Netgear FVX538 Reference Manual
Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
NETGEAR, Inc.
4500 Great America Parkway
Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA
202-10062-02
Version 1.1
January 2005
January 2005
© 2005 by NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved.
Trademarks
NETGEAR is a trademark of Netgear, Inc.
Microsoft, Windows, and Wi ndow s NT are registered trademar ks of Microsoft Corporation.
Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders.
Statement of Conditions
In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, NETGEAR reserves the right to
make changes to the products described in this document without notice.
NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product(s) or circuit
layout(s) described herein.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Compliance Notice: Radio Frequency Notice
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to
part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a
residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and
used in accordance with the instruct ions, may cause harmf ul interference to radio communications. However, there is no
guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to
radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try
to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance
This is to certify that the FVX538 ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 is shielded against the generation of radio interference in
accordance with the application of Council Directive 89/336/EEC, Article 4a. Conformity is declared by the application
of EN 55 022 Class B (CISPR 22).
Bestätigung des Herstellers/Importeurs
Es wird hiermit bestätigt, daß das FVX538 ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 gemäß der im BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 und
Vfg 46/1992 aufgeführten Bestimmungen entstört ist. Das vorschriftsmäßige Betreiben einiger Geräte (z.B. T e stsender)
kann jedoch gewissen Beschränkungen unterliegen. Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung.
Das Bundesamt für Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet, daß dieses Gerät auf den Markt
gebracht wurde und es ist berechtigt, die Serie auf die Erfüllung der Vorschriften hin zu überprüfen.
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
Certificate of the Manufacturer/Importer
It is hereby certified that the FVX538 ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 has been suppressed in accordance with the conditions
set out in the BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 and Vfg 46/1992. The operation of some equipment (for example, test
transmitters) in accordance with the regulations may, however, be subject to certain restrictions. Please refer to the notes
in the operating instructions.
Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market
and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations.
Voluntary Contr ol Council for Interference (VCCI) Statement
This equipment is in the second category (information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area
thereto) and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing
Equipment and Electronic Office Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas.
When used near a radio or TV receiver , it may become the cause of radio interference.
Read instructions for correct handling.
Additional Copyrights
AES Copyright (c) 2001, Dr Brian Gladman <brg@gladman.uk.net>, Worcester, UK.
All rights reserved.
TERMS
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted
subject to the following conditions:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of
conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
provided with the distribution.
3. The copyright holder's name must not be used to endorse or promote any products
derived from this software without his specific prior written permission.
This software is provided 'as is' with no express or implied warranties of correctness or fitness
for purpose.
January 2005
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
Open SSL Copyright (c) 1998-2000 The OpenSSL Project. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted
provided that the following conditions * are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions
and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of
conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
provided with the distribution.
3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software must display the
following acknowledgment: "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL
Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (
4. The names "OpenSSL Toolkit" and "OpenSSL Project" must not be used to endorse or
promote products derived from this software without prior written permission. For written
permission, please contact openssl-core@openssl.org.
5. Products derived from this software may not be called "OpenSSL" nor may "OpenSSL"
appear in their names without prior written permission of the OpenSSL Project.
6. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following acknowledgment: "This
product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL
Toolkit (
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE OpenSSL PROJECT ``AS IS'' AND ANY
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OpenSSL PROJECT OR ITS
CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
http://www.openssl.org/)"
http://www.openssl.org/)"
-4
This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com). This
product includes software written by Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com).
January 2005
Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
MD5 Copyright (C) 1990, RSA Data Security, Inc. All rights reserved.
License to copy and use this software is granted provided that it is identified as the "RSA Data
Security, Inc. MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm" in all material mentioning or referencing this
software or this function. License is also granted to make and use derivative works provided
that such works are identified as "derived from the RSA Data Security, Inc. MD5
Message-Digest Algorithm" in all material mentioning or referencing the derived work.
RSA Data Security, In c. makes no representations concerning either the merchantability of
this software or the suitability of this software for any particular purpose. It is provided "as is"
without express or implied warranty of any kind.
These notices must be retained in any copies of any part of this documentation and/or
software.
PPP Copyright (c) 1989 Carnegie Mellon University. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided that the above
copyright notice and this paragraph are duplicated in all such forms and that any
documentation, advertising materials, and other materials related to such distribution and use
acknowledge that the software was developed by Carnegie Mellon University. The name of
the University may not be used to endor s e or promote products derived from th i s software
without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Zlib zlib.h -- interface of the 'zlib' general purpose compression library version 1.1.4, March 11th,
2002. Copyright (C) 1995-2002 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler.
This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty. In no event will the
authors be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software. Permission is
granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including commercial applications,
and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:
1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote
the original software. If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the
product documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented
as being the original software.
