Nokia 6015 Service Manual 09RH55rf

Nokia Customer Care

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55),

6012 (RM-20) Series Transceivers

Troubleshooting - RF

Issue 1 - Revision 002 09/2004 Company Confidential ©2004 Nokia Corporation

6015/6015i/6016i/6019i (RH-55), 6012 (RM-20)
Troubleshooting - RF Nokia Customer Care

Contents Page

RF Troubleshooting......................................................................................................................................... 5

Phone Components .....................................................................................................................................6

General Troubleshooting ...........................................................................................................................8

TX Power Low............................................................................................................................................. 8

Receiver Not Working Properly............................................................................................................. 8

Phone Cannot Make a Call..................................................................................................................... 8

Transmitter Parts .........................................................................................................................................9

Cell Transmitter Block Diagram......................................................................................................... 10

Transmitter Schematics ...........................................................................................................................11

Transmitter Troubleshooting Setup ......................................................................................................13

AMPS TX Setup....................................................................................................................................... 13

Cell TX Setup........................................................................................................................................... 14

PCS TX Setup........................................................................................................................................... 16

Transmitter Troubleshooting ..................................................................................................................17

Failed Test: TX PA Detector................................................................................................................. 18

TX DC Probe Points................................................................................................................................ 19

TX RF Probe Points................................................................................................................................. 21

Receiver Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................................22

Receiver Schematics ............................................................................................................................. 24

RF AGC Status......................................................................................................................................... 26

Turning on the RX Path........................................................................................................................ 27

Switching the RX Gain States............................................................................................................ 29

Cell Receiver Check from RF to IQ.................................................................................................... 29

PCS Receiver Check from RF to IQ.................................................................................................... 31

AMPS Receiver Check from RF to IQ................................................................................................ 32

Receiver Diagnostic Signal Tracing................................................................................................... 34

Receiver IF RF.......................................................................................................................................... 34

Receiver IF................................................................................................................................................ 35

Receiver DC.............................................................................................................................................. 37

Receiver Logic Input Voltages............................................................................................................ 38

Alfred (N750) Receiver Troubleshooting .............................................................................................39

Alfred DC Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................. 39

Synthesizer Troubleshooting ..................................................................................................................40

Incorrect PLL Frequencies.................................................................................................................... 40

Synthesizer Block Diagram ................................................................................................................. 41

Synthesizer Schematic ......................................................................................................................... 43

19.2 MHZ VCTCXO Reference Clock .....................................................................................................44

Measuring the AFC Voltage................................................................................................................ 45

VCTCXO Manual Tuning....................................................................................................................... 46

VCTCXO and UHF Synthesizer Probe Points .......................................................................................49

UHF Synthesizer Troubleshooting .........................................................................................................50

UHF Synthesizer Schematic................................................................................................................ 52

PCS UHF LO Channel 600 Spectrum................................................................................................. 53

Cell UHF LO Channel 384 Spectrum................................................................................................. 53

RX VHF LO ....................................................................................................................................................54

RX VHF LO (Batman) Schematic........................................................................................................ 55

TX UHF LO ....................................................................................................................................................56

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TX UHF LO Schematic ........................................................................................................................... 57

UHF PCS TX LO Spectrum .................................................................................................................... 59

UHF Cell TX LO Spectrum .................................................................................................................... 60

GPS RF Troubleshooting ..........................................................................................................................61

GPS Schematic........................................................................................................................................ 62

GPS RF General Testing ............................................................................................................................63

Self Test Failure...................................................................................................................................... 64

Oscillator Failure.................................................................................................................................... 64

CW Test Failure....................................................................................................................................... 64

GPS RF Probing ..........................................................................................................................................66

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RF Troubleshooting

When troubleshooting the receiver, first check the RX_AGC PDM value. The AGC value
should be close to the typical values (see "RF AGC Status" on page 26). The RX AGC tries
to keep a constant amplitude at the output of the receiver chain; if the AGC value
indicates an AGC gain that is substantially higher than normal, the AGC is compensating
for extra loss in another component. If the AGC PDM values are normal and there is still
a problem, check the actual AGC voltages. RF probing at specific locations in the chain
can then help to pinpoint the source of the problem.

Likewise, when troubleshooting the transmitter, first check the measured output power
and AGC values, which give an indication of where to start probing. Although probing
points and signal-level information are given for each point in the receiver and
transmitter chains, the troubleshooter is not expected to probe each point on every
phone — only the suspected trouble spots.

Absolute power measurements were made with an Agilent (HP) 85024A active high­impedance probe. Other probes can be used (but should be high-impedance so that the
measurement does not load the circuit) but may very well have a different gain;
therefore, adjust the absolute measurements accordingly. Also, adjust if using a probe
attenuator.

Where a range is given for loss, typically the higher loss occurs at the band edges.
Probing is not a very accurate method to measure absolute power; therefore, you cannot
expect measured results to exactly match the numbers listed here.

Power depends on the impedance of the circuit. For example, if a filter has a nominal loss
of 5 dB, then straightforward probing on the input and output, then subtracting, might
not result in 5 dB because the input impedance might be different from the output
impedance. Most components in the RF section have the same input and output
impedance (50 ohms), but where this is not the case, absolute power is noted in the
tables in dBm, rather than loss or gain in dB.

When testing the CDMA receiver, it is easier to inject a CW tone into the receiver. The
gains and losses are the same for a CW signal as for CDMA.

Note: After opening the shield lids, always replace them with new lids.

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Phone Components

Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the main components of the 6015/6015i/6016i/6019i, and

6012.

Cell RF connector

GPS RF Connector

GND

VBATT

BSI

Flash

SRAM

UPP

BB Connector

UI LEDs

UEM

Figure 1: Component layout (bottom)

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Audio ASIP

HS jack pads

Battery connector

PCS duplexer

Diplexer

Cell duplexer

PWR detector

Cell PW amp

Cell antenna pads HF speaker pads

Power switch

GPS shield

GPS CER filter

GPS antenna pads

GPS SAW filter

GPS LNA

GPS BB IC

GPS RF IC

GPS TCXO

SAW filter

LNA Alfred

SAW filter

VCTCXO

PCS PW amp

Jupiter RF TX

TX shield

RUIM connectors

Antenna
ground clip

Mic pads

UHF VCO

PLL synthesizer

RX shields

Batman RF RX

BI-DIR diode

ESD filter

Vibra pad

SM fuse

System
connector

diode

DC padsBI-DIR

Figure 2: Component layout (top)

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General Troubleshooting

Use the following steps to troubleshoot some common issues, such as low transmitter
power, a faulty receiver, or a phone that cannot make a call.

