Mitsubishi LGH-15RX5-E, LGH-35RX5-E, LGH-50RX5-E, LGH-80RX5-E, LGH-100RX5-E TECHNICAL MANUAL

TECHNICAL MANUAL

Models Lossnay Unit

LGH-15RX5-E
LGH-50RX

5-E

LGH-100RX

5-E

LGH-25RX

5-E

LGH-65RX

5-E

LGH-150RX

5-E

LGH-35RX

5-E

LGH-80RX

5-E

LGH-200RX

5-E

Lossnay Remote Controller

PZ-60DR-E
PZ-41SLB-E
PZ-52SF-E

i

CONTENTS

Lossnay Unit

CHAPTER 1 Ventilation for Healthy Living

1. Necessity of Ventilation

....................................................................................................................................

U-2

2. Ventilation Standards

........................................................................................................................................

U-4

3. Ventilation Method

............................................................................................................................................

U-5

4. Ventilation Performance

....................................................................................................................................

U-8

5. Ventilation Load

................................................................................................................................................

U-10

CHAPTER 2 Lossnay Construction and Technology

1. Construction and Features

..............................................................................................................................

U-16

2. Lossnay Core Construction and Technology

....................................................................................................

U-16

3. Total Energy Recovery Efficiency Calculation

..................................................................................................

U-18

4. What is a Psychrometric Chart?

........................................................................................................................

U-19

5. Lossnay Energy Recovery Calculation

..............................................................................................................

U-20

CHAPTER 3 General Technical Considerations

1. Lossnay Energy Recovery Effect

......................................................................................................................

U-22

2. Calculating Lossnay Cost Savings

....................................................................................................................

U-24

3. Psychrometric Chart

..........................................................................................................................................

U-26

4. Determining Lossnay Core Resistance to Bacterial Cross-Contamination and Molds

....................................

U-27

5. Lossnay Core Fire : retardant property

............................................................................................................

U-29

6. Lossnay Core Sound Reducing Properties Test

..............................................................................................

U-30

7. Changes in the Lossnay Core

..........................................................................................................................

U-31

8. Comparing Energy Recovery Techniques

........................................................................................................

U-33

CHAPTER 4 Characteristics

1. How to Read the Characteristic Curves

..........................................................................................................

U-36

2. Calculating Static Pressure Loss

......................................................................................................................

U-36

3. How to Obtain Efficiency from Characteristic Curves

......................................................................................

U-40

4. Sound

..............................................................................................................................................................

U-41

5. NC Curves

........................................................................................................................................................

U-47

CHAPTER 5 System Design Recommendations

1. Lossnay Operating Environment

......................................................................................................................

U-52

2. Sound Levels of Lossnay units with Built-in Fans

............................................................................................

U-53

3. Attaching Air Filters

..........................................................................................................................................

U-53

4. Constructing the Ductwork

..............................................................................................................................

U-53

5. Bypass Ventilation

............................................................................................................................................

U-53

6. Night purge function

........................................................................................................................................

U-53

7. Transmission Rate of Various Gases and Maximum Workplace Concentration Levels

..................................

U-54

8. Solubility of Odors and Toxic Gases, etc., in Water and the Effect on the Lossnay Core

................................

U-55

9. Automatic Ventilation Switching

........................................................................................................................

U-56

10. Alternate Installation for Lossnay

....................................................................................................................

U-57

11. Installing Supplementary Fan Devices

............................................................................................................

U-58

ii

CHAPTER 6 Examples of Lossnay Applications

1. Large Office Building

........................................................................................................................................

U-60

2. Small-Scale Urban Building

..............................................................................................................................

U-64

3. Hospitals

..........................................................................................................................................................

U-65

4. Schools

............................................................................................................................................................

U-67

5. Convention Halls, Wedding Halls in Hotels

......................................................................................................

U-68

6.

Public Halls (Facilities such as Day-care Centers)

............................................................................................

U-69

CHAPTER 7 Installation Considerations

1. LGH-Series Lossnay Ceiling Embedded-Type (LGH-RX

5 Series)

....................................................................

U-72

CHAPTER 8 Filters

1. Importance of Filters

........................................................................................................................................

U-76

2. Dust

..................................................................................................................................................................

U-76

3. Calculation Table for Dust Collection Efficiency for Each Lossnay Filter

..........................................................

U-77

4. Comparing Dust Collection Efficiency Measurement Methods

........................................................................

U-79

5. Calculating Dust Concentration Levels

............................................................................................................

U-81

6. Certificate in EU

................................................................................................................................................

U-81

CHAPTER 9 Service Life and Maintenance

1. Service Life

........................................................................................................................................................

U-84

2. Cleaning the Lossnay Core and Pre-filter

........................................................................................................

U-84

CHAPTER 10 Ventilation Standards in Each Country

1. Ventilation Standards in Each Country

..............................................................................................................

U-88

2. United States of America

..................................................................................................................................

U-89

3. United Kingdom

................................................................................................................................................

U-89

CHAPTER 11 Lossnay Q and A

........................................................................................................................

U-92

iii

Lossnay Remote Controller

1. Summary

....................................................................................................................................................................

C-3

2. Applicable Models

..............................................................................................................................................

C-3

3. Terminology

..............................................................................................................................................................

C-4

4. System Features and Examples

4.1 Features

..........................................................................................................................................................

C-5

4.2 System Examples

..........................................................................................................................................

C-6

4.3 System Selection

............................................................................................................................................

C-8

4.4 Basic System

..................................................................................................................................................

C-11

4.5 Interlocking with Mr. Slim

................................................................................................................................

C-13

4.6 Combining with City Multi

................................................................................................................................

C-14

5. Examples of Applications Using Various Input and Output Terminals

5.1 External Control Operating Mode Selection

....................................................................................................

C-23

5.2 Delayed Interlocked Operation

........................................................................................................................

C-24

5.3 Multiple External Device Operation (PZ-60DR-E, PZ-41SLB-E, M-NET)

......................................................

C-24

5.4 Multiple Lossnay Units Interlocked with One Indoor Unit (M-NET only)

........................................................

C-25

5.5 Operation monitor output

................................................................................................................................

C-26

5.6 Malfunction monitor output

..............................................................................................................................

