LM1815
Adaptive Variable Reluctance Sensor Amplifier
LM1815 Adaptive Variable Reluctance Sensor Amplifier
April 2003
General Description
The LM1815 is an adaptive sense amplifier and default
gating circuit for motor control applications. The sense amplifier provides a one-shot pulse output whose leading edge
coincides with the negative-going zero crossing of a ground
referenced input signal such as from a variable reluctance
magnetic pick-up coil.
In normal operation, this timing reference signal is processed (delayed) externally and returned to the LM1815. A
Logic input is then able to select either the timing reference
or the processed signal for transmission to the output driver
stage.
The adaptive sense amplifier operates with a positive-going
threshold which is derived by peak detecting the incoming
signal and dividing this down. Thus the input hysteresis
varies with input signal amplitude. This enables the circuit to
sense in situations where the high speed noise is greater
than the low speed signal amplitude. Minimum input signal is
P-P
.
150mV
Connection Diagram
Features
n Adaptive hysteresis
n Single supply operation
n Ground referenced input
n True zero crossing timing reference
n Operates from 2V to 12V supply voltage
n Handles inputs from 100 mV
external resistor
n CMOS compatible logic
to over 120V
P-P
Applications
n Position sensing with notched wheels
n Zero crossing switch
n Motor speed control
n Tachometer
n Engine testing
P-P
with
Top View
Order Number LM1815M or LM1815N
See NS Package Number M14A or N14A
© 2003 National Semiconductor Corporation DS007893 www.national.com
00789301
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
LM1815
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Supply Voltage 12V
Power Dissipation (Note 2) 1250 mW
Operating Temperature Range −40˚C ≤ T
≤ +125˚C
A
Storage Temperature Range −65˚C ≤ T
≤ +150˚C
J
Junction Temperature +150˚C
Input Current
±
30 mA
Lead Temperature
(Soldering, 10 sec.) 260˚C
Electrical Characteristics (T
= 25˚C, VCC= 10V, unless otherwise specified, see Figure 1)
A
Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units
Operating Supply Voltage 2.5 10 12 V
Supply Current Pin 3 = -0.1V, Pin 9 = 2V, Pin 11 = 0.8V 3.6 6 mA
Reference Pulse Width f
Logic Input Bias Current V
Signal Input Bias Current V
= 1Hz to 2kHz, R = 150kΩ, C = 0.001µF 70 100 130 µs
IN
= 2V, (Pin 9 and Pin 11) 5 µA
IN
= 0V dc, (Pin 3) -200 nA
IN
Logic Threshold (Pin 9 and Pin 11) 0.8 1.1 2.0 V
V
High RL=1kΩ, (Pin 10) 7.5 8.6 V
OUT
V
Low I
OUT
Output Leakage Pin 12 V
Saturation Voltage P12 I
Input Zero Crossing Threshold All Modes, V
Minimum Input Arming
Threshold
Adaptive Input Arming
Threshold
Note 1: “Absolute Maximum Ratings” are those values beyond which the safety of the device cannot be guaranteed. They are not meant to imply that the devices
should be operated at these limits. The table of “Electrical Characteristics” specifies conditions of device operation.
Note 2: For operation at elevated temperatures, the device must be derated based on a 150˚C maximum junction temperature and a thermal resistance of 80˚C/W
(DIP), 120˚C/W (SO-14) junction to ambient.
Note 3: Tested per Figure 1, V
Note 4: The Min/Typ Max limits are relative to the positive voltage peak seen at V
SIGNAL
= 0.1mA, (Pin 10) 0.3 0.4 V
SINK
= 11V 0.01 10 µA
12
= 2mA 0.2 0.4 V
12
= 1V pk-pk -25 0 25 mV (Note 4)
SIGNAL
Mode 1, Pin 5 = Open 30 45 60 mV (Note 4)
Mode 2, Pin5=V
CC
200 300 450 mV (Note 4)
Mode 3, Pin 5 = Gnd -25 0 25 mV (Note 4)
Mode 1, Pin 5 = Open
V
≥ 230mV pk-pk (Note 3)
SIGNAL
Mode 2, Pin5=V
V
≥ 1.0V pk-pk (Note 3)
SIGNAL
Mode 3, Pin5=Gnd
V
is a Sine Wave; F
≥ 150mV pk-pk (Note 3)
SIGNAL
SIGNAL
CC
is 1000Hz.
