Daikin McQuay Pathfinder™ air-cooled chillers are complete,
self-contained chillers that include the latest in engineered
components arranged to provide a compact and efficient unit.
Each unit is completely assembled, factory wired, evacuated,
charged, tested and comes complete and ready for installation.
Each of two circuits consists of an air-cooled condenser
section with an integral subcooler section, a semi-hermetic,
single-screw compressor with starter, a multi-circuit, shelland-tube, direct expansion evaporator, an economizer and
complete refrigerant piping. Each compressor has an
independent refrigeration circuit. Liquid line components
included are a manual liquid line shutoff valve, charging port,
filter-drier, sight-glass/moisture indicator, and electronic
expansion valve. A combination discharge check and shutoff
valve is included and a compressor suction shutoff valve is
optional. Other features include compressor heaters,
evaporator heaters for freeze protection, automatic, one-time
pumpdown of each refrigerant circuit upon circuit shutdown,
and an advanced fully integrated microprocessor control
system.
Introduction
A high ambient option is required for operation in ambient
temperatures above 100F (37.8C) and up to 125F (51.7C)
and when the VFD low ambient option is selected.
Information on the operation of the unit MicroTech
controller is in the OM 998 manual.
Inspection
When the equipment is received, carefully check all items
against the bill of lading to verify for a complete shipment.
Check all units for damage upon arrival. All shipping damage
must be reported to the carrier and a claim must be filed with
the carrier. Check the unit’s serial plate before unloading the
unit to be sure that it agrees with the power supply available.
Physical damage to a unit after shipment is not McQuay
International’s responsibility.
Note: Unit shipping and operating weights are shown in the
Physical Data Tables beginning on page 15.
III
Pathfinder units are available as standard efficiency (ADS) or
high efficiency (ADH) or premium efficiency (ADP).
Table 1: Operating Limits
Maximum standby ambient temperature130°F (55°C)
Maximum operating ambient temperature100°F (37.8°C)
with optional high ambient package (see detailed information in Cat 600)125°F (52°C)
Minimum operating ambient temperature (standard control)35°F (2°C)
Minimum operating ambient temperature (with optional low-ambient control)0°F (-18°C)
Leaving chilled water temperature40°F to 60°F (4.4°C to 15.6°C)
Leaving chilled fluid temperatures (with anti-freeze) - Unloading is not permitted with fluid leaving
temperatures below 30°F (-1°C).20°F to 60°F (-7°C to 16°C)
Operating chilled water delta-T range6 to 18°F (-14 to -8°C)
Maximum evaporator operating inlet fluid temperature76°F (24°C)
Maximum evaporator non-operating inlet fluid temperature100°F (38°C)
Installation and maintenance are to be performed only by
qualified personnel who are familiar with local codes and
regulations, and experienced with this type of equipment.
WARNING
Sharp edges and coil surfaces are a potential injury hazard.
Avoid contact with them.
Start-up by McQuay Factory Service is included on all
Pathfinder units sold for installation within the U.S. and
Canada and must be performed by them to initiate the standard
Limited Product Warranty. Start-up by any party other than
McQuay Factory Service or a McQuay Authorized Service
Representative will void the Limited Product Warranty. Twoweek prior notification of start-up is required. The contractor
should obtain a copy of the Start-up Scheduled Request Form
from the sales representative or from the nearest McQuay
Factory Service office.
WARNING
Escaping refrigerant can displace air and cause suffocation.
Immediately evacuate and ventilate the equipment area. If the
unit is damaged, follow Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) requirements. Do not expose sparks, arcing equipment,
open flame or other ignition source to the refrigerant.
For pad-mounted units, it is recommended that the unit be
raised a few inches with suitable supports such as neoprene
waffle vibration pads, located at least under the mounting
locations. This will allow water to drain from under the unit
and facilitate cleaning under it.
Figure 2: Required Lifting Method
Handling
DANGER
Improper lifting or moving of a unit can result in property
damage, severe personal injury or death. Follow rigging and
moving instructions carefully.
Avoid rough handling shock due to impact or dropping the
unit. Do not push or pull the unit. Never allow any part of the
unit to fall during unloading or moving, as this can result in
serious damage.
To lift the unit, lifting tabs with 3" (76 mm) diameter holes are
provided on the base of the unit. All lifting holes must be used
when lifting the unit. Spreader bars and cables should be
arranged to prevent damage to the condenser coils or unit
cabinet (see Figure 2).
Location
Locate the unit carefully to provide proper airflow to the
condenser. (SeeFigure 4, page 5 for required clearances.)Using
less clearance than shown in Figure 4can cause discharge air
recirculation to the condenser and could have a significant
detrimental effect on unit performance.
Due to the shape of the condenser coils on the Pathfinder
chillers, it is recommended that the unit be oriented so that
prevailing winds blow parallel to the unit length, thus
minimizing the wind effect on condensing pressure and
performance. If low ambient temperature operation is
expected, optional louvers should be installed if the unit has no
protection against prevailing winds.
4IM 997-4
NOTES:
1. Unit with 8 lifting points illustrated above; the number of
condenser sections, fans, and lifting points can vary from
this diagram.see lifting/mounting drawings beginning on
page page 43 to identfy the number of lifting points for a
specific unit.
