Nikon D7100 user's Guide [ar]
ﺔﻴﻤﻗﺭ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻛ
ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ
Ar
ﺓﻮﺒﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺤﻣ
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻮﺘﺤﺗ ﺓﻮﺒﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺗ
BS-1 ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﻜﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﺀﺎﻄﻏ
DK-23 ﺔﻴﻃﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺍﻭ
D7100 ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻛ
(60 0) ﺔﺟﺭﺩ DK-5 ﺔﻳﺅﺮﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻄﻏ
ﺮﻴﻓﻮﺗ ﻢﺘﻳ) MH-25 ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﺣﺎﺷ
ﻂﺋﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺩﺮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻟﻮﻣ
ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻂﻘﻓ
ﻞﺑﺎﻛ ﻞﻜﺷ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳ .ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎﹰﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ
(.ﻊﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﻠﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟﺍ
UC-E6 ﺯﺍﺮﻃ USB ﻞﺑﺎﻛ
BF-1B ﻢﺴﺠﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻄﻏ
ﺓﺩﺎﻋﻹ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻡﻮﻴﺜﻴﻟ ﻥﻮﻳﺃ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺑ
EN-EL15 ﺯﺍﺮﻃ ﻦﺤﺸﻟﺍ
(ﻑﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻄﻏ ﻊﻣ)
(iv 0) AN-DC1 BK ﺔﺒﻗﺮﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺰﺣ
ViewNX 2 ﻁﻮﻐﻀﻣ ﺹﺮﻗ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻟﺍ
(ﻱﻭﺪﻳ ﺍﺬﻫ) ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ
ﺓﺮﻛﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﻉﺎﺒﺗ .ﺎﹰﻀﻳﺃ ﺔﺳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﻮﺒﻌﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﻮﺘﺣﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﺔﺳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻗﺎﻄﻟ ﻥﻭﺮﺘﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﺪﻛﺄﺘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﺠﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﺋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺎﺑﺎﻴﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺅﺍﺮﺷ ﻢﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ .(347 0) ﻞﺼﻔﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ
.ﻚﻟﺫ ﻦﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﻳ ﺪﻗ ﺝﺎﻋﺯﺇ ﻱﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺭﺬﺘﻌﻧ .ﺔﻣﻮﻋﺪﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺚﻴﺣ ؛ﻂﻘﻓ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺑﺎﻴﻟﺍﻭ
ﻚﺘﻣﻼﺳ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ
.(xxvi–xxi 0) "ﻚﺘﻣﻼﺳ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ" ﺏﺎﺑ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻣﻼﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﺃﺮﻗﺍ ،ﻰﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ
A
352
332
328
.......................................................... ﺱﺮﻬﻔﻟﺍ
0
................................................ ﺄﻄﺨﻟﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﺭ
0
.................................ﻪﺣﻼﺻﺍﻭ ﻞﻠﺨﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﺤﺗ
0
ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺜﻌﺗ ﻦﻳﺃ
:ﻲﻓ ﻙﺭﺎﺴﻔﺘﺳﻻ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺜﻋﺍ
xii
i
ii
i
vi
i
......................................... ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ
0
.............................ﺔﺑﻮﺟﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﻷﺍ ﺱﺮﻬﻓ
0
............................................. ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺧ
0
i
i
i
35
47
55
57
63
71
79
83
89
105
119
127
131
153
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
U2ﻭ U1 ﻉﺎﺿﻭﺃ :ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ
ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺣﻮﺑ ﻲﻓﺍﺮﻏﻮﺗﻮﻓ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ
ﺽﺮﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ
M ﻭ A ،S ،P ﻉﺎﺿﻭﻷﺍ
ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺠﺴﺗ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺧ
ﻲﺋﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ
ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺗ
ﺵﻼﻔﺑ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ
ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺧ
ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ
ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ
ﻱﺭﺆﺑ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ
ISO ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ
ﺽﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻮﺗ
X
s
#
$
k
d
N
S
Z
r
J
l
&
t
x
i
161
177
185
201
217
295
0
0
0
0
0
0
ﻢﻠﻴﻔﻠﻟ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ
ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺆﻤﻟﺍ
ﺽﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺪﻳﺰﻤﻟﺍ
ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ
ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ
ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺕﺎﻈﺣﻼﻣ
y
%
I
Q
U
n
0
38–35
49
50
52
153
161
123–119 ،36
68-66
ﺔﺑﻮﺟﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﻷﺍ ﺱﺮﻬﻓ
."ﺔﺑﻮﺟﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﻷﺍ" ﺱﺮﻬﻓ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺚﺤﺒﺗ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺜﻋﺍ
ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺮﻏﻮﺗﻮﻓ ﺭﻮﺻ ﻁﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ
ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺧﻭ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﺿﻭﺃ
?(i ﻊﺿﻭ) ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺮﻏﻮﺗﻮﻓ ﺭﻮﺻ ﻁﺎﻘﺘﻟﻻ ﺔﻠﻬﺳﻭ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺳ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻞﻫ
؟ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﺪﻫﺎﺸﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻋﺮﺴﺑ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ41
؟ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺆﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻞﻫ183-177
؟(S ﻊﺿﻭ) ﺔﻛﺮﺤﻟﺍ ﺶﻳﻮﺸﺗ ﻭﺃ ﺪﻴﻤﺠﺘﻟ ﻖﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺮﺳ ﻂﺒﺿ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻞﻫ
ﻊﺿﻭ) ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﺠﻣ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻬﻇﺇ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﺨﻟﺍ ﺶﻳﻮﺸﺘﻟ ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻞﻫ
؟(A
؟(M ﻊﺿﻭ) ﻞﻳﻮﻃ ("ﺖﻗﻭ") ـﻟ ﻲﺋﻮﺿ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ
ﻊﺿﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ C) ﺽﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺷﺎﺷ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻞﻫ
؟(ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ
؟(ﻢﻠﻴﻔﻠﻟ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ 1) ﻡﻼﻓﺃ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻞﻫ
ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﺿﻭﺃ
؟ﻊﻳﺮﺳ ﻲﻠﺴﻠﺴﺗ ﻝﺪﻌﻤﺑ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﺑ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﻝﺪﻌﻤﺑ ﺭﻮﺻ ﻁﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻞﻫ57 ،7
؟ﻲﺗﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﺖﻗﺆﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﺻ ﻁﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ59
؟ML-L3 ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺣﻭ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﺻ ﻁﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ127
؟(ﺀﻭﺪﻬﺑ ﻖﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ) ﺔﺋﺩﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﻦﻛﺎﻣﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺪﺟﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﻖﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﺿﻮﺿ ﻞﻴﻠﻘﺗ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻞﻫ57 ،7
ﻱﺭﺆﺑ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ
؟ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻠﻟ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻞﻫ74-71
؟ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻘﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻞﻫ75
ﻲﺋﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ
؟ﻪﻣﺎﺘﻗ ﻭﺃ ﹰﺎﻋﻮﻄﺳ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻞﻌﺟ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻞﻫ86
؟ﻉﻮﻄﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﻈﻟﺍ ﻦﻛﺎﻣﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻞﻴﺻﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻟﺍ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ113
ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ
؟ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﹰﺎﻴﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺀﻲﻀﻳ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻞﻫ
؟ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﻊﻨﻣ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ
؟"ﺀﺍﺮﻤﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻌﻟﺍ" ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺐﻨﺠﺗ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ
ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻢﺠﺣﻭ ﺓﺩﻮﺟ
؟ﺓﺮﻴﺒﻛ ﻡﺎﺠﺣﺄﺑ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻐﺑ ﺭﻮﺻ ﻁﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ
؟ﺓﺮﻛﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺭﻮﺻ ﻦﻳﺰﺨﺗ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ
i
i
i
i
i
i
0
ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺮﻏﻮﺗﻮﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻋ
ﺽﺮﻋ
i
؟ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺮﻏﻮﺗﻮﻓ ﺭﻮﺻ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ185 ،39
؟ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﻦﻋ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ192-187
؟ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺢﺋﺍﺮﺷ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻞﻫ223
؟ﻥﻮﻳﺰﻔﻠﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻞﻫ216-215
؟ﺄﻄﺨﻟﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﺢﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻞﻫ196
ﻑﺬﺤﻟﺍ
i
؟ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺏﻮﻏﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻑﺬﺣ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ199–197 ،40
ii
0
ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺮﻏﻮﺗﻮﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺢﻴﻘﻨﺗ
؟ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺤﻘﻨﻣ ﺦﺴﻧ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﺇ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ290-273
؟"ﺀﺍﺮﻤﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻌﻟﺍ" ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ276
؟RAW (NEF) ﺔﻐﻴﺼﺑ ﺭﻮﺻ ﻦﻣ JPEG ﺦﺴﻧ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ282
؟ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟ ﺎﹰﻌﻣ NEF (RAW) ﺔﻐﻴﺼﺑ ﻦﻴﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻞﻫ281-280
؟ﺔﻴﺘﻳﺯ ﺔﺣﻮﻟ ﺎﻬﻧﺄﻛﻭ ﻭﺪﺒﺗ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺨﺴﻧ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﺇ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻞﻫ286
؟ﻢﻠﻴﻓ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺘﺑﺎﺛ ﺭﻮﺻ ﻆﻔﺣ ﻭﺃ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ
ﻢﻠﻴﻓ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﺐﻳﺬﻬﺗ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻞﻫ173
0
0
0
310-308
312
ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍﻭ ﻢﺋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ
؟ﻢﺋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺳﺃ ﻒﻴﻛ21-19
؟ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻐﻠﺑ ﻢﺋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ265 ،28
؟ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺹﺍﺮﻗﺃ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺳﺃ ﻒﻴﻛ17-13
؟ﻑﺎﻘﻳﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﺷﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻨﻣﺃ ﻒﻴﻛ238
؟ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻌﻤﻟ ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺿﺃ ﻒﻴﻛ33
؟ﺔﺷﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﺔﻜﺒﺷ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺇ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻞﻫ239 ،166 ،159
؟ﺔﻳﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻑﺮﻋﺃ ﻒﻴﻛ269
؟ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﺳ ﻂﺒﺿﺃ ﻒﻴﻛ265 ،28
؟ﺓﺮﻛﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﺗ
؟ﺔﻴﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﻉﺎﺟﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ231 ،224 ،131
؟ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻟﺍ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ332 ،19
؟ﺐﺳﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺦﺴﻧ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ207-203
؟ﻱﺭﻮﺻ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻴﺠﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻃ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻞﻫ214 ،209
ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﻮﺴﺴﻛﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟﺍ
؟ﺎﻬﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻛﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣ347
؟ﺎﻬﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣ295
؟ﺎﻬﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ (Speedlight ﺵﻼﻓ) ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﺣﻭ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣ303
؟ﻲﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻠﻟ ﺓﺮﻓﻮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﻮﺴﺴﻛﻹﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣ
؟ﻲﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻠﻟ ﺓﺮﻓﻮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣ
؟ﻖﻓﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺅﺮﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻄﻐﺑ ﻞﻌﻓﺃ ﺍﺫﺎﻣ60
؟ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻒﻈﻧﺃ ﻒﻴﻛ
؟ﺡﻼﺻﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ
ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ262 ،32
ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ
؟ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻊﺒﻃﺃ ﻒﻴﻛ214-208
ﻲﻨﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﻦﻳﺃ
iii
ﻊﻳﺮﺴﻟﺍ ﺀﺪﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ
.ﺔﻋﺮﺴﺑ D7100 ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻛ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﺀﺪﺒﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻄﺨﻟﺍ ﻊﺒﺗﺍ
.ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺰﺣ ﺐﻛﺭ
.ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﺘﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻜﺣﺈﺑ ﻡﺍﺰﺤﻟﺍ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺘﺑ ﻢﻗ
.(24
) ﺎﻬﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗﻭ (22
0
.(26
) ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺑ ﻦﺤﺸﺑ ﻢﻗ
0
) ﺔﺳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺘﺑ ﻢﻗ
0
1
2
3
ﻂﺒﺿﺍ ،(ﺀﺎﻀﻴﺑ ﺔﻄﻘﻨﺑ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﻤﻟﺍ) ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺍﺫﺎﺤﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻆﻓﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ
ﺎﻬﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺒﺜﺗ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻰﺘﺣ ﺔﺳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺩﺃ ﻢﺛ ،ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻮﻣ
.ﺓﺮﻘﻧ ﺕﻮﺻ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺭﺪﺼﻳﻭ
(ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻛ) ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻼﻋ
(ﺔﺳﺪﻋ) ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻼﻋ
iv
2 ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟﺍ1 ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟﺍ
ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻤﻟﺍ
) ﺓﺮﻛﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﻞﺧﺩﺃ
.(30
0
GB
8
4
ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺱﺍﻮﻗﺃ
ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ
ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺮﺷﺆﻣ
) ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺮﻏﻮﺗﻮﻔﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﺩﺪﺣ
.(37
0
) ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻂﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﺛ ﻱﺭﺆﺑ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺀﺍﺮﺟﺈﺑ ﻢﻗ
.(37
0
.(39 0) ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺮﻏﻮﺗﻮﻓ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﺽﺮﻌﺑ ﻢﻗ
.ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻞﱢﻐﺷ
5
6
7
8
K ﺭﺯ
ﺎﹰﻀﻳﺃ ﻊﺟﺍﺭ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ 33 ﺔﺤﻔﺻ ﺮﻈﻧﺍ .28 ﺔﺤﻔﺻ ﺮﻈﻧﺍ ،ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺿﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ
.ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻌﻤﻟ ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
v
A
ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺧ
(224 0) ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ
ﻢﻌﻧ
ﻢﻗﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
ﻒﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺗ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﺪﺋﺍﺰﻟﺍ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﻟﺍ
ﻲﻃﺎﻴﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﺦﺴﻨﻟﺍ
2 ﺢﺘﻓ JPEG - 1 ﺢﺘﻓ RAW
ﺪﻴﺟ JPEG+NEF (RAW)
ﻱﺩﺎﻋ JPEG+NEF (RAW)
ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺃ JPEG+NEF (RAW)
NEF (RAW)
ﺪﻴﺟ JPEG
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻱﺩﺎﻋ JPEG
ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺃ JPEG
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﺮﻴﺒﻛ
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ
ﺮﻴﻐﺻ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) (24×16) DX
(18×12) 1.3×
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻢﺠﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﻟﻭﺃ
ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺜﻣ ﺓﺩﻮﺟ
ﻉﻮﻨﻟﺍ
NEF (RAW) ﺖﺑ ﻖﻤﻋ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ
ﻊﻃﺎﺳ
ﻱﺭﻮﻠﻓ
ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺲﻤﺸﻟﺍ ﺀﻮﺿ
ﺵﻼﻓ
ﻢﺋﺎﻏ
ﻞﻈﻟﺍ
ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺮﺣ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
ﻱﻭﺪﻳ ﻖﺒﺴﻣ ﻂﺒﺿ
ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﻂﺒﺿ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ
ﻻ
2 ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﺭﻭﺩ
ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ
NEF (RAW) ﻞﻴﺠﺴﺗ
C
ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ
ﻦﻳﺰﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ
ﻒﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺗ
ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻮﺟ
(66 0)
ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻢﺠﺣ
(68 0)
JPEG ﻂﻐﺿ
ﺽﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻮﺗ
(89 0)
(217 0) ﺽﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ
ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﺍ) D7100
ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻘﻧ
ﺔﻴﻓﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
(ﻂﻘﻓ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ) ﺀﻲﺷ ﻻ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺇ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ/ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
؟ﻞﻜﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺀﺎﻐﻟﺇ
ﺕﻼﻴﻠﻈﺘﻟﺍ
RGB ﻲﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻂﻄﺨﻣ
ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺑ
ﺽﺍﺮﻌﺘﺳﺍ
ﺭﺪﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
(ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ) ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
ﺔﻬﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
؟(ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ) ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺦﺴﻧ
ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺇ
ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺮﻤﺘﺳﻻﺍ
ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻞﺻﺎﻓ
ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ/ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
؟ﻞﻜﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺀﺎﻐﻟﺇ
ﺓﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣ
ﻞﻜﻟﺍ
ﻞﻜﻟﺍ
ﻲﻟﺎﺣ
ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ
ﺀﺪﺑ
ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ
D
ﻑﺬﺣ
ﺽﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ
ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﺀﺎﻔﺧﺇ
ﺽﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺷﺎﺷ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺧ
(ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ) ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺦﺴﻧ
ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ
ﻑﺬﺤﻟﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ
ﺎﻴﻟﻮﻃ ﺮﻳﻭﺪﺘﻟﺍ
ﺢﺋﺍﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻋ
DPOF ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻃ ﺮﻣﺃ
ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﻆﻔﺣ ﺭﺎﻴﺧ < ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﻞﻴﻤﺤﺗ/ﻆﻔﺣ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺓﺮﻛﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻈﻔﺣ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﺰﻣﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻤﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ
ﻝﺎﺧﺩﺇ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ D7100 ﺯﺍﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻛ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﺦﺴﻧ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ .(268 0) ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﻲﻓ
.ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﻞﻴﻤﺤﺗ < ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﻞﻴﻤﺤﺗ/ﻆﻔﺣ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍﻭ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺮﻛﺍﺫ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ
vi
ﺀﺪﺒﻟﺍ ﺖﻗﻭ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
ﻥﻵﺍ
ﺀﺪﺒﻟﺍ ﺖﻗﻭ
ﻲﻨﻣﺰﻟﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﻔﻟﺍ
ﺕﺎﻄﻘﻠﻟﺍ ﺩﺪﻋ × ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﺪﻋ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
ﻞﻴﺠﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﺪﻌﻣ/ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﻢﺠﺣ
ﻢﻠﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻮﺟ
ﻥﻮﻓﻭﺮﻜﻴﻣ
ﺔﻬﺟﻮﻟﺍ
ﻲﻨﻣﺯ ﻞﺻﺎﻔﺑ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ
ﺀﺪﺑ
ﻢﻠﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ
ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻓ ﺡﺎﺘﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ 1
.ﻱﺩﺎﻴﺘﻋﺍ Picture Control
ﻭ Aﻭ Sﻭ P ﻉﺎﺿﻭﻷﺍ) ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ ﻮﻫ ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ 2
ﻉﺎﺿﻭﻷﺍ) ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﻭﺃ (3ﻭ 2ﻭ 1ﻭ uﻭ ،iﻭ g ،%ﻭ M
.(ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ
(229 0) ﺔﻳﺩﺎﻴﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ
ﻢﻌﻧ
ﻱﺭﺆﺑ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻱﺭﺆﺑ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ
(ﻞﻳﻮﻃ) 5
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) (ﻱﺩﺎﻋ) 3
(ﺮﻴﺼﻗ) 1
ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ
ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ
ﺔﻃﺎﺣﺇ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﺔﻃﺎﺣﺇ ﻻ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﺔﻄﻘﻧ 51
ﺔﻄﻘﻧ 11
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ
ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ
ﻻ
ﻞﻔﻘﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ
4
2
ﺔﻳﺩﺎﻴﺘﻋﻻﺍ
ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﻱﺭﺆﺑ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ a
ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﻱﺭﺆﺑ
ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ
ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ
ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺘﻟﺍ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺃ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) sRGB
A
(HDR) ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻜﻴﻣﺎﻨﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﻮﻗ
a1AF-C ﺔﻳﻮﻟﻭﺃ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ
a2AF-S ﺔﻳﻮﻟﻭﺃ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ
a3 ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻘﻌﺗ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻱﺩﺎﻋ
a4 ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺔﻄﻘﻧ ﺓﺀﺎﺿﺇ
a5 ﺔﻄﻘﻧ ﺔﻃﺎﺣﺇ
a6 ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﺩﺪﻋ
a7 ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﻮﺿ
ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ISO ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻜﺤﺗ
ﻊﻳﺮﺳ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ ﻢﻜﺤﺗ
ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ ﻰﻠﻋﻸﻟ ﺓﺁﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻓﺭ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ
ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻲﺋﻮﺿ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻊﺿﻭ
ﺪﻳﺎﺤﻣ
ﻕﺮﺸﻣ
ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺣﺃ
ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ
ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺮﻈﻨﻣ
ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ/ﻆﻔﺣ
1
ﻢﺳﻻﺍ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ
1
ﻑﺬﺣ
ﻆﻔﺣ/ﻞﻴﻤﺤﺗ
Adobe RGB
ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ
ﺓﺪﺸﺑ ﻲﻟﺎﻋ
ﻲﻟﺎﻋ
ﻱﺩﺎﻋ
ﺾﻔﺨﻨﻣ
ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ
HDR ﻊﺿﻮﻟﺍ
ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
ﻲﻟﺎﻋ
ﺾﻔﺨﻨﻣ
ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ
ISO ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ
ﺮﺧﺄﺘﻣ ﻢﻜﺤﺗ
ﺕﺎﻄﻘﻠﻟﺍ ﺩﺪﻋ
ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺏﺎﺴﺘﻛﺍ
ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻂﺒﺿ
Picture Control
ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ
Picture Control
ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﺣﺎﺴﻣ
2ﺔﻄﺸﻧ D-Lighting
ﻲﻜﻴﻣﺎﻨﻳﺩ ﻯﺪﻣ) HDR
(ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻣ
ﻩﻮﺸﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﻢﻜﺤﺗ
ﻲﺋﻮﺿ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ
NR ﻞﻳﻮﻃ
ﻝﺎﻋ ISO NR
ISO ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ
(79 0)
(82 0)
ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ
(ML-L3)
ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻲﺋﻮﺿ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ
vii
ﺔﻤﻐﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ
ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ
ﻞﻬﺴﻟﺍ ISO/ISO ﺽﺮﻋ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﺩﺪﻋ ﺽﺮﻋ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ/ﺭﺎﻃﺇ 6
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ/ﺭﺎﻃﺇ 5
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ/ﺭﺎﻃﺇ 4
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ/ﺭﺎﻃﺇ 3
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ/ﺭﺎﻃﺇ 2
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ/ﺭﺎﻃﺇ 1
100-1
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ
ﻂﺒﺿ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ
ﻱﻭﺪﻳ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ
ﻥﺍﻮﺛ 3
ﻥﺎﺘﻴﻧﺎﺛ
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ
ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) (AA ﺔﻳﻮﻠﻗ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺑ) LR6
(Ni-MH AA ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺑ) HR6
(AA ﻡﻮﻴﺜﻴﻟ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺑ) FR6
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) MB-D15
ﻻﻭﺃ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺑ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ
ﺽﺮﻌﻟﺍ/ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ d
ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻌﻣ
ﺔﺷﺎﺸﻟﺍ
CL ﻊﺿﻮﺑ
ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ
ﻢﻗﺭ ﻞﺴﻠﺴﺗ
ﻒﻠﻤﻟﺍ
ﻲﺋﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ
MB-D15
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﺓﻮﻄﺧ 1/3
d1ﺮﻴﻔﺻ ﺕﻮﺻﺕﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﺓﻮﻄﺧ 1/3
d2 ﺔﻜﺒﺷ ﺽﺮﻋ
d3ISO ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗﻭ ﺽﺮﻋISO ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺽﺮﻋ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ
d4 ﻦﻋ ﺕﺎﺤﻴﻤﻠﺗ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻢﻣ 8
d5 ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺔﻋﺮﺳ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻻ
d6 ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﻰﺼﻗﺃ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ
d7
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻥﺍﻮﺛ 6
d8ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻋ(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ
d9LCD ﺔﺷﺎﺷ ﺓﺀﺎﺿﺇﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
d10 ﺮﻴﺧﺄﺗ ﻊﺿﻭ
d11ﻱﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ ﺵﻼﻓ(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
d12 ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ
d13ﺕﺎﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﺕﺎﻳﺭﺎﻄﺑ ﻞﻴﻀﻔﺗ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ
(ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﻂﺒﺿ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ) ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
ﺕﺎﻄﻘﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻨﻣﺰﻟﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﻔﻟﺍ
ﻲﺋﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ/ﺓﺮﻳﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ b
ﺓﻮﻄﺧ 1/2
ﺓﻮﻄﺧ 1/2
ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
ﻢﻣ 6
ﻢﻣ 10
ﻢﻣ 13
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻤﻟﺍ
ﻢﻌﻧ
ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻕﻼﻏﺇ/ﺕﺎﺘﻗﺆﻣ c
ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
ﻥﺍﻮﺛ 10
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 30
ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ
ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺩ 5
ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺩ 10
ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ 30
ﺪﺣ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ
ﺕﺎﻄﻘﻠﻟﺍ ﺩﺪﻋ
ﺽﺮﻋ
ﻢﺋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ
ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻋ
ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ
ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺮﻈﻨﻣ
ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺩ 5
ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺩ 10
ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ 15
ISO ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ
b1 ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ
b2 ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﺭﺩ
ﻲﺋﻮﻀﻟﺍ
b3 ﻞﻬﺳ ﺾﻳﻮﻌﺗ
ﻲﺋﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻠﻟ
b4 ﺱﺎﻴﻗ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ
ﻒﺼﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ
b5 ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻂﺒﺿ
ﻲﺋﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻠﻟ
c1 ﺭﺰﻟ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻞﻔﻗ
ﻖﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ
c2ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺖﻗﺆﻣﻥﺍﻮﺛ 4
c3ﻲﺗﺍﺫ ﺖﻗﺆﻣﻲﺗﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﺖﻗﺆﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﺧﺄﺗ
c4 ﺀﺎﻔﻄﻧﺍ ﺮﺧﺄﺗ
ﺔﺷﺎﺸﻟﺍ
c5 ﻦﻋ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺖﻗﻭ
(ML-L3) ﺪﻌﺑ
viii
ﺽﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ
ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺮﻈﻨﻣ
ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺹﺍﺮﻗﺃ + ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺍ
ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺹﺍﺮﻗﺃ + ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺍ
ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺍ
ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺹﺍﺮﻗﺃ + ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺍ
ﻲﺴﻜﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﻭﺪﺘﻟﺍ
ﻲﻋﺮﻔﻟﺍ/ﻲﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ
ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ
ﺽﺮﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﺋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ
ﻢﻌﻧ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻻ
ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻠﻏ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻜﻤﺗ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ)
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ/ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻞﻔﻗ
ﻂﻘﻓ ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻞﻔﻗ
(ﻖﻴﻠﻌﺗ) ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻞﻔﻗ
ﻂﻘﻓ ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﻱﺭﺆﺑ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻞﻔﻗ
ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
FV ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻞﻔﻗ
Fn ﺭﺰﻟﺍ ﺲﻔﻧ
ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ/ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻞﻔﻗ
ﻂﻘﻓ ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻞﻔﻗ
(ﻖﻴﻠﻌﺗ) ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻞﻔﻗ
ﻂﻘﻓ ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﻱﺭﺆﺑ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻞﻔﻗ
ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﺀﻲﺷ ﻻ
ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ/ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻞﻔﻗ
ﻂﻘﻓ ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻞﻔﻗ
(ﻖﻴﻠﻌﺗ) ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻞﻔﻗ
ﻂﻘﻓ ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﻱﺭﺆﺑ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻞﻔﻗ
ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﺀﻲﺷ ﻻ
ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ f
ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ
ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ
ﺹﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻ
ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﻞﻔﻗ
ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟﺍ
MB-D15
4
ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ/ﺏﺭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ e
f1ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﺭﺯﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 1/250
f2Fn ﺭﺯ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﻂﻐﻀﻟﺍ
f3ﺔﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﺭﺯ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﻂﻐﻀﻟﺍ
f4/ﺾﻳﺮﻋ ﺭﺯ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 1/60
f5 ﺹﺍﺮﻗﺃ ﺺﻴﺼﺨﺗ
f6 ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺯ
f7 ﻎﻳﺮﻔﺗ
f8ﺔﻴﺴﻜﻋ ﺕﺍﺮﺷﺆﻣ
f9ﺭﺰﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) TTL
ﻢﻠﻴﻓ g
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻞﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ
g1Fn ﺭﺯ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺽﺮﻋ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﺵﻼﻓﻭ ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ
g2ﺔﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﺭﺯ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺽﺮﻋ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻕﻮﻓ < ﺖﺤﺗ < MTR
(ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ FP) ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 1/320
(ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ FP) ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 1/250
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 1/200
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 1/160
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 1/125
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 1/100
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 1/80
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 1/60
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 1/30
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 1/15
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 1/8
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 1/4
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 1/2
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ
ﻥﺎﺘﻴﻧﺎﺛ
ﻥﺍﻮﺛ 4
ﻥﺍﻮﺛ 8
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 15
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 30
ﻱﻭﺪﻳ
ﺭﺮﻜﺘﻣ ﺵﻼﻓ
ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺣﻭ ﻊﺿﻭ
ﻱﻭﺪﻳ
ﻂﻘﻓ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺨﻟﺍ
ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ
ﻂﻘﻓ ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﻲﺋﻮﺿ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ
ﻂﻘﻓ ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ
WB ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ
ADL ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ
ﻕﻮﻓ < MTR < ﺖﺤﺗ
ﺯﺍﺮﻃ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺣﻭ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ ﻢﺘﻳ *
ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ
ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ
ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ
ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺾﻳﻮﻌﺗ
ﺵﻼﻔﻟ ﻲﺋﻮﺿ
ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ
ﺏﺭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍ
.SB-400
e1 ﺔﻨﻣﺍﺰﻣ ﺔﻋﺮﺳ
e2 ﻖﻟﺎﻏ ﺔﻋﺮﺳ
e3 ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ
e3* ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺵﻼﻓ(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) TTL
e4
e5ﺔﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﺵﻼﻓ(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
e6 ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﻂﺒﺿ
e7 ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ
ix
ﺔﺳﺪﻋ ﻢﻗﺭ
(ﺮﺘﻤﻴﻠﻠﻤﻟﺎﺑ) ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﻄﻟﺍ
ﻯﻮﺼﻗ ﺔﺤﺘﻓ
(ﻒﻗﻭ/ﻞﻐﺷ) ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻂﺒﺿ ﺔﻗﺩ
ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﺋﺪﺒﻣ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﺗ
ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺩﺮﺳ
ﺝﺮﺨﻟﺍ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ
ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺖﻗﺆﻣ
ﻊﺿﻮﻣ
ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﺳ ﻂﺒﻀﻟ GPS ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻦﻴﻜﻤﺗ
ﻦﻴﻜﻤﺗ ﺀﺎﻐﻟﺇ
ﺓﺰﻬﺟﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ
ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺧ
1 ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟﺍ
2 ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟﺍ
CPU ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺔﺳﺪﻋ
ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ
ﺔﻗﺪﺑ ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺘﻟﺍ
ﻝﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﻲﻜﻠﺳﻻ ﺊﻳﺎﻬﻣ
ﻊﻣ ﺮﻓﺍﻮﺘﻣ) ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟﺍ
(ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻﺍ UT-1
2 Eye-Fi ﻞﻴﻤﺤﺗ
–
ﺖﺑﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﺨﺴﻧ
.ﻞﻗﺃ ﻭﺃ J ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺑ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺓﺮﻓﺍﻮﺘﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ 1
.Eye-Fi ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﻮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻛﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﻊﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺮﻓﺍﻮﺘﻣ 2
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ/ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻞﻔﻗ
ﻂﻘﻓ ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻞﻔﻗ
(ﻖﻴﻠﻌﺗ) ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻞﻔﻗ
ﻂﻘﻓ ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﻱﺭﺆﺑ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻞﻔﻗ
HDMI
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ
GPS
ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ/ﺀﺪﺑ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ
ﺀﺪﺒﻟﺍ ﻢﺛ ﺮﻌﺸﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ
(ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ) ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
ﺦﺴﻧ ﻖﺣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻕﺎﻓﺭﺇ
ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺽﺮﻋ
ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
ﺀﻲﺷ ﻻ
ﻡﻼﻓﻷﺍ ﻞﻴﺠﺴﺗ
(261 0) ﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ
1 ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟﺍ
2 ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟﺍ
U1 ﻰﻟﺇ ﻆﻔﺣ
U2 ﻰﻟﺇ ﻆﻔﺣ
U1 ﻂﺒﺿ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ
U2 ﻂﺒﺿ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ
+5 – –5
ﻥﻵﺍ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ
ﺰﺗﺮﻫ 50
ﺰﺗﺮﻫ 60
ﺖﻴﻗﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ
ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍﻭ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ
ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻴﺻ
ﻲﻔﻴﺼﻟﺍ ﺖﻴﻗﻮﺘﻟﺍ
.340 ﺔﺤﻔﺻ ﺮﻈﻧﺍ
ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ
ﻖﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻕﺎﻓﺭﺇ
ﻝﺎﺧﺩﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻖﻴﻠﻌﺗ
ﻥﺎﻨﻔﻟﺍ
ﺦﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ
ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﻆﻔﺣ
ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﻞﻴﻤﺤﺗ
ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ
ﻖﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ
ﺓﺮﻛﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﺗ
ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﻆﻔﺣ
ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﻂﺒﺿ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ
ﺔﺷﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻄﺳ
ﺮﻌﺸﺘﺴﻣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
1
ﺀﺪﺑ
ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻠﻟ ﺓﺁﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﻔﻗ
ﺀﺪﺑ
ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺭﺎﺒﻐﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺍﺯﺇ
ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﻻﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﻘﺗ
ﺖﻴﻗﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ
(Language) ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ
ﺎﻴﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﻭﺪﺗ
–
ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻖﻴﻠﻌﺗ
ﺦﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﻞﻴﻤﺤﺗ/ﻆﻔﺣ
–
ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﺍ ﻖﻓﺃ
ﻢﻠﻴﻓ g
g3/ﺾﻳﺮﻋ ﺭﺯ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
g4 ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﺭﺯ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
B
ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ
ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ
ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﻌﺟﺮﻤﻟﺍ
ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍﻭ
x
(291 0) ﻲﺘﻤﺋﺎﻗ
ﺽﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ
ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ
ﺔﻳﺩﺎﻴﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ
ﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ
ﺢﻴﻘﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ
–
–
ﻲﺘﻤﺋﺎﻗ
ﺓﺮﻴﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ
ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻢﺛ ﻲﺘﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻠﻈﺗ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﹰﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺩﻮﻨﺑ ﻑﺬﺣ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ *
.ﻦﻴﺗﺮﻣ (Q) O ﺭﺰﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺩﻮﻨﺑ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﺇ
*
ﺩﻮﻨﺑ ﺔﻟﺍﺯﺇ
ﺔﺒﺗﺮﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﻨﺑ
ﺐﻳﻮﺒﺗ ﺔﻣﻼﻋ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
O
(273 0) ﺢﻴﻘﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ
–
–
–
ﺾﻴﺑﺃﻭ ﺩﻮﺳﺃ
ﻦﻛﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﺑ
ﺢﺗﺎﻓ ﻕﺭﺯﺃ
ﺭﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ ﺀﻮﺿ
ﺊﻓﺍﺩ ﺢﺷﺮﻣ
ﺮﻤﺣﻷﺍ ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻒﺜﻜﻣ
ﺮﻀﺧﻷﺍ ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻒﺜﻜﻣ
ﻕﺭﺯﻷﺍ ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻒﺜﻜﻣ
ﺔﺷﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺮﺒﻋ
ﻢﻋﺎﻧ
–
–
–
ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
ﺔﻬﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
ﻢﺠﺤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
–
–
ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ
ﻱﻭﺪﻳ
–
–
–
–
–
–
ﺀﺎﻬﻧﻹﺍ/ﺀﺪﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻘﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﻆﻔﺣ
–
ﺀﺍﺮﻤﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ
2
ﺐﻨﺟ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﺒﻨﺟ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﻣ
ﺔﻣﻼﻋ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍﻭ G ﺭﺰﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺮﻓﺍﻮﺘﻣ 1
.ﻢﺋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ N ﺐﻳﻮﺒﺗ
ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﺽﺮﻌﻟ P ﺭﺰﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺮﻓﺍﻮﺘﻣ 2
.ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﺽﺮﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﺢﻴﻘﻨﺘﻟﺍ
N
D-Lighting
ﺐﻳﺬﻬﺗ
ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺣﺃ
ﺢﺷﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺆﻣ
ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻮﺗ
1
ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺐﻛﺍﺮﺗ
NEF (RAW) ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻣ
ﻢﺠﺤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ
ﻊﻳﺮﺳ ﺢﻴﻘﻨﺗ
ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ
ﻩﻮﺸﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﻜﺤﺗ
ﺔﻜﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻋ
ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ
ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻂﻄﺨﻣ
ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﻢﻜﺤﺗ
ﺮﻴﻐﺼﺗ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ
ﻲﺋﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻦﻳﻮﻠﺗ
ﻢﻠﻴﻓ ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ
xi
ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ
ii ........................................................................................................................................ﺔﺑﻮﺟﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﻷﺍ ﺱﺮﻬﻓ
iv ................................................................................................................................................ﻊﻳﺮﺴﻟﺍ ﺀﺪﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ
vi .....................................................................................................................................................ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺧ
xxi ................................................................................................................................................ﻚﺘﻣﻼﺳ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ
xxiii ..........................................................................................................................................................ﺕﺎﻈﺣﻼﻣ
1 ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ
1 ................................................................................................................................................................ ﺽﺍﺮﻌﺘﺳﺍ
2 .............................................................................................................................................ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ
2 ......................................................................................................................................................ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﺟ
6 ...........................................................................................................................................................ﻊﺿﻮﻟﺍ ﺹﺮﻗ
7 ................................................................................................................................................ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ ﺹﺮﻗ
8 ....................................................................................................................................................... ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺣﻮﻟ
9 .........................................................................................................................................................ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻌﻣ
10 ................................................................................................................................................ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻋ
13 ...................................................................................................................................................ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺹﺍﺮﻗﺃ
18 ...................................................................................................................................................................P ﺭﺰﻟﺍ
19 ......................................................................................................................................................ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻢﺋﺍﻮﻗ
20 ..................................................................................................................................ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻢﺋﺍﻮﻗ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ
22 ...................................................................................................................................................ﻰﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻄﺨﻟﺍ
22 ..................................................................................................................................................ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﺤﺷﺍ
24 .....................................................................................................................................................ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﺐﻛﺭ
26 ........................................................................................................................................................ ﺔﺳﺪﻋ ﺐﻛﺭ
28 ................................................................................................................................................ﻲﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ
30 ..............................................................................................................................................ﺓﺮﻛﺍﺫ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﻞﺧﺩﺃ
32 .........................................................................................................................................ﺓﺮﻛﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﺗ
33 ..............................................................................................................ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻌﻤﻟ ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ
xii
35 ﺽﺮﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ
35 .....................................................................................................................ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﺳﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ
36 ........................................................................................(j ﻭ i) ﻉﺎﺿﻭﻷﺍ "ﺭﻮﺻﻭ ﺏﻮﺻ" ﺏﻮﻠﺳﺄﺑ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ
39 .................................................................................................................................................ﻲﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺽﺮﻌﻟﺍ
40 .......................................................................................................................ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺏﻮﻏﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻑﺬﺣ
41 ...........................................................................................(ﺪﻬﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﺿﻭﺃ) ﻲﻋﺍﺪﺑﻹﺍ ﻲﻓﺍﺮﻏﻮﺗﻮﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ
41 .......................................................................................................................................ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ
41 ..........................................................................................................................................ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺮﻈﻨﻣ
42 .........................................................................................................................................................ﻞﻔﻃ
42 ...........................................................................................................................................ﺔﻴﺿﺎﻳﺭ ﺏﺎﻌﻟﺃ
42 ........................................................................................................................................................ﺏﺮﻘﻣ
42 ............................................................................................................................ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻟ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ
43 .................................................................................................................................ﻲﻠﻴﻟ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺮﻈﻨﻣ
43 .................................................................................................................................ﻰﻨﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ/ﺔﻠﻔﺣ
43 .............................................................................................................................................. ﺞﻠﺛ/ﺊﻃﺎﺷ
43 .........................................................................................................................................................ﺏﻭﺮﻏ
44 ......................................................................................................................................... ﺮﺠﻔﻟﺍ/ﻖﺴﻐﻟﺍ
44 ...............................................................................................................ﻒﻴﻟﺃ ﻥﺍﻮﻴﺤﻟ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ
44 ............................................................................................................................................ﺔﻌﻤﺸﻟﺍ ﺀﻮﺿ
44 ...........................................................................................................................................................ﺭﺎﻫﺯﺃ