C-26

5.7 By-pass operation monitor output

..................................................................................................................

C-26

5.8 Connection Method

........................................................................................................................................

C-26

5.9

When switching High/Low/Extra-Low fan speed externally (when CO

2

sensor or other equipment is connected)

....

C-28

5.10 When switching By-pass externally

................................................................................................................

C-29

5.11 When using the remote/local switching and the ON/OFF input (level signal)

................................................

C-29

5.12

When connecting to the City Multi, Lossnay remote controller (PZ-52SF-E) or Mitsubishi Electric Air-Conditioner Network System (MELANS)

....

C-30

6. Precautions When Designing M-NET Systems

6.1 M-NET Transmission Cable Power Supply

....................................................................................................

C-31

6.2

Restrictions When the Lossnay Units are Connected to the Central Controller M-NET Transmission Cable

........

C-31

6.3 Wiring Example

..............................................................................................................................................

C-32

6.4 Power Supply to the Indoor Unit Transmission Cable

....................................................................................

C-33

7. M-NET Cable Installation

7.1 Precautions When Installing Wiring

................................................................................................................

C-34

7.2 Electrical Wiring

..............................................................................................................................................

C-35

7.3 Control Cable Length

......................................................................................................................................

C-36

8. M-NET System Designs

8.1 Address Definitions

........................................................................................................................................

C-37

8.2 Precautions When Setting the Groups (when not interlocked with City Multi indoor units

)

............................

C-39

8.3 Precautions When Performing Interlock Settings (when interlocked with City Multi indoor units

)

..................

C-39

iV

9. Automatic Ventilation Switching

9.1 Effect of Automatic Ventilation Mode

..............................................................................................................

C-40

9.2 Ventilation mode control

..................................................................................................................................

C-40

10. Troubleshooting

10.1 Service Flow

..................................................................................................................................................

C-44

10.2 Checklist

........................................................................................................................................................

C-45

11. Installation method

11.1 Electrical installation

......................................................................................................................................

C-64

11.2 Connecting the power supply cable

................................................................................................................

C-66

11.3 System configuration

......................................................................................................................................

C-66

11.4 Function Setting

..............................................................................................................................................

C-72

11.5 Trial operation

................................................................................................................................................

C-76

12. Lossnay Remote Controller (PZ-60DR-E)

12.1 Parts Names

..................................................................................................................................................

C-78

12.2 Setting the Day of the Week and Time

..........................................................................................................

C-79

12.3 Using the Remote Controller

..........................................................................................................................

C-79

12.4 Care and Maintenance

....................................................................................................................................

C-83

12.5 Servicing

........................................................................................................................................................

C-83

12.6 How to Install

..................................................................................................................................................

C-84

12.7 Test Run

..........................................................................................................................................................

C-85

12.8 Function Selection

..........................................................................................................................................

C-86

13. Lossnay Remote Controller (PZ-41SLB-E)

..........................................................................................

C-91

14. Lossnay M-NET Remote Controller (PZ-52SF-E)

............................................................................

C-92

15. Appendix

15.1 Centralized Controller (AG-150A)

..................................................................................................................

C-93

15.2 Remote Controllers for Mr. Slim indoor units

................................................................................................

C-100

15.3 ME Remote Controller (PAR-F27MEA)

........................................................................................................

C-103

Lossnay Unit

CHAPTER 1

Ventilation for Healthy Living

U-2

CHAPTER 1 ● Ventilation for Healthy Living

Ventilation air must be introduced constantly at a set ratio in an air-conditioning system. The ventilation air introduced is to be
mixed with the return air to adjust the temperature and humidity, supply oxygen, reduce odors, remove tobacco smoke, and to
increase the air cleanliness.
The standard ventilation (outdoor air intake) volume is determined according to the type of application, estimated number of
occupants in the room, room area, and relevant regulations. Systems that accurately facilitate these requirements are
increasingly being required in buildings.

1. Necessity of Ventilation

The purpose of ventilation is basically divided into “oxygen supply”, “air cleanliness”, “temperature control” and “humidity
control”. Air cleanliness includes eliminating “odors”, “gases”, “dust” and “bacteria”. Ventilation needs are divided into
“personal comfort”, “optimum environment for animals and plants”, and “optimum environment for machinery and constructed
materials”.
In Japan ventilation regulations are detailed in the “Building Standard Law Enforcement Ordinance” and the “Building
Management Law” for upholding a sanitary environment in buildings. These are similar to regulations in other countries.

1.1 Room Air Environment in Buildings

In Japan, the “Building Management Law”, a law concerning the sanitary environment in buildings, designates 11 applications
including offices, shops, and schools with a total floor area of 3,000m

2

or more, as buildings. Law maintenance and
ventilation, water supply, discharge management according to the Environmental Sanitation Management Standards is
obligatory.

The following table gives a specific account of buildings in Tokyo.
(Tokyo Food and Environment Guidance Center Report)

Specific Account of Buildings in Tokyo (March, 2003)

Note: Excludes buildings with an expanded floor space of 3,000 to 5,000m

2

in particular areas.

Results of the air quality measurement public
inspection and the standard values that were
not met (percentage of unsuitability) for the
approximately 500 buildings examined in 1980
are shown in the chart at the right.

There was a large decrease in high percentages
of floating particles, but there was almost no
change in temperature and carbon dioxide. The
highest percentage of unsuitability in 2006 is
relative humidity with 36%, followed by carbon
dioxide at 28%.

Percentage of unsuitable air quality (%)

76 77 7879 80 8171 73 75

82

83 84

85

86

87

88

899091 92 93 9495 96 97 98 9900 01 02 03 0405 06

(year)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

relative humidity

carbon dioxide

temperature

carbon monoxide

ventilation

floating particles
(tobacco smoke)

Percentage Unsuitable Air Quality by Year

(From reference data in the 2006 edition of the “Water Supply

Division, Dept. of Localized Public Health, Tokyo Metropolitan
Government, Bureau of Public Health”)

Number of Buildings %

Offices 1,467 56.7

Shops 309 22.0

Department Stores 63 2.4

Schools 418 16.2

Inns 123 4.8

Theaters 86 3.3

Libraries 12 0.5

Museums 11 0.4

Assembly Halls 63 2.4

Art Museums 8 0.3

Amusement Centers 27 1.0

Total 2,587 100.0

U-3

CHAPTER 1 ● Ventilation for Healthy Living

Effect of Carbon Monoxide (CO) 10,000 ppm = 1%

Concentration (ppm)

Effect of Concentration Changes

0.01 - 0.2 Standard atmosphere.