2. All rigging points must be used. See weights at lifting
points beginning on page 39 for each specific size unit.
3. Crosswise and lengthwise spreader bars must be used to
avoid damage to unit.
Service Access
Compressors, filter-driers, and manual liquid line shutoff
valves are accessible on each side or end of the unit. The
evaporator heater is located on the barrel.
The control panels are located on the end of the chiller. The
left-hand control box contains the unit and circuit
microprocessors as well as transformers, fuses and terminal.
The right-hand panel contains a circuit breaker. A minimum of
four feet of clearance is required in front of the panels. The
side clearance required for airflow provides sufficient service
clearance.
On all Pathfinder units, the condenser fans and motors can be
Fan Contactors, 1 per Fan
Circuit #1
Cir# 1, Fan Circuit Breake
r
Fan Contactors
1
p
er Fan, Circuit #2
Phase/Voltage
Monitor
120/24V
Transforme
r
Line/120V
Transformer
NOTES:
1. The Emergency Switch Relay de-energizes circuit #1 and #2 control power when activated,
causing an immediate compressor and fan shutdown. The red emergency button switch is
located on the bottom front of the control panel door.
2. The control power transformer is located in the power panel adjacent to the control panel.
3. Additional extension (aka extension) modules are located elsewhere on the chiller.
Alarm & Limit
Extension
Module
MicroTech III
Main
Controller
Optional
115V
Outlet
Cir #1 & #2
Fan Control
Extension
Module
Controller
Fuse
Emergency
Switch
Relay
Control
Circuit
Breaker
Unit On/Off
Switch
Circuit #1
Pumpdown
Switch
Circuit #2
Pumpdown
Switch
g,,g
Compressor #1
Circuit Breaker
Compressor #2
Circuit Breake
r
5ft (1.5 m)
if open fence or 50% open wall
if solid wall (see note 3 for pit )
5ft (1 .5m)
if open fence or 50% open wall
if solid wall (see note 3 for pit)
No obstructions.
Recommended area
required for unit
operation, air flow
and maintenance
access.
3ft (1m) for service
Se e Note 5
Wall or
Fence
Air Flo
w
No obstructions allowedabove unit at any heightSee notes 2 &
4
concerning wall
height at unit sides.
6ft (1 .8m)
6ft (1.8 m)
4ft (1.2 m)
For electric
panel access
removed from the top of the unit. The complete fan/motor
assembly can be removed for service. The fan blade must be
removed for access to wiring terminals at the top of the motor.
DANGER
Disconnect, lockout and tag all power to the unit before
servicing condenser fan motors or compressors. Failure to do
so can cause bodily injury or death.
Do not block access to the sides or ends of the unit with piping
or conduit. These areas must be open for service access. Do
not block access to the control panels with field-mounted
disconnect switches.
Installation and Startup
Figure 3: Control and Power Panel Component Location
Clearance Requirements
Notes:
1
Minimum side clearance between two units is 12 feet
(3.7 meters).
2 Unit must not be installed in a pit or enclosure that is
deeper or taller than the height of the unit unless extra
clearance is provided per note 4.
3 Minimum clearance on each side is 8 feet (2.4 meters)
when installed in a pit no deeper than the unit height.
4 Minimum side clearance to a side wall or building taller
than the unit height is 6 feet (1.8 meters), provided no
solid wall above 6 feet (1.8 meters) is closer than 12 feet
(3.7 meters) to the opposite side of the unit.
5 Do not mount electrical conduits where they can block
service access to compressor controls, refrigerant driers
or valves.
6 There must be no obstruction of the fan discharge.
7 Field installed switches must not interfere with service
access or airflow.
Figure 4: Clearance Requirements
IM 997-4 5
Installation and Startup
AWS PACKAGE CHILLER
331994701 REV. 0D
CHARGING
VALV E
LIQUID
TUBING
BALL
VALVE
CHARGING
VALV E
SOLENOID
VALVE
FILTER
DRYER
SOLENOID
VALV E
(OPTIONAL)
SIGHT
GLASS
EXPANSION
VALVE
WATER I N
WATER O UT
DX EVAPORATOR
SUCTION
TUBING
OIL PRESS.
TRANSDUCER
WITH SCHRADER
VALV E
DISCHARGE
TUBING
AIR
FLOW
AIR
FLOW
CONDENSER
ASSEMBLY
F3/F4
COMPRESSOR
RELIEF
VALV E
SUCTION
TEMP. SENSOR
SUCTION
TRANSDUCER
DISCHARGE
TEMP. SENSOR
(WOE)
TEMP. SENSOR
(WIE)
TEMP. SENSOR
OUTSIDE AIR
TEMPERATURE
(WAA)
SCHRADER
VALVE
SCHRADER
VALVE
SHUT-OFF
VALV E
BUTTERFLY
VALVE
(OPTIONAL)
RELIEF
VALV E
DISCHARGE
TRANSDUCER
SCHRADER
VALV E
STRAINER
BALL
VALVE
LIQUID
INJECTION
TUBING
SCHRADER
VALVE
(HEADER)
SCHRADER
VALV E
CHARGING
VALV E
Note: Provide 20-mesh strainer
at evaporator inlet
AWS PACKAGE CHILLER
WITH ECONOMIZER
331994701 REV. 0D
CHARGING
VALV E
LIQUID
TUBING
BALL
VALV E
ECONOMIZER
ECONOMIZER FLASH GAS TO COMPRESSOR INTERSTAGE
LIQUID
INJECTION
TUBING
FILTER
DRYER
SOLENOID
VALV E
(OPTIONAL)
SIGHT
GLASS
EXPANSION
VALV E
WATER I N
WATER OU T
DX EVAPORATOR
SUCTION
TUBING
OIL PRESS.