3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
Jean-loup Gailly: jloup@gzip.org; Mark Adler: madler@alu mni.caltech.edu
The data format used by the zlib library is described by RFCs (Request for Comments) 1950
to 1952 in the files ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc1950.txt
and rfc1952.txt (gzip format)
(zlib format), rfc1951.txt (deflate format)
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January 2005
Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
Product and Publication Details
Model Number: FVX538
Publication Date: January 2005
Product Family: Router
Product Name: FVX538 ProSafe VPN Firewall 200
Home or Business Product: Business
Language: English
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
Contents
Chapter 1
About This Manual
Audience, Scope, Conventions, and Formats ................................................................1-1
How to Use This Manual ................................................................................................1-2
How to Print this Manual .................................................................................................1-3
Chapter 2
Introduction
Key Features of the VPN Firewall ..................................................................................2-1
Dual WAN Ports for Increased Reliability or Outbound Load Balancing ..................2-2
A Powerful, True Firewall with Content Filtering ......................................................2-2
Security ....................................................................................................................2-3
Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink ...............................................2-3
Extensive Protocol Support ......................................................................................2-4
Easy Installation and Management ..........................................................................2-4
Maintenance and Support .................. .... ... ... ... .......................................... ... .... ... ... ..2-5
Package Contents ..........................................................................................................2-5
The Router’s Front Panel .........................................................................................2-6
The Router’s Rear Panel .........................................................................................2-8
Rack Mounting the Router .......................................................................................2-8
The Router’s IP Address, Login Name, and Password ............................................2-9
Logging into the Router ...... ... .... ... ... ... .... .......................................... ... ... ... ...............2-9
Default Factory Settings .........................................................................................2-10
NETGEAR Related Products ........................................................................................2-11
Chapter 3
Network Planning
Overview of the Planning Process ..................................................................................3-1
Inbound Traffic .........................................................................................................3-1
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) ..............................................................................3-1
The Roll-over Case for Firewalls With Dual WAN Ports ...........................................3-2
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
The Load Balancing Case for Firewalls With Dual WAN Ports ................................3-2
Inbound Traffic ................................................................................................................3-3
Inbound Traffic to Single WAN Port (Reference Case) ............................................3-3
Inbound Traffic to Dual WAN Port Systems .............................................................3-3
Inbound Traffic: Dual WAN Ports for Improved Reliability .................................3-4
Inbound Traffic: Dual WAN Ports for Load Balancing ........................................3-4
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) .....................................................................................3-5
VPN Road Warrior (Client-to-Gateway) ...................................................................3-6
VPN Road Warrior: Single Gateway WAN Port (Reference Case) ....................3-6
VPN Road Warrior: Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Improved Reliability ............3-7
VPN Road Warrior: Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Load Balancing ...................3-8
VPN Gateway-to-Gateway ........... ... ... .... ... .......................................... ... ... ... .... ... ... ..3-9
VPN Gateway-to-Gateway: Single Gateway WAN Ports (Reference Case) .....3-9
VPN Gateway-to-Gateway: Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Improved Reliability 3-10
VPN Gateway-to-Gateway: Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Load Balancing ....3-11
VPN Telecommuter (Client-to-Gateway Through a NAT Router) ...........................3-12
VPN Telecommuter: Single Gateway WAN Port (Reference Case) ................3-12
VPN Telecommuter: Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Improved Reliability .........3-13
VPN Telecommuter: Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Load Balancing ...............3-14
Chapter 4
Connecting the FVX538 to the Internet
What You Will Need to Do Before You Begin .................................................................4-1
Cabling and Computer Hardware Requirements .....................................................4-3
Computer Network Configuration Requirements ............................. ... ... ... ... .... ... .....4-3
Internet Configuration Requirements ....................................................................... 4-3
Where Do I Get the Internet Configuration Parameters? ............................. ............4-4
Record Your Internet Connection Information ..........................................................4-5
Connecting the FVX538 ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 ........................... .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ..4-6
Step 1: Physically Connect the VPN Firewall to Your Network (Required) ..............4-7
Step 2: Log in to the VPN Firewall (Required) .........................................................4-7
Step 3: Configure the Internet Connections to Your ISPs (Required) ......................4-8
Manually Configuring Your Internet Connection ..............................................4-12
Programming the Traffic Meter (if Desired) .....................................................4-13
Step 4: Configure the WAN Mode (Required for Dual WAN) .................................4-15
Rollover Setup .................................................................................................4-16
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
Load Balancing (and Protocol Binding) Setup .................................................4-17
Step 5: Configure Dynamic DNS (If Needed) ...................................... ... ... ... .... ... ...4-20
Step 6: Configure the W AN Options (If Needed) ....................................................4-23
Chapter 5
LAN Configuration
Using the LAN IP Setup Options ....................................................................................5-1
Configuring LAN TCP/IP Setup Parameters ............................................................5-2
Using the Firewall as a DHCP server .......................................................................5-4
Using Address Reservation ......................................................................................5-5
Multi Home LAN IPs ........ ... ... .... .......................................... ... ... ... .... ... .....................5-6