IN
Pin 3.
40 80 90 % (Note 4)
80 % (Note 4)
80 % (Note 4)
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Typical Performance Characteristics
LM1815
Mode 1 Minimum Arming Threshold
vs Temperature
Mode 3 Minimum Arming Threshold
vs Temperature
00789305
Mode 2 Minimum Arming Threshold
vs Temperature
Mode 1 Minimum Arming Threshold
vs V
CC
00789306
Mode 2 Minimum Arming Threshold
vs V
CC
00789307 00789308
Pin3V
vs V
00789309 00789310
IN
SIGNAL
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Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
LM1815
vs V
vs V
Pin3V
SIGNAL,RIN
Pin3V
SIGNAL,RIN
IN
= 10kΩ
IN
= 50kΩ
Pin3V
vs V
SIGNAL,RIN
00789311 00789312
IN
= 20kΩ
Pin 3 Bias Current
vs Temperature
00789313 00789314
Peak Detector Charge Current
vs Temperature
00789315 00789316
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Peak Detector Charge Current
vs V
CC
Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
LM1815
Peak Detector Voltage
vs Pin 3 V
, Mode 1
IN
Peak Detector Voltage
vs Pin 3 VIN, Mode 2
00789317 00789318
Peak Detector Voltage
vs Pin 3 V
, Mode 3
IN
00789319
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Truth Table
LM1815
Signal
Input
Pin 3
±
Pulses RC L X Pulses = RC
XXHH H
XXHL L
±
Pulses L L L Zero
RC
Timing
Pin 14
Input
Select
Pin 11
Timing
Input
Pin 9
Gated
Output
Pin 10
Crossing
FIGURE 1. LM1815 Adaptive Sense Amplifier
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00789302
00789304
LM1815
Schematic Diagram
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Application Hints
LM1815
00789303
FIGURE 2. LM1815 Oscillograms
INPUT VOLTAGE CLAMP
The signal input voltage at pin 3 is internally clamped. Current limit for the Input pin is provided by an external resistor
which should be selected to allow a peak current of
normal operation. Positive inputs are clamped by a 1kΩ
resistor and series diode (see R4 and Q12 in the internal
schematic diagram), while an active clamp limits pin 3 to
typically 350mV below Ground for negative inputs (see R2,
R3, Q10, and Q11 in the internal schematic diagram). Thus
for input signal transitions that are more than 350mV below
Ground, the input pin current (up to 3mA) will be pulled from
the V+ supply. If the V+ pin is not adequately bypassed the
resulting voltage ripple at the V+ pin will disrupt normal
device operation. Likewise, for input signal transitions that
are more than 500mV above Ground, the input pin current
will be dumped to Ground through device pin 2. Slight shifts
in the Ground potential at device pin 2, due to poor grounding techniques relative to the input signal ground, can cause
unreliable operation. As always, adequate device grounding,
and V+ bypassing, needs to be considered across the entire
input voltage and frequency range for the intended application.
INPUT CURRENT LIMITING
As stated earlier, current limiting for the Input pin is provided
by a user supplied external resistor. For purposes of selecting the appropriate resistor value the Input pin should be
considered to be a zero ohm connection to ground. For
applications where the input voltage signal is not symmetrical with relationship to Ground the worst case voltage peak
should be used.
Minimum Rext = [(Vin peak)/3mA]
In the application example shown in figure 1 (Rext = 18kΩ)
the recommended maximum input signal voltage is
(i.e. 108Vp-p).
OPERATION OF ZERO CROSSING DETECTOR
The LM1815 is designed to operate as a zero crossing
detector, triggering an internal one shot on the negativegoing edge of the input signal. Unlike other zero crossing
±
3mAin
±
54V
detectors, the LM1815 cannot be triggered until the input
signal has crossed an "arming" threshold on the positivegoing portion of the waveform. The arming circuit is reset
when the chip is triggered, and subsequent zero crossings
are ignored until the arming threshold is exceeded again.