TX Power Low

If TX power is low, use Phoenix to turn on the transmitter in Local Mode and check the
following:

1. Perform a visual inspection of the PWB under a microscope to check for the
proper placement, rotation, and soldering of components.

2. Look for the presence of a CDMA modulated signal on a spectrum analyzer at the
correct frequency.

• If a signal is present but off-frequency or distorted, check the synthesizer.

Most likely, one of the synthesizers is not locked or the VCO has no output
signal.

• If a signal is not present, or present but low in amplitude, use check the

probing diagrams to determine where in the chain the fault occurs.

3. Check that the AGC PDMs are set for the desired TX power and ensure the AGC
voltages are correct.

4. Check the synthesizers for proper frequency and amplitude.

5. Ensure that the power supplies to the transmitter have the correct voltage.

Receiver Not Working Properly

If the receiver is not working properly, turn it on in Local Mode and check the following:

1. Turn on receiver with Phoenix and inject a signal.

2. Check the AGC PDM.

3. Perform a visual inspection of the PWB under a microscope to check for the
proper placement, rotation, and soldering of components.

4. Measure signal levels at various points in the chain and determine where in the
chain the fault lies.

5. Check the LOs for proper frequency and amplitude.

6. Ensure power supplies to receiver have correct voltage.

Phone Cannot Make a Call

Verify the following if the phone cannot make a call:

1. The phone is in Normal Mode (i.e., the phone is searching for a signal, net server
is on).

2. The Preferred Roaming List (PRL) is loaded into the phone.

3. The phone is tuned and has passed tuning. (Read the tuning parameters using the
batch tune component in Phoenix; an untuned phone has all zeros in the tuning
file.)

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4. The call box channel is set for a channel in PRL.

5. The SID is correct and entered into the phone.

6. The VCTCXO is centered as described in the VCTCXO tuning description on
page 49.

7. The transmitter and receiver are working properly in Local Mode.

Transmitter Parts

Following are the transmitter RF parts.

PCS PAPCS duplexer

PCS
coupler

PCS TX SAW filter

Diplexer

Cell
coupler

Cell
duplexer

Power detector

Cell PA

Figure 3: Transmitter parts

Cell TX SAW filter Jupiter TX IC

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Cell Transmitter Block Diagram

Following is the block diagram for the TX system.

Figure 4: TX system block diagram

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Transmitter Schematics

The following schematics are for general reference only. See the Schematics chapter for detailed versions.

Jupiter TX IC

TX LO lock voltage

Cell TX filter

PCS TX filter

Loop filter

Figure 5: Transmitter schematic 1

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PCS PA

PCS duplexer

Diplexer

Power detector

Couplers

Cell PA

Cell duplexer

Figure 6: Transmitter schematic 2

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Transmitter Troubleshooting Setup

Use the following sections to set up troubleshooting in Phoenix according to the band
you are using:

• "AMPS TX Setup"

• "Cell TX Setup"

• "PCS TX Setup"

AMPS TX Setup

Use the following procedures to prepare for AMPS TX troubleshooting using Phoenix.

1. Connect RF test connector to a call box.

2. Connect the phone to a PC via the bottom connector, and connect a power
supply.

3. Open the Troubleshooting menu, and click Phone Control.

The Phone Control dialog box appears.

4. On the Phone Control dialog box, click the LOCAL button in the Phone State
area to put the phone into Local Mode.

Figure 7: Phone Control dialog box

5. Open the Troubleshooting menu, point to AMPS, and click AMPS Control.

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The AMPS Control dialog box appears.

6. Click the Tx Control tab.

7. In the Set Channel field, type 384.

8. In the Power Level field, type 2.

9. Select the Transmitter ON option, and click Execute.

10. Configure the spectrum analyzer using the following values:

Cell TX Setup

Use the following procedures to prepare for Cell TX troubleshooting using Phoenix.

1. On the Phone Control dialog box, click the LOCAL button in the Phone State

Figure 8: AMPS Control dialog box

• Center Frequency = 836.52 MHz

• Span = 100 MHz

• Amplitude = 20 dBm

• Attenuation = Auto

• BW = Auto

area to put the phone into Local Mode. (See Figure 7 on page 13.)

2. Open the Troubleshooting menu, point to RF, and click RF Main Mode.

The RF Main Mode dialog box appears.

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3. Select the following values on the RF Main Mode dialog box:

• Band = Cell (CDMA)

• Channel = 384

• Mode = Rx/Tx

Figure 9: RF Main Mode dialog box

4. Click Set.

Note: Be sure that the “RF Main Mode set successfully” message appears in the status bar.

5. Open the Troubleshooting menu, point to RF, and click CDMA Control.

The CDMA Control dialog box appears.

Figure 10: CDMA Control dialog box for Cell TX troubleshooting

6. Select the following values on the CDMA Control dialog box.

• State = Rho ON

• Band = Cell

• Radio Configuration = Mode 1: IS-95 Voice

• Select the Set default PDM values check box.

7. Click Execute.

8. Open the Troubleshooting menu, point to RF, and click PDM Control.

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The RF PDM Control dialog box appears.

9. Click Read Phone to update the values.

10. Configure the spectrum analyzer using the following values:

PCS TX Setup

Use the following procedures to prepare for PCS TX troubleshooting using Phoenix.

1. Open the Troubleshooting menu, and point to Phone Control.

2. Click the LOCAL button in the Phone State area to put the phone into Local

3. Open the Troubleshooting menu, point to RF, and click RF Main Mode.

Figure 11: RF PDM Control dialog box for Cell troubleshooting

• Center Frequency = 836.52 MHz

• Span = 100 MHz

• Amplitude = 20 dBm

• Attenuation = Auto

• BW = Auto

The Phone Control dialog box appears.

Mode. (See Figure 7 on page 13.)

The RF Main Mode dialog box appears. (See Figure 9 on page 15.)

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4. Select the following values on the RF Main Mode dialog box:

• Band = PCS (CDMA)

• Channel = 600

• Mode = Rx/Tx

5. Click Set.

Note: Be sure that the “RF Main Mode set successfully” message appears in the status bar.