5Tolerable long-term value.

10

The Building Standard Law of Japan, Law for Maintenance of Sanitation in Buildings.
Environmental standard for a 24-hour average.

20

Considered to be the tolerable short-term value.
Environmental standard for an 8-hour average.

50

Tolerable concentration for working environment.
(Japan Industrial Sanitation Association)

100

No effect for 3 hours. Effect noticed after 6 hours.
Headache, illness after 9 hours; harmful for long-term but not fatal.

200 Light headache in the frontal lobe in 2 to 3 hours.

400 Headache in the temporal lobe, nausea in 1 to 2 hours; headache in the back of head in 2.5 to 3 hours.

800 Headache, dizziness, nausea, convulsions in 45 minutes. Comatose in 2 hours.

1,600 Headache, dizziness in 20 minutes. Death in 2 hours.

3,200 Headache, dizziness in 5 to 10 minutes. Death in 30 minutes.

6,400 Death in 10 to 15 minutes.

12,800 Death in 1 to 3 minutes.

Several 10,000 ppm

Level may be found in automobile exhaust.

(Several %)

Approx. 5 ppm is
the annual
average value in
city environments.
This value may
exceed 100 ppm
near roads, in
tunnels and
parking areas.

Concentration (%) Standards and Effect of Concentration Changes

Approx. 21 Standard atmosphere.

20.5

Ventilation air volume standard is a guideline where concentration does not decrease more than 0.5%
from normal value. (The Building Standard Law of Japan)

20 - 19

Oxygen deficiency of this amount does not directly endanger life in a normal air pressure, but if there is a
combustion device in the area, the generation of CO will increase rapidly due to incomplete combustion.

18 Industrial Safety and Health Act. (Hypoxia prevention regulations.)

16 Normal concentration in exhaled air.

16 - 12 Increase in pulse and breathing; resulting in dizziness and headaches.

15 Flame in combustion devices will extinguish.

12 Short term threat to life.

7 Fatal

In Japan, an Instruction Guideline based on these regulations has been issued, and unified guidance is followed. Part of the
Instruction Guideline regarding ventilation is shown below.

●

The ventilation air intake must be 10m or higher from ground level, and be located at an appropriate distance from the
exhaust air outlet. (Neighbouring buildings must also be considered.)

●

The ventilation air intake volume must be 25 to 30 m3/h·occupant.

●

An air volume measurement access hole must be installed at an appropriate position to measure the treated air volume of
the ventilating device.

●

Select the position and shape of the supply diffuser and return grille to evenly distribute the ventilation air in the room.

1.2 Effect of Air Contamination

Effect of Oxygen (O2

) Concentration

U-4

CHAPTER 1 ● Ventilation for Healthy Living

Effect of Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Note: According to Facility Check List published by Kagekuni-sha.

1.3 Effect of Air Contamination in Buildings

●

Dirtiness of interior
New ceilings, walls and ornaments will turn yellow from dust and tobacco smoke tar in 1 to 2 years.

2. Ventilation Standards

The legal standards for ventilation differ according to each country. Please follow the standards set by your country. In the
U.S., ASHRAE revised their standards in 1989 to become more strict.
In Japan, regulations are set in the “The Building Standard Law of Japan Enforcement Ordinance”, the so-called “Building
Management Law” for securing a sanitary buildings environment. According to the “Building Standards Law”, a minimum of 20

m

3

/h per occupant of ventilation air is required.

Concentration (%) Effect of Concentration Changes

0.03 (0.04) Standard atmosphere.

0.04 - 0.06 City air.

0.07 Tolerable concentration when many occupants stay in the space for long time.

0.10

General tolerable concentration.
The “Building Standard Law” of Japan, “Law for Maintenance of Sanitation in Buildings”.

0.15 Tolerable concentration used for ventilation calculations.

0.2 - 0.5 Relatively poor.

0.5 or more Very poor.

0.5 Long-term safety limits (U.S. Labor Sanitation) ACGIH, regulation of working offices.

2 Depth of breathing and inhalation volume increases 30%.

3Work and physical functions deteriorate, increase breathing doubles.

4 Normal exhalation concentration.

4 - 5

The respiratory center is stimulated; depth and times of breathing increases. Dangerous if inhaled for a
long period. If an O

2 deficiency also occurs, conditions will rapidly deteriorate and become dangerous.

8

When inhaled for 10 minutes, breathing difficulties, redness in the face and headaches will occur.
Conditions will worsen when there is also an O

2 deficiency .

18 or more Fatal

There is no toxic level in
CO2 alone.
However, these tolerable
concentrations are a
guideline of the
contamination estimated
when the physical and
chemical properties of
the air deteriorate in
proportion to the increase
of CO

2.

U-5

CHAPTER 1 ● Ventilation for Healthy Living

3. Ventilation Method

3.1 Ventilation Class and Selection Points

An appropriate ventilation method must be selected according to the purpose of the space.
Ventilation is composed of “Supply air” and “Exhaust air”. These functions are classified according to natural flow or
mechanical ventilation using a fan (forced ventilation).

Mechanical Ventilation Classification

Ventilation Classification (According to Building Standards Law)

1. Class 1 Ventilation

Ventilation air is mechanically
brought in and simultaneously, the
stale air in the room is mechanically
discharged.

2. Class 2 Ventilation

Ventilation air is mechanically
brought in and the exhaust air is
discharged from the exhaust air
outlet (natural).

3. Class 3 Ventilation

The stale air in the room is
mechanically discharged and
simultaneously ventilation air is
mechanically introduced from the
supply air diffuser (natural).

Ex. of Application

•Ventilation of air
conditioned rooms.
(buildings, hospitals,
etc.)

•Ventilation of room
not facing an exterior
wall. (basement,
etc.)

•Ventilation of large
rooms. (office, large
conference room,
hall, etc.)

• Surgery theater.

• Cleanrooms.

• Food processing
factories.