DMZ Setup .....................................................................................................................5-6
Step 1: Enable the DMZ port .............................................................................5-7
Step 2: Define the DMZ port rules .....................................................................5-8
Configuring Static Routes ...............................................................................................5-9
Chapter 6
Firewall Protection and Content Filtering
Firewall Protection and Content Filtering Overview ............ ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ...............6-1
Using Rules to Block or Allow Specific Kinds of Traffic ..................................................6-1
Services-Based Rules ........................................ .... ... ... ... .........................................6-4
Inbound Rules (Port Forwarding) ......................................................................6-5
Outbound Rules (Service Blocking) .................................................................6-13
Customized Services .......................... ... ... ... .......................................... .... ... ...6-16
Quality of Service (QoS) Priorities ...................................................................6-18
Managing Groups and Hosts .................................... ... ... .......................................6-20
Using a Schedule to Block or Allow Specific Traffic ..................... .... ... ... ................6-22
Time Zone ..............................................................................................................6-24
Block Sites ....................................................................................................................6-24
Source MAC Filtering ...................................................................................................6-27
Port Triggering ............................. .... ... ... ... .... .......................................... ......................6-28
Getting E-Mail Notifications of Event Logs and Alerts ..................................................6-30
Syslog ....................................................................................................................6-33
Viewing Logs of Web Access or Attempted Web Access ......................................6-33
Administrator Information .............................................................................................6-35
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
Chapter 7
Virtual Private Networking
Dual WAN Port Systems .................................................................................................7-1
Rollover vs. Load Balancing Mode ...........................................................................7-1
Fully Qualified Domain Names ..................................... ... .... ... ... ... ............................7-2
Creating a VPN Connection: Between FVX538 and FVX538 ........................................7-5
Configuring the FVX538 ...........................................................................................7-5
Configuring the FVS338 ...........................................................................................7-9
Testing the Connection ...........................................................................................7-11
Creating a VPN Connection: Netgear VPN Client to FVX538 ......................................7-11
Configuring the FVX538 .........................................................................................7-12
Configuring the VPN Client .................... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ..........................................7-12
Testing the Connection ...........................................................................................7-20
Chapter 8
Router and Network Management
Performance Management .............................. ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .........................................8-1
Bandwidth Capacity ..................... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .......................................... ............8-1
VPN Firewall Features That Reduce Traffic .............................................................8-2
Service Blocking .......................... .... .......................................... ........................8-2
Block Sites .........................................................................................................8-4
Source MAC Filtering ........................................................................................8-5
VPN Firewall Features That Increase Traffic ...........................................................8-5
Port Forwarding .................................. ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... .....................................8-5
Port Triggering ....................... ... ... .... ... ...............................................................8-7
DMZ Port ...........................................................................................................8-7
VPN Tunnels ................................................ .... .......................................... ........8-8
Using QoS to Shift the Traffic Mix ............................................................................8-8
Tools for Traffic Management ....... ... ... .... ... .......................................... ... ..................8-8
Administrator and Guest Access Authorization ..............................................................8-8
Changing the Passwords and Login Timeout ..........................................................8-9
Enabling Remote Management Access ...................................................................8-9
Command Line Interface ........................................................................................8-11
Event Alerts ..................................................................................................................8-12
WAN Port Rollover .......... .......................................... .......................................... ...8-12
Traffic Limits Reached ............................................................... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ...8-12
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
Login Failures and Attacks .....................................................................................8-13
Monitoring .................................... .............................................. ...................................8-15
Viewing VPN Firewall Status and Time Information ............................................... 8-15
Firewall Status .................................................................................................8-15
Time Information ..............................................................................................8-17
WAN Ports .............................................................. ... ... ... .... ... ................................8-19
WAN Port Connection Status ...........................................................................8-19
Dynamic DNS Status .......................................................................................8-20
Internet Traffic Information ............................................................ ...................8-20
LAN Ports and Attached Devices ...........................................................................8-21
Known PCs and Devices .................................................................................8-21
DHCP Log .......................................................................................................8-23
Port Triggering Status ..... .... ... ... ....................................... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... ......8-23
Firewall ...................................... ................................ ................................... .......... 8-24
