Nokia N-GageQD Service Manual 6b rh29 rf troubleshooting

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Nokia Customer Care

RH-29 Series Cellular Phones

6b - RF Troubleshooting

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RF Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................................. 3

Abbreviations in troubleshooting charts .......................................................................................3

Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................5

RF Key component placement .......................................................................................................... 6

RF measurement points ......................................................................................................................7

RF supply points................................................................................................................................. 7

Measurement points in the receiver ............................................................................................ 8

Measurement points in the transmitter...................................................................................... 9

Receiver................................................................................................................................................... 11

General instructions for RX troubleshooting ..............................................................................11

Measuring RX I/Q signals using RSSI reading ........................................................................ 11

Measuring RX performance using SNR measurement ......................................................... 13

Measuring front end power levels using spectrum analyzer ............................................. 14

Receiver RSSI readings from Phoenix ...........................................................................................16

Receiver troubleshooting .................................................................................................................18

GSM900 Transmitter............................................................................................................................ 19

General instructions for GSM900 TX troubleshooting .............................................................19

900 Tx troubleshooting flowchart ............................................................................................. 29

GSM1800 Transmitter......................................................................................................................... 30

General instructions for GSM1800 TX troubleshooting ..........................................................30

DCS1800 Tx troubleshooting flowchart .......................................................................................30

Path of the transmitted 1800 signal ............................................................................................30

The path of Mjoelner RF ASIC..................................................................................................... 31

The path of the PA.......................................................................................................................... 31

Antenna Switch............................................................................................................................... 31

Troubleshooting chart for GSM1800 transmitter .....................................................................33

RH-29 Synthesizer................................................................................................................................ 35

General instructions for synthesizer troubleshooting ..............................................................35

26 MHz reference oscillator (VCXO) .............................................................................................37

VCO .........................................................................................................................................................38

troubleshooting chart for PLL Synthesizer ..................................................................................38

PLL power supply ................................................................................................................................39

Loop Filter ......................................................................................................................................... 39

VCO and power supply ...........................................................................................................

26MHz Bluetooth buffer .............................................................................................................. 40

Antenna................................................................................................................................................... 40

Instructions for antenna troubleshooting ...................................................................................40

Phoenix Tuning...................................................................................................................................... 41

RF tuning after repairs ......................................................................................................................41

RX channel select filter calibration ...............................................................................................41

RX calibration (incl. VCXO Calibration) ........................................................................................42

EGSM900 and DCS1800 ............................................................................................................... 43

RX AGC limits ......................................................................................................................................47

RX band filter response compensation .........................................................................................47

EGSM900........................................................................................................................................... 47

DCS1800............................................................................................................................................ 50

TX I/Q tuning ........................................................................................................................................51

EGSM900........................................................................................................................................... 51

....... 39

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DCS1800............................................................................................................................................ 56

TX power tuning ..................................................................................................................................62

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RF Troubleshooting

Abbreviations in troubleshooting charts

AFC Automatic Frequency Control

AGC Automatic Gain Control

ADC Analog Digital Converter

ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit

BB Base band

DC Direct Current

GSM Global System for Mobile Communication

HB High Band

LB Low Band

LNA Low Noise Amplifier

LO Local Oscillator

LPF Loop Filter

PA Power Amplifier

DCS Digital Cellular System

PLL Phase Locked Loop

PWB Printed Wired Board

RH-29 Project Type Designator

RF Radio Frequency

RX Receiver

SA Spectrum analyzer

TX Transmitter

UEM Universal Energy Management

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UHF Ultra High Frequency

UPP Universal Phone Processor

VCO Voltage-controlled oscillator

VCXO Voltage-controlled Crystal Oscillator

VHF Very High Frequency

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Introduction

Two types of measurements have to be done for repair of the phone boards:

• RF measurements shall be done using a Spectrum Analyzer together with a high-frequency probe. (Note, that signal will be significantly attenuated). Correct attenuation can be checked by using a “good” phone board, for example.

• LF (Low frequency) and DC measurements shall be done with a an oscilloscope together with an 10:1 probe.

Always make sure that the measurement set-up is calibrated when measuring RF parameters at the RF connector. Remember to include the correct losses in the module repair jig and the connecting cable when realigning the phone.

Most RF semiconductors are static discharge sensitive. ESD protection must be taken into account during repair (ground straps and ESD soldering irons).

Mjoelner RF ASIC is moisture sensitive. Therefore, Mjoelner RF ASIC must be pre-baked prior to soldering.

Rx calibration done via Phoenix software is temperature sensitive because of calibration of 26 MHz reference oscillator (VCXO). According to Mjoelner specification

ambient temperature has to be in a range from 22°C to 36°C.

Apart from key-components described in this document there are a lot of discrete components (resistors, inductors and capacitors) for which troubleshooting is done by checking if soldering of the component is done properly and checking if the component is missing from PWB. Capacitors can be checked for short-circuiting and resistors for value by means of an ohm-meter, but be aware in-circuit measurements should be evaluated carefully.

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RF Key component placement

Figure 1: RF key component placement

Table 1: Key components

Reference number

N601 Mjoelner RF ASIC

B601 26 MHz Xtal

Z602 GSM1800 RX SAW

Z604 900 RX SAW filter L801 Directional Coupler

Z701 900 TX SAW filter V801 Detector Diode

T701 GSM1800 TX Balun Z601 Antenna switch

V802 900 TX buffer N801 Power Amplifier

Name

Reference number

Name

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Reference number

G701 3.7 GHz VCO

T702 VCO Balun

Name

RF measurement points

RF supply points

Reference number

Name

Figure 2: RF Supply points inside Mjoelner can

RF power supplies are generated in the UEM and can be measured either in the Mjoelner can or in the baseband can. Arrows mark the measurement points inside the pictures.

