Mitsubishi SL-, L2A, L2C, L3C, L3E Operation Manual
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Operation Manual Mitsubishi SL-Series diesel engines
Version 08/2004
INTRODUCTION
ENGLISH
INTRODUCTION
This publication covers the standard specification model for the Mitsubishi SL-Series diesel engin es. The
information, specifications, and illustrations in this publication are based on the information that was
current at the time this issue was written.
This manual contains operation instructions, lubrication and maintenance information.
The OPERATION section is a reference for the new operator and a refresher for the experienced
operator. Re ad — study — and keep it hand y. Illustrations guide the operator through correct procedures
of checking, starting, operating, and stopping the engine. Operating techniques outlined in this manual
are basic. Skills and techniques develop as the operator gains knowledge of the engine.
The MAINTENANCE section is a guide to engine care. The illustrated, step-by-step instructions are
grouped by service intervals. Items without specific intervals are listed under "When Required." Items in
the Lubrication and Maintenance Chart are referred to in the detailed instructions which follow.
Notice that the technical information in this manual depends on the specification of the engine and the
accessories. All specifications are subject to change without any prior notice.
For items other than those in this publication, please refer to the operation manual of t he equipment
in which this engine is installed.
Operation Manual
Mitsubishi SL-Series diesel engines
Version 08/2004
Copyright © 2003 MHI Equipment Europe B.V.
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Operation Manual Mitsubishi SL-Series diesel engines
Version 08/2004
ENGLISH
WARNING SIGNS
WARNING SIGNS
The following safety related signs are used in this manual to emphasize important and critical instructions:
Symbols
3 Indicates a proper action or "DO".
; Indicates a prohibited action or "DON’T".
Recommendation of daily operation records
It is obvious to every engine user and operator that an
engine should not be run to destruction. Daily recording
is a preventive maintenance program and will serve as a
guide for:
• Effective troubleshooting (to help a serviceman
from your Mitsubishi dealer to pin-point a problem).
• Quick service and less downtime (to help a
serviceman from your Mitsubishi dealer save time
(and costs for service))
• Grasp of operating conditions (to help you
recognize conditions, signs or indications of
approaching trouble)
Items to be recorded
The following items are recommended to be recorded:
1. Operating hours (service hour meter reading)
2. The amount of oil, fuel, and coolant (soft water)
required for refilling
3. Oil and coolant change intervals
4. Engine oil pressure, exhaust temperature, coolant
temperature, and inlet air temperature
5. Parts serviced, kinds of service (adjustment, rep airs
or replacement), and the results of each service
6. Changes in operating conditions (for example,
"Exhaust smoke turned black,” etc.)
DANGER
Indicates the most serious specific potential hazard which could result in
serious personal injury or death.
WARNING
Indicates a specific potential hazard which could result in personal injury.
CAUTION
Indicates operating procedures, prac tice s, et c. w hic h cou ld resu lt in pe rs on al
injury or damage causing destruction to the engine. Some of the CAUTION
signs also indicate a specific potential hazard which could result in serious
personal injury or death.
NOTE
Indicates procedures, conditions, etc. which are important to highlight.