VPN Tunnels ............ .... ... ... ... .......................................... .......................................8-27
SNMP .................................... ................................. ................................ ................ 8-28
Diagnostics ................................... ... ... .... .......................................... ......................8-28
Configuration File Management ...................................................................................8-30
Restoring and Backing Up the Configuration .........................................................8-31
Upgrading the Firewall Software ............................................................................8-31
Erasing the Configuration (Factory Defaults Reset) ...............................................8-32
Chapter 9
Troubleshooting
Basic Functioning ...........................................................................................................9-1
Power LED Not On ...................................................................................................9-1
LEDs Never Turn Off ................................................................................................9-2
LAN or Internet Port LEDs Not On ......... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... .......................................... ..9-2
Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface ..........................................................9-3
Troubleshooting the ISP Connection ..............................................................................9-4
Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility .................................................9-5
Testing the LAN Path to Your Firewall ......................................................................9-5
Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device ................................................9-6
Restoring the Default Configuration and Password ............... .........................................9-7
Problems with Date and Time .........................................................................................9-7
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
Appendix A
Technical Specifications
Appendix B
Network, Routing, Firewall, and Basics
Related Publications ...................................................................................................... B-1
Basic Router Concepts .................................................................................................. B-1
What is a Router? ................................................................................................... B-2
Routing Information Protocol ................................................................................... B-2
IP Addresses and the Internet .. ... .... ... ... ... .... ................................................................. B-2
Netmask .................................... ................................................................ ..............B-4
Subnet Addressing .................................................................................................. B-5
Private IP Addresses ................................. ... ... ... .......................................... ........... B-7
Single IP Address Operation Using NAT ....................................................................... B-8
MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol ................................................. B-9
Related Documents ................................................................................................. B-9
Domain Name Server ............................................................................................ B-10
IP Configuration by DHCP ...................................................................... ... ... ... ... ......... B-10
Internet Security and Firewalls .................................................................................... B-10
What is a Firewall? .................................................................................................B-11
Stateful Packet Inspection ........................... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ..........B-11
Denial of Service Attack ..................................................................................B-11
Ethernet Cabling ................................. ... ... .... ... .......................................... ... ... ... .... ... ...B-11
Category 5 Cable Quality ...................................................................................... B-12
Inside Twisted Pair Cables .................................................................................... B-13
Uplink Switches, Crossover Cables, and MDI/MDIX Switching ............................ B-14
Appendix C
Preparing Your Network
Preparing Your Computers for TCP/IP Networking ................................................... ... . C-1
Configuring Windows 95, 98, and Me for TCP/IP Networking ....................................... C-2
Install or V erify Windows Networking Components ................................................. C-2
Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP/IP Settings .................................C-4
Selecting Windows’ Internet Access Method .......................................................... C-6
Verifying TCP/IP Properties .................................................................................... C-6
Configuring Windows NT4, 2000 or XP for IP Networking ............................................C-7
Install or V erify Windows Networking Components ................................................. C-7
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP/IP Settings .................................C-8
DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows XP ..................................................... C-8
DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows 2000 ................................................ C-10
DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows NT4 .................................................. C-13
Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Windows XP, 2000, and NT4 .............................. C-15
Configuring the Macintosh for TCP/IP Networking ...................................................... C-16
MacOS 8.6 or 9.x .................. .... ... ... .......................................... ............................ C-16
MacOS X ...... ... .......................................... .......................................... ..................C-16
Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Macintosh Computers ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... .....C-17
Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account ....................................................... C-18
Are Login Protocols Used? ................................................................................... C-18
What Is Your Configuration Information? .............................................................. C-18
Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers .......................C-19
Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers .....................C-20
Restarting the Network ................................................................................................ C-21
Appendix D
Virtual Private Networking
What is a VPN? ............................................................................................................. D-1
What Is IPSec and How Does It Work? ......................................................................... D-2
IPSec Security Features .............................. ... ... .... ... ... ... .... .................................... D-2
IPSec Components ................... ... .......................................... ................................. D-2
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) ...................................................................D-3