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Measurement points in the receiver

Figure 3: Rx measurement points in antenna switch.

GSM900 antenna switch output

DCS1800 antenna switch output

Antenna Switch input

Figure 4: Rx measurement points at Rx SAW filters and Mjoelner RF ASIC

DCS1800 SAW Output/Mjoelner Input

GSM900 SAW Output/Mjoelner Input

Z602 DCS RX SAW Input

Z604 GSM RX SAW Input

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Measurement points in the transmitter

Figure 5: Tx measurement points inside PA can

V802 900 PreAmp

801 Triple Band PA

V801 Power Detector

C815 Vbat Supply capacitor

L809 Vbat Supply inductor

L801 Coupler

Z601 Antenna

C819 Vbat Supply capacitor

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Figure 6: Tx measurement points for TXC, TXP signals

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Receiver

General instructions for RX troubleshooting

Connect the phone to a PC with DAU-9S cable and dongle and follow the following instructions:

Measuring RX I/Q signals using RSSI reading

Start Phoenix Service Software

Open the FBUS connection

Select Scan Product Ctrl-R

Wait until phone information shows in the window at the bottom of the screen.

Set operating mode to local mode

Phone information Product Information Software version

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Select Testing Alt-S

RF Controls R

Wait until the RF Controls window pops up

Select Band GSM900 or GSM1800

Active unit RX

Operation mode Burst

RX/TX Channel 37 or 700

Select Testing Alt-S

RSSI reading G

The setup should now look like this:

Apply a signal with a frequency of

EGSM900: 942.467 MHz (channel 37 + 67.710kHz offset)

GSM1800: 1842.867 MHz (channel 700 +67.710kHz offset)

and a power level of -80dBm to the RF-connector (remember to compensate for cable attenuation).

In RSSI reading click Start.

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The resulting RSSI level should be –80dBm in each band.

RSSI Reading

Measuring RX performance using SNR measurement

Start Phoenix Service Software

Open the FBUS connection

Select Scan Product Ctrl-R

Wait until phone information is shown in the lower window at the bottom of the screen.

Set operating mode to local mode

Select Testing Alt-S

RF Controls R

Wait until the RF Controls window pops up

Select Band GSM 900

Active unit RX

Operation mode Burst

RX/TX Channel 37

Select Testing Alt-S

SNR Measurement N

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select Fast SNR Radio Button

The setup should now look like this:

Choose respective band (GSM900).

Press Start. A window pops up, e.g. for GSM900 band:

Connect an external signal generator to the RF connector of the phone and set the generator as told in the window, taking care for external cable losses.

Press ok and the window closes.

Read the SNR result. SNR should be: EGSM900 >20dB

GSM1800 >18dB

Measuring front end power levels using spectrum analyzer

Spectrum Analyzer (SA) level values depend on the probe type and should be validated using a good sample.

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The levels that are given here are measured using a resistive probe (50Ohm semi-rigid cable).

Start Phoenix Service Software

Open the FBUS connection

Select Scan Product Ctrl-R

Wait until phone information shows in the lower right corner of the screen.

Set operating mode to local mode

Select Testing Alt-S

RF Controls R

Wait until the RF Controls window pops up

Select Band GSM 900 or DSC1800

Active unit RX

Operation mode Continuous

RX/TX Channel 37 or 700

Please refer to the troubleshooting chart for proper levels at different test points.

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Receiver troubleshooting

Set up Phoenix as if doing RSSI measurements.

Ascertain which Rx band is faulty.

Refer to Rx troubleshooting flowchart.

Set signal generator frequency to 942.46771MHz for EGSM900 or 1847.86771MHz for DCS1800.

Set signal generator amplitude to -60dBm.

Select Receive Band For Testing.

Check Antenna Switch Cont. lines. Do they match the results

in the table?

YES NO

Inspect RF

C650.

Connector. OK?

YES NO

Replace Antenna

C650.

Switch

Replace RF Connector

Check L701, L702

OK?

L703. OK?

YES

Check Antenna Switch Test Point. Signal OK?

YES

Check PI Filter & SAW Components. OK?

YES

Replace SAW Filter

Replace all 3 Components

Replace Inductor

KEY

Test With Spectrum Analyzer

Check SAW

Output / Mjoelner Input for band. OK?

Measure Vge at same point. 0.2V?

Inspect PI filter & SAW for S/c. S/C?

YES

Rectify S/C

Test With Oscilloscope

Refer to Synth. Flow Chart.

YES

Check Mjoelner Voltage Supplies & RFBUS lines. All OK?

Check RSSI using Phoenix. Does it match Sig. Gen Output level?

Is LO Running?

Probe J606-609 for RX I & Q

Does Waveform

YES

look like example?

YES

Probe J211 &

Probe J200 and J202, is

J212. Is digital data visible?

digital data visible?

YES

Replace UEMReplace UPP

YES

Replace Mjoelner

Inspect / Check

Replace

Refer to BB

UEM.

Fault Finding

End Action

YES

Receiver is working correctly.

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GSM900 Transmitter

General instructions for GSM900 TX troubleshooting

Apply an RF-cable to the RF-connector to allow the transmitted signal to act normally. The RF-cable should be connected to measurement equipment (GSM Test equipment, Power meter, Spectrum Analyzer, or similar). Be sure to use at least a 10-dB attenuator, otherwise the analyzer may be overloaded.