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Operation Manual Mitsubishi SL-Series diesel engines
Version 08/2004
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ENGLISH
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Preventing fire and explosions................................................................................................. 5
1.2 Prevent burns........................................................................................................................... 6
1.3 Lifting precautions.................................................................................................................... 7
1.4 Exhaust fumes......................................................................................................................... 7
1.5 Prevention of cuts and other injuries........................................................................................7
1.6 Maintenance precautions......................................................................................................... 9
1.7 Operating precaution ............................................................................................................. 10
1.8 Maintenance precautions....................................................................................................... 12
1.9 If any trouble should occur..................................................................................................... 13
2 IMPORTANT INFORMATION................................................................................................ 14
2.1 Operating the engine properly ............................................................................................... 14
2.2 Service the engine properly................................................................................................... 14
2.3 If any trouble should occur..................................................................................................... 15
3 SPECIFICATIONS..................................................................................................................... 16
4 NOMENCLATURE.................................................................................................................... 17
4.1 Engine S3L/S3L2................................................................................................................... 17
4.2 Engine S3L-T/S3L2-T............................................................................................................ 18
4.3 Engine S4L/S4L2................................................................................................................... 19
4.4 Engine S4L-T/S4L2-T............................................................................................................ 20
5 OPERATION............................................................................................................................... 21
5.1 Pre-start inspection................................................................................................................ 21
5.2 Starting the engine................................................................................................................. 22
5.3 Warming up the engine.......................................................................................................... 23
5.4 Starting the load..................................................................................................................... 23
5.5 Stopping the engine............................................................................................................... 23
6 MAINTENANCE......................................................................................................................... 25
6.1 Every 50 service hours .......................................................................................................... 26
6.2 Every 100 service hours ........................................................................................................ 27
6.3 Every 250 service hours or once a year ................................................................................ 27
6.4 Every 500 service hours ........................................................................................................ 28
6.5 Every 1000 service hours ...................................................................................................... 29
6.6 Every 2 years......................................................................................................................... 29
6.7 When required ....................................................................................................................... 31
7 FUEL SPECIFICATIONS........................................................................................................ 33
7.1 Recommended types of fuels ................................................................................................ 33
7.2 Caring for the diesel fuel tank................................................................................................ 33
7.3 Caring for the fuel supply....................................................................................................... 33
8 LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS........................................................................................... 34
8.1 Recommended types of engine oils....................................................................................... 34
8.2 Recommended oil viscosities................................................................................................. 34
8.3 Limiting requirements for engine oils..................................................................................... 35
9 COOLANT AND ANTIFREEZE SPECIFICATIONS........................................................ 36
9.1 Coolant specifications............................................................................................................ 36
9.2 Recommended types of LLC's (Long Life Coolant)............................................................... 36
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
9.3 How to use non-amine type LLC............................................................................................ 37
9.4 Why LLC?.............................................................................................................................. 37
9.5 How LLC works......................................................................................................................37
9.6 Practical reported cases of circuit trouble for which additive is blamed................................. 38
10 STORAGE................................................................................................................................... 39
10.1 Storage of the engine in a non-operational condition ............................................................ 39
10.2 Storage of the engine in an operational condition.................................................................. 39
11 TROUBLESHOOTING............................................................................................................. 40
11.1 General.................................................................................................................................. 40
11.2 Problems................................................................................................................................ 41
12 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION............................................................................................... 44
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Operation Manual Mitsubishi SL-Series diesel engines
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SAFETY
ENGLISH
1SAFETY
1.1 Preventing fire and explosions
Fire hazards!
Do not smoke while refueling, or when handling
fuel containers. Do not use gasoline or diesel fuel
for cleaning parts. Good quality commercial, nonflammable, and non-toxic solvents are
recommended. Do not spill any fuel on hot
surfaces. Clean up any spillage immediately.
Do not fill fuel tank while the engine
is running!
Shut off the engine when fueling and use extra
caution if the engine is hot.
Do not bring close to flammable
materials!
Do not put flammable materials on hot parts of the
exhaust pipe. Keep them away from the pipe. In
addition, do not operate the engine in areas where
flammable materials are present.
Connect the battery earth cable
carefully!
Finally, connect the earth cable (negative
terminal) to the engine block, when starting the
engine using another battery. If it is accidentally
connected to the negative terminal of the mounted
battery, a spark may occur, igniting the explosive
gas produced by the battery. After starting the
engine, first disconnect the earth cable.
AIways be alert to any fuel or oil
leaks!
If you discover any leaks, take counter-measures
immediately . If there are fue l or oil spills on the hot
engine, fire may occur , resulting in personal injury
or damage to the equipment.
2
:
2
Engine
block
Flat battery
Service
battery
Booster
cable
connection
order
:
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Operation Manual Mitsubishi SL-Series diesel engines
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SAFETY
Keep the engine and its
compartment clean!
