support ISDN basic access and additional framing, timing recovery, and operational functions.
digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM)
A network device, at a telephone company central office, that receives signals from multiple customer digital subscriber line (DSL) connections and uses multiplexing techniques to place the signals on a high-speed backbone line.
Dual port controller (DPC)
A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device on the R module.
dispersion
The broadening of input pulses as they travel the length of an optical fiber. The following types of dispersion exist:
• modal dispersion-caused by the many optical
path lengths in a multimode fiber
•
chromatic dispersion-caused by the differential delay at various wavelengths in an optical fiber
• waveguide dispersion-caused by light
traveling through both the core and cladding materials in single-mode fibers
Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP)
A dense mode routing protocol that floods multicast data to all internetwork routers.
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