6. Open the Troubleshooting menu, point to RF, and click CDMA Control.

The CDMA Control dialog box appears. (See Figure 10 on page 15.)

7. Select the following values on the CDMA Control dialog box.

• State = Rho ON

• Band = PCS

• Radio Configuration = Mode 1: IS-95 Voice

• Select the Set default PDM values check box.

8. Click Execute.

9. Open the Troubleshooting menu, point to RF, and click PDM Control.

The RF PDM Control dialog box appears. (See Figure 11 on page 16.)

10. Click Read Phone to update the values.

11. Configure the spectrum analyzer using the following values:

• Center Frequency = 1880 MHz

• Span = 100 MHz

• Amplitude = 20 dBm

• Attenuation = Auto

• BW = Auto

Transmitter Troubleshooting

After Phoenix is set up using either the AMPS, Cell, or PCS setup procedures, use the
following steps to troubleshoot the transmitter.

1. Use a voltmeter to verify that the VR2, VR6, and VR1B are on the transmit
system. (See Figure 13 on page 19 and Figure 14 on page 20).

• If any are missing, look for SMD problems around Jupiter and the UEM.

• If the SMD is good, replace the UEM.

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2. If all DC voltages are present, check the AGC control voltages. (See Figure 13 on
page 19).

• If the voltages are incorrect, check the SMDs around the TX_AGC1 and

TX_AGC2 lines.

• If SMDs are all good, replace the UPP.

3. Using an oscilloscope, look at the input modulation waveforms on R603, R604,
R605, and R606. They should all be present with an AC swing of about 500 mVpp
and a +1.2 V offset.

• If one or more waveforms are missing, look for SMD problems around these

resistors.

• If the SMD is good, replace the UEM.

4. Probe the Cell TX output of Jupiter using AAS-10 type RF probe.

5. Use the spectrum analyzer to probe the RF center frequency (see the "AMPS TX
Setup", "Cell TX Setup", or "PCS TX Setup" section for the correct spectrum
analyzer settings).

• If there is no RF or low RF, look for faulty SMD around the Jupiter chip.

• If the SMD is good, replace the Jupiter chip.

6. Probe the PA input. If level is low, look for an SMD issue on the TX filter. Reflow
or replace the filter as necessary.

7. Probe the PA output. If the RF is missing or low, look for Vbatt voltages and SMD
issues on and around the PA. If these voltages are good, replace the PA.

8. Probe the duplexer output. If the RF is missing or low, reflow or replace the
duplexer.

9. Probe the coupler output. If the RF is missing or low, reflow or replace the
coupler.

10. Probe the diplexer output. If the RF is missing or low, reflow or replace the
diplexer.

Failed Test: TX PA Detector

1. Use Phoenix to set the phone in Local Mode, and activate the TX with default
output power. The output power at the RF test connector should read
9 dBm +/- 4 dB.

2. Use a voltmeter on DC, and probe the detector output at C813. The voltmeter
should read approximately 1.4 V. If not, replace the detector (N803).

See Figure 13 on page 19 for test point location and common power and voltage
variations.

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Good output

Figure 12: The output of the phone on a spectrum analyzer should look like the figure on the left

Bad output

If using the AAS-10 probe with the phone connected to the call box, the amplitude
should be approximately -7 dBm at the antenna test point on the top of the PWB.

TX DC Probe Points

Following are the transmitter DC probe points on the top side of the PWB. See Table 1 on
page 20 for test point descriptions and values.

1

2

4

3

5

6

7

8

10 9

Figure 13: Top side TX DC test points

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11

16

12

13

Figure 14: Bottom side TX DC probe points

14

15

Table 1 shows the TX DC probe points for the bottom and top sides of the PWB.

Table 1: TX DC Probe Points

Test Point Description Value

1 Power detector VR2 2.76V

2 Vbatt PCS*

3 AGC 2 0.1 to 1.8V

4 AGC 1 0.1 to 1.8V

5 TX IQ IN

TX IQ IN with oscilloscope

6VR6 2.8V

7VR1B 4.8V

8 TX UHF LO lock voltage 1.2V

9 Vbatt Cell*

10 Power detector output PCS:

11 V re fR F 1 1 .4 5 V

Approximately 1. 2V
Approximately 500 mV p-p

1.9V at <5dBm

1.6V at 15dBm

0.8V at 25dBm
Cell:

1.9V at <5dBm

1.7V at 15dBm

1.3V at 25dBm

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Table 1: TX DC Probe Points (Continued)

Test Point Description Value

12 VR6 2.78V

13 VR1B 4.7V

14 VR2 2.78V

15 Vbatt* 3.2 to 4.7V

16 TX detector out Approximately 1.5V

Note: Vbatt also appears at the outputs of the PAs.

TX RF Probe Points

Following are the TX RF probe points.

21

3

4

14
13
12

11
10

89

Figure 15: TX RF test points

7

Table 2 includes the values from the test points in Figure 15. The PCS frequency is at
1880 MHz, and the Cell/AMPS frequency is at 836.25 MHz.

Table 2: TX RF Probe Points

Test Point Description Value

5

6

1 PCS duplexer out -2 dBm

2 PCS PA out -2 dBm

3 PCS PA in -23 dBm

4 PCS Jupiter out -22 dBm

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Table 2: TX RF Probe Points (Continued)

Test Point Description Value

5 TX IQ in with oscilloscope Approximately 500 mV p-p

with +1.2 V offset

6 TX UHF LO PCS: 3760 MHz, -54 dBm

Cell: 3346.08 MHz, -57 dBm

7 Jupiter out Cell: -15 dBm

AMPS: -6 dBm

8 PA in Cell: -15 dBm

AMPS: -7 dBm

9 PA out Cell: +11 dBm

AMPS: +22 dBm

10 Duplexer out Cell: +10 dBm

AMPS: +20 dBm

11 Power detector in PCS: -17 dBm

12 Coupler out Cell: +8 dBm

13 Diplexer out PCS: -2 dBm

14 PCS coupler out -1 dBm

Receiver Troubleshooting

The primary component of the receiver is the Alfred Rx IC. This Rx IC contains two LNAs
and mixers. The other components are passive. There are two RF SAW filters for the Cell
and PCS bands. In addition, there are two IF filters, an IF SAW for CDMA and an IC
Crystal for AMPS. The back-end of the receiver consists of the Batman IC. The VGA and
IQ demodulator are the main functions.