Remove all flammable materials such as fuel, oil,
and other debris, before they accumulate on the
engine.
1.2 Prevent burns
Remove the radiator filler cap
carefully!
Under operating temperatures, the engine coolant
is hot and under pressure. The steam can cause
personal injury. Check the coolant level only after
the engine has been turned off and the filler cap is
cool enough to touch with your bare hands. If
necessary grip the cap with a cloth and remove it
slowly in order to gradually relieve the pressure.
Do not touch any hot components!
At operating temperature, the engine component s
become very hot. Avoid any contact during
operation. Service the engine only after it has
been stopped and the components are cool
enough to touch with your bare hands.
Avoid burns!
Immediately after completing operations do not
change the oil or the coolant. Hot oil or coolant
may burn the skin. Allow the engine to cool down
to room temperature before replacement.
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Operation Manual Mitsubishi SL-Series diesel engines
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SAFETY
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Turn off the battery switch before
servicing!
Be sure to turn OFF the battery switch before
servicing.
If electrical equipment, including the starter or
alternator, is serviced with the battery switch
turned ON, it may be shortcircuited by the current
from the battery’s positive terminal, resulting in
burns or in fire.
1.3 Lifting precautions
Lift the engine carefully!
Never allow anyone to walk or stand unde rneath a
suspended engine. Operate the hoist carefully
without jerking it. Remember, sudden impact of
loads can cause serious accidents.
1.4 Exhaust fumes
Exhaust fumes
Operate the engine in safe areas only! Operate
the engine in a well ventilated area. Never operate
it in an enclosed area. In particular , do not operate
it near an air inlet port on the downwind side.
1.5 Prevention of cuts and other
injuries
Stay clear of all rot ating and moving
parts!
The rotating parts of the engine are dangerous.
Always stay clear of them during operation.
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Operation Manual Mitsubishi SL-Series diesel engines
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SAFETY
Use care during checking and
servicing!
Before performing maintenance, remove the
starter switch key and turn OFF the battery switch.
Attach a "DO NOT OPERATE" or similar warning
tag to the starter switch.
Ensure that everything is in order
before restarting the engine!
Before starting the engine, make sure that no one
is working on or close to the engine. Remove all
foreign material from the engine, such as debris,
oil, tools, and other items which are not part of the
engine.
lnstall the protective covers!
To prevent personal injury, make sure all
protective covers and guards are placed on the
rotating parts.
Keep the turning tool disengaged
when it is not in use!
When not in use, properly lock the turning gear in
the disengaged position. Failure to follow this
recommendation can cause personal injury and
engine damage.
:
2
2
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Operation Manual Mitsubishi SL-Series diesel engines
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SAFETY
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1.6 Maintenance precautions
Stop the engine before servicing it!
Always stop the engine before adding or changing
oil, coolant, or fuel. Check the coolant level only
after the engine has been stopped and the
radiator filler cap is cool enough to remove it with
bare hands. Never attempt to adjust the fan belt
while the engine is running.
Handle battery electrolyte carefully!
If battery electrolyte comes into contact with the
eyes or skin, wash them clean immediately by
using plenty of water. If it comes into contact with
the eyes, wash out your eyes immediately and
then see a doctor.
Handle antifreeze carefully!
If you accidentally drink antifreeze, make yourself
vomit and see a doctor immediately. If antifreeze
comes into contact with the eyes, immediately
wash them clean by using plenty of water and
then go and see a doctor.
Dress properly for the job!
For your own protection, you may need any
number of special items - hard hat, face shield,
safety shoes, goggles, heavy gloves, ear
protectors, etc. Please do use these when
required.
2
2
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Operation Manual Mitsubishi SL-Series diesel engines
Version 08/2004
ENGLISH
SAFETY
1.7 Operating precaution
Be sure to break in the engine!
During the first 50 hours of operation, break in the
engine by using lighter loads and lower speeds
than normal. A proper break in contributes to the
maximum service life of the engine.
Warm up the engine before
operation!