Connect the phone to a PC with DAU-9P cable and dongle and follow the following instructions:

Connect the phone to a power supply (3.5... 4V).

Open Phoenix and select Fbus connection.

Select ‘File’ and ‘Scan Product’ from the pull down menus.

Select ‘Testing’, ‘RF controls’ from the pull down menu.

Chose Transmit Band for testing, Use the automatically selected channel.

Set Operation Mode to ‘Burst’.

Choose the Power level you want the phone to operate at.

Set spectrum analyzer center frequency, 897.4MHz for EGSM900 and 1747,8MHz for DCS1800 and set Span to 1MHz.

Set Amplitude of spectrum analyzer reference level to one that you can clearly see the transmit pulse according to the kind of test probe you are using.

Diagnose as per troubleshooting flowchart.

Note:Be careful when selecting the operation mode, if ‘Continuous’ is selected prolonged transmission may damage the phone

TX Path of the transmitted GSM900 signal

For easy error tracing it is important to know the signal path of the GSM900 transmitter. The components can be grouped into blocks and drawn as shown below. Note that the following picture shows both GSM900 transmitter (bottom) and GSM1800 transmitter

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(top).

GSM900 TX path of Mjoelner RF ASIC

The balanced TX signal is provided by the base band and is coming to the Mjoelner RF ASIC. The TX paths of the Mjoelner RF ASIC include mainly two RF modulators for upconversion of the base band signals, one for GSM900 and one for GSM1800. The base band signal is modulated with the LO signal corresponding to the wanted TX channel. The GSM TX output of the Mjoelner RF ASIC is a balanced signal.

From the output of the Mjoelner RFASIC the signal is fed through the 900 TX SAW filter (Balanced to single ended), the 900 MHz buffer, and a 5 dB pad to the PA input.

GSM900 TX path of the Power Amplifier (PA)

The PA GSM900 part has a minimum stable output power of app. 35 dBm. Voltage supply is coming directly from the Battery connectors.

The GSM900 output is controlled by the power control loop. From the GSM900 output of the PA the RF signal is fed through the directional coupler (one of the power control loop components) to the antenna switch.

Antenna Switch (TX/RX switch)

The antenna Switch works as a diplexer for the RX and TX signals. Moreover, it suppresses the TX harmonics generated by the PA. The antenna switch is controlled by the Mjoelner RF ASIC using the control signals Vcont1 and Vcont2. The following table

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shows the possible different states.

Vcont1 [Volt]

0 0 X

0 2.7 X

2.7 0 X

Vcont2 [Volt]

900 Rx DCS Rx 900 Tx DCS Tx

Phone information Product Information Software version

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Figure 7: TX Digital I & Q Test Points

J203 TXQD

J202 TXID

Figure 8: TX Digital I & Q Data, J202 and J203

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Figure 9: Mjoelner Can Test Points

TXQOUTN

TXQOUTP

TXC

TXP

Vcont1

Vcont2

TXIOUTN

TXIOUTP

TX Analog I & Q Data, C715 & C716

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TXP & TXC Lines during Transmission

TXP

TXC

TXP

TXC

TXP / TXC Mask

Power Control Loop On

Baseband Generated Reference for EGSM Power Level 19

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Figure 10: GSM900 TX Test Points

Vbat

DCS In

GSM In DCS In

VTXB_900 (EGSM V802 Pre-Amp Biasing Waveform)

VTXB_900 (900 V802 Pre-Amp Biasing Waveform)

Only Biases V802 for duration of TX Pulse.

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Figure 11: 900 Tx waveform, burst, pwr level 19

Figure 12: 900 Tx waveform, continuous, pwr level 19

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900

Nokia Customer Care 6b - RF Troubleshooting

900 Tx troubleshooting flowchart

THE FIRST FLOW DIAGRAM ASSUMES THE FOLLOWING:

• Phoenix has been set up as shown in the following screen (the Tx power level may be increased using Phoenix if it makes the Tx pulse easier to see).

• Relevant components have been visually inspected for orientation, placement, etc.

• The transmit signal has been checked with a spectrum analyzer at RF connector, X602 and was found to be too low or non-existent.

• The VCO is running correctly.

• The power amplifier is getting a correct VBATRF supply via L809.

Change L801

Is Signal at Antenna pin of Z601 ok?

Change X602 RF Connector

YES

Change Antenna Switch

• Mjoelner’s supply voltages VR1A, VR2, VR3, VR4, VR5 & VR7 are all

Is Signal at

TX_GSM on

TX_850_OUT

L801 OK?

on L801 OK?

YES

C650.

Check Antenna Switch Control Lines. Do they match the results in the table?

Check L701

Check L701,

Check L703

and L702.

L702 & L703.

and L813 OK?

OK?

working correctly.

Is Signal

Is Signal at C834

900

YES

at C881

OK?

Probe VPD_850 Signal

Probe VPD_900Signal

on R818 and set Power

on R818 and set Power Level to 19 using Phoenix.

Level to 19 using Phoenix.

Is Pulse Pk-Pk 2.8V?

YES

900

START

YESYESNO NO NO

YES

900

Is 850

Is EGSM

TXIN signal

R825

at R805 OK?

at R828 OK?

YES

Is Signal at V802 Collector OK?

Is Signal at

Is Signal at C733 OK?

R733 OK?