Authentication Header (AH) ......................... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... . D-4
IKE Security Association ........... .......................................... ... ... ... ........................... D-4
Mode ...................................... ...................... .................... ...................... ........... D-5
Key Management ....................................................................................................D-6
Understand the Process Before You Begin ................................................................... D-6
VPN Process Overview .. .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... .......................................... .................... D-7
Network Interfaces and Addresses ......................................................................... D-7
Interface Addressing ......................................................................................... D-7
Firewalls ........................................................................................................... D-8
Setting Up a VPN Tunnel Between Gateways ........................................................ D-8
VPNC IKE Security Parameters .. .... ... ... ... .... ... ............................................................D-10
VPNC IKE Phase I Parameters .............................................................................D-10
VPNC IKE Phase II Parameters ............................................................................ D-11
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
Testing and Troubleshooting ........................................................................................ D-11
Additional Reading ...................... .... ... .......................................... ... ... .... ..................... D-11
Glossary
List of Glossary Terms ........................................................................................Glossary-1
Numeric ..............................................................................................................Glossary-1
A .........................................................................................................................Glossary-2
B .........................................................................................................................Glossary-2
C ............................................................................ .............................................Glossary-3
D ............................................................................ .............................................Glossary-3
E .........................................................................................................................Glossary-4
G ..................................... .............................................. ...................................... Glossary-5
I .................................... ............. .......... ............. ............. ............. ............. ............ Glossary-5
L ...................................... ................. ............. ................ ................ ................ ......Glossary-7
M ..................................... ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ...... Glossary-7
P .........................................................................................................................Glossary-8
Q ..................................... .............................................. ...................................... Glossary-9
R ............................................................................ .............................................Glossary-9
S .........................................................................................................................Glossary-9
T .......................................................................................................................Glossary-10
U ..................................... ........................................................................... .......Glossary-10
W ......................................................................................................................Glossary-10
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January 2005
Chapter 1
About This Manual
This chapter describes the intended audience, scope, conventions, and formats of this manual.
Audience, Scope, Conventions, and Formats
This reference manual assumes that the reader has basic to intermediate computer and Internet
skills. However, basic computer network, Internet, firewall, and VPN technologies tutorial
information is provided in the Appendices and on the Netgear website.
This guide uses the following typographical conventions:
Table 1-1. Typographical Conventions
italics Emphasis, books, CDs, URL names
bold User input
fixed Screen text, file and server names, extensions, commands, IP addresses
This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages:
Note: This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest.
This manual is written for the FVX538 VPN firewall according to these specifications.:
Table 1-2. Manual Scope
Product Version FVX538 ProSafe VPN Firewall 200
Manual Publication Date January 2005
Note: Product updates are available on the NETGEAR, Inc. Web site at
http://kbserver.netgear.com/products/FVX538.asp.
About This Manual 1-1
January 2005
Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
How to Use This Manual
The HTML version of this manual includes the following:
• Buttons, and , for browsing forwards or backwards through the manual one page
at a time
• A button that displays the table of contents and an button. Double-click on a
link in the table of contents or index to navigate directly to where the topic is described in the
manual.
• A button to access the full NETGEAR, Inc. online knowledge base for the
product model.
• Links to PDF versions of the full manual and individual chapters.
1-2 About This Manual
January 2005
Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
How to Print this Manual
To print this manual you can choose one of the following several options, according to your needs.
• Printing a Page in the HTML View.
Each page in the HTML version of the manual is dedicated to a major topic. Use the Print
button on the browser toolbar to print the page contents.
• Printing a Chapter.
Use the PDF of This Chapter link at the top left of any page.
– Click the “PDF of This Chapter” link at the top right of any page in the chapter you want
to print. The PDF version of the chapter you were viewing opens in a browser window.
Note: Your computer must have the free Adobe Acrobat reader installed in order to view
and print PDF files. The Acrobat reader is available on the Adobe Web site at
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Use the Complete PDF Manua l link at the top left of any page.
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About This Manual 1-3
January 2005
Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
1-4 About This Manual
January 2005
Chapter 2
Introduction
This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR FVX538 ProSafe VPN Firewall 200.
Key Features of the VPN Firewall
The FVX538 ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 with 8+1 port switch connects your local area network
(LAN) to the Internet through an external access device such as a cable modem or DSL modem.
The FVX538 is a complete security solution that protects your network from attacks and
intrusions. Unlike simple Internet sharing firewalls that rely on Network Address Translation for
security, the FVX538 uses S tateful Packet Inspection for Denial of Service (DoS) attack protection
and intrusion detection. The FVX538 VPN firewall provides you with multiple Web content
filtering options, plus browsing activity reporting and instant alerts -- both via e-mail. Network
administrators can establish restricted access policies based on time-of-day, W e bsite addresses and
address keywords.