Following is the RX system block diagram.

Cell: -8 dBm
AMPS: +3 dBm

AMPS: +18 dBm

Cell: +10 dBm
AMPS: +19 dBm

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PCS RF FILTER

PCS DUPLEX FILTER

DIPLEX FILTER

CELL DUPLEX FILTER

UHF
VCO

PCS

LNA

Alfred Rx IC Batman Rx Down-converter

Cell
LNA

CELL RF FILTER

LOA

PCS
RFA

Cell

RFA

AMPS

CDMA

Figure 16: Receiver system block diagram

AMPS

IF

FILTER

CDMA

IF

FILTER

VGA

IQ

DEMOD

ADC

I

BBFIL/BBAMP

Q

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Receiver Schematics

The following schematics are for general reference only. See the Schematics chapter for detailed versions.

Cell RF SAW filter

PC RF SAW filter

AMPS IF crystal filter

Alfred RX
front-end IC

Figure 17: Receiver schematic 1

CDMA IF SAW filter

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Loop filter

RX LO lock voltage

1.2 to 1.7 Vdc

Batman RX downconverter

Figure 18: Receiver schematic 2

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RF AGC Status

Figure 19 shows the RF AGC Status dialog box. When configuring the values on this
dialog box, note the following:

• The RF AGC status functionality only works in Call Mode.

•In the PLL Lock Status area, bright green indicates a locked PLL and dark green
indicates an unlocked PLL.

•In the Baseband Type field, ensure that the correct baseband is selected (BB 4.0).

• Clicking the Update Once Per Second button allows you to toggle between the
Update Once Per Second and Stop Updating functions.

AFC PDM settings

LNA Gain (High[Boost for PCS]/Low)

PA AGC PDM settings

Figure 19: RF AGC Status dialog box

RX IF AGC PDM settings

TX AGC 2 PDM settings

BBAMP Gain Settings

TX AGC 1 PDM settings

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Turning on the RX Path

Use the following steps to turn on the RX path using Phoenix.

1. Turn on Receiver Only in CDMA mode.

2. On the Phone Control dialog box, click the LOCAL button in the Phone State
area to put the phone into Local Mode.

Figure 20: Phone Control dialog box

3. Click Execute.

4. Depending on the mode of phone you have, use the settings from Table 3 on the

RF Main Mode dialog box.

Table 3: RF Main Mode Dialog Box Settings

Band Mode Channel

Cell RX = 881.52 MHz 384

AMPS RX = 881.52 MHz 384

PCS RX = 1960 MHz 600

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Figure 21: RF Main Mode dialog box for Cell (top), AMPS (middle), and PCS (bottom)

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Switching the RX Gain States

Use the RF Gen I/O dialog box to switch the gain state (Hi and Lo) for CDMA and AMPS
modes. Select the desired state, and click Refresh.

High Gain State (default)

Cell

AMPS

Low Gain State

PCS

Figure 22: RF Gen I/O dialog box

Cell Receiver Check from RF to IQ

Use the following values to check the CDMA Cell RX functionality from RF to IQ output.

1. Start Phoenix in Local Mode with only the RX path turned on.

2. Inject a –75dBm CW signal of 881.82MHz (i.e. 300kHz offset from 881.52MHz or
10 channels away).

3. Measure a 300kHz tuning on the analyzer. You should see a typical -21dBm IQ
tuning for CDMA Cell.

CDMA

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Cell I Q Output

dBm
0

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60

-70

-80

Trace A

1

Trace A
302 kHz

1

-21.2500 dB

-90

-100
Centre: 300 kHz Span: 200 kHzAtten: 10 dB

Res BW: 3 kHz Vid BW: 3 kHz Sweep: 100 ms
5/5/2004 3:29:30 PM HP8595ECellIQ.spt

Figure 23: Receiver IQ level on CDMA Cell band

Figure 24 shows the Cell spectrum with an inject tone at -75dBm, as well as the IQ
output test points. Note that DC is present on the IQ output test points, and all test
points should be approximately equal.

RX_IP RX_QPRX_IN RX_QN

Figure 24: Cell spectrum (left) and IQ output test points (right)

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PCS Receiver Check from RF to IQ

Use the following values to check the PCS receiver functionality from RF to IQ output.

1. Start Phoenix in Local Mode with only the RX path turned on.

2. Inject a –75dBm CW signal of 1960.5MHz (i.e. 500kHz offset from 1960MHz or
10 channels away).

3. Measure a 500kHz tuning on the analyzer. You should see a typical -22dBm IQ
tuning. If the 300kHz tone works but the 500kHz tone does not, it is possible that
the BB filter was not set by Phoenix.

PCS I Q Output

dBm
0

-10

-20

-30

Trace A

2

Trace A
503 kHz

-22.4500 dB

2

-40

-50

-60

-70

-80

-90

-100
Centre: 500 kHz Span: 200 kHzAtten: 10 dB

Res BW: 3 kHz Vid BW: 3 kHz Sweep: 100 ms
5/5/2004 3:37:55 PM HP8595EPcsIQ.spt

Figure 25: Receiver IQ Level on PCS Band

Figure 25 shows the PCS spectrum with an inject tone at -75dBm, as well as the IQ
output test points. Note that DC is present on the IQ output test points, and all test
points should be approximately equal.

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RX_IP RX_QPRX_IN RX_QN

Figure 26: Cell spectrum (left) and IQ output test points (right)

AMPS Receiver Check from RF to IQ

Use the following steps to check the AMPS receiver functionality from RF to IQ output.

1. Start Phoenix in Local Mode with only the RX path turned on.

2. Inject a –75dBm CW signal of 881.53MHz (i.e., 10kHz offset from 881.52MHz)
into the RF.

3. Measure a 10kHz tone on the analyzer. You should see a typical -20Bm IQ
tuning for AMPS.

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Figure 27: Receiver IQ Level on AMPS band

Figure 28 shows the AMPS spectrum with an inject tone at -75dBm, as well as the IQ
output test points. Note that DC is present on the IQ output test points, and all test
points should be approximately equal.