After starting the engine, leave it idling for 5 to 10
minutes before operating under full load, for
maximum engine life.
NOTE: Long periods of warming up the engine are
not recommended. They can deposit carbon in
cylinders and cause incomplete fuel combustion.
Stop the engine only after it has
cooled down!
Stopping the engine immediately after it has been
working under a load, can result in overheating
and accelerated wear of the engine components.
Before stopping the engine, leave it idling for 5 to
10 minutes. This allows the hot areas in the
engine to cool down gradually, which extends
engine life. While the engine is running, make a
walk-around inspection to make sure everything is
functioning properly.
Use the starting motor correctly!
When starting the engine, do not crank it for more
than 10 seconds at a time. After every 10 seconds
of engine cranking, allow 30 seconds for the
starting motor to cool before cranking it again.
2
2
Warm-up
2
:
OFF
START
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Operation Manual Mitsubishi SL-Series diesel engines
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SAFETY
ENGLISH
Do not break any seals for settings!
Never attempt to break the seals of the fuel
injection pump (governor) controlling injection
quantity and minimum and maximum speed
settings. Breaking these seals and varying
settings could result in:
• Accelerated wear of the engine components
• Seizure of or damage to the engine
components
• Increase in fuel and oil consumption
• Maladjusted injection quantity and poor
engine performance
• Violation to emission regulations
Do not turn OFF the battery switch
during operation!
To avoid damage to the alternator diodes and the
transistors, do not turn OFF the battery switch
when the engine is running. This could also result
in a failure of instruments to work properly.
AIways keep the engine
compartment well ventilated!
Unless the engine compartment is properly
ventilated, the air supply will be inadequate,
resulting in a shortage of air for fuel combustion
and the loss of power.
Avoid overloading!
Overloading can cause incomplete combustion,
often indicated by black smoke, high fuel
consumption, and carbon deposits in the
combustion chambers, adversely affecting the
engine lifespan.
:
:
ON
OFF
:
:
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Operation Manual Mitsubishi SL-Series diesel engines
Version 08/2004
ENGLISH
SAFETY
1.8 Maintenance precautions
Use the recommended fuel, oil, and
coolant!
Use of any other fuel, oil, or coolant can cause
engine damage and reduce the engine service
life.
Perform all recommended
inspections!
Perform pre-start inspection and periodic
inspection on items listed in this manual. Failure to
follow this recommendation can cause engine
damage, injury, or death.
Keep water out of the engine!
When washing the engine, cover the air inlet and
exhaust opening with tape to prevent water or
cleaning agent from getting inside the engine. Do
not wash the engine while it is running. If water or
cleaning agents get inside the combustion
chambers, the hammering action of water can
damage the engine.
Keep grit-laden air out of the
engine!
Dust and dirt entering the engine will cause early
wear of the moving parts. This could result in a
loss of power, high oil consumption, starting
problems, or other failures. Service the air filter as
instructed.
1. Do not service the air filter while the engine is
running.
2. When removing the air filter element for
service, prevent any dust from entering the air
intake to the cylinders.
2
Brand A Brand B
2
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Operation Manual Mitsubishi SL-Series diesel engines
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SAFETY
ENGLISH
3. Service the air filter equipped with a dust
indicator when red is shown. Under-frequent
service can cause damage.
1.9 If any trouble should occur
If the engine suddenly stops:
Do not restart the engine immediately after it has
suddenly stopped. Check for the cause and make
the necessary repairs before restarting the engine.
A failure to follow this precaution can cause
serious engine problems.
If the engine oil pressure is low:
Stop the engine immediately and check the
lubrication system. Operating the engine with low
oil pressure can cause bearings and other parts to
seize.
lf the engine overheats:
If the engine overheats, do not turn it off
immediately. Suddenly stopping an overheated
engine can result in a steep rise in the coolant
temperatures and the seizure of running parts.
First leave the engine idling to allow the hot areas
in the engine to cool down, then gradually add the
coolant. Remember, adding coolant to an
overheated engine can cause damage to the
cylinder head.