With minimum setup, you can install and use the firewall within minutes.
The FVX538 VPN firewall provides the following features:
• 2 10/100 Mbps ports for an Ethernet connection to a WAN device, such as a cable modem or
DSL modem.
• Dual WAN ports provide for increased system reliability and provide load balancing and link
aggregation.
• Support for up to 200 VPN tunnels.
• Easy, web-based setup for installation and management.
• URL keyword Content Filtering and Site Blocking Security.
• Quality of Service (QoS) support for traffic prioritization.
• Built in 8-port 10/100 Mbps switch plus 1 Gigabit Switch port.
• One console port for local management.
• Extensive Protocol Support.
• Login capability.
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
• Front panel LEDs for easy monitoring of status and activity.
• Flash memory for firmware upgrade.
• 1 U Rack mountable.
Dual WAN Ports for Increased Reliability or Outbound Load Balancing
The FVX538 VPN firewall has two broadband WAN ports, WAN1 and WAN2, each capable of
operating independently at speeds of either 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps. The two WAN ports let you
connect a second broadband Internet line that can be configured on a mutually-exclusive basis to:
• Provide backup and rollover if one line is inoperable, ensuring you are never disconnected.
• Load balance, or use both Internet lines simultaneously for the outgoing traffic. The firewall
balances users between the two lines for maximum bandwidth efficiency.
See “Network Planning” on page 3-1 for the planning factors to consider when implementing the
following capabilities with dual WAN port gateways:
• Single or multiple exposed hosts
• V irtual private networks
A Powerful, True Firewall with Content Filtering
Unlike simple Internet sharing NAT routers, the FVX538 is a true firewall, using stateful packet
inspection to defend against hacker attacks. Its firewall features include:
• DoS protection.
Automatically detects and thwarts DoS attacks such as Ping of Death, SYN Flood, LAND
Attack, and IP Spoofing.
• Blocks unwanted traffic from the Internet to your LAN.
• Blocks access from your LAN to Internet locations or services that you specify as off-limits.
• Logs security incidents.
The FVX538 will log security events such as blocked incoming traffic, port scans, attacks, and
administrator logins. You can configure the firewall to email the log to you at specified
intervals. You can also configure the firewall to send immediate alert messages to your email
address or email pager whenever a significant event occurs.
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
• With its URL keyword filtering feature, the FVX538 prevents objectionable content from
reaching your PCs. The firewall allows you to control access to Internet content by screening
for keywords within Web addresses. You can configure the firewall to log and report attempts
to access objectionable Internet sites.
Security
The FVX538 VPN firewall is equipped with several features designed to maintain security, as
described in this section.
• PCs Hidden by NAT
NAT opens a temporary path to the Internet for requests originating from the local network.
Requests originating from outside the LAN are discarded, preventing users outside the LAN
from finding and directly accessing the PCs on the LAN.
• Port Forwarding with NAT
Although NAT prevents Internet locations from directly accessing the PCs on the LAN, the
firewall allows you to direct incoming traffic to specific PCs based on the service port number
of the incoming request. You can specify forwarding of single ports or ranges of ports.
• DMZ port
Incoming traffic from the Internet is normally discarded by the firewall unless the traffic is a
response to one of your local computers or a service for which you have configured an
inbound rule. Instead of discarding this traffic, you can have it forwarded to one computer on
your network.
Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink
With its internal 8-port 10/100 switch, the FVX538 can connect to either a 10 Mbps standard
Ethernet network or a 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet network. Both the LAN and WAN interfaces are
autosensing and capable of full-duplex or half-duplex operation.
The firewall incorporates Auto Uplink
whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a ‘normal’ connection such as to a
PC or an ‘uplink’ connection such as to a switch or hub. That port will then configure itself to the
correct configuration. This feature also eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables, as
Auto Uplink will accommodate either type of cable to make the right connection.
Introduction 2-3
TM
technology. Each Ethernet port will automatically sense
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
Extensive Protocol Support
The FVX538 VPN firewall supports the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
and Routing Information Protocol
Appendix B, “Network, Routing, Firewall, and Basics.”
• IP Address Sharing by NAT
The FVX538 VPN firewall allows several networked PCs to share an Internet account using
only a single IP address, which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your Internet
service provider (ISP). This technique, known as NAT, allows the use of an inexpensive
single-user ISP account.
• Automatic Configuration of Attached PCs by DHCP
The FVX538 VPN firewall dynamically assigns network configuration information, including
IP, gateway, and domain name server (DNS) addresses, to attached PCs on the LAN using the
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). This feature greatly simplifies configuration
of PCs on your local network.