Is signal at

R805

L807 OK?

YES NO

Is VTXB

_850 OK?

_900 OK?

YES

Are TX I & Q on C715 & C716. OK?

YES

Are TXP & TXC visible?

YES

NO TXP

Is VR2

2.8V on C731?

NO YES

NO TXC

Replace PA

Check / Replace

R825, R824 and

R826,R827,R828,

R805, C820, C821

R826.

C820,C821

Check Z701 & Biasing components

Check V802 & associated components

Change Mjoelner

Are digital I & Q signals OK on

J202 and J203?

J123 & J214?

YES

Change UPP

Change UEM

Replace Inductors

KEY

Test using Spectrum Analyzer

Test using Oscilloscope

Check / Inspect

End Action

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GSM1800 Transmitter

General instructions for GSM1800 TX troubleshooting

Apply an RF-cable to the RF-connector to allow the transmitted signal to act as normal. RF-cable should be connected to measurement equipment (GSM Test equipment, Power meter, Spectrum Analyzer, or similar).

DCS1800 Tx troubleshooting flowchart

The following diagram assumes the following:

• Phoenix has been set up as shown previously (selecting DCS1800 in the RF control box).

• Relevant components have been visually inspected for orientation, placement etc.

• The Transmit Signal has been checked with a S pectrum Analyzer at the RF connector, X602 and was found to be low or non-existent.

• The VCO is running correctly.

• The Power Amplifier is getting a correct VBATRF supply via L809.

• Mjoelner’s supply voltages VR1A, VR2, VR3, VR4, VR5 & VR7 are all working correctly.

Path of the transmitted 1800 signal

For easy error tracking it is important to know the signal path of the GSM1800 transmitter. The components can be grouped into blocks and drawn as shown below. Note that the picture shows both EGSM900 transmitter (bottom) and GSM1800 transmitter (top).

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MJOELNER

VANTL / VANTH

Controls

VDDDIG

TXQP/TXQM

1/4

TXIP/TXIM

VB_DET

VTXLOL

VTXBH

VTXBL

GSM

Ant Switch

DCS

PCS

Dir. Coupler

DET

VBATTRF

Buffer

PCS

Buffer

GSM850

EGSM900

DCS180

VTX

Balun

SAW

PWloop

filter

OUTHP OUTHM

OUTLP OUTLM

DET PLFB1 PLFB2

VPCH/VPCL

Controls

Open collector

TXP

PWC

TXP

TXC

VDDRXBB

VDDTX

Supply

filter

VTX

VR2

1/2

The path of Mjoelner RF ASIC

The balanced TX signal from base band is coming to Mjoelner RF ASIC. The GSM1800 path includes a RF modulator for GSM1800. The BB signal is up-converted with the LO signal corresponding to the wanted TX channel. The GSM1800 TX output of Mjoelner is a balanced signal.

From the output of Mjoelner the signal is fed through the Balun T701 (Balanced to single ended) and a 3 dB pad.

The path of the PA

The GSM1800 part of the PA has a maximum output of approximately 33dBm. The supply is coming directly from the Battery connectors.

The output is controlled by the power control loop. From the output of the PA the signal goes through the directional coupler (one of the power control loop components) to the Antenna Switch.

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Antenna Switch

The Antenna Switch works as a diplexer between RX and TX Bands. Moreover, it partly suppresses the harmonics generated by the PA. Mjoelner RF ASIC controls the antenna switch by two voltages Vcont1 and Vcont2. The following table shows the different states.

Z604 input EGSM900

Vcont2

Vcont1 [Volt]

0 0 X

0 2.7 X

2.7 0 X

Vcont2 [Volt]

Figure 13: Antenna Switch Test Points

EGSM RX

Z602 input

DCS RX

Vcont1

EGSM TX

DCS1800 RX

DCS TX

Antenna Switch input

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Troubleshooting chart for GSM1800 transmitter

Is signal at

DCS

DCS / PCS Input of Z601 OK?

Replace L801

Are Z601 Control lines as per table?

YES

Check RF

Check

Connector

C650.

X602. OK?

Replace RF

C650.

Connector.

NOYES

YES

Is signal on C823 OK?

Is VPD_1800 signal OK?

Investigate Mjoelner

Replace Antenna Switch

KEY

Test With Spectrum Analyzer

Test With Oscilloscope

YES

Replace PA

START

Is TX Signal at

DCS / PCS In on

DCS In on

L812 OK?

R819 OK?

YES

Are TXP & TXC OK?

TXC U/S

Change UEM

Check / Inspect

NOYES

TXP U/S

Change UPP

End Action

Is TX Signal at L705 OK?

Are TX I & Q Signals OK?

YES

Are Digital I & Q Signals

J202

OK at J213 &

and J203?

J214

NO YES

YES

Is Vr2 2.8V on R720?

NO YES

Check T701 & Associated Components.

Refer To Baseband Fault Finding

If the Tx output is too high, then it is most likely that there is a problem within the Power Control loop.

Mjoelner is receiving the Reference TXC from Baseband and not getting any feedback from DET to compare with TXC. The result is that Mjoelner drives VDP_900/VPD_1800 high to try and increase the power output so that the DET signal is matching TXC. With a break in the Power Control loop, the DET signal never reaches Mjoelner so it assumes that the PA is not outputting enough power so it tries to compensate by increasing the gain.

When checking the Power Control loop, make sure that VBD is pulsing at 2.8V Peak to Peak. Check the DET pulse at Mjoelner input on R706.