RX_IP RX_QPRX_IN RX_QN

Figure 28: AMPS spectrum (left) and IQ output test points (right)

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Receiver Diagnostic Signal Tracing

Use the following steps to trace a receiver signal.

1. Inject an external signal source of –25dBm into the RF input. An Agilent call box
8960 is recommended.

2. Press the Call Setup button, press the Active Cell soft button, and select CW.

3. Inject a CW signal for PCS (1960MHz) or Cell/AMPS (881.52MHz) at a fixed
–25dBm power level.

Receiver IF RF

The test point measurements were taken using an AAS-10 probe. Signal levels are
approximate, and accuracy may be +/- 2dB or more, depending on the position of the
grounding probe.

CDMA IF
SAW filter

Alfred
RX FE IC

PCS RF
SAW filter

AMPS IF
crystal filter

1

7

6

Cell RF

5

4

Figure 29: Receiver RF troubleshooting test points

2

SAW filter

3

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Table 4 includes the descriptions and values for the RX RF troubleshooting test points
shown in Figure 29.

Table 4: Receiver RF Troubleshooting Values

Receiver IF

Test
Point

1 RX LO (from VCO) 1009.62MHz at -8 dBm

2 Cell Channel 384 (from duplexer) 881.52MHz at -31 dBm

3 Cell Channel 384 (to RF SAW) 881.52MHz at -20 dBm (HG)

4 PCS Channel 600 (from duplexer) 1960MHz at -40 dBm

5 PCS Channel 600 (to RF SAW) 1960MHz at -30 dBm (HG)

6 IF MIX OUT (from Alfred) 128.1MHz at -20 dBm (HG)

7 IFA IN (to Alfred) 128.1MHz at -15 dBm (HG)

Description Value

2088.1MHz at -14 dBm

881.52MHz at -36 dBm (LG)

1960MHz at -45 dBm (LG)

128.1MHz at -37 dBm (LG)

128.1MHz at -30 dBm (LG)

2

5

6

1

Figure 30: Receiver IF troubleshooting test points

4

3

7

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Table 5 includes the descriptions and values for RX IF troubleshooting test points shown
in Figure 30.

Table 5: Receiver IF Troubleshooting Values

Test
Point

1 CDMA IF (to SAW) 128.1 MHz Cell Channel 384 at -6 dBm (HG)

2 CDMA_IF_P (to Batman) 128.1 MHz Cell -18 dBm (HG)

3 AMPS IF (to MCF) 128.1MHz Cell Channel 384 at -17 dBm (HG)

4 AMPS_IF_N (to Batman) 128.1MHz Cell -23 dBm (HG)

5 CDMA_IF_N (to Batman) 128.1 MHz Cell -18 dBm (HG)

6 AMPS_IF_P (to Batman) 128.1MHz Cell -23 dBm (HG)

Description Value

Cell Channel 384 at -23 dBm (LG)
PCS Channel 600 at -6 dBm (HG)
PCS Channel 600 at -20 dBm (LG)

Cell -35 dBm (LG)
PCS -18 dBm (HG)
PCS -32 dBm (LG)

Cell Channel 384 at -34 dBm (LG)

Cell -41 dBm (LG)

Cell -35 dBm (LG)
PCS -18 dBm (HG)
PCS -32 dBm (LG)

Cell -41 dBm (LG)

7 RX LO 256.2 MHz; -60 dBm

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Receiver DC

1

5

Alfred RX FE IC

4

Figure 31: Receiver DC troubleshooting test points and RX front-end logic levels

6

2

7 8

3

Table 6 includes the descriptions and values for RX DC troubleshooting test points shown
in Figure 31.

Table 6: Receiver DC Troubleshooting Values

Test
Point

1 LO Vdd 2.59 VDC LO Amp Vdd supply lines for Cell and PCS

Description Value

2 RFA Vdd 2.76 VDC RF Amp Vdd supply line for Cell band

3 C_LNA Vdd 2.76 VDC External Vdd supply line for Cell LNA

4 P_LNA Vdd 2.76 VDC External Vdd supply line for PCS LNA

5 IFA Vdd 2.76 VDC IF Amp Vdd supply line for CDMA and AMPS IFs

6 IFA Vdd 2.76 VDC IF Amp Vdd supply line for CDMA and AMPS IFs

7 RX LO Lock Voltage 1.2 to 1.7 VDC

8 RX LO 256.2 MHz -60 dBm

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Receiver Logic Input Voltages

Following are the measure logic levels for the RX front end (N750). See Figure 22 on
page 29 for the manual selection of logic states using Phoenix.

2

31

Table 7 includes the logic level values for the RX front end.

Table 7: RX Front-end (N750) Logic Levels

Logic Input Voltages

Mode

IF_SEL BAND GAIN_CTL

Cell CDMA High Gain 0 V 0.1 V 2.75 V

Cell CDMA Low Gain 0 V 0.1 V 0 V

PCS CDMA High Gain 0 V 2.68 V 2.75 V

PCS CDMA Low Gain 0 V 2.68 V 0 V

AMPS High Gain 2.76 V 0.1 V 2.76 V

AMPS Low Gain 2.76 V 0.1 V 0 V

If the logic levels are significantly off (+/- 0.2 V), replace Alfred (N750) and re-measure.
If the voltages are still out of specifications, refer to the Baseband Troubleshooting
chapter.

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Alfred (N750) Receiver Troubleshooting

Keep the following under consideration when troubleshooting the Alfred (N750) receiver:

• There is a separate LNA for 800MHz (Cell and AMPS) and 1900MHz (PCS).

• There is a separate RFA (inside Alfred) for 800MHz (Cell and AMPS) and
1900MHz (PCS).

• After the RFA, there is a mixer and then the signals are separated by CDMA (Cell
and PCS) and AMPS.

For example, if there is no IF frequency (128.1MHz) check both Cell and PCS. If
there is only one at 128.1MHz (L753), ensure that IF_SEL is working. If it is, then
replace Alfred because of a bad RFA.

If Cell and AMPS are working but PCS is not, look at the band select line and the
PCS RF filter before replacing Alfred.