If the fan belt is broken:
Stop the engine immediately. Operating the
engine with a broken fan belt can cause engine
overheating, which, in its turn, can cause the
coolant to burst out of the reservoir tank and the
radiator cap.
2
E
M
E
R
G
E
N
C
Y
S
H
U
T
D
O
W
N
:
:
OFF
2
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Operation Manual Mitsubishi SL-Series diesel engines
Version 08/2004
ENGLISH
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
2 IMPORTANT INFORMATION
2.1 Operating the engine properly
1. Never attempt to break the seals of the
injection pump governor for maximum speed
and maximum injection quantity settings.
Breaking these seals and varying the settings
could result in:
• Accelerated wear of engine components
• Increase in fuel and oil consumption
• Maladjusted injection quantity and poor
engine performance
• A violation to emission regulations
2. Always keep the engine room well ventilated.
If it is not properly ventilated, the air supply will
be inadequate, resulting in lack of air for fuel
combustion and loss of power.
3. Start the engine properly. After every 10
seconds of engine cranking, allow 30 seconds
for the starting motor to cool before cranking it
again.
4. After starting the engine, leave it idling for 5 to
10 minutes before operating it at full load, for
maximum engine life.
5. To avoid damage to the alternator, do not turn
OFF the battery switch when the engine is
running.
6. Avoid overloading. Overloading can cause
incomplete combustion, often indicated by
black exhaust, high fuel consumption, and
carbon deposits in the combustion chambers,
affecting engine lifespan.
7. It is advised to break in the engine within the
first 50 hours of operation. The way to do this
is by operating the engine under a lighter load
and lower speeds than normal. When an
engine is properly broken in, it contributes to
the maximum service life of the engine.
8. Stopping the engine immediately after it has
been working under load can result in
accelerated wear of engine components.
Before stopping, leave the engine idling for
about 5 minutes. This allows hot areas of the
engine to cool down gradually, extending the
engine life. Whilst the engine is running, make
a walk-around inspection and check for oil,
fuel, or coolant leaks.
2.2 Service the engine properly
1. Use the recommended fuel, oil, and coolant
listed in this manual. The use of any other
fuel, oil, or coolant can result in higher
maintenance costs and can reduce the engine
service life.
2. Be sure to perform pre-start inspection and
periodic service on items specified in this
manual. Improper inspection or service is
dangerous and could result in damage to the
engine, injury, or death.
3. At the end of each day of operation, check the
engine for broken, defective, or missing parts.
If you discover any items that need attention,
repair, replacement, or adjustment after your
daily check, report it as soon as possible.
Keep in mind that even minor defects could
result in very serious trouble.
4. When washing the engine, cover the air inlet
and the exhaust openings with tape to prevent
water or cleaning agent from getting inside the
engine. Do not attempt to wash the engine
when it is running. If water or cleaning agent
gets inside the combustion chambers, the
hammering action of water could cause
damage to the engine.
5. Clean air is essential to a satisfactory engine
operation and to a long engine life. This is also
the reason why it is very important to service
the air cleaner properly. The air cleaner
prevents dust and grit-laden air from getting
into the engine. Dust and dirt entering the
engine will cause rapid wear of piston rings,
cylinders, and pistons, resulting in loss of
power and high oil consumption. Also, if dust
and dirt are allowed to build up in the air
cleaner passages, then this will eventually
restrict the air supply to the engine and result
in heavy carbon deposits on the pistons and
valves due to an incomplete combustion.
Therefore:
• Do not service the air cleaner when the
engine is running.
• When removing the air cleaner from the
engine for servicing, prevent dust from
entering the air passage to the cylinders.
• Service the air cleaner element at
reasonable intervals, or whenever the
signal of the indicator is visible. That is, if
your engine is equipped with an indicator
signal.
• Do not use the element if any tears, rips,
or damage are evident.
NOTE
Long periods of warming up the engine are not
recommended. They can result in carbon
deposits in the combustion chambers and
incomplete fuel combustion.
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