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This case is the same for EGSM900 & DCS1800.

NO YES

Replace Faulty Components

Are R706, R707 & R708 OK?

Eunsure that VBD is pulsing 2.8V Pk - PK and investigate Mjoelner

KEY

Test With Spectrum Analyzer

Is DET Pulse on C805 OK?

Test With Oscilloscope

Replace V801

Check / Inspect

NOYES

End Action

Is RF Signal at V801 OK?

YES

Is DET Pulse on C804 OK?

YES

Replace L801

Replace R802

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RH-29 Synthesizer

There is only one PLL synthesizer generating frequencies for both Rx and Tx for all three bands. VCO frequency is divided by 2 or by 4 in Mjoelner depending on which band is active.

General instructions for synthesizer troubleshooting

Connect the phone to a PC with DAU-9P cable and dongle and follow these instructions:

Start Phoenix Service Software (dongle needed):

Select Scan Product Ctrl-R

Wait until phone information shows in the lower right corner of the screen.

Set operating mode to local mode.

Start RF Control window:

Select Testing Alt-S

RF Controls R

Wait until the RF Controls window pops up

Set the synthesizer to the following mode:

Select Band GSM900 or DCS1800

Active unit RX

Operation mode Continuous

RX/TX Channel 37 or 700

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The setup should now look like this:

It is possible to measure frequency of 3769,6MHz at the output of the VCO (G701) using a resistive probe and a spectrum analyzer. It is possible to measure tuning voltage at charge pump output (C710) easily. For f

= 3526.4MHz the tuning voltage should be

VCO

2.3VDC. 2.8VDC (Tuning sensitivity of VCO is 240MHz/V typ.).

Figure 14: PLL Synthesizer Test Points

T702

VR7

2.8V

Input

T702

VCO Out

Balanced Output

VC 0V - 4.7V

Charge Pump O/p Test Point

If this is not the case, then go to troubleshooting chart in this document for trouble-

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shooting.

Figure 15: Mjoelner Can Test Points

J612 VR1A

4.75V

VR5

2.8V

VIO

1.8V

VR3

2.8V

VREF1

1.35V

26 MHz reference oscillator (VCXO)

The 26 MHz reference oscillator (VCXO) is part of Mjoelner RF-ASIC (N601). It needs only an external 26 MHz Xtal (B601) as external circuitry.

The reference oscillator has three functions:

• Reference frequency for the PLL synthesizer .

• System clock for BB (RFClk_I = 26 MHz).

• 26 MHz Reference clock (LPRFClk_I) for Bluetooth Module (N430) via buffer V601.

For an error free initial synchronization, the 26MHz frequency of the VCXO must be accurate enough. Therefore, a VCXO-calibration (cal) value is written via the serial Bus into the RefOSCCAL register of Mjoelner and an additional bit in the RefOSCCntl register of the Mjoelner. That is necessary for the rough calibration of the VCXO.

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The VCXO is fine tuned by programming the AFC value via the serial bus of Mjoelner. The necessary AFC value is written into the RefOSCAFC register in Mjoelner.

VCO

The VCO is able to generate frequencies in the range from 3420MHz to 3840MHz when PLL is in function. The frequency of the VCO signal is divided by 2 or by 4 in Mjoelner RFASIC. So it is possible to generate the frequency of all channels in GSM900 and GSM1800 (both RX and TX). Frequency of the VCO is controlled by DC voltage (Vc) coming from the PLL loop filter. Range of Vc when PLL is in function is 0.7V– 3.8V. Typical tuning sensitivity of the VCO is 250MHz/V. Even if PLL is not working (Vc out of range) there is a frequency at the output of the VCO, which is between 3 and 4 GHz (if the VCO itself is ok).

troubleshooting chart for PLL Synthesizer

Set up Phoenix RF Controls

Band: GSM 900

900

Mode: RX Continuous Channel: 37

Change Channel to 975. Does LO

124.

change frequency?

190

YES NO

YES

3769.6MHz

Check T702 Balanced O/P. Signal same?

Check T702 I/P.

LO Present?

YES NO

Change T702

PLL is working

Is LO@

3.77 GHz

Change

R731

START

YES

Check VCO Out. Is LO visible?

YES

YES NO

Does the VC Vge change when you change channels?

YES

Check Loop Filter Components. OK?

KEY

Test with Spectrum Analyzer

NOYES

Check Mjoelner Voltage Supplies VR1A, VIO, VR3, VREF1. OK?

Test with Oscilloscope

Check VR7 VCO Side of R730. Vge OK?

Replace G701

YES

Replace Mjoelner

Replace Faulty Loop Filter Components

Check / Inspect

Refer to BB Fault Finding

End Action

Check VR7 J618. Vge OK?

YES

Change R730

It is important to say that power supply for VCXO (VR3) is only switched ‘OFF’ in the socalled ‘Deep Sleep Mode’ and power supply for VCO (G701 VR7) is switched ‘OFF’ in socalled ‘Sleep Mode’.

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PLL power supply

Loop Filter

VCO and power supply

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26MHz Bluetooth buffer

Antenna

Instructions for antenna troubleshooting

If the TX, RX or SX troubleshootings does not solve RF failure, do the following tests:

Use DA-17 jig and phone in 'local' mode. Use Phoenix to control the phone.

Set TX on and check the output power on low, middle and high channels. If the power levels are not OK, check the antenna, antenna connection pads and antenna pins. If there are big differencies (> 5 dB) between channels, change the antenna. If the levels are OK, the failure reason is bended center shield or in other part of the phone. Change the shield and try again. If it is still not functional, refer to BB troubleshooting.