Alfred DC Troubleshooting

There are two common explanations for an Alfred failure consisting of high current in
Local Mode with just the RX turned on:

Cell

IFAs

LO
Buffer

Figure 32: N750 (Alfred) receiver

RFA

PCS
RFA

Cell
LNA

PCS
LNA

• No presence of an LO signal

• Input impedance drop is shorting out one of the DC supply pins to the chip

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IMPORTANT: You must check for both conditions before replacing Alfred. If you have
no LO signal, refer to "UHF Synthesizer Troubleshooting" on page 50. If you have a
significant supply voltage drop on one of the supply pins, then replace Alfred.

Table 8: Alfred Conditions and Supply Currents

Condition: Local Mode, Set
RX Only in RF Main Mode

Good phone 100mA

No UHF LO signal present 254mA

Pin 13 shorted 255mA

Synthesizer Troubleshooting

Faulty synthesizers can cause both RX and TX failures during tuning, in addition to the
VCTCXO tuning. However, it is recommended first to check for the presence of various LO
signals and their proper levels. The 19.2MHz reference clock is needed for the phone to
power up. Therefore, if everything fails, check for the presence of 19.2MHz. The level of

19.2MHz is also important because the UPP is very sensitive and can still pick up a very
weak 19.2MHz clock, which can result in the phone constantly resetting. See "19.2 MHZ
VCTCXO Reference Clock" on page 44 for more information.

The following synthesizers are used in the phone:

• Dual-band UHF:

• 1009.62 MHz for channel 384 in Cell and AMPS with separate LMX2310

PLL IC

Supply Current
(From Power Supply)

• 2088.1MHz for channel 600 in PCS with separate LMX2310 PLL IC

•TX UHF

• 3296.16 MHz ~ 3395.88 MHz for Cell and AMPS with PLL inside Jupiter IC

• 3700 MHz ~ 3819.9 MHz for PCS with PLL inside Jupiter IC

• RX VHF (256.2 MHz for Cell, AMPS, and PCS with PLL inside Batman IC

Incorrect PLL Frequencies

Following are possible causes for incorrect PLL frequencies:

• Incorrect power supplies to the PLL portion

• Control line to the VCO

• Loop filter or resonator components missing or incorrectly installed

• 19.2 MHz reference clock is missing or low

• Component failure (PLL IC, Batman, Jupiter, VCO, or VCTCXO)

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Synthesizer Block Diagram

Batman

Batman

RX VHF Synthesizer

RX VHF Synthesizer

1

Phase

RF_BUS_CLK

RF_BUS_CLK
RF_BUS_DATA

RF_BUS_DATA
RF_BUS_EN1X

RF_BUS_EN1X

2

Reference

Reference

Divider

Divider

Reference

Reference

Divider

Divider

Phase

Detector

Detector

9-Bit B

9-Bit B

Counter

Counter

LMX2310U

LMX2310U

UHF Synthesizer

UHF Synthesizer

Phase

Phase

Detector

Detector

5-Bit A

5-Bit A

Counter

Counter

Charge

Charge

Pump

Pump

Charge

Charge

Pump

Pump

2 mA

2 mA

Prescaler

Prescaler

32/33

32/33

4 mA

4 mA

Band

Band

sel

sel

Tank

Tank

RX VHF VCO

RX VHF VCO

UHF VCO

UHF VCO

UHF RX LO

UHF RX LO

3

ALFRED

ALFRED

PCS_Cell

PCS_Cell

Prescaler

Phase

Phase

Detector

Detector

Charge

Charge

Charge

Charge

Pump

Pump

Pump

Pump

VDD BUS

VDD BUS

Prescaler

32/33

32/33

5-Bit A

5-Bit A

Counter

Counter

AutoCAL

AutoCAL

SYNTH_LE

SYNTH_LE

1

AFC

AFC

UEM

UEM

VCTCXO

VCTCXO

19.2 MHz

19.2 MHz

UPP

UPP

13-Bit B

13-Bit B
Counter

Counter

JUPITER D1

JUPITER D1

UHF Synthesizer

UHF Synthesizer

R

R

counter

counter

LD

LD

Serial Control Logic&Registers

Serial Control Logic&Registers

B counter

B counter

Figure 33: Synthesizer block diagram

Table 9 includes the component values shown in Figure 33.

VCO_CAL

VCO_CAL

Prescaler

Prescaler

Charge

Charge

Pump

Pump

A counter

A counter

VDD PLL

VDD PLL

AMPS

AMPS

CDMA

CDMA

4

Table 9: Synthesizer Block Diagram Component Values

Item Description Value

1 VCTCXO 19.2MHz

2 UHF LO 1009.62MHz (Cell channel 384)

2088.1MHz (PCS channel 600)

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Table 9: Synthesizer Block Diagram Component Values (Continued)

Item Description Value

3 RX VHF LO 256.2MHz

4 TX UHF LO 3395.88MHz

3819.90MHz

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Synthesizer Schematic

The following schematic is for general reference only. See the Schematics chapter for detailed versions.

VCTCXO with AFC control

19.2MHz buffer not installed

VCO

UHF PLL IC

Loop filter

Figure 34: Synthesizer schematic

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Use the following steps to troubleshoot the synthesizer using Phoenix:

1. On the Phone Control dialog box, click the LOCAL button in the Phone State
area to put the phone into Local Mode.

Figure 35: Phone Control dialog box

2. Select the following values on the RF Main Mode dialog box:.

Table 10: RF Main Mode Dialog Box Settings

Synthesizer Band Mode Channel Notes

UHF

RX VHF RX One band is enough.

TX VHF Cell

Cell RX/TX 384 Allows for checking power to both RX and TX circuits.

PCS RX/TX 600

RX/TX 384

PCS

600

19.2 MHZ VCTCXO Reference Clock

The VCTCXO frequency is a 19.2MHz reference signal. Without 19.2MHz, the phone does
not power up. This signal goes to Batman, Jupiter, the UHF PLL, and also to the UPP. Use
a high impedance probe to check for the presence of the signal at the following points:

• F_REF_TX, clock reference to Jupiter, should be ~ -9 dBm

• F_REF_RX, clock reference to Batman, should be ~ -9 dBm

• CLK10M2_UPP, clock reference to UPP, should be ~ -9 dBm and ~2 dB less in the
other side on R517

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If you do not see the VCTCXO signal at any of these points, check to see if there is
voltage at the following points:

• VR3, main supply line for VCTCXO circuitry, should be 2.78VDC

• AFC voltage, should be between 1 and 3 V, and should be adjustable with the FC
slider on the RF PDM Control dialog box in Phoenix. If the AFC voltage is
missing, check the UEM.