45 ........................................................................................................................................... ﻒﻳﺮﺨﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﺃ
45 ...................................................................................................................................................... ﺔﻤﻌﻃﺃ
k
l
p
m
n
o
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
0
47 M ﻭ A ،S ،P ﻉﺎﺿﻭﻷﺍ
48 ................................................................................................................................................ﺞﻣﺮﺒﻣ ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ :P
49 ......................................................................................................................................ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺔﻳﻮﻟﻭﺃ-ﻖﻟﺎﻏ :S
50 ....................................................................................................................................ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺔﻳﻮﻟﻭﺃ-ﺔﺤﺘﻓ :A
51 ................................................................................................................................................................ﻱﻭﺪﻳ :M
52 ...................................................................................(ﻂﻘﻓ M ﻊﺿﻮﻟﺍ) ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ﺓﺪﻤﻟ ﻲﺋﻮﺿ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻢﻴﻗ
55 U2ﻭ U1 ﻉﺎﺿﻭﺃ :ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ
55 ...............................................................................................................................ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﻆﻔﺣ
56 ..........................................................................................................................ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﻉﺎﺟﺮﺘﺳﺍ
56 ..................................................................................................................... ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﻂﺒﺿ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ
57 ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ
57 ................................................................................................................................................ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﻊﺿﻭ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
58 ..............................................................................................................................................ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﻡﺪﻘﺗ ﻝﺪﻌﻣ
59 .................................................................................................................................................. ﻲﺗﺍﺫ ﺖﻗﺆﻣ ﻊﺿﻭ
61 .........................................................................................................................................ﻰﻠﻋﻷ ﺓﺁﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻊﺿﻭ
xiii
63 ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺠﺴﺗ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺧ
63 ....................................................................................................................................................ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ
66 ............................................................................................................................................ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻢﺠﺣﻭ ﺓﺩﻮﺟ
66 .......................................................................................................................................................ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻮﺟ
68 ......................................................................................................................................................ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻢﺠﺣ
69 .....................................................................................................................................ﺓﺮﻛﺍﺫ ﻲﺘﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ
71 ﻱﺭﺆﺑ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ
71 .......................................................................................................................................ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ
71 ............................................................................................................................ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ
73 .............................................................................................................ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻊﺿﻭ
75 ..............................................................................................................................ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻘﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
76 ............................................................................................................................................ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻔﻗ
78 ...................................................................................................................................................ﻱﻭﺪﻳ ﻱﺭﺆﺑ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ
79 ISO ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ
81 .....................................................................................................................ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ISO ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻜﺤﺗ
83 ﻲﺋﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ
83 ................................................................................................................................................................... ﺓﺮﻳﺎﻌﻣ
84 .......................................................................................................................ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﺋﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻔﻗ
86 ..................................................................................................................................ﻲﺋﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﻮﻌﺗ
89 ﺽﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻮﺗ
91 ...........................................................................................................................ﺽﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻮﺘﻟ ﻖﻴﻗﺪﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﻀﻟﺍ
94 ......................................................................................................................................ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺮﺣ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
95 ..............................................................................................................................................ﻱﻭﺪﻳ ﻖﺒﺴﻣ ﻂﺒﺿ
105 ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺗ
105 .................................................................................................Picture Controls ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ
105 ......................................................................................Picture Control ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ
107 ..................................................................................... Picture Control ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ
110 ........................................................ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﻴﺘﻋﺍ Picture Control ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﺇ
112 ....................................................ﻱﺩﺎﻴﺘﻋﺍ Picture Control ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﺔﻛﺭﺎﺸﻣ
113 ................................................................................... ﻝﻼﻈﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺀﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﻦﻛﺎﻣﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻞﻴﺻﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻟﺍ
113 .........................................................................................................................................ﺔﻄﺸﻧ D-Lighting
115 ........................................................................................................................ (HDR) ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻣ ﻲﻜﻴﻣﺎﻨﻳﺩ ﻯﺪﻣ
xiv
119 ﺵﻼﻔﺑ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ
119 .............................................................................................................................. ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ
120 .................................................................................................................................................... ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ
124 .................................................................................................................................................ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﻮﻌﺗ
125 ......................................................................................................................................FV ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻞﻔﻗ
127 ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺣﻮﺑ ﻲﻓﺍﺮﻏﻮﺗﻮﻓ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ
127 .......................................................................... ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻﺍ ML-L3 ﺯﺍﺮﻃ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺣﻭ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ
130 ..............................................................................................................ﺔﻴﻜﻠﺳﻼﻟﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﺣﻭ
130 ................................................................................................WR-1 ﺔﻴﻜﻠﺳﻼﻟﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﺣﻭ
130 ......................................................................... WR-R10/WR-T10 ﺔﻴﻜﻠﺳﻼﻟﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﺣﻭ
131 ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺧ
131 ....................................................................................... ﺔﻴﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﻉﺎﺟﺮﺘﺳﺍ :ﻦﻳﺭﺰﺑ ﻂﺒﺿ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ
133 ..........................................................................................................................................................ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺘﻟﺍ
141 .......................................................................................................................................ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻲﺋﻮﺿ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ
145 ............................................................................................................... ﻲﻨﻣﺯ ﻞﺻﺎﻔﺑ ﻲﻓﺍﺮﻏﻮﺗﻮﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ
149 ................................................................................................................... CPU ﺓﺪﺣﻮﺑ ﺓﺰﻬﺠﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺕﺎﺳﺪﻋ
152 ................................................................GPS ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟ ﻲﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﺓﺪﺣﻭ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ
153 ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ
155 .................................................................................................. ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ
157 ...............................................................................................................................................P ﺭﺰﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ
158 .................................................................. ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ :ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺷﺎﺷ
159 .............................................................................. ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ :ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻋ
159 ...............................................................................................................................................ﻱﻭﺪﻳ ﻱﺭﺆﺑ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ
161 ﻢﻠﻴﻔﻠﻟ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ
164 ...............................................................................................................................................P ﺭﺰﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ
165 ....................................................................................ﻢﻠﻴﻔﻠﻟ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ :ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺷﺎﺷ
166 ................................................................................................ﻢﻠﻴﻔﻠﻟ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ :ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻋ
167 ...............................................................................................................................................ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ
169 ................................................................................................................................................ﻢﻠﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ
171 .......................................................................................................................................................ﻡﻼﻓﻷﺍ ﺽﺮﻋ
173 ......................................................................................................................................................ﻡﻼﻓﻷﺍ ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ
173 ...................................................................................................................................................ﻡﻼﻓﻷﺍ ﺐﻳﺬﻬﺗ
176 ................................................................................................................................ﺓﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﻆﻔﺣ
xv
177 ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺆﻤﻟﺍ
177 ...........................................................................................................ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺆﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ
178 ..............................................................................................................................................ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻟ ﺔﻳﺅﺭ
178 .....................................................................................................................................ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻂﻄﺨﻣ
178 ........................................................................................................................................ﺮﻴﻐﺼﺗ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ
179 ........................................................................................................................................ﻲﺋﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻦﻳﻮﻠﺗ
179 ...........................................................................................................................................ﺔﻴﻠﻇ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ
179 ......................................................................................................................................ﺔﻌﻃﺎﺳ ﺓﺀﺎﺿﺇ
179 .........................................................................................................................................ﺔﺘﻓﺎﺧ ﺓﺀﺎﺿﺇ
180 ......................................................................................................ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺮﻓﺍﻮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺨﻟﺍ
%
g
i
u
1
2
3
185 ﺽﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺪﻳﺰﻤﻟﺍ
185 ...............................................................................................................................................ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﺽﺮﻋ
187 ............................................................................................................................................ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
193 ...........................................................................................................................................ﺓﺮﻐﺼﻣ ﺭﻮﺻ ﺽﺮﻋ
194 ....................................................................................................................................................ﻢﻳﻮﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻋ
195 ........................................................................................................................ ﺽﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﺯ :ﺔﺑﺮﻘﻣ ﺓﺮﻈﻧ ﺀﺎﻘﻟﺇ
196 ................................................................................................................................ﻑﺬﺤﻟﺍ ﺪﺿ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﻤﺣ
197 .....................................................................................................................................ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺮﻏﻮﺗﻮﻓ ﺭﻮﺻ ﻑﺬﺣ
197 ....................................................................................................ﻢﻳﻮﻘﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺓﺮﻐﺼﻣ ﺭﻮﺻ ،ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﺽﺮﻋ
198 ...................................................................................................................................................ﺽﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ
201 ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ
201 ................................................................................................................................ViewNX 2 ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺖﻴﺒﺜﺗ
203 ..........................................................................................................................ViewNX 2 ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ
203 .................................................................................................................. ﺐﺳﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺟ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺦﺴﻧﺍ
204 ..................................................................................................................................................... ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻋ
206 ....................................................................................................... ﺔﻴﻜﻠﺳﻼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺒﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺖﻧﺮﺛﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺒﺷ
208 ...................................................................................................................................ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺮﻏﻮﺗﻮﻓ ﺭﻮﺻ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻃ
208 .............................................................................................................................................. ﺔﻌﺑﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺻﻮﺗ
209 .....................................................................................................................ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﻮﻠﺗ ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻃ
210 ..............................................................................................................................................ﺭﻮﺻ ﺓﺪﻋ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻃ
213 .................................................................................................... ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ :DPOF ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻃ ﺮﻣﺃ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﺇ
215 ...................................................................................................................... ﻥﻮﻳﺰﻔﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
xvi
217 ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ
217 ....................................................................................................................... ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ :ﺽﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ
217 ..............................................................................................................................................ﺽﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ
218 .................................................................................................................................................ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﺀﺎﻔﺧﺇ
219 .............................................................................................................................. ﺽﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺷﺎﺷ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺧ
219 ................................................................................................................................(ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ) ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺦﺴﻧ
222 ...........................................................................................................................................ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ
222 .................................................................................................................................................ﻑﺬﺤﻟﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ
222 ..............................................................................................................................................ﺎﻴﻟﻮﻃ ﺮﻳﻭﺪﺘﻟﺍ
223 ............................................................................................................................................ﺢﺋﺍﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻋ
224 ............................................................................................................ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺧ :ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ
224 ...................................................................................................................... ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﻂﺒﺿ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ
225 ............................................................................................................................................ﻦﻳﺰﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ
226 ...........................................................................................................................................ﻒﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺗ
227 .............................................................................................................................................ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﺣﺎﺴﻣ
227 .............................................................................................................................ﻩﻮﺸﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﻢﻜﺤﺗ
228 ..................................... (ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ﺓﺮﺘﻔﻟ ﻲﺋﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﺿﻮﺿ ﻞﻴﻠﻘﺗ) NR ﻞﻳﻮﻃ ﻲﺋﻮﺿ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ
228 ...............................................................................................................................................ﻝﺎﻋ ISO NR
229 ...................................................................... ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹ ﻖﻴﻗﺪﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﻀﻟﺍ :ﺔﻳﺩﺎﻴﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ
231 ..............................................................................................................ﺔﻳﺩﺎﻴﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ
231 .......................................................................................................................................ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﻱﺭﺆﺑ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ :a
231 ............................................................................................................................. AF-C ﺔﻳﻮﻟﻭﺃ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ :a1
231 ............................................................................................................................. AF-S ﺔﻳﻮﻟﻭﺃ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ :a2
232 ....................................................................................................... ﻞﻔﻘﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻘﻌﺗ :a3
232 ........................................................................................................ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﻱﺭﺆﺑ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺔﻄﻘﻧ ﺓﺀﺎﺿﺇ :a4
232 .............................................................................................................ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻘﻧ ﺔﻃﺎﺣﺇ :a5
233 ................................................................................................................... ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﺩﺪﻋ :a6
233 .........................................................................................................................ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﻮﺿ :a7
234 ....................................................................................................................... ﻲﺋﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ/ﺓﺮﻳﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ :b
234 ............................................................................................................... ISO ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ :b1
................................................................................................................... ﻲﺋﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﺭﺩ :b2
234
235 .....................................................................................................ﻲﺋﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻠﻟ ﻞﻬﺳ ﺾﻳﻮﻌﺗ :b3
236 .................................................................................................................. ﻒﺼﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ :b4
236 ..........................................................................................................ﻲﺋﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻠﻟ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻂﺒﺿ :b5
236 ....................................................................................................................ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻕﻼﻏﺇ/ﺕﺎﺘﻗﺆﻣ :c
236 ........................................................................................................... ﻖﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﺭﺰﻟ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻞﻔﻗ :c1
237 .................................................................................................................................ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺖﻗﺆﻣ :c2
237 ...........................................................................................................................................ﻲﺗﺍﺫ ﺖﻗﺆﻣ :c3
238 .........................................................................................................................ﺔﺷﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻔﻄﻧﺍ ﺮﺧﺄﺗ :c4
238 .........................................................................................................(ML-L3) ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺖﻗﻭ :c5
D
C
A
xvii
238 .......................................................................................................................................... ﺽﺮﻌﻟﺍ/ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ :d
238 ......................................................................................................................................... ﺮﻴﻔﺻ ﺕﻮﺻ :d1
239 ...............................................................................................................ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﺔﻜﺒﺷ ﺽﺮﻋ :d2
239 ...............................................................................................................................ISO ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗﻭ ﺽﺮﻋ :d3
239 ....................................................................................................................... ﺔﺷﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺕﺎﺤﻴﻤﻠﺗ :d4
239 ..................................................................................................................... CL ﻊﺿﻮﺑ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺔﻋﺮﺳ :d5
240 ..........................................................................................................................ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﻰﺼﻗﺃ :d6
240 ...........................................................................................................................ﻒﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﻢﻗﺭ ﻞﺴﻠﺴﺗ :d7
241 ................................................................................................................................ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻋ :d8
241 ............................................................................................................................. LCD ﺔﺷﺎﺷ ﺓﺀﺎﺿﺇ :d9
241 .........................................................................................................ﻲﺋﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﺧﺄﺗ ﻊﺿﻭ :d10
241 ....................................................................................................................................ﻱﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ ﺵﻼﻓ :d11
242 ..................................................................................................................... MB-D15 ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ :d12
243 ................................................................................................................................ﺕﺎﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ :d13
244 .........................................................................................................................ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ/ﺏﺭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ :e
244 ........................................................................................................................ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻣﺍﺰﻣ ﺔﻋﺮﺳ :e1
245 ............................................................................................................................ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻖﻟﺎﻏ ﺔﻋﺮﺳ :e2
246 .................................................................................................................ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ :e3
250 .......................................................................................................... ﺵﻼﻔﻟ ﻲﺋﻮﺿ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺾﻳﻮﻌﺗ :e4
251 .......................................................................................................................................ﺔﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﺵﻼﻓ :e5
251 ....................................................................................................................... ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﻂﺒﺿ :e6
251 ....................................................................................................................ﺏﺭﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ :e7
252 ............................................................................................................................................ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ :f
252 .................................................................................................................................................ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﺭﺯ :f1
253 ...........................................................................................................................................Fn ﺭﺯ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ :f2
255 ...................................................................................................................................ﺔﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﺭﺯ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ :f3
256 ............................................................................................................. ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ/ﺾﻳﺮﻋ ﺭﺯ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ :f4
257 .................................................................................................................. ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺹﺍﺮﻗﺃ ﺺﻴﺼﺨﺗ :f5
258 .............................................................................................................. ﺹﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻ ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺯ :f6
258 ................................................................................................................... ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﻎﻳﺮﻔﺗ ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﻞﻔﻗ :f7
258 ................................................................................................................................ ﺔﻴﺴﻜﻋ ﺕﺍﺮﺷﺆﻣ :f8
259 .......................................................................................................................4 MB-D15 ﺭﺰﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ :f9
259 .............................................................................................................................................................ﻢﻠﻴﻓ :g
259 ..........................................................................................................................................Fn ﺭﺯ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ :g1
260 ..................................................................................................................................ﺔﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﺭﺯ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ :g2
260 ............................................................................................................ ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ/ﺾﻳﺮﻋ ﺭﺯ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ :g3
260 ........................................................................................................................ ﻖﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﺭﺯ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ :g4
xviii
261 ..................................................................................................................... ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ :ﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ
262 ................................................................................................................................ﺓﺮﻛﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﺗ
262 ........................................................................................................................................ﺔﺷﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻄﺳ
263 ........................................................................................................... ﺔﻴﻌﺟﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺭﺎﺒﻐﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺍﺯﺇ
264 ........................................................................................................................................ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﻻﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﻘﺗ
265 ......................................................................................................................... ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺖﻴﻗﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ
265 .....................................................................................................................................(Language) ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ
265 ..................................................................................................................................ﺎﻴﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﻭﺪﺗ
266 .....................................................................................................................................ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
266 .......................................................................................................................................ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻖﻴﻠﻌﺗ
267 ........................................................................................................................... ﺦﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
268 ............................................................................................................................ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﻞﻴﻤﺤﺗ/ﻆﻔﺣ
269 ...............................................................................................................................................ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﺍ ﻖﻓﺃ
270 ........................................................................................................ﺔﻗﺪﺑ ﻲﺋﺎﻘﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ
271 ...........................................................................................................................ﻝﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﻲﻜﻠﺳﻻ ﺊﻳﺎﻬﻣ
272 ...........................................................................................................................................Eye-Fi ﻞﻴﻤﺤﺗ
272 .............................................................................................................................ﺖﺑﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﺨﺴﻧ
273 ..................................................................................................... ﺔﺤﻘﻨﻣ ﺦﺴﻧ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﺇ :ﺢﻴﻘﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ
274 ....................................................................................................................................... ﺔﺤﻘﻨﻣ ﺦﺴﻧ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﺇ
276 ................................................................................................................................................. D-Lighting
276 ............................................................................................................................ ﺀﺍﺮﻤﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ
277 .........................................................................................................................................................ﺐﻳﺬﻬﺗ
277 .................................................................................................................................................ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺣﺃ
278 .........................................................................................................................................ﺢﺷﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺆﻣ
279 ...................................................................................................................................................ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻮﺗ
280 .............................................................................................................................................ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺐﻛﺍﺮﺗ
282 ................................................................................................................................NEF (RAW) ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻣ
283 ............................................................................................................................................. ﻢﺠﺤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ
284 ...............................................................................................................................................ﻊﻳﺮﺳ ﺢﻴﻘﻨﺗ
285 ..........................................................................................................................................................ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ
285 ..........................................................................................................................................ﻩﻮﺸﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﻜﺤﺗ
285 .............................................................................................................................................ﺔﻜﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻋ
286 ............................................................................................................................................. ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ
286 .............................................................................................................................................ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻂﻄﺨﻣ
286 ...............................................................................................................................................ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﻢﻜﺤﺗ
287 ................................................................................................................................................ﺮﻴﻐﺼﺗ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ
288 ..............................................................................................................................................ﻲﺋﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻦﻳﻮﻠﺗ
290 ...............................................................................................................................ﺐﻨﺟ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﺒﻨﺟ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﻣ
291 ..................................................................................................................ﺓﺮﻴﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ m / ﻲﺘﻤﺋﺎﻗ
294 .............................................................................................................................................ﺓﺮﻴﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ
B
N
O
xix
295 ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺕﺎﻈﺣﻼﻣ
295 ........................................................................................................................................ﺔﻘﻓﺍﻮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺪﻌﻟﺍ
303 ............................................................................................................(Speedlights) ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺵﻼﻓ ﺕﺍﺪﺣﻭ
304 .................................................... ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﻦﻣ (CLS) Creative Lighting System ﻲﻋﺍﺪﺑﻹﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ
308 ...................................................................................................................................................ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺎﻤﻛ
311 .............................................................................................. ﺩﺩﺮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺤﻣﻭ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﻞﺻﻮﻣ ﻞﻴﺻﻮﺗ
312 ..............................................................................................................................................ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻳﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ
312 .............................................................................................................................................................ﻦﻳﺰﺨﺘﻟﺍ
312 ..........................................................................................................................................................ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ
313 ............................................................................................................................ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺸﺘﺴﻣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
313 .........................................................................................................................................."ﻥﻵﺍ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ"
314 ......................................................................................................“ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ/ﺀﺪﺑ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ”
315 ........................................................................................................................................ﻱﻭﺪﻴﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ
318 ............................................................................................................ﺕﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ :ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻳﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ
321 .............................................................................................................................................ﺔﺣﺎﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ
324 ........................................................................................................................................ﺔﻴﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ
327 ............................................................................................................. (P ﻊﺿﻮﻟﺍ) ﻲﺋﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ
328 ......................................................................................................................................ﻪﺣﻼﺻﺇﻭ ﻞﻠﺨﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﺤﺗ
328 ....................................................................................................................................................ﺽﺮﻋ/ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺑ
328 .....................................................................................................................................(ﻉﺎﺿﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﻛ) ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ
330 ......................................................................................................................................(M ،A ،S ،P) ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ
330 .................................................................................................................................................................ﺽﺮﻋ
331 ..............................................................................................................................................ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺘﻣ ﻞﻛﺎﺸﻣ
332 ....................................................................................................................................................ﺄﻄﺨﻟﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﺭ
336 ........................................................................................................................................................ﺕﺎﻔﺻﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍ
343 ..................................................................... AF-S DX NIKKOR 105-18 f/3.5-5.6G ED VR ﺔﺳﺪﻋ
347 .............................................................................................................................. ﺓﺪﻤﺘﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻛﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻄﺑ
348 ........................................................................................................................................ﺓﺮﻛﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﺔﻌﺳ
350 .............................................................................................................................. ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻠﻟ ﻲﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ ﺮﻤﻌﻟﺍ
352 ..............................................................................................................................................................ﺱﺮﻬﻔﻟﺍ
xx
ﻚﺘﻣﻼﺳ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ
ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻼﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﺀﺎﺟﺮﺑ ،ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﺮﻄﺨﻟ ﻦﻳﺮﺧﻵﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻚﺴﻔﻧ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻭﺃ ﻚﺑ ﺹﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﺑ ﺭﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﻕﺎﺤﻟﺇ ﻱﺩﺎﻔﺘﻟ
.ﺎﻬﺗﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻜﻟ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﻣﻼﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﺑ ﻆﻔﺘﺣﺍ .ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻛ
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺯﻮﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﺒﺗﺍ ﻡﺪﻌﻟ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺙﺪﺤﺗ
ﺪﻗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻗﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺷﻹﺍ ﻢﺘﻳ
ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺕﺍﺮﻳﺬﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻛ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﺀﺎﺟﺮﺑ ،ﺔﻨﻜﻤﻣ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﺇ ﻱﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﻔﺘﻟ .ﺕﺍﺮﻳﺬﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻝﺪﻳ
.ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ
ﻝﺎﻔﻃﻷﺍ ﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﻆﻔﺤﺗ
ﻰﻟﺇ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺐﺒﺴﺘﻳ ﺪﻗ ﺕﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻉﺎﺒﺗﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ
ﺪﻗ ﺓﺮﻴﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻆﺣﻻ ،ﻚﻟﺫ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﺇ .ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ
ﻉﻼﺘﺑﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻓ .ﻕﺎﻨﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﺮﻄﺨﻟ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺐﺒﺴﺘﺗ
ﺓﺭﺎﺸﺘﺳﺍ ﺀﺎﺟﺮﺑ ،ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺰﺟ ﻱﺃ ﻞﻔﻃ
.ﺭﻮﻔﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﻴﺒﻃ
ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻚﻔﺗ ﻻ
ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺪﻗ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﻷﺍ ﺲﻤﻟ
ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺢﻴﻠﺼﺗ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻞﻄﻋ ﺙﻭﺪﺣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻓ .ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻺﻟ
ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻌﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻓ .ﻂﻘﻓ ﻞﻫﺆﻣ ﻲﻨﻓ ﺪﻳ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻭﺃ ﻁﻮﻘﺴﻟ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻪﺋﺍﺰﺟﺃ ﺭﻮﻬﻇﻭ ﺮﺴﻜﻠﻟ
ﺩﺩﺮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺤﻣ ﻭﺃ/ﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﺰﻧﺍ ،ﺮﺧﺃ ﺙﺩﺎﺤﻟ
ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﻭ
.ﺺﺤﻔﻠﻟ
ﻦﺣﺎﺷ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺲﻣﻼﺗ ﻻ A
ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ
.ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺰﻬﺟﻷﺍ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ﺕﺍﺮﺘﻔﻟ
ﺔﺴﻣﻼﻣ ﻱﺩﺆﺗ ﺪﻗ .ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺃ ﺓﺭﺍﺮﺣ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﻊﻔﺗﺮﺗ
ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ﺕﺍﺮﺘﻔﻟ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺓﺮﺸﺒﻠﻟ ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻟﺍ
.ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﻣ ﺓﺭﺍﺮﺣ ﺕﺎﺟﺭﺪﺑ ﻕﻭﺮﺤﻟ
ﺔﺒﻛﺮﻣ ﻖﺋﺎﺳ ﻮﺤﻧ ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻻ
.ﺙﺩﺍﻮﺣ ﻉﻮﻗﻭ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺪﻗ ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻉﺎﺒﺗﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ
ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﺘﺴﻳﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﻣﻼﻣ ﻱﺩﺎﻔﺗ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﺮﺤﻟﺍ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺮﺴﻜﻠﻟ ﺔﺷﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻌﺗ ﻝﺎﺣ ﻲﻓ
ﻱﺩﺎﻔﺗﻭ ﺭﻮﺴﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﺟﺰﻟﺍ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻺﻟ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ
ﻦﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻝﻮﺧﺪﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺮﺸﺒﻠﻟ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﺘﺴﻳﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﺲﻤﻟ
.ﻢﻔﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ
A
ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﺲﻤﺸﻟﺍ ﻞﻌﺟﺍ
ﺲﻤﺸﻟﺍ ﺀﻮﺿ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺪﻗ .ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺨﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ
ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺒﻳﺮﻗ ﻭﺃ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺲﻤﺸﻟﺍ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ
ﻦﻣ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺀﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺲﻤﺸﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ
A
ﺓﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺋﺍﺩ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﺇ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺪﻗ ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﻝﻼﺧ
ﻦﻴﻌﻤﺑ ﺹﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﺘﺑﻮﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺹﺮﻗ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ
ﻱﺮﺘﺑﻮﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺹﺮﻘﻟ ﻚﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﺭﺬﺣ ﻦﻛ
ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﻲﻓ ﻚﻨﻴﻌﺑ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻌﻤﺑ ﺹﺎﺨﻟﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﻞﻄﻋ ﺙﻭﺪﺣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻖﻠﻏﺍ
ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﻋ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺔﺤﺋﺍﺭ ﻭﺃ ﻥﺎﺧﺩ ﺙﺎﻌﺒﻧﺍ ﺔﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻓ
،(ﺩﺮﻔﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺮﻓﻮﺘﻣ) ﺩﺩﺮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺤﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ
،ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﺰﻧﺍﻭ ﺩﺩﺮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺤﻣ ﻞﺼﻓﺍ
A
A
ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺪﻗ .ﻕﻭﺮﺤﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﺐﻨﺠﺘﻟ ﺭﺬﺤﻟﺍ ﻲﺧﻮﺗ ﺐﺠﻳ
.ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻺﻟ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺍﺮﻤﺘﺳﻻﺍ
ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ،ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺍﺯﺇ ﺪﻌﺑ
ﻝﺎﻌﺘﺷﻼﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺕﺍﺯﺎﻏ ﻂﺳﻭ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
ﺏﻮﺸﻧ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺎﺠﻔﻧﻻﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺪﻗ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﻝﺎﻌﺘﺷﻼﻟ
ﻞﻔﻃ ﻭﺃ ﻊﻴﺿﺭ ﺔﺒﻗﺭ ﻝﻮﺣ ﻖﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻂﻳﺮﺷ ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ
ﺪﻗ ﺮﻴﻐﺻ ﻞﻔﻃ ﻭﺃ ﻊﻴﺿﺭ ﺔﺒﻗﺭ ﻝﻮﺣ ﻖﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻂﻳﺮﺷ ﻒﻟ
ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺲﻤﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ A
.ﻖﻳﺮﺣ ﺏﻮﺸﻧ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ
ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺲﻤﺸﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺮﻈﻨﺗ ﻻ
.ﺄﻄﺨﻟﺎﺑ ﻚﻨﻴﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻚﻌﺑﺎﺻﺃ ﻞﺧﺪﺗ ﻻ ﻰﺘﺣ ﺮﻈﻨﻣ
ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ
.ﺺﺤﻔﻠﻟ
ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺕﺍﺯﺎﻏ ﻂﺳﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﺇ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
.ﻕﺎﻨﺘﺧﻼﻟ ﻪﺿﺮﻌﻳ
A
ﺕﺍﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ ❚❚
A
.ﺭﺎﺼﺑﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
A
ﺮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ
A
ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ
A
.ﻖﻳﺮﺣ
A
ﺮﻴﻐﺻ
xxi
ﻊﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺮﻣ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﻦﺣﺎﺸﻟﺍ
ﺐﺒﺴﺘﻳ ﺪﻗ ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻉﺎﺒﺗﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ .ﹰﺎﻓﺎﺟ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻆﻓﺎﺣ •
.ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺔﻣﺪﺻ ﻭﺃ ﻖﻳﺮﺣ ﺏﻮﺸﻧ ﻲﻓ
ﺀﺍﺰﺟﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺮﺗﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﺠﻳ •
ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺏﺮﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﻭﺃ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﻤﻟﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﺭﺍﺮﻤﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺪﻗ .ﺔﻓﺎﺟ ﺵﺎﻤﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ
.ﻖﻳﺮﺣ ﺏﻮﺸﻧ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻﺍ
ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﻦﺣﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺏﺮﺘﻘﺗ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﻞﺒﻛ ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ •
ﺐﺒﺴﺘﻳ ﺪﻗ ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻉﺎﺒﺗﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ .ﺔﻳﺪﻋﺮﻟﺍ ﻒﺻﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ
.ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺔﻣﺪﺻ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ
.ﻒﻨﻌﺑ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﻞﺒﻛ ﻱﻮﻠﺗ ﻭﺃ ﺪﺸﺗ ﻭﺃ ﻝﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻒﻠﺘﺗ ﻻ •
ﻰﻟﺇ ﻪﺿﺮﻌﺗ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻠﻴﻘﺛ ﻡﺎﺴﺟﺃ ﻞﻔﺳﺃ ﻞﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ
ﺭﻮﻬﻇﻭ ﻝﺯﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻒﻠﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻓ .ﺐﻬﻠﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻦﻴﺨﺴﺘﻟﺍ
ﻞﺜﻤﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﻞﺒﻜﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻙﻼﺳﻷﺍ
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻉﺎﺒﺗﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ .ﺺﺤﻔﻠﻟ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ
.ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺔﻣﺪﺻ ﻭﺃ ﻖﻳﺮﺣ ﺏﻮﺸﻧ ﻲﻓ ﺐﺒﺴﺘﻳ ﺪﻗ
ﻉﺎﺒﺗﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ .ﺔﻠﺘﺒﻣ ﻱﺪﻳﺄﺑ ﻦﺣﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ •
ﺔﻣﺪﺻ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺐﺒﺴﺘﻳ ﺪﻗ ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ
.ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻬﻛ
ﻦﻣ ﻞﻳﻮﺤﺘﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺮﻔﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﻮﺤﻣ ﻊﻣ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ ﻻ •
ﺖﺑﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻳﻮﺤﺗ ﺓﺰﻬﺟﺃ ﻊﻣ ﻭﺃ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻴﻄﻟﻮﻓ
ﻰﻟﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺪﻗ ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻉﺎﺒﺗﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ .ﺩﺩﺮﺘﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﺗ ﻰﻟﺇ
.ﻖﻳﺮﺣ ﺏﻮﺸﻧ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻧﻮﺨﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺐﺒﺴﺘﻳ ﻭﺃ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻒﻠﺗ
ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻙﻼﺳﻷﺍ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ
ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ،ﺝﺮﺨﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻞﺧﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﺒﻘﻤﺑ ﻙﻼﺳﺃ ﻞﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ
ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﻉﺎﺒﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﻙﻼﺳﻷﺍ ﻂﻘﻓ
ﺹﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻴﻘﻓﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻟﺍ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ
.ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟﺎﺑ
ﺔﺠﻣﺪﻤﻟﺍ ﺹﺍﺮﻗﻷﺍ
ﻻ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﺘﻛ ﻭﺃ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺠﻣﺪﻤﻟﺍ ﺹﺍﺮﻗﻷﺍ ﻱﻮﺘﺤﺗ
ﺉﺭﺎﻘﺑ ﺓﺰﻬﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻬﺟﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ
ﺪﻗ ﺕﻮﺻ ﺯﺎﻬﺟ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺠﻣﺪﻤﻟﺍ ﺹﺍﺮﻗﻷﺍ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ .ﺹﺍﺮﻗﺃ
.ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻟﺍ ﻒﻠﺗ ﻭﺃ ﻊﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﺣ ﺪﻘﻓ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ
A
ﻭﺃ ﺓﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺏﺮﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ •
ﻪﺒﻴﺼﻳ ﺪﻗ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻦﻴﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺏﺮﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ •
ﻲﺧﻮﺗ ﺐﺠﻳ .ﺖﻗﺆﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺭﺎﺼﺑﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻌﺑ
ﻥﺃ ﺐﺠﻳ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﻊﺿﺮﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺭﺬﺤﻟﺍ
.ﻑﺪﻬﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻦﻋ ﻞﻘﺗ ﻻ ﺔﻓﺎﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ
ﻊﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺮﻣ ﺐﺠﻳ A
ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﺠﻔﻧﻻﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺐﻳﺮﺴﺘﻠﻟ ﺕﺎﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﺗ ﺪﻗ
ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺮﻣ ﺐﺠﻳ .ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺏﻮﻠﺳﺄﺑ ﺎﻬﻌﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ
ﺕﺎﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟﺍ
ﻊﻣ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ •
ﻭﺃ (ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﺮﺼﻗ) ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺃ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻞﺻﻮﺗ ﻻ •
ﺍﺫﺇ .ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻝﺍﺪﺒﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺗ •
.ﻪﻠﺼﻓ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺗ ،ﺩﺩﺮﺘﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﺗ ﻝﻮﺤﻣ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﺖﻨﻛ
.ﺲﻜﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﻭﺃ ﺏﻮﻠﻘﻤﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻝﻭﺎﺤﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺔﻃﺮﻔﻣ ﺓﺭﺍﺮﺣ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﻭﺃ ﺐﻬﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻌﺗ ﻻ •
ﻻ .ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻘﻧ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﻞﻴﺻﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺃ ﺀﺎﻄﻏ ﺐﻛﺭ •
ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﻣ ﻡﺎﺴﺟﺃ ﻊﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺰﺨﺗ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻘﻨﺗ
A
ﺎﻬﻐﻳﺮﻔﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻓ ﺐﻳﺮﺴﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﺿﺮﻋ ﺕﺎﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ •
،ﻒﻠﺘﻠﻟ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻌﺗ ﻱﺩﺎﻔﺘﻟ .ﻞﻣﺎﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﻦﺤﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ
.ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻦﺤﺸﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻔﻧ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﺰﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺗ
ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺃ ﺀﺎﻄﻏ ﺐﻛﺭ ،ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻓ •
A
ﻭﺃ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺳ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺪﻗ •
ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺓﺪﺘﻤﻣ ﺓﺮﺘﻔﻟ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻓ
ﻉﺰﻧ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻑﺎﻘﻳﺇ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺗ .ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻃ
.ﺩﺮﺒﺗ ﻰﺘﺣ ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺎﻬﻛﺮﺗﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ
ﻝﺎﺣ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻒﻗﻮﺗ •
.ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺮﻴﻐﺗ ﻞﺜﻣ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺮﻴﻐﺗ ﻱﺃ ﺔﻈﺣﻼﻣ
ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻪﺒﺘﻧﺍ A
.ﻕﻭﺮﺣ ﻲﻓ ﺐﺒﺴﺘﻳ ﺪﻗ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺀﺎﻴﺷﺃ
:ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻ
.ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﺎﻬﺿﺮﻌﺗ ﻭﺃ ﺀﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺮﻤﻐﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﺑﺎﺑﺩ ﻭﺃ ﺪﺋﻼﻘﻟﺍ
.ﻑﺎﺟﻭ ﺩﺭﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻧﺰﺧﻭ ﻞﻴﺻﻮﺘﻟﺍ
ﺕﺎﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ
.ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ
.ﺎﻬﻜﻜﻔﺗ
xxii
ﺕﺎﻈﺣﻼﻣ
ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﺗ ﺭﺍﺮﺿﺃ ﻱﺃ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻦﻟ •
.ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ
ﻝﺎﻤﻛﻭ ﺔﻗﺩ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻟ ﺩﻮﻬﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻛ ﻝﺬﺑ ﻢﺗ ﻦﻴﺣ ﻲﻓ •
ﻝﺎﺳﺭﺈﺑ ﺐﺣﺮﻧ ﺎﻨﻧﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﺕﺎﺒﻴﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ
ﻚﺘﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﻞﺜﻤﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻬﻓﺎﺸﺘﻛﺍ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺀﺎﻄﺧﺃ ﻱﺃ
.(ﻞﺼﻔﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻘﻓﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﻭﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ)
ﺍﺬﻫ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺰﺟ ﻱﺃ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻻ •
،ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﻳﺰﺨﺗ ،ﺎﻬﺨﺴﻧ ،ﺎﻬﻠﻳﻮﺤﺗ ﻭﺃ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ
ﻥﺫﺇ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ،ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻱﺄﺑ ،ﻞﻜﺷ ﻱﺄﺑ ﺔﻐﻟ ﻱﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﻭﺃ
.ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻖﺒﺴﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﺘﻛ
ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺻﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲﻓ ﻖﺤﻟﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﻆﻔﺘﺤﺗ •
ﺖﻗﻭ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺰﻬﺟﻷﺎﺑ
.ﻖﺒﺴﻣ ﺭﺎﻄﺧﺇ ﻥﻭﺪﺑﻭ
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ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻭﺃ ﺦﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﻊﻨﻣ ﻥﺄﺸﺑ ﺔﻇﻮﺤﻠﻣ
ﺢﺳﺎﻣ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﺟﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻭﺃ ﹰﺎﻴﻤﻗﺭ ﺎﻬﺨﺴﻧ ﻢﺗ ﺩﺍﻮﻤﺑ ﻅﺎﻔﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﺩﺮﺠﻤﻟ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﻗﺎﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺪﻗ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻆﺣﻻ
.ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﻱﺃ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻗﺭ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻛ ،ﻲﺋﻮﺿ
ﹰ
ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻭﺃ ﺦﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻥﺄﺸﺑ ﺕﺍﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ •
ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻭﺃ ﺦﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﺄﺸﺑ ﺕﺍﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺭﺪﺻﺃ
،ﻢﻬﺳﻷﺍ) ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺪﺼﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻨﺴﻠﻟ
ﺕﺎﻛﺍﺮﺘﺷﺍ ،(
ﻱﺭﻭﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﻰﻧﺩﻷﺍ ﺪﺤﻟﺍ ﺦﺴﻧ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻓ ﻻﺇ ،ﺮﻛﺍﺬﺘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺮﻔﺴﻟﺍ
ﻭﺃ ﺦﺴﻧ ﺯﻮﺠﻳ ﻻ ،ﹰﺎﻀﻳﺃ .ﺔﻛﺮﺷ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﻞﻤﻌﻠﻟ ﻡﺯﻼﻟﺍ
،ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺪﺼﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﻔﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﺍﻮﺟ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ
ﺕﺎﻋﻮﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻛﻮﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺪﺼﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺺﺧﺮﻟﺍ
ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﻞﺜﻣ ،ﺮﻛﺍﺬﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻳﻮﻬﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻄﺑ ،ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟﺍ
ﻭﺃ ﺦﺴﻧ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺦﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﺩﺪﺤﺗ
ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ ﺦﺴﻧ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ
،ﺔﻴﺒﺸﺨﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺣﻮﻠﻟﺍ ،ﻰﻘﻴﺳﻮﻤﻟﺍ ،ﺐﺘﻜﻟﺍ
ﺦﺴﻧ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﺇ ﺽﺮﻐﺑ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺮﻏﻮﺗﻮﻔﻟﺍ
ﺦﻟﺇ ،ﺎﻳﺍﺪﻬﻟﺍ ﻢﺋﺎﺴﻗ ،ﺕﺎﻜﻴﺸﻟﺍ ،ﺮﻴﺗﺍﻮﻔﻟﺍ
.ﺕﺎﺒﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻄﺑﻭ ﺮﻔﺴﻟﺎﺑ
ﺦﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺤﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟﺍ
ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﻼﻓﻷﺍ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﺳﺮﻟﺍ ،ﻂﺋﺍﺮﺨﻟﺍ ،ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺒﻄﻤﻟﺍ
.ﺦﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﻕﺮﺧ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﻏ
ﺕﺎﻈﺣﻼﻤﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ •
ﺎﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺎﻬﺟﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﺨﺴﻧ ﺯﻮﺠﻳ ﻻ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ •
،ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻨﺴﻟﺍ ،ﺕﻼﻤﻌﻟﺍ ،ﺩﻮﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﺪﻴﻌﺗ ﻭﺃ ﺦﺴﻨﺗ ﻻ
،ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻨﺴﻟﺍ
ﻢﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺦﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ "ﺔﻨﻴﻋ" ﺔﻣﻼﻋ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻢﺗ ﻮﻟﻭ ﻰﺘﺣ
ﺕﺍﺪﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺕﻼﻤﻌﻟﺍ ،ﺩﻮﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻭﺃ ﺦﺴﻧ ﺯﻮﺠﻳ ﻻ
.ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺟﺃ ﺔﻟﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻜﺻ ﻢﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ
ﺔﻟﻭﺍﺪﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺪﻳﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﺑﺍﻮﻃ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻭﺃ ﺦﺴﻧ ﺯﻮﺠﻳ ﻻ
ﺪﻌﺑ ﻻﺇ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺪﺼﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺪﻳﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ
.ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻟﺍ
ﺎﻫﺭﺪﺼﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﺑﺍﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻭﺃ ﺦﺴﻧ ﺯﻮﺠﻳ ﻻ
ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺺﻨﻳ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺛﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ
.ﺎﻬﺋﺎﺸﻧﺇ
ﻭﺃ
.ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ
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ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺰﺨﺗ ﺓﺰﻬﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟﺍ
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷﺍ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻑﺬﺤﻳ ﻻ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺰﺨﺗ ﺓﺰﻬﺟﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺮﻛﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﺗ ﻭﺃ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻑﺬﺣ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﺀﺎﺟﺮﺑ
ﺓﺮﻓﻮﺘﻣ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺔﻤﻳﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺰﺨﺗ ﺓﺰﻬﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻓﻭﺬﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﺟﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺣﻷﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻲﻓ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ .ﻲﺋﺎﻬﻧ
ﻚﻠﺗ ﺔﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﻘﺗ .ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﺳﺇ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺪﻗ ﺎﻣ ،ﹰﺎﻳﺭﺎﺠﺗ
.ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ
ﻑﺬﺣ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﺢﺴﻣﺍ ،ﺮﺧﺁ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻪﺘﻴﻜﻠﻣ ﻞﻘﻧ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺰﺨﺗ ﺯﺎﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ
ﺀﺎﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺻ ﻝﺎﺜﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ) ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻮﺘﺤﺗ ﻻ ﺭﻮﺼﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﺌﻠﻣ ﺪﻋﺃ ﻢﺛ ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﺘﺑ ﻢﻗ ﻭﺃ ،ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ
ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ .(95 0) ﻖﺒﺴﻣ ﻂﺒﻀﺑ ﻱﻭﺪﻳ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺪﺤﻣ ﺭﻮﺻ ﻱﺃ ﻝﺍﺪﺒﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﹰﻀﻳﺃ ﺪﻛﺄﺗ .(ﺔﻴﻓﺎﺼﻟﺍ
ﻞﻘﻧ ﻭﺃ
ﻱﺃ ﻑﺬﺤﻟ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ < ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺧ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺎﹰﻀﻳﺃ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺮﺧﺁ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻜﻠﻣ
ﺭﺬﺤﻟﺍ ﻲﺧﻮﺗ ﺐﺠﻳ .ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ ﺓﺪﺣﻭ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺍﺭ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺰﻤﻟ .ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺔﻜﺒﺷ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
.ﺎﹰﻳﺩﺎﻣ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺰﺨﺗ ﺓﺰﻬﺟﺃ ﺮﻴﻣﺪﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﻔﺘﻟ
AVC Patent Portfolio License ﺺﻴﺧﺮﺗ
ﻚﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻟ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻏﻭ ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﻼﻟ AVC P
ATENT PORTFOLIO LICENSE ﺺﻴﺧﺮﺗ ﺐﺟﻮﻤﺑ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺺﻴﺧﺮﺗ ﻢﺗ
ﺱﺭﺎﻤﻳ ﻚﻠﻬﺘﺴﻣ ﻩﺰﻴﻣﺮﺘﺑ ﻡﺎﻗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ AVC ﻮﻳﺪﻴﻓ ﺰﻴﻣﺮﺗ ﻚﻓ (ii) ﻭﺃ/ﻭ ("AVC ﻮﻳﺪﻴﻓ") AVC ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻟ ﺎﹰﻘﻓﻭ ﻮﻳﺪﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻣﺮﺗ (i) ﺽﺮﻐﺑ
ﻢﺘﻳ ﻦﻟﻭ ﺺﻴﺧﺮﺗ ﻱﺃ ﺢﻨﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻻ .AVC ﻮﻳﺪﻴﻓ ﺮﻴﻓﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﻟ ﺺﹼﺧﺮﻣ ﻮﻳﺪﻴﻓ ﺮﻓﻮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻞﺼﺣ ﻭﺃ/ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺮﻴﻏﻭ ﺎﹰﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺎﹰﻃﺎﺸﻧ
ﻊﻗﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺍﺭ .L.L.C ،MPEG LA ﺔﻛﺮﺷ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺰﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ .ﺮﺧﺁ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﻷ ﻪﻨﻴﻤﻀﺗ
http://www.mpegla.com
xxv
ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﺔﻛﺭﺎﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﻮﺴﺴﻛﻹﺍ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ
ﺕﺍﺭﺍﻮﺴﺴﻛﻹﺍ ﻂﻘﻓ .ﺪﻴﻘﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺮﺋﺍﻭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻮﺘﺤﺗﻭ ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻷ ﹰﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻛ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻢﺗ
(ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺩﺩﺮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﻮﺤﻣ ،ﺕﺎﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ،ﻦﺤﺸﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻬﺟﺃ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﻮﺴﺴﻛﺇ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺑ) ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﻹﺍ
ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻣ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻟ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺳﺪﻨﻫ ﺖﻤﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻤﻗﺮﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻛ ﻊﻣ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﺪﺼﻤﻟﺍﻭ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟﺍ ﺮﺋﺍﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﺜﻤﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻼﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟﺍ
ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ .ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﻤﺿ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻣﺮﺤﻳﻭ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﻳ ﺪﻗ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻴﻧﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﺇ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﻮﺴﺴﻛﺇ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ
ﺩﺎﻌﺑﻷﺍ ﻲﺛﻼﺛ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﺭﺎﻌﺷ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﻻ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺷ ﻊﻴﻨﺼﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻦﺤﺸﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﻹ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻡﻮﻴﺜﻴﻟ-ﻥﻮﻳﺃ ﺕﺎﻳﺭﺎﻄﺑ
،ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻄﺒﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺮﺣ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺐﺒﺴﺘﻳ ﻭﺃ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻠﻟ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ
.ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﻉﺯﻮﻤﺑ ﻞﺼﺗﺍ ،ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﺔﻛﺭﺎﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﻮﺴﺴﻛﻹﺍ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟ .ﺐﻳﺮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺭﺎﺠﻔﻧﻻﺍ ،ﺭﺮﺷ ﺭﻭﺪﺻ
ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺘﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﺒﻳﺮﺠﺗ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﻂﻘﺘﻟﺍ ،(ﺔﻠﺣﺭ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺬﺧﺃ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻭﺃ ﻑﺎﻓﺰﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﻔﺣ ﻞﺜﻣ) ﺔﻣﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺳﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ
.ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻮﺼﻘﻟ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺙﺪﺤﺗ ﺪﻗ ﺮﺋﺎﺴﺧ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺍﺮﺿﺃ ﻱﺃ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻦﻟ .ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻋ
ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺘﻳ ﺪﻗ ﺭﺎﺴﻴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺽﻭﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍ
ﺔﻤﻬﻣ ﺭﻮﺻ ﻁﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ A
ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻣ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ
ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺮﻴﻓﻮﺗ ﻢﺘﻳ ،ﺎﻬﺗﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗﻭ ﻢﺋﺍﺩ ﻢﻋﺩ ﺮﻴﻓﻮﺘﻟ "ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻣ ﻢﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ" ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺒﺑ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺰﺠﻛ
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻳﻮﻟﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻣ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺖﻧﺮﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻜﺒﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺍﺮﻤﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﺣ
http://www.nikonusa.com/ :ﺔﻴﻜﻳﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺓﺪﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻻﻮﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻦﻴﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤﻠﻟ •
http://www.europe-nikon.com/support/ :ﺎﻴﻘﻳﺮﻓﺇﻭ ﺎﺑﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻦﻴﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤﻠﻟ •
http://www.nikon-asia.com/ :ﻂﺳﻭﻷﺍ ﻕﺮﺸﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻴﺳﻮﻧﺎﻴﻗﻭﺃ ،ﺎﻴﺳﺁ ﻲﻓ ﻦﻴﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤﻠﻟ •
ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﺢﺋﺎﺼﻧﻭ ،(FAQs) ﺔﻌﺋﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﻸﻟ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺟﺇ ،ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ
ﺓﺭﺎﻳﺰﺑ ﻞﻀﻔﺗ .ﻚﺘﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﻞﺜﻤﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﺿﺇ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ .ﻲﻤﻗﺮﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﺨﺑ
ﺎﻤﻛ ﻚﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﺔﻴﻤﻗﺮﻟﺍ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺎﹰﺼﻴﺼﺧ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺪﻤﺘﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﺔﻛﺭﺎﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺎﻤﻜﻟﺍ ﺖﻤﻤﹸﺻ
ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻨﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺎﻤﻛ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺇ .ﺔﻣﻼﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻣﻭ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻤﻟ ﺎﹰﻘﻓﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺗﺭﺪﻗ ﺖﺘﺒﺛ
ﻞﺜﻤﻣ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻠﺻﺃ ﻉﺯﻮﻣ ﺪﻳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺺﺤﻔﺑ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﺢﺼﻨﺗ .ﻱﺭﻭﺩ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﺗﻭ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺗ ﻭﺫ ﺯﺎﻬﺟ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ
ﻩﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻮﺳﺭ ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻆﺣﻻ) ﻡﺍﻮﻋﺃ ﺲﻤﺧ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺙﻼﺛ ﻞﻛ ﺓﺮﻣ ﺎﻬﺘﻧﺎﻴﺻﻭ ،ﻦﻴﻣﺎﻋ ﻭﺃ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻞﻛ ﺓﺮﻣ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﺔﻣﺪﺧ
ﻕﺎﻓﺭﺇ ﺐﺠﻳ .ﻑﺮﺘﺤﻣ ﻲﻨﻬﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ
ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ ﻭﺃ ﺺﺤﻓ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ،ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﺵﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﺣﻭ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﺳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ،ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺎﻬﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺎﻤﻛ ﻱﺃ
،ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺙﺪﺣﺄﺑ ﻡﺎﻤﻟﻺﻟ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺓﺭﺎﻳﺰﺑ ﻞﻀﻔﺗ
http://imaging.nikon.com/ :ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻂﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ
ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﺔﻛﺭﺎﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺎﻤﻜﻟﺍ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ
.ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﻤﺿ ﻒﻠﺘﻳ ﺪﻗﻭ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﻳ
ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺎﻤﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ
ﻲﻓ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻳﺭﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟﺍﻭ ﺺﺤﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ .(ﺔﻣﺪﺨﻟﺍ
A
D
D
.ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ
xxvi
ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﺽﺍﺮﻌﺘﺳﺍ
،ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻰﺼﻗﺃ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ .ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﻦﻣ (SLR) ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺔﺳﺪﻋ ﺲﻛﺎﻋ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﻤﻗﺭ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻛ ﻚﺋﺍﺮﺸﻟ ﹰﺍﺮﻜﺷ
X
.ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺢﺒﺼﺗ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺑ ﻆﻔﺘﺣﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻛ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻛ ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﺀﺎﺟﺮﺑ
X
ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺯﻮﻣﺮﻟﺍ
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺯﻮﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻢﺗ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻮﺜﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺘﻟ
.ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﻕﺎﺤﻟﺇ ﻱﺩﺎﻔﺘﻟ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﻬﺗﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﺐﺠﻳ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ؛ﺕﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺰﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺮﻴﺸﻳ
.ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﻬﺗﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﺐﺠﻳ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ؛ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺰﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺮﻴﺸﻳ
.ﻞﻴﻟﺪﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺕﺎﺤﻔﺼﻟ ﻊﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺰﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺮﻴﺸﻳ
.ﻚﻴﻤﺳ ﻂﺨﺑ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﺷﺎﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻬﻈﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺨﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﻨﺑ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻢﺘﻳ
❚❚
D
A
0
ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ
.ﺔﻴﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻢﺗ ﻪﻧﺃ ﺽﺍﺮﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻞﻴﻟﺪﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﺴﻔﺘﻟﺍ
.ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﻨﺑ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺻﺎﺧ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ
.ﻞﻴﺻﺎﻔﺘﻠﻟ 19 ﺔﺤﻔﺻ ﺮﻈﻧﺍ
1
ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ
A
A
ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ
ﺪﻴﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻧﺃ ﺪﺠﺗ ﺪﻗ .ﺎﻬﺗﺎﺷﺎﺷﻭ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﺘﻌﺗ ﻰﺘﺣ ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻚﺴﻔﻧ ﺢﻨﻣﺍ
.ﻞﻴﻟﺪﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﻴﻘﺒﻟ ﻚﺗﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﻉﻮﺟﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﺴﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻴﺷﺄﺘﻟﺍ
ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﺟ
1
2
8
9
10
X
3
4
5
6
7
162 ....................................................................ﻢﻠﻴﻓ ﻞﻴﺠﺴﺗ ﺭﺯ
Z/Q ﺭﺯ
83 ................................................................................. ﺓﺮﻳﺎﻌﻣ
32 ...................................................... ﺓﺮﻛﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﺗ
78 ...............................................(E) ﺔﻳﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻼﻋ
8 ..............................................................................ﻢﻜﺤﺗ ﺔﺣﻮﻟ
169 ،164 ......................................................ﻮﻳﺮﻴﺘﺳ ﻥﻮﻓﻭﺮﻜﻴﻣ
57 ،7 .............................................................ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ ﺹﺮﻗ
11
6 ...............................................................................ﻊﺿﻮﻟﺍ ﺹﺮﻗ
12
6 ...........................................................ﻊﺿﻮﻟﺍ ﺹﺮﻗ ﻞﻔﻗ ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ
ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻂﻳﺮﺷ ﺐﻘﺛ
13
57 ،7 .........................................ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﻊﺿﻮﻟﺍ ﺹﺮﻗ ﻞﻔﻗ ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ
303 ............... (ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺵﻼﻓ ﺓﺪﺣﻭ ﺖﻴﺒﺜﺘﻟ) ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﻜﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﻗ
14
303 ......................................................... ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﻜﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﺀﺎﻄﻏ
15
2 ...........................................................................ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻣ
38 ،37 .................................................................ﻖﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﺭﺯ
86 .................................................ﻲﺋﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﻮﻌﺗ
131 ..............................................................ﻦﻳﺭﺰﺑ ﻂﺒﺿ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ
11
12
13
14
15
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
E ﺭﺯ
ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻣ
.ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟ ﺢﺿﻮﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻣ ﺭﺩﺃ.ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻕﻼﻏﻹ ﺢﺿﻮﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻣ ﺭﺩﺃ
A
2
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