• Local ventilation in
kitchens.

•Ventilation of hot
exhaust air from
machine rooms, etc.

•Ventilation of humid
exhaust air from
indoor pools, bath­rooms, etc.

• General ventilation.

System Effect

By changing the
balance of the supply
fan and exhaust fan’s
air volumes, the
pressure in the room
can be balanced,
without restrictions,
and the interrelation
with neighboring
spaces can be set
without restrictions.

As the room is
pressurized, odors
and dust, etc., from
neighboring areas can
be prevented from
entering.

The exhaust air is
removed from an area
in the room, and
dispersing of the stale
air can be prevented
by applying negative
pressure.

Design and

Construction Properties

• An ideal design in
which the supply air
diffuser and exhaust
air outlet position
relation and air
volume, etc., can be
set.

•A system that adjusts
the temperature and
humidity of the supply
air diffuser flow to the
room environment can
be incorporated.

• The supply and
exhaust volume can
be set according to the
changes in conditions.

• The position and
shape of the supply
air diffuser can be
set.

• The temperature and
humidity of the
supply air diffuser
flow can be set
accordingly, and
dust can be removed
as required.

•Effective exhausting
of dispersed stale air
is possible from an
exhaust air outlet.

•Ventilation in which
the air flow is not
detected is possible
with the supply air
diffuser setting
method.

Selection Points

• Accurate supply air
diffuser can be
maintained.

• The room pressure
balance can be
maintained.

• The supply air
diffuser temperature
and humidity can be
adjusted and dust
treatment is
possible.

• The pressure is
positive.

•

The supply air diffuser
temperature and
humidity can be
adjusted, and dust
treatment is possible.

•

The relation of the
exhaust air outlet to
the supply air diffuser
is important.

• The room pressure
is negative.

• Local exhaust is
possible.

•Ventilation without
dispersing stale air is
possible.

•Ventilation with
reduced air flow is
possible.

•

The relation of the
exhaust air outlet to
the supply air diffuser
is important.

Supply
air
diffuser

Exhaust
fan

Exhaust
air
outlet

Exhaust
fan

Exhaust
fan

Stale
air

Ventilation
air

Supply Exhaust Ventilation Volume Room Pressure

Class 1 Mechanical Mechanical Random (constant) Random

Class 2 Mechanical Natural Random (constant) Positive pressure

Class 3 Natural Mechanical Random (constant) Negative pressure

Class 4 Natural Mechanical & natural Limited (inconstant) Negative pressure

1) System operation with cassette-type indoor units of air conditioner

2) System operation with ceiling embedded-type indoor units of air conditioner

3)

Independent operation with ceiling suspended-type indoor units of air conditioner

U-6

CHAPTER 1 ● Ventilation for Healthy Living

3.2 Comparing of Ventilation Methods

There are two main types of ventilation methods.

Centralized Ventilation Method

Mainly used in large buildings, with the ventilation air intake being installed in one machine room. For this method, primary
treatment of the ventilation air, such as energy recovery to the intake air and dust removal, is performed via distribution to the
building by ducts.

Independent Zoned Ventilation Method

Mainly used in small to medium sized buildings, with areas being ventilated using ventilation air intake via independent
ventilation devices. The use of this method has recently increased as independent control is becoming more feasible.

Centralized Ventilation Method Independent Zoned Ventilation Method

Air intake

(ventilation

air)

Filters

Air exhaust
(stale air)

Cassette-type indoor units of
air conditioner or fan coil unit

Cassette-type or ceiling
suspended-type indoor units of
air conditioner or fan coil unit

Exhaust grill

Ceiling recessed­type Lossnay

Exhaust air
Ventilation air

Finished ceiling

Exhaust air
Ventilation air

Finished ceiling

Lossnay

Supply fan

Exhaust

Each unit

Ceiling embedded-type indoor units
of air conditioner or fan coil unit

Ceiling recessed­type Lossnay

Exhaust grill

Exhaust air
Ventilation air

Finished ceiling

Ceiling recessed­type Lossnay

Exhaust grill

Supply grill

U-7

CHAPTER 1 ● Ventilation for Healthy Living

Comparing Centralized Ventilation and Independent Zoned Ventilation Methods

Centralized Ventilation Method

The air transfer distance is long, thus requiring
much fan power.

• Independent equipment room is required.

• Duct space is required.

• Penetration of floors with vertical shaft is not
recommended in terms of fire prevention.

Generalized per system.

• Design of outer wall is not lost.

• The indoor supply air diffuser and return grille
can be selected without restrictions for an
appropriate design.

• As the usage set time and ventilation volume
control, etc., are performed in a central
monitoring room, the user’s needs may not be
met appropriately.

•A large amount of ventilation is required even
for a few occupants.

• An ideal supply air diffuser and return grille
position can be selected as the supply air
diffuser and return grille can be positioned
without restrictions.

•

The only noise in the room is the sound of air movement.

• Antivibration measures must be taken as the fan
in the equipment room is large.

• Centralized management is easy as it can be
performed in the equipment room.

• The equipment can be inspected at any time.

• The entire system is affected.

• Immediate inspection can be performed in the
equipment room.

Because there are many common-use areas, if the
building is a tenant building, an accurate
assessment of operating cost is difficult.

Fan Power

Installation Area

Zoning

Design

Control

Comfort

Maintenance and
Management

Trouble influence

Costs

Independent Zoned Ventilation Method

As the air transfer distance is short, the fan power
is small.

• Independent equipment room is not required.

• Piping space is required only above the ceiling.

Can be used for any one area.

• The number of intakes and exhaust air outlets
on an outside wall will increase; design must be
considered.

• The design will be fixed due to installation
fittings, so the design of the intakes and exhaust
air outlets must be considered.

• The user in each zone can operate the ventilator
without restrictions.

• The ventilator can be operated even during off­peak hours.

• Consideration must be made because of the
noise from the main unit.

• Antivibration measures are often not required as
the unit is compact and any generated vibration
can be dispersed.

•Work efficiency is poor because the equipment
is not centrally located.

• An individual unit can be inspected only when
the room it serves is vacant.

• Limited as only independent units are affected.

• Consultation with the tenant is required prior to
inspection of an individual unit.