Set RX on, connect signal generator to DA-17 and start RSSI testing. Check the RSSI levels on low, middle and high channels. If the RSSI levels are not OK, check the antenna, antenna connection pads and antenna pins. If there are big differencies (> 5 dB) between channels, change the antenna. If the RSSI levels are OK, the failure reason is bended center shield or in other part of the phone. Change the shield and try again. If it is still not functional, refer to BB troubleshooting.

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Phoenix Tuning

Connect the phone to a PC running the Phoenix Service Software.

Start Phoenix Service Software and open FBUS connection

Select File Scan Product

Wait until phone information is shown in the lower right corner of the screen.

RF tuning after repairs

Different repairs require different tuning. In general it is necessary to determine in which section the repair was done to select which tunings to perform. To determine if RF tuning is necessary after repair it is important that the functionality of the repaired circuit is understood well. It is recommended to perform complete RF tuning if RF is repaired.

• In general repairs in the TX part will require "TX Power Level Tuning" and "TX IQ Tuning".

• In general repairs in the RX part or PLL part always require "RX Calibration", “Rx Band Filter Response Calibration”.

• If Mjoelner is changed all calibrations have to be done.

Other parts interfacing to TX, RX or PLL might require tuning, but common sense should be used, e.g. if a component that has no influence on RF performance has been changed, e.g. the microphone, on/off key, mechanical parts or similar, there is no need to do any RF tuning.

RX channel select filter calibration

This calibration is calibrating the Base band filter inside Mjoelner. It is done by internally measuring a prototype filter, for this reason the calibration is done once, not separately in 2 bands.

Set operating mode to local mode

Select Tuning Alt-U

RX Channel Select filter Calibration F

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The setup should now look like this:

Press Tune and the optimal values are found.

Make sure that Save to Phone is active. It can be activated by clicking with mouse or by pressing the letter v.

Press Stop and the RX Channel Select Filter Calibration is finished. You can now leave the tuning by closing the window.

RX calibration (incl. VCXO Calibration)

The "RX calibration" is used to determine gain at different gain-settings for front-end and Mjoelner and needs to be done in both bands.

RX-calibration requires an external signal generator.

RX-calibration in EGSM900 combines two tunings, VCXO-calibration and AGC-calibration:

Calibration of GSM1800 band only determines AGC values.

The VCXO-calibration finds out a calibration value for VCXO control, an AFC initial value and 3 AFC-slope coefficients.

A value (RF_TEMP), which represents the RF hardware temperature, is determined during RX Calibration. This temperature value is used by DSP to RSSI reporting in Normal mode

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of the phone. It is not visible in the calibration process.

AGC-calibration:

The AGC-calibration finds the gain values of the RX-gain system. The AGC consists of RF LNA, which can be either on or off (gain difference between on and off state is nominally 30dB) and BB gain which can be controlled in 6dB steps. This gives 15 gain steps RSSI0 to RSSI14. LNA is off for steps RSSI0 to RSSI4. AGC-calibration measures the gain at gain step RSSI4 and RSSI7. The other gain values are calculated.

VCXO-calibration:

The VCXO-calibration ensures the function of an initial synchronization (before location update is done) when the mobile station is in Normal mode. For an error free initial synchronization, the 26MHz frequency of the VCXO must be accurate enough. Therefore, a VCXO cal value is written into the RefOSCCAL register of the Mjoelner.

During VCXO-calibration, the VCXO cal value is changed by a DSP-algorithm until a synchronization is possible. This means the VCXO oscillates at 26 MHz with a sufficient minimum frequency error.

To further minimize the frequency error, an initial AFC value is determined by the DSP and written into RefOSCAFC register of the Mjoelner.

Also the DSP algorithm determines 3 AFC slope coefficients Slope C1...3 during VCXO calibration. One AFC slope value is not sufficient for Mjoelner F3, because the AFC slope is non-linear in this chip.

EGSM900 and DCS1800

Select Tuning Alt-U

Wait until the RX Calibration window pops up.

Select Band GSM900

RX Calibration C

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The setup should now look like this:

Press Start and a new window pops up:

Connect an external signal generator to the RF connector of the phone and set the generator as told in the window, taking care for external cable losses.

Press OK and the window closes.

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A typical result will look like this:

The EGSM900 has been tuned. To proceed to DCS1800 tuning, press Save & Continue and a new window pops up::

Let an external signal generator be connected to the RF connector of the phone and set the generator as told in the window, taking care of external cable losses.

Press OK and the window closes.

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A typical result will look like this:

Press Save and Continue, and a new window pops up:

Press OK and the RX Calibration of the EGSM900 and DCS1800 are finished.

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RX AGC limits

The Rx calibration is only valid if it is within certain limits.

For the most recent limits see RH-29 Production Testing Requirements,

If calibration is not within limits, there is a fault in the RX chain.

Below the values for RSSI4 and RSSI7 are given:

RSSI4:

Table 2:

band min typ max

EGSM900 81 86 91

DCS1800 79 85 89

RSSI7:

Table 3:

band min typ max

EGSM900 103 108 11 3

DCS1800 100 104 110

RX band filter response compensation

EGSM900 and DCS1800

Set operating mode to local mode

Select Tuning Alt-u

RX Band Filter Response Compensation B

Select Band EGSM900

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The setup should now look like this:

Select Input Signal Level -60dBm

Manual tuning

Press Manual tuning and a window pops up:

Connect an external signal generator to the RF connector of the phone and set the generator as told in the window.