Measuring the AFC Voltage

1. Measure the DC voltage at R502.

Figure 36: AFC voltage measurement location at R502

2. Open the RF PDM dialog box component in RF.

Figure 37: RF PDM dialog box for AFC measurement

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Typical voltages observed are as follows:

• AFC PDM[0] = 1.3V

• AFC PDM[-1024] = 0.8V

• AFC PDM[1023] = 2.5V

VCTCXO Manual Tuning

The VCTCXO can be manually tuned to verify when a phone is tuned incorrectly or if the
phone cannot make a call. To verify, monitor the RF signal at the output of the phone.

Use the following steps to set up a CW signal:

1. On the Phone Control dialog box, click the LOCAL button in the Phone State
area to put the phone into Local Mode.

Figure 38: Phone Control dialog box

2. Click the Execute button.

3. Open the Troubleshooting menu, point to AMPS, and click AMPS Control.

The AMPS Control dialog box appears.

4. Click the Tx Control tab, and type the following values:

• Channel = 384

• Power Level = 5

• Select the Transmitter On option.

5. Select the Rx RFI tab, make sure the AFC Control box is unchecked, and click
Execute.

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6. The next step depends on the type of measurement equipment you are using:

• Spectrum analyzer: Set the center frequency to 836.52MHz, set the span to

2MHz, and establish a marker at 836.52MHz.

• HP8960: Set the callbox System Type to AMPS, set the ACC channel to 384,

and use the Frequency Accuracy measurement to center the VCTCXO
(minimum Frequency Error).

7. Use the RF PDM value to adjust the AFC to center the VCTCXO. The tuning range
is approximately +/- 10kHz.

8. Adjust the AFC so that the output signal is within +/- 150Hz. If using the
spectrum analyzer, narrow the span to 1kHz or less.

Figure 39: RF PDM dialog box

9. If the VCTCXO does not tune, replace the UEM.

Adjust AFC to
center VCTCXO
manually

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Figure 40: TX output for Cell channel 384 at 25C

Figure 41: TX output for PCS channel 600 at 25C

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VCTCXO and UHF Synthesizer Probe Points

Figure 42 shows the VCTCXO probe points (alphabetic) and the UHF synthesizer probe
points (numeric).

1

2

3

A

B

C

D

Figure 42: VCTCXO and UHF synthesizer probe points

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Table 12 shows the values and description for the VCTCXO probe points in Figure 42.

Table 11: VCTCXO Probe Point Values and Descriptions

Probe
Point

A 19.2 MHz clocks: -9 dBm to UHF PLL

B CLK19M2_UPP to UPP

C F_REF_RX to Batman

D F_REF_TX to Jupiter

Description

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Table 11 shows the values and description for the UHF synthesizer probe points in
Figure 42.

Table 12: UHF Synthesizer Probe Point Values and Descriptions

Probe
Point

1VR3 2.8V

2 Lock voltage DC between 0.8 and 3.4V, S/B 1.2V at the

3 UHF LO PCS_CEL_LO input to

4 BAND_SEL_VCO Cell = 0 VDC

5 PCS_SEL_LO return to UHF PLL Cell = -11 dBm

6VR1A 4.8V

7VPLL 2.8V

8VR4 2.8V

9 AFC voltage DC between 1 and 3V

Description Values

center frequency

Cell channel 384: 1009.62MHz > -9dBm

Alfred

PCS channel 600: 2088.1MHz > -16dBm

PCS = 2.8 VDC

PCS = -18 dBm

1.3V for PDM 0

0.8V for PDM -1024

2.5 for PDM 1023

10 VR3 2.8V

UHF Synthesizer Troubleshooting

The UHF LO frequency varies with the channel. Use the following steps to troubleshoot
the UHF synthesizer using Phoenix.

1. Open the RF menu, and click Frequency Calculator.

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The Frequency Calculator dialog box appears.

Figure 43: Frequency Calculator dialog box for Cell (top) and PCS (bottom)

2. Check to see if the LO is locked. Set a channel and check the output of the UHF
LO at L502 within a very narrow span of 100KHz. The LO should be virtually
immobile.

3. Measure for nominal UHF LO signal levels using and RF probe. (See Figure 42 on
page 49 and Table 12, “UHF Synthesizer Probe Point Values and Descriptions,” on
page 50.)

4. If you do not see the presence of any LOs, check the DC voltages at the following
locations:

• VR1A (R503), the supply line for UHF_PLL_IC, should be 4.76 VDC

• VR4 (R510), supply line for VCO_IC, should be 2.76 VDC

5. Check lock voltage at C514, which should be between 1 and 3 V.

6. Check the RF return at R504.

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UHF Synthesizer Schematic

The following schematic is for general reference only. See the Schematics chapter for a detailed version.

UHF PLL IC

Dual-band

Lock voltage

VCO

Loop filter components

Figure 44: UHF synthesizer schematic

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PCS UHF LO Channel 600 Spectrum

Measure the signal purity of the UHF LO and check the spur level offset from the carrier.
Also, check the VCO, PLL IC, loop filter, and power supply decoupling.

Key observations:

• Clean and spur-free signal

• 30kHz offset -84dBc

• 50kHz offset -87dBc

• 60kHz offset -85dBc

• 90kHz offset -88dBc

Figure 45: PCS UHF LO channel 600 typical spectrum

Note: The view in Figure 45 maybe difficult to accomplish without a high impedance probe and a high
dynamic range spectrum analyzer.

Cell UHF LO Channel 384 Spectrum

Measure the signal purity of the UHF LO and check the spur level offset from the carrier.
Also, check the VCO, PLL IC, loop filter, and power supply decoupling.

Key observations:

• Clean and spur-free signal

• 30kHz offset -83dBc

• 50kHz offset -92dBc

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• 60kHz offset -91dBc

• 90kHz offset -91dBc

Following ar possible causes for an incorrect UHF frequency:

RX VHF LO

The RX VHF LO operates at a fixed frequency of 256.2MHz. It is the second LO for down­conversion to I and Q for baseband processing. Use the following guidelines when
troubleshooting:

• Monitor the probing point at C702 for the Batman LO. A locked and stable

• Monitor the control voltage at C715. The control voltage in a locked state should

Figure 46: Cell UHF LO channel 384 typical spectrum

256.2MHz with an amplitude of ~ –60dBm should be observed on the spectrum
analyzer (~ -2 dBm at C705 if using a high impedance probe).

be between 1.2 and 1.7 VDV for the proper operation of the Batman LO.