Invoicing for each zone separately is possible,
even in a tenant building.

System FlexibilitySystem Management

U-8

CHAPTER 1 ● Ventilation for Healthy Living

4. Ventilation Performance

The ventilation performance is largely affected by the installation conditions. Optimum performance may not be achieved
unless the model and usage methods are selected according to the conditions.
Generally, the ventilation performance is expressed by “air volume” and “wind pressure (static pressure)”.

4.1 Air Volume

Air volume equals the volume of air exhausted (or supplied) by the unit in a given period, and is expressed in m3/hr (hour).

4.2 Wind Pressure

When a piece of paper is placed in front of a fan then released, the piece of paper will be blown away. The force that blows
the paper away is called wind pressure and is normally expressed in Pa. units. Wind pressure is divided into the following
three types:

4.2.1 Static Pressure

The force that effects the surroundings when the air is contained such as in an automobile tyre or rubber balloon. For
example, in a water gun, the hydraulic pressure increases when pressed by a piston. If there is a small hole, the water is
forced out of that opening. The pressure of the water is equivalent to air static pressure. The higher the pressure, the farther
the water (air) can be forced out.

4.2.2 Dynamic Pressure

The speed at which air flows; for example, the force at which a typhoon presses against a building.

4.2.3 Total Pressure

The total force that wind has, and is the sum of the static pressure and dynamic pressure.

U-9

CHAPTER 1 ● Ventilation for Healthy Living

4.3 Measuring the Air Volume and Static Pressure

Mitsubishi Electric measures the Lossnay’s air volume and static pressure with a device as shown below according to Japan
Industrial Standards (JIS B 8628).

Measuring Device Using Orifice (JIS B 8628 Standards)

Static pressure (

H

)

Air volume (Q)

Measurement Method

The unit is operated with the throttle device fully closed. There is no air flow at this time, and the air volume is 0. The maximum
point of the static pressure (Point A, the static pressure at this point is called the totally closed pressure) can be obtained. Next,
the throttle device is gradually opened, the auxiliary fan is operated, and the median points (Points B, C and D) are obtained.
Finally, the throttle device is completely opened, and the auxiliary fan is operated until the static pressure in the chamber
reaches 0. The maximum point of the air volume (Point E, the air volume at this point is called the fully opened air volume) is
obtained. The points are connected as shown below, and are expressed as air volume, static pressure curves (Q-H curve).

Connection

Wind dispersing place

Connection

Smoothing

grid

Smoothing

grid

Supply

Air

(SA)

Chamber

Return

Air

(RA)

Smoothing
net

Smoothing

net

Wind gauge

duct path

Orifice

Wind gauge

duct path

Orifice

Damper

Blower

Blower

Test unit

Test unit

Static pressure in chamber
(Static pressure measurement)

Static pressure in chamber
(Static pressure measurement)

Pressure

difference before

and after orifice

(Air volume

measurement)

A) When measuring the supply air volume (with the orifice plate)

B) When measuring the return air volume (with the orifice plate)

U-10

CHAPTER 1 ● Ventilation for Healthy Living

5. Ventilation Load

5.1 How to Calculate Each Approximate Load

The ventilation air load can be calculated with the following formula if the required ventilation intake volume “Q m3/h” is known:

(Ventilation air load) = γ · QF · (iO - iR)

= γ [kg/m

3

] × S [m2] × k × n [occupant/m2] × Vf [m3/h·occupants] × (iO - iR): ∆i [kJ/kg]

γ : Specific air gravity - 1.2 kg/m

3

S:Building’s air-conditioned area
k:Thermal coefficient; generally 0.7 - 0.8.
n:

The average population concentration is the inverse of the occupancy area per occupant. If the number of occupants in the
room is unclear, refer to the Floor space per

occupant

table below.

Vf : Ventilation air intake volume per

occupant

Refer to the Required ventilation air intake volume per

occupant

table below.
iO :Ventilation air enthalpy - kJ/kg
iR : Indoor enthalpy - kJ/kg

Floor Space per Occupant (m

2

)

(According to the Japan Federation of Architects and Building Engineers Associations)

Required Ventilation Air Intake Volume Per Occupant (m

3

/h·occupant)

Caution

The amount of smoking that could be present in each type of room must be carefully considered when obtaining the
required ventilation volume shown in the table above.

Office Building

Department Store, Shop

Restaurant

Theater or

Average Crowded Empty

Cinema Hall

General Design 4 - 7 0.5 - 2 0.5 - 2 5 - 8 1 - 2 0.4 - 0.6

Value

5 3.0 1.0 6.0 1.5 0.5

Application Example

Required Ventilation Volume

Amount of Cigarette Smoking

Recommended Value Minimum Value

Broker’s office

Extremely Heavy Newspaper editing room 85 51

Conference room

Quite Heavy

Bar

51 42.5

Cabaret

Heavy

Office

25.5

17

Restaurant 20

Light

Shop

25.5 17

Department store

None

Theater 25.5 17
Hospital room 34 25.5

U-11

CHAPTER 1 ● Ventilation for Healthy Living

Cooling Load Per Unit Area

When the volume of ventilation air per occupants is 25 m

3

/h, and the number of occupants per 1 m2is 0.2, the cooling load will

be approximately 157.0 W/m

2

.

● Ventilation Load

Standard design air conditions in Tokyo

See below for Calculation examples of determining ventilation load during both cooling and heating.

5.2 Ventilation Load During Cooling (In an Office Building)

● Cooling Load Classifications

(a) Is the heat penetrating the room, and often is 30 to 40% of the entire cooling load?
(b) Is the heat generated in the room?
(c) Is applies only when reheating is necessary?
(d) Is the heat generated when ventilation air is mixed into part of the supply air diffuser volume and introduced into the room?
The ventilation air is introduced to provide ventilation for the room occupants, and is referred to as the ventilating load.

Typical Load Values During Cooling

Load Type Load

Ventilation Air Load

53.0 W/m

2

Indoor

Occupants 26.4 W/m

2

Generated Heat

Lighting Equipment 30.0 W/m

2

Indoor Penetration Heat 47.6 W/m

2

Total 157.0 W/m

2

Conditions: Middle south-facing floor of a typical office building.