This threshold varies depending on the connection at pin 5.
Three different modes of operation are possible:
MODE 1, PIN 5 OPEN
The adaptive mode is selected by leaving device pin 5 open
circuit. For input signals of less than
mVp-p) and greater than typically
the input arming threshold is typically at 45mV. Under these
conditions the input signal must first cross the 45mV threshold in the positive direction to arm the zero crossing detector,
and then cross zero in the negative direction to trigger it.
If the signal is less than 30mV peak (minimum rating in
Electrical Characteristics), the one shot is guaranteed to not
trigger.
±
Input signals of greater than
cause the arming threshold to track at 80% of the peak input
voltage. A peak detector capacitor at device pin 7 stores a
value relative to the positive input peaks to establish the
arming threshold. Input signals must exceed this threshold in
the positive direction to arm the zero crossing detector,
which can then be triggered by a negative-going zero crossing.
The peak detector tracks rapidly as the input signal amplitude increases, and decays by virtue of the resistor connected externally at pin 7 track decreases in the input signal.
If the input signal amplitude falls faster than the voltage
stored on the peak detector capacitor there may be a loss of
output signal until the capacitor voltage has decayed to an
appropriate level.
Note that since the input voltage is clamped, the waveform
observed at pin 3 is not identical to the waveform observed
at the variable reluctance sensor. Similarly, the voltage
stored at pin 7 is not identical to the peak voltage appearing
at pin 3.
230mV (i.e. 460 mVp-p) will
±
135mV (i.e. 270
±
75mV (i.e. 150mVp-p),
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Application Hints (Continued)
MODE 2, PIN 5 CONNECTED TO V+
The input arming threshold is fixed at 200mV minimum when
device pin 5 is connected to the positive supply. The chip has
no output for signals of less than
and triggers on the next negative-going zero crossing when
the arming threshold is has been exceeded.
MODE 3, PIN 5 GROUNDED
With pin 5 grounded, the input arming threshold is set to 0V,
±
25mV maximum. Positive-going zero crossings arm the
chip, and the next negative-going zero crossing triggers it.
This is the very basic form of zero-crossing detection.
ONE SHOT TIMING
The one shot timing is set by a resistor and capacitor connected to pin 14. The recommended maximum resistor value
is 150kohms. The capacitor value can be changed as
needed, as long as the capacitor type does not present any
signfigant leakage that would adversely affect the RC time
constant.
The output pulse width is:
pulse width = 0.673xRxC (1)
±
200 mV (i.e. 400mVp-p)
LM1815
For a given One Shot pulse width, the recommended maximum input signal frequency is:
Fin(max) = 1/(1.346xRxC) (2)
In the application example shown in figure 1 (R=150kohms,
C=0.001µF) the recommended maximum input frequency
will typically be 5kHz. Operating with input frequencies
above the recommended Fin (max) value may result in
unreliable performance of the One Shot circuitry. For those
applications where the One Shot circuit is not required,
device pin 14 can be tied directly to Ground.
LOGIC INPUTS
In some systems it is necessary to externally generate
pulses, such as during stall conditions when the variable
reluctance sensor has no output. External pulse inputs at pin
9 are gated through to pin 10 when Input Select (pin 11) is
pulled high. Pin 12 is a direct output for the one shot and is
unaffected by the status of pin 11.
Input/output pins 9, 11, 10, and 12 are all CMOS logic
compatible. In addition, pins 9, 11, and 12 are TTL compatible. Pin 10 is not guaranteed to drive a TTL load.
Pins 1, 4, 6 and 13 have no internal connections and can be
grounded.
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Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters)
unless otherwise noted
LM1815
14-Lead Small Outline Circuit (M)
Order Number LM1815M
NS Package Number M14A
Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N)
Order Number LM1815N
NS Package Number N14A
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Notes
LM1815 Adaptive Variable Reluctance Sensor Amplifier
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support device or system whose failure to perform
can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of
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safety or effectiveness.
labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a
significant injury to the user.
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National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.
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