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Press OK and a new window pops up:

Set the generator as told in the window.

Press OK and a new window pops up. Repeat this sequence 9 times until all channels are done.

A typical result will look like this:

The EGSM900 has been tuned. Press Save and Continue to proceed to DCS1800 tuning.

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A window pops up:

Let the external signal generator be connected to the RF connector and set the generator as told in the window, taking care of external cable losses. Press OK and the following window pops up:

Set the generator as told in the window.

Press OK and a new window pops up. Repeat this sequence 9 times until all channels are done.

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A typical result will look like this:

Select Input Signal Level -60dBm

The DCS1800 has been tuned. Press Save and Continue to finish the tuning. A new window pops up:

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TX I/Q tuning

This tuning must be done in both bands.

EGSM900

Caution: In case you use a spectrum analyser make sure that the external attenuation (20 - 30dB) between phone and spectrum analyser is high enough that the input of the analyser can’t be destroyed. Adjust the reference level offset according to the insertion loss from the phone to the spectrum analyser.

PC/Phone operation:

Set operating mode to local mode

Select Tuning Alt-u

TX IQ Tuning I

Wait until the TX IQ Tuning window pops up.

Select Testing Alt-s

RF Controls R

Wait until the RF Controls window pops up.

Connect a Spectrum Analyzer or GSM tester with the option *Narrow Spectrum' to the RF connector of the phone.

If a spectrum analyzer is used then use the following settings.

Table 4:

EGSM900

Center Frequency 897.4 MHz

Frequency Span 200 kHz

Resolution Bandwidth 3kHz

Video Bandwidth 3kHz

Sweep Time 3 sec.

Sweep Type Clear/Write

Detector Type Max Peak

Reference level 35 dBm

Marker 1 897.33229 MHz

Marker 2 897.4 MHz

Marker 3 897.46771 MHz

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Select in the RF Controls Window:

Select Band GSM900

Active Unit TX

Operation Mode Burst

RX/TX Channel 37

TX PA Mode Free

TX Data Type All1

Press Start

The following window pops up:

Select again in the RF Controls Window:

Select TX Power Level 5

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The setup should now look like this:

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The Spectrum Analyzer now shows a plot like this:

The purpose of this tuning is to tune the carrier signal and the +67kHz signal to a minimum level (Marker 2 and 3).

Use the variables 'TX I DC offset' and 'TX Q DC offset' to adjust the carrier signal to a minimum level (Marker 2).

After tuning to the minimum the level difference between the peak levels at marker 1 and 2 must exceed 40dB.

Tuning is possible by using arrow keys on the keyboard. Pushing the sliders by using the mouse is less sensitive but even possible.

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The Spectrum Analyzer now shows a plot like this:

Use the variables 'Amplitude difference' and 'Phase difference' to adjust the +67kHz signal to a minimum level (Marker 3). After tuning to the minimum the level difference between the peak levels at marker 1 and 3 must exceed 40dB. Tuning is possible by using arrow keys on the keyboard. Pushing the sliders by using the mouse is less sensitive but even possible.

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The Spectrum Analyzer now shows a plot like this:

Select again in the RF Controls Window:

Select “Save and Continue”

Press Stop and the values are stored in the phone.

The EGSM TX IQ Tuning is now finished and tuning continues in the DCS1800 band.

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DCS1800

If a spectrum analyzer is used then use the following settings.

Table 5:

DCS1800

Center Frequency 1880 MHz

Frequency Span 200 kHz

Resolution Bandwidth 3 kHz

Video Bandwidth 3 kHz

Sweep Time 3 sec.

Sweep Type Clear/Write

Detector Type Max Peak

Reference level 35 dBm

Marker 1 1747.73229 MHz

Marker 2 1747.8 MHz

Marker 3 1747.86771 MHz

The following window pops up:

Select in the RF Controls Window:

Select TX Power Level 0

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The setup should now look like this:

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The Spectrum Analyzer now shows a plot like this:

The purpose of this tuning is to tune the carrier signal and the +67kHz signal to a minimum level (Marker 2 and 3).

Use the variables 'TX I DC offset' and 'TX Q DC offset' to adjust the carrier signal to a minimum level (Marker 2).

After tuning to the minimum the level difference between the peak levels at marker 1 and 2 must exceed 40dB.

Tuning is possible by using arrow keys on the keyboard. Pushing the sliders by using the mouse is less sensitive but even possible.

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The Spectrum Analyzer now shows a plot like this:

Use the variables ‘Amplitude difference’ and Phase difference’ to adjust the +67KHz signal to a minimum level (Marker 3). After tuning to the minimum the level difference between the peak levels at marker 1 and 3 must exceed 40dB, Tuning is possible by using arrow keys on the keyboard. Pushing the sliders by using the mouse is less sensitive but even possible’

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The Spectrum Analyzer now shows a plot like this:

Press “Save and Continue” and the following window pops up:

Now the TX IQ tuning has been finished.

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Note: the optimal values for “TX I and Q Offset” and “Amplitude and Phase Difference” vary from phone to phone.

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TX power tuning

This tuning must be done in both bands.

Note: TX Power tuning must be done with a peak power meter, e.g. Anritsu model ML2408A with Anritsu Peak Power Sensor MA2442A and a suitable attenuator. Tuning can also be done with a spectrum analyzer.