Class Heat Load

Heat generated from walls (qWS)

(a) Indoor penetration heat

Heat generated from glass

from direct sunlight (qGS)
from conduction and convection (qGS)

Accumulated heat load in walls (q

SS)

Generated heat from occupants

Sensible heat (qHS)

(b) Indoor generated heat

Latent heat (qHL)

Generated heat from electrical equipment

Sensible heat (q

ES

)

Latent heat (q

EL)

(c) Reheating load (q

RL)

(d) Outdoor air load

Sensible heat (q

FS)

Latent heat (qFL

)

}

}

}

}

Dry Bulb Temp.

Relative Humidity

Wet Bulb Temp. Enthalpy Enthalpy Difference

Cooling

Outdoor Air 33 °C 63% 27 °C 85 kJ/kg

31.8 kJ/kg

Indoor Air 26 °C 50% 18.7 °C 53.2 kJ/kg

When the load per floor area of 1 m2with a ventilation volume of 25 m3/h·occupant is calculated with the air conditions detailed
above, the following is obtained:

Ventilation air load = 1.2 kg/m3(Specific gravity of air) × 0.2 occupant/m2(number of occupants per 1 m2)
× 25 m

3

/h·occupants (ventilation air volume) × 31.8 kJ/kg (air enthalpy difference indoor/outdoor) = 190.8 kJ/h·m2(53.0 W/m2)

The Lossnay recuperates approximately 70% of the exhaust air load and saves on approximately 20% of the total load.

Ventilation air

load 33.8%

53.0 W/m

2

Indoor
penetration
heat 30.3%

47.6 W/m

2

Indoor

generated heat

(occupants, lighting

equipment) 35.9%

56.4 W/m

2

157.0 W/m

2

U-12

CHAPTER 1 ● Ventilation for Healthy Living

● Determining Internal Heat Gain

When classifying loads, the internal heat gain (indoor generated heat + indoor penetration heat) is the ventilation air load
subtracted from the approximate cooling load when it is assumed that there is no reheating load.

(Internal heat gain)

= 157.0 W/m

2

– 53.0 W/m2= 104.0 W/m

2

●

The value of internal heat gain is based on assumptions for typical loads. To determine individual levels of internal heat
gain, the following is suggested:

● Indoor Generated Heat

(1) Heat generated from occupants

Heat generation design value per occupant in the office:

Sensible heat (SH)= 63.0 W·occupant
Latent heat (LH) = 69.0 W·occupant
Total heat (TH) = 132.0 W·occupant

The heat generated per 1 m

2

of floor space:

Heat generated from occupants = 132.0 W·occupant × 0.2 occupant/m

2

= 26.4 W/m

2

(2) Heat generated from electrical equipment (lighting)

The approximate value of the lighting and power required for a general office with lighting of 300 ­350 Lux, is 20 - 30 W/m

2

.

Heat generated from electrical equipment (lighting) = 30 W/m

2

● Indoor Penetration Heat

The heat that penetrates into the building from outside, which can be determined by subtracting the amount of heat generated
by occupants and lighting from the internal heat gain.

(Indoor infiltration heat)

= 104.0 – (26.4 + 30.0) = 47.6 W/m

2

U-13

CHAPTER 1 ● Ventilation for Healthy Living

5.3 Ventilation Load During Heating

●

Classification of Heating Load

Class Heat Load

Heat escaping from walls (q

WS)

(a)

Indoor heat

Heat escaping from glass (q

GS)

loss

Heat loss from conduction and convection (q

GS)

Accumulated heat load in walls (q

SS)

(b)

Ventilation

Sensible heat (q

FS)

load

Latent heat (q

FL)

During heating, the heat generated by occupants and electrical equipment in the room can be subtracted from the heating load.
If the warming-up time at the start of heating is short, however, the generated heat may be ignored in some cases.

Percentage of Load

●

Heating Load Per Unit Area

When the ventilation air volume per occupant is 25 m3/h, and the number of occupants per 1 m2is 0.2, the heating load
will be approximately 133.7 W/m

2

.

●

Internal Heat Loss

In terms of load classification, the internal heat loss is the value of the ventilation air load subtracted from the approximate
heating load.

Internal heat loss = 133.7 W/m

2

– 56.0 W/m2= 77.7 W/m

2

●

Ventilation Load

Standard design air conditions in Tokyo

Type of Load Load

Ventilation Air Load

56.0 W/m

2

Internal Heat 77.7 W/m

2

Total 133.7 W/m

2

Conditions: Middle south-facing floor of a typical office building.

When the load per 1 m2of floor area with a ventilation volume of 25 m3/h·occupant is calculated with the air conditions
detailed above, the following is obtained:

Ventilation air load = 1.2 kg/m

3

× 0.2 occupants/m2× 25 m3/h·occupant × 33.5 kJ/kg = 201.0 kJ/h·m2(56 W/m2)

The Lossnay recuperates approximately 70% of the ventilation load and saves on approximately 30% of the total load.

Ventilation

air load 41.9%

56.0 W/m

2

Indoor heat
loss 58.1%

77.7 W/m

2

133.7 W/m

2

Dry Bulb Temp.

Relative Humidity

Wet Bulb Temp. Enthalpy Enthalpy Difference

Heating

Outdoor Air 0 °C 50% –3 °C 5.0 kJ/kg

33.5 kJ/kg

Indoor Air 20 °C 50% 13.7 °C 38.5 kJ/kg

CHAPTER 2

Lossnay Construction and Technology

U-16

CHAPTER 2 ● Lossnay Construction and Technology

1. Construction and Features

● Construction

Lossnay is constructed so that the exhaust air passage from the
indoor side to the outdoor side (RA → EA) and the ventilation air
passage from the outdoor side to the indoor side (OA → SA)
cross. The Lossnay Core is located at this crosspoint, and
recovers the heat by conduction through the separating medium
between these airflows. This enables the heat loss during exhaust
to be greatly reduced.

*RA: Return Air

EA : Exhaust Air
OA : Outdoor Air
SA : Supply Air

SA (Supply air diffuser)

Supply fan

RA (Return air)

Exhaust side filter

Lossnay Core

Intake side filter

OA (Outdoor air)

Exhaust fan

EA (Exhaust air)

Note: The dust inlet and outlet are linear in the

actual product.