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RX VHF LO (Batman) Schematic

The following partial schematic is for general reference only. See the Schematics chapter for a detailed version.

Lock voltage

Loop filter components

PLL in Batman

Resonator

Figure 47: RX VHF LO (Batman) schematic (partial view)

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Figure 48 shows the RX VHF LO probe points.

1

2

Table 13 gives the description and values for the probe points as shown in Figure 48.

TX UHF LO

There are two fixed LOs: 3296.16~3395.88MHz for Cell band and 3700~3819.90MHz for
PCS band. This is the first LO for up-conversion. Monitor the control voltage at R601. At
this control voltage, the Jupiter LO is locked and should be between 1.2 and 1.8VDC.

3

Figure 48: RX VHF LO probe points

Table 13: RX VHF LO Probe Points

Probe
Point

1VR5 2.8V

2VR7 2.8V

3 RX LO lock voltage 1.2 to 1.7 VDC

4 RX LO 256.2 MHz, -60 dBm

Description Value

4

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TX UHF LO Schematic

The following partial schematic is for general reference only. See the Schematics chapter for a detailed version.

Lock voltage

Loop filter

Figure 49: TX UHF LO schematic (partial view)

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Figure 50 shows the TX UHF LO probe points.

1

2

3

4

Figure 50: TX UHF LO (Jupiter) probe points

Table 14 gives the description and values for the probe points as shown in Figure 50.

Table 14: TX UHF LO Probe Points

Probe
Point

1 Measure frequency by probing

2 VR6 2.8V

3 VCC_VCO 2.3 V

4 Lock voltage DC between 1.2 and 1.8 V

Description Value

PCS: 3760 MHz (channel 600) -54dBm

the top of the chip

Cell: 3346.08 MHz (channel 384) -57dBm

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UHF PCS TX LO Spectrum

Following is the UHF PCS TX LO (3700 ~3819.90)/2 MHz spectrum.

Key observations:

• The following reference spurs

• 50kHz offset -59dBc

Figure 51: UHF PCS TX LO (3700 ~3819.90)/2 MHz typical spectrum

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UHF Cell TX LO Spectrum

Following is the UHF Cell TX LO (3296 ~3395.88)/4 MHz Cell spectrum.

Key observations:

• The following reference spurs

• 30kHz offset -65dBc

Figure 52: UHF Cell TX LO (3296.16 ~3395.88)/4 MHz Cell typical spectrum

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GPS RF Troubleshooting

Following is the GPS RF block diagram.

Figure 53: GPS RF block diagram

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GPS Schematic

The following schematic is for general reference only. See the Schematics chapter for a detailed version.

GPS TCXO

GPS RF chip

RF input

2nd RF filter

1st RF filter

Figure 54: GPS RF schematic

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GPS RF General Testing

In radiated testing the CW level has to be higher because of the attenuation in
pad + cable + coupler. With a -20 dB pad, the signal level in the signal generator is
~ -110 dBm + cable attenuation + 20 dB + 18 dB. The CW analysis allows end-to-end
spectral purity to be assessed during manufacturing and development.

1. On the Phone Control dialog box, click the LOCAL button in the Phone State
area to put the phone into Local Mode.

Figure 55: Phone Control dialog box

2. Inject -110dBm tone at 1575.52 MHz at the GPS connector (X001) with a signal
generator or a call box.

CW tone

Figure 56: GPS antenna port

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3. Open the Troubleshooting menu, and click GPS Control.

The GPS Control dialog box appears.

4. Select GPS Quick Test in the Function area, and ensure that the Test Mode area
shows a value of Galvanic.

5. Click Execute.

Self Test Failure

If the test fails, repeat steps 1—5. If the test fails again, continue with the following self­test failure troubleshooting:

1. Verify the DC voltages at VRF_GPS and VIO_GPS.

2. Inspect all GPS circuit elements around D051.

3. If the elements pass a visual inspection, replace the D051.

Oscillator Failure

1. Inspect all GPS circuit elements around N001.

2. If the elements around N001 are okay, replace B002.

CW Test Failure

1. Check that the signal generator is on and sourcing a signal to the GPS RF input
port (X001).

Figure 57: GPS Control dialog box

2. Inspect all GPS RF circuit elements.

3. Inspect all GPS circuit elements around D051. If the elements are okay, replace
the GPS RF IC (N001).

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1

2

3

5

Figure 58: GPS testing area

4

Table 15 gives the description and values for the probe points as shown in Figure 58.

Table 15: GPS Test and DC Probe Point Values

Probe
Point

Description Value

1 LNS_Base 0.8V

2LNA Vcc 1.5V

3 TCXO Vcc 2.8V

4 VIO_GPS 1.8V

5 VRF_GPS 2.8V

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GPS RF Probing

Use the following steps for RF probing:

1. Open the Troubleshooting menu, and click GPS Control.

The GPS Control dialog box appears.

Figure 59: GPS Control dialog box

2. Select Simple Rx Actions in the Function area.

3. Select On in the Options area.

4. Click Execute.

5. Inject a -50 dBm tone at 1575.52 MHz into the GPS connector (X001) with a
signal generator or call box. (See Figure 56 on page 63.)

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6. Measure the probe points with either a voltmeter or an AAS_10B probe with a
spectrum analyzer set at a center frequency of 1575.25MHz and a span of
500kHz. (All points are 1575.52MHz, except for TCXO, which is at 16.368MHz.)

3

4

5

7

1

2

6

Figure 60: GPS RF probing points

GPS RFIC

8

GPS BBIC

Table 16 includes the values for the probing points in Figure 60.

Table 16: GPS RF Probing Point Values

Test
Point

Description Values

1 1st RF filter in -62 dBm

2 1st RF filter out -65 dBm

3 GPS LNA in -63 dBm

4 GPS LNA out -45 dBm

5 2nd RF filter in -46 dBm

6 2nd RF filter out -46 dBm

7 GPS TCXO out (16.368MHz) -3 dBm

8 GPS TCXO (16.368MHz) -8 dBm

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