• DNS Proxy
When DHCP is enabled and no DNS addresses are specified, the firewall provides its own
address as a DNS server to the attached PCs. The firewall obtains actual DNS addresses from
the ISP during connection setup and forwards DNS requests from the LAN.
(RIP). For further information about TCP/IP, refer to
• PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)
PPPoE is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over a DSL connection by
simulating a dial-up connection. This feature eliminates the need to run a login program such
as EnterNet or WinPOET on your PC.
Easy Installation and Management
You can install, configure, and operate the FVX538 ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 within minutes
after connecting it to the network. The following features simplify installation and management
tasks:
• Browser-based management
Browser-based configuration allows you to easily configure your firewall from almost any
type of personal computer, such as Windows, Macintosh, or Linux. A user-friendly Setup
Wizard is provided and online help documentation is built into the browser-based Web
Management Interface.
• Smart Wizard
The FVX538 VPN firewall automatically senses the type of Internet connection, asking you
only for the information required for your type of ISP account.
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
•VPN Wizard
The FVX538 VPN firewall includes the NETGEAR VPN Wizard to easily configure VPN
tunnels according to the recommendations of the Virtual Private Network Consortium (VPNC)
to ensure the VPN tunnels are interoperable with other VPNC-compliant VPN routers and
clients.
•SNMP
The FVX538 VPN firewall supports the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) to let
you monitor and manage log resources from an SNMP-compliant system manager. The SNMP
system configuration lets you change the system variables for MIB2.
• Diagnostic functions
The firewall incorporates built-in diagnostic functions such as Ping, Trace Route, DNS
lookup, and remote reboot.
• Remote management
The firewall allows you to login to the Web Management Interface from a remote location on
the Internet. For security, you can limit remote management access to a specified remote IP
address or range of addresses, and you can choose a nonstandard port number.
• Visual monitoring
The FVX538 VPN firewall’s front panel LEDs provide an easy way to monitor its status and
activity.
Maintenance and Support
NETGEAR offers the following features to help you maximize your use of the FVX538 VPN
firewall:
• Flash memory for firmware upgrade
• Free technical support seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day
Package Contents
The product package should contain the following items:
• FVX538 ProSafe VPN Firewall 200.
• AC power cable.
• 19-inch rack mounting hardware and rubber feet.
• Category 5 (Cat 5) Ethernet cable.
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
• Resource CD for ProSafe VPN Firewall, including:
— This guide.
— Application Notes and other helpful information.
— ProSafe VPN Client Software - five user license.
• Warranty and Support Information Card.
If any of the parts are incorrect, missing, or damaged, contact your NETGEAR dealer. Keep the
carton, including the original packing materials, in case you need to return the firewall for repair.
The Router’ s Front Panel
The FVX538 ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 front panel shown below contains the port connections,
status LEDs, and the factory defaults reset button.
Link/Act
ProSafeVPN Firewall
Power
Test
Link/Act 100Link/Act 100
Active Active
WAN1
100
1
5
WAN2
4
Gigabit
Link/Act Speed
8
LAN
DMZ
CONSOLE
MODEL
FVX538
Factor y
Defaults
Power Test
LED LED
WAN1 Port
and LEDs
WAN2 Port
and LEDs
LAN Ports
and LEDs
DMZ Port
and LEDs
Gigabit Port
and LEDs
Console
Port
Factory
Defaults
Button
Figure 2-1: FVX538 Front Panel
You can use the LEDs to verify various conditions. Table 2-1 lists and describes each object on the
front panel of the firewall and its operation.
Table 2-1. Object Descriptions
Object Activity Description
Power LED On (Green)
Off
Test LED On (Amber)
Blinking (Amber)
Off
2-6 Introduction
Power is supplied to the firewall.
Power is not supplied to the firewall.
Test mode: The system is initializing or the initialization has failed.
Writing to Flash memory (during upgrading or resetting to defaults).
The system has booted successfully.
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
Table 2-1. Object Descriptions (continued)
Object Activity Description
WAN Ports
and LEDs
LAN Ports
and LEDs
Gigabit Port
and LEDs
Console
Port
Factory
Defaults
Two RJ-45 WAN ports N-way automatic speed negotiation, Auto MDI/MDIX.
Link/Act LED
On (Green)
Blinking (Green)
Off
100 LED
On (Green)
Off
Active LED
On (Green)
On (Amber)
Off
8-port RJ-45 10/100
Mbps Fast Ethernet
Switch
Link/Act LED
On (Green)
Blinking (Green)
Off
100 LED
On (Green)
Off
DMZ (port 8)
On (Green)
Off
Gbit RJ-45 connector Port for connecting to a gigabit Ethernet device.