Main Features

(1) Cooling and heating maintenance fees are reduced while ventilating.

(2) The system size of Heating/cooling system and cooling/heating load can be reduced.

(3) Dehumidifying during summer and humidifying during winter is possible.

(4) Comfortable ventilation is possible with the outdoor air can be adjusted to parallel the room temperature.

(5) Sound can be reduced.

2. Lossnay Core Construction and Technology

● Simple Construction

The Lossnay core is a cross-air passage total energy recovery unit
constructed from specially treated paper with a corrugated
structure.
The fresh air and exhaust air passages are totally separated
allowing the fresh air to be introduced without mixing with the
exhaust air.

●

Principle

The Lossnay Core uses the heat transfer properties and moisture
permeability of the treated paper. Total heat (sensible heat plus
latent heat) is transferred from the stale exhaust air to the
ventilation air being introduced into the system when they pass
through the Lossnay.

●

Treated Paper

The paper partition plates are treated with special chemicals so
that the Lossnay Core is an appropriate energy recovery unit for
the ventilator.

The membrane has many unique properties:

(1) Incombustible and strong.

(2) Has selective hydroscopicity and moisture permeability that permits the passage of only water vapor (including some

water-soluble gases).

(3) Has gas barrier properties that does not permit gases such as CO2 from entering the conditioned space.

SA
Supply Air
(Fresh heating/cooling air)

Partition
plate
(Treated
paper)

Spacer plate
(Treated paper)

RA
Return Air
(Dirty heating/cooling air)

Indoors Outdoors

EA
Exhaust Air
(Stale air)

OA
Outdoor air
(Fresh air)

U-17

CHAPTER 2 ● Lossnay Construction and Technology

● Total Energy Recovery Mechanism

Sensible Heat and Latent Heat

The heat that enters and leaves in accordance with rising or falling temperatures is called sensible heat. The heat that enters
and leaves due to the changes in a matter’s physical properties (evaporation, condensation) is called latent heat.

(1) Temperature (Sensible Heat) Recovery

1) Heat conduction and heat passage is performed through a
partition plate from the high temperature to low temperature
side.

2) As shown in the diagram at right, the energy recovery
efficiency is affected by the resistance of the partition plate.
For Lossnay, there is little difference when compared to
materials such as copper or aluminium that also have high
thermal conductivity.

Heat Resistance Coefficients

t1

t2

Ra1

Ra2

Rp

Partition plate
Ra1+Ra2

»Rp

Treated Paper Cu Al

Ra

1

10 10 10

Rp 1 0.00036 0.0006

Ra

2 10 10 10

Total 21 20.00036 20.0006

(2) Humidity (Latent Heat) Recovery

●

Water vapor travels through the partition plate from the high
humidity to low humidity side via the differential pressure in
the vapor.

High humidity side

Low humidity side

Partition plate

U-18

CHAPTER 2 ● Lossnay Construction and Technology

3. Total Energy Recovery Efficiency Calculation

The Lossnay Core’s energy recovery efficiency can be considered
using the following three transfer rates:

(1) Temperature (sensible heat) recovery efficiency

(2) Humidity (latent heat) recovery efficiency

(3) Enthalpy (total heat) recovery efficiency

The energy recovery effect can be calculated if two of the above
efficiencies are known.

●

Each energy efficiency can be calculated with the formulas in the
table.

●

When the supply and exhaust air volumes are equal, the energy
recovery efficiencies on the supply and exhaust sides are the
same.

●

When the supply and exhaust air volumes are not equal, the
total energy recovery efficiency is low if the exhaust volume is
lower, and high if the exhaust volume is higher.

SA
Fresh air exhaust
(Fresh heating/cooling air)

RA
Stale air induction
(Dirty heating/cooling air)

Indoors Outdoors

EA
Exhaust air
(Stale air)

OA
Fresh air
induction
(Fresh air)

Item Formula

Temperature recovery
efficiency (%)

ηt =

t

OA - tSA

× 100

t

OA

- tRA

Enthalpy recovery
efficiency (%)

ηi =

i

OA - iSA

× 100

i

OA - iRA

η: Efficiency (%)

t: Dry bulb temperature (°C)

i: Enthalpy (kJ/kg)

Calculation of Supply Air Condition After Passing Through Lossnay

If the Lossnay energy recovery efficiency and the conditions of the room and outdoor air are known, the conditions of the air
entering the room and the air exhausted outdoors can be determined with the following formulas in the following table.

Supply Side Exhaust Side

Temperature t

SA = tOA - (tOA - tRA) × ηttEA = tRA + (tOA - tRA) × ηt

Enthalpy i

SA = iOA - (iOA - iRA) × ηiiEA = iRA + (iOA - iRA) × ηi

U-19

CHAPTER 2 ● Lossnay Construction and Technology

4. What is a Psychrometric Chart?

A chart that shows the properties of humid air is called a psychrometric chart. The psychrometric chart can be used to find the
(1) Dry bulb temperature, (2) Wet bulb temperature, (3) Absolute humidity, (4) Relative humidity, (5) Dew point and (6)
Enthalpy (total heat) of a certain air condition. If two of these values are known, the other values can be found with the chart.
Now air conditions will change when it is heated, cooled, humidified or dehumidified can also be seen easily on the chart.

(1) Dry Bulb Temperature t (°C)

Generally referred to as standard temperature, the DB
temperature is obtained by using a dry bulb thermometer
(conventional thermometer).

(2) Wet Bulb Temperature t’ (°C)

When a dry bulb thermometer is wrapped in a piece of wet
gauze and an ample air flow (3 m/s or more) is applied, the
heat from the air and evaporating water vapor applied to the
wet bulb will balance at an equal state and the wet bulb
temperature is obtained.

(3) Absolute Humidity x (kg/kg’)

Weight (kg) of the water vapor that corresponds to the weight
(kg’) of the dry air in the humid air.

(4) Relative Humidity ϕ (%)

Ratio of the water vapor pressure Pw in the humid air and the
water vapor pressure Pws in the saturated air at the same
temperature. Relative humidity is obtained with the following
formula:

ϕR = P

W

/PWS

× 100

(5) Dew Point t” (°C)

Water content in the air will start to condense when air is
cooled and the dry bulb temperature at that condition is the
dew point.