The use of power meter in GSM testers is likely to cause larger error than the use of a dedicated power meter and might cause the phone to be non-compliant with GSM specifications.

Connect a calibrated power meter to the RF connector of the phone.

Select Testing Alt-S

RF controls R

Select Tuning Alt-u

TX Power Level Tuning L

Select Band GSM900

Active Unit TX

Press Start and the following window pops up:

If you are using a spectrum analyser, make the necessary settings. Press OK to continue.

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The setup should now look like this:

If you are using a spectrum analyzer, adjust the marker to the highest peak to see the power level.

Tune Base level to –30 dBm.

Adjust DAC Values for Power Level 5 (32.5 dBm), 15 (13 dBm) and 19 (5 dBm) according to Target values. The Power levels may differ from Phoenix mentioned target power levels.

Press “Save and Continue” and the tuning continues with DCS1800 power level tuning.

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The following window pops up:

If you are using a spectrum analyzer, make the necessary settings. Press OK to continue. The setup should now look like this:

Tune Base level to -28dBm.

Adjust DAC Values for Power Level 0 (29.9dBm), 11 (8.6dBm) and 15 (1.5dBm). The Power

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levels may differ from target power levels mentioned in Phoenix.

Press “Save and Continue” and TX Power Level Tuning is finished.

Auto-Tune with Phoenix

Automatic tuning for RH-29 RF parameters is possible. Auto-Tune tunes all RF parameters for both of the bands.

Needed equipment

• PC running Nokia Phoenix SW

• Test jig MJ-21

• Power source

• Cables: RF-cables for measurements and GPIB-cable(s) to control test equipment

Set Loss

• R&S CMU200

OR one TX- and one RX-equipment and RF-splitter:

TX:

• Agilent E4406 (VSA series transmitter tester)

• Agilent E4445 (PSA series transmitter tester)

• Rohde&Schwarz, FSE-family of Signal Analyzers

• Rohde&Schwarz, FSIQ-family of Signal Analyzers

RX:

• Agilent ESG family of RF Signal Generators

• Rohde&Schwarz, SME-family of Signal Generators

Path losses caused by test jig MJ-21 and RF-cables must be set correctly before tuning. To be able to change these values, there have to be some phone connected to Phoenix. Select right connection type from Phoenix and set operating mode to local mode.

Select File Alt-F

Scan Product P

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Wait until phone information is shown in the lower right corner of the screen.

Now you can change values for path losses and select right jig for the prouct.

Select Tuning Alt-u

Set Loss o

Set losses for RF-cables as shown in figure below:

Figure 16: Set loss for RF-cable(s)

Select used test jig (MJ-21) for the product, from the “Product” menu. If MJ-21 is not there, you have to add it. See figure below:

Figure 17: Add jig for the product

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Set losses for the jig as shown in figure below:

Figure 18: Set loss for test jig

Tuning

Connect the test jig MJ-21 to PC and to measurement equipment (if you are using R&S CMU200, use RF2-port). Connect the engine board to jig, turn power on. Run Phoenix. Select right connection type from Phoenix and set operating mode to local mode.

Select File Alt-F

Scan Product P

Wait until phone information is shown in the lower right corner of the screen.

Check that there is right jig selected and losses set correctly, as described previously.

Start auto-tune

Select Tuning Alt-u

Auto-Tune A

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See figure below:

Figure 19: Auto-Tune

Wait until Auto-Tune starts properly, that is “Tune”-button becomes active.

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Press “Tune”, and Phoenix will do all the tunings, both TX and RX. That will take about a couple of minutes. If autotuning can be made successfully, you will see following message:

Figure 20: Autotuning done

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Press “OK”, and you’ll see the tuning results, as in figure below:

Figure 21: Results of Auto-Tune

Tunings are now done.

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Nokia N-GageQD Service Manual 6b rh29 rf troubleshooting

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

6b - RF Troubleshooting

RF Troubleshooting

Abbreviations in troubleshooting charts

Introduction

RF Key component placement

RF measurement points

RF supply points

Measurement points in the receiver

Measurement points in the transmitter

Receiver

General instructions for RX troubleshooting

Measuring RX I/Q signals using RSSI reading

Measuring RX performance using SNR measurement

Measuring front end power levels using spectrum analyzer

Receiver troubleshooting

GSM900 Transmitter

General instructions for GSM900 TX troubleshooting

TX Path of the transmitted GSM900 signal

GSM900 TX path of Mjoelner RF ASIC

GSM900 TX path of the Power Amplifier (PA)

Antenna Switch (TX/RX switch)

900 Tx troubleshooting flowchart

GSM1800 Transmitter

General instructions for GSM1800 TX troubleshooting

DCS1800 Tx troubleshooting flowchart

Path of the transmitted 1800 signal

The path of Mjoelner RF ASIC

The path of the PA

Antenna Switch

Troubleshooting chart for GSM1800 transmitter

RH-29 Synthesizer

General instructions for synthesizer troubleshooting

26 MHz reference oscillator (VCXO)

troubleshooting chart for PLL Synthesizer

PLL power supply

Loop Filter

VCO and power supply

26MHz Bluetooth buffer

Antenna

Instructions for antenna troubleshooting

Phoenix Tuning

RF tuning after repairs

RX channel select filter calibration

RX calibration (incl. VCXO Calibration)

EGSM900 and DCS1800

RX AGC limits

RX band filter response compensation

EGSM900 and DCS1800

TX I/Q tuning

EGSM900

DCS1800

TX power tuning

Auto-Tune with Phoenix

Set Loss

Tuning