Link/Act LED
On (Green)
Blinking (Green)
Off
Speed LED
On (Green)
On (Amber)
Off
DB9 male connector Port for connecting to an optional console terminal. Default baud rate
— Factory Defaults reset push button (see “Default Factory Settings” on
The WAN port has detected a link with a connected Ethernet device.
Data is being transmitted or received by the WAN port.
The WAN port has no link.
The WAN port is operating at 100 Mbps.
The WAN port is operating at 10 Mbps.
The WAN port has a valid Internet connection.
The Internet connection is down or not being used.
The WAN port is either not enabled or has no link.
N-way automatic speed negotiation, auto MDI/MDIX.
The LAN port has detected a link with a connected Ethernet device.
Data is being transmitted or received by the LAN port.
The LAN port has no link.
The LAN port is operating at 100 Mbps.
The LAN port is operating at 10 Mbps.
Port 8 is operating as a dedicated hardware DMZ port.
Port 8 is operating as a normal LAN port.
The LAN port has detected a link with a connected Ethernet device.
Data is being transmitted or received by the LAN port.
The LAN port has no link.
The LAN port is operating at 1,000 Mbps.
The LAN port is operating at 100 Mbps.
The LAN port is operating at 10 Mbps.
is 115.2K; pinouts: (2) Tx, (3) Rx, (5) and (7) Gnd.
page 2-10 for the factory defaults).
Introduction 2-7
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
The Router’s Rear Panel
The rear panel of the FVX538 ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 (Figure 2-2) contains the On/Of f switch
and AC power connection.
100-240VAC, 50-60Hz,0.7A max.
AC Power
Connection
Figure 2-2: FVX538 Rear Panel
On/Off
Switch
Viewed from left to right, the rear panel contains the following elements:
•AC power in
•On/Off switch
Rack Mounting the Router
The FVX538 can be mounted either on a desktop (using included rubber feet) or in a 19-inch rack
(using the included rack mounting hardware illustrated in Figure 2-3).
Figure 2-3: Attaching Mounting Brackets
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
The Router’s IP Address, Login Name, and Password
Check the label on the bottom of the FVX538’s enclosure if you forget the following factory
default information:
• IP Address: http://192.168.1.1 to reach the Web-based GUI from the LAN
•User name: admin
• Password: password
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVX538
LAN IP Address
User Name
Password
http://192.168.1.1
user name: admin
password: password
MAC
(internet)
(local)
DEFAULT ACCESS
N10947
(internet)
E-E011-02-4749(B
MAC
SERIALMAC
)
272-10134-01
Figure 2-4: FVX538 Bottom Label
Logging into the Router
To log into the FVX538 once it is connected,
1. Open a Web browser.
2. Enter http://192.168.1.1 as the URL.
3. Once you get the login screen (Figure 2-5), enter the following information:
• admin for User Name
• password for Password
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
Figure 2-5: Login screen on the Web browser
Default Factory Settings
When you first receive your FVX538, the default factory settings will be set as shown in Table 2-1
below . You can restore these defaults with the Factory Defaults restore switch on the front panel —
see “The Router’s Front Panel” on page 2-6.
• Pressing this switch until the TEST LED blinks (approximately 10 seconds) causes the
firewall to restore all factory default settings and reboot.
• A shorter press and release causes the firewall to merely reboot.
Table 2-1. Factory Default Settings
Feature Default
User Name (case sensitive) admin
Password (case sensitive) password
Built-in DHCP server DHCP server is enabled, issues addresses in the
default subnet
IP Configuration IP Address: 192.168.1.1
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 0.0.0.0
Time Zone GMT
Time Zone Adjust for Daylight Saving TIme Enabled
SNMP Disabled
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
NETGEAR Related Products
NETGEAR products related to the FVX538 ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 are as follows:
• FA311 10/100 PCI Adapter
• FA511 10/100 32-bit CardBus Adapter
• GA311 10/100/1000 PCI Adapter
• FVL328 ProSafe VPN Firewall
• FVS318 ProSafe VPN Firewall 8
• FVS338 ProSafe VPN Firewall 50
• FWG114P ProSafe 802.11g Wireless Firewall with USB Print Server
• NMS100 ProSafe Network Management System
• VPN01L and VPN05L ProSafe VPN Client Software
• WG302 ProSafe 802.11g Access Point
Introduction 2-11
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538
2-12 Introduction
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