(6) Enthalpy i (kJ/kg)

Physical matter has a set heat when it is at a certain
temperature and state. The retained heat is called the
enthalpy, with dry air at 0 °C being set at 0.

Temperature (°C)

Absolute humidity x (kg/kg’)

Wet bulb temperature

(dew point) t’ (°C)

Relative humidity ϕ (%)

The dew point t” of the air at point A is the temperature
of the point at the same absolute humidity as point A
on the saturation curve.

t” °C dew point

Enthalpy i (kJ/kg)

A

t”

Parallel to absolute
temperature scale line

U-20

CHAPTER 2 ● Lossnay Construction and Technology

5. Lossnay Energy Recovery Calculation

The following diagram shows the various air conditions when ventilation air is introduced through the Lossnay Core. If a
conventional sensible energy recovery unit is used alone and is assumed to have the same energy recovery efficiency as
Lossnay, the condition of the air supplied to the room is expressed by Point A in the figure. Point A shows that the air is very
humid in summer and very dry in winter.
The air supplied to the room with Lossnay is indicated by Point S in the figure. The air is precooled and dehumidified in the
summer, and preheated and humidified in the winter before it is introduced to the room.

iSA

iOA

tOA tSA

A

S

O

R

i

RA

iSA

iOA

tRA tRA

S

R

AO

t

SA tOA

XOA

XSA

XRA

XRA

XSA

XOA

iRA

The quantity of heat recovered by using the Lossnay Core can be calculated with the formula below:

Total heat recovered: qT = γ × Q × (iOA - iSA) [W]

= γ × Q × (i

OA - iRA) × ηi

Where γ = Specific weight of the air under standard conditions 1.2 (kg/m

3

)

Q= Treated air volume (m

3

/h)
t= Temperature (°C)
x= Absolute humidity (kg/kg’)
i= Enthalpy (kJ/kg)
η = Energy recovery efficiency (%)

OA : Outdoor air
RA : Return air
SA : Supply air

Enthalpy (kJ/kg)

Ventilation load

Lossnay Core energy recovery

Enthalpy (kJ/kg)

Ventilation load

Lossnay Core energy recovery

Outdoor air

condition in

winter

Supply air condition of

the Lossnay

Supply air condition of

the Lossnay

Room air

condition

in summer

Outdoor air condition

in summer

Absolute

humidity (kg/kg’)

Room air condition in winter

Dry bulb temperature (°C)

CHAPTER 3

General Technical Considerations

1. Lossnay Energy Recovery Effect

1.1 Comparing Ventilation Load of Various Ventilators

Examples of formulas that compare the energy recovered and ventilation load when ventilating with the Lossnay (total energy
recovery unit), a sensible energy recovery ventilation unit (sensible HRV), and a conventional ventilator unit are shown below.

(1) Cooling During Summer

Conditions

●

Model LGH-100RX5-E

●

Energy recovery efficiency table (%)

(at 50Hz, high speed) (For summer)

●

Ventilation rate: 1,000 m3/h
(specific gravity of air

ρ

= 1.2 kg/m3)

U-22

CHAPTER 3 ● General Technical Considerations

Lossnay Sensible HRV Conventional

Unit Unit Ventilator Unit

Temperature

76 76 –

(Sensible Heat)

Enthalpy

71 17* –

(Total Heat)

hOA

hSA

hRA

84.6

62.1

52.9

tOA

33

tSA

27.7

tRA

26

R

S

AO

X

OA

0.0201

XSA

0.0134

XRA

0.0105

●

Lossnay Unit
(Supply air diffuser temperature)

= 33°C – (33°C – 26°C) × 0.76 = 27.7°C

(Supply air diffuser enthalpy)

= 84.6 – (84.6 – 52.9) × 0.71 = 62.1 kJ/kg

Heat recovered

(84.6 – 62.1) × 1.2 × 1,000 = 27,000

kJ/kg

= 7.5 kW

Ventilation load

(62.1 – 52.9) × 1.2 × 1,000 = 11,040

kJ/kg

= 3.1 kW

●

Sensible HRV Unit
(Supply air diffuser temperature)

= 33°C – (33°C – 26°C) × 0.76 = 27.7°C

(Supply air diffuser enthalpy)

hSA = 79.2 kJ/kg (from psychrometric chart)

Heat recovered

(84.6 – 79.2) × 1.2 × 1,000 = 6,480

kJ/kg

= 1.8 kW

Ventilation load

(79.2 – 52.9) × 1.2 × 1,000 = 31,560

kJ/kg

= 8.8 kW

[Calculated enthalpy recovery efficiency 1.8 ÷ (1.8 + 8.8) × 100 = 17.0%]

●

Conventional Ventilator Unit
If a conventional ventilator unit is used, the energy recovered will be 0 as the
supply air diffuser is equal to the outdoor air.
The ventilation load is:
(84.6 – 52.9)

×

1.2 ×1,000 = 38,040 kj/h = 10.6 kW

Calculation Example Summer Conditions

Absolute humidity (kg/kg’)

Room air condition in summer

Outdoor air condition

in summer

Supply air condition

of the Lossnay

Dry bulb temperature (°C)

Lossnay energy recovery

Ventilation load

Enthalpy

(kJ/kg)

Supply air

Room air

Indoor Unit

of

Air Conditioner

Lossnay

Unit

Sensible HRV

Unit

Conventional

Ventilator Unit

Dry bulb
temperature

Absolute
humidity

Relative
humidity

Enthalpy

26°C

27.7 27.7 33

13.4 20.1 20.1

58 86 63

62.1 79.2 84.6

7.5 8.8 0

3.1 1.8 10.6

71 17 100

10.5 g/kg’

50%

52.9 kj/kg

Outdoor air

Exhaust air

Dry bulb
temperature
Absolute
humidity
Relative
humidity

Enthalpy

33°C

20.1 g/kg’

63%

84.6 kj/kg

Dry bulb temperature (°C)

Absolute humidity (g/kg’)

Relative humidity (%)

Enthalpy (kJ/kg)

Ventilation load (kW)

Ventilation load ratio (%)

Total energy recovered (kW)

* Calculated volume under conditions below.