TRANSDUCER
WITH SCHRADER
VALV E
DISCHARGE
TUBING
AIR
FLOW
AIR
FLOW
CONDENSER
ASSEMBLY
F3/F4
COMPRESSOR
RELIEF
VALV E
SUCTION
TEMP. SENSOR
SUCTION
TRANSDUCER
DISCHARGE
TEMP.SENSOR
(WOE)
TEMP. SENSOR
(WIE)
TEMP. SENSOR
OUTSIDE AIR
TEMPERATURE
(WAA)
SCHRADER
VALV E
SCHRADER
VALV E
SCHRADER
VALV E
CHARGING
VALV E
SOLENOID
VALV E
TGE
EXPANSION
VALV E
SHUT-OFF
VALV E
CHECK
VALV E
CHECK
VALV E
BUTTERFLY
VALV E
(OPTIONAL)
RELIEF
VALV E
DISCHARGE
TRANSDUCER
BALL
VALV E
SCHRADER
VALV E
SOLENOID
VALV E
SCHRADER
VALV E
STRAINER
SCHRADER
VALV E
(HEADER)
VALV E
CHARGING
VALV E
Note: Provide 20-mesh strainer
at evaporator inlet
Figure 5: Refrigerant Diagram - All Standard Efficiency Models (one circuit shown of two or three possible circuits)
Figure 6: Refrigerant Diagram-All High and PremiumEfficiency Models (one circuit shown of two - three possible circuits)
6IM 997-4
Installation and Startup
Building
Full Load Capacity Adjustment Factor
D=4 ft (1 .2m)
D=5 ft (1 .5m)
D=6 ft (1 .8m)
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
8
(2.4)
16
(4.8)
24
(7.2)
H - Height of W all or Building in ft. (m )
)
Full Load Power Adjustment Factor
D=4 ft (1 .2m)
D=5 ft (1 .5m)
D=6 ft (1 .8m)
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
8
(2.4)
16
(4.8)
24
(7.2)
H - Height of W all or Building in ft . (m)
Power Increase ( %)
H
D
Restricted Air Flow
The clearances required for design operation of Pathfinder aircooled chillers are described in the previous section.
Occasionally, these clearances cannot be maintained due to site
restrictions such as units being too close together or a fence or
wall restricting airflow, or both. Pathfinder chillers have
several features that may help mitigate the penalties
attributable to restricted airflow.
"The condenser section is "W" shaped, as shown below. This
allows inlet air for these coils to come in from both sides and
the bottom. All the coils in one "V" section serve one
compressor. Each compressor has its own independent
refrigerant circuit.
"The MicroTech III control is proactive in response to "offdesign conditions". In the case of single or compounded
influences restricting airflow to the unit, the microprocessor
will act to keep the unit running (at reduced capacity), rather
than allowing a shut-off on high discharge pressure.
Case 1: Building or Wall on One Side of One Unit
The existence of a screening wall or the wall of a building in
close proximity to an air-cooled chiller is common in both
rooftop and ground level applications. Hot air recirculation on
the coils adjoining the wall will increase compressor discharge
pressure, decreasing capacity and increasing power
consumption.
When close to a wall, it is desirable to place chillers on the
north or east side of them. It is also desirable to have
prevailing winds blowing parallel to the unit's long axis. The
worst case is to have wind blowing hot discharge air into the
wall.
Figure 7: Unit Adjacent to Wall - Adjustment Factors
Capacity Reduction (%
IM 997-4 7
Installation and Startup
Full Load Capacity Adjustment Factor
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
6
(1.8)
8
(2.4)
10
(3.0)
12
(3.6)
Distance Between Units in ft. (m)
)
Full Load Power Adjustment Factor
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
6
(1.8)
8
(2.4)
10
(3.0)
12
(3.6)
Distance Between Units in ft. (m)
Power Increase (%)
Full Load Capacity Adjustment Factor
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
8
(2.4)
12
(3.6)
16
(4.8)
20
(6.1)
Distance Between Units in ft. (m)
)
Full Load Power Adjustment Factor
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8
(2.4)12(3.6)16(4.8)20(6.1)
Distance Between Units in ft. (m)
Power Increase (%)
Case 2: Two Units Side By Side
Two or more units sited side by side are common. If spaced
closer than 12 feet (3.7 meters) it is necessary to adjust the
performance of each unit; circuits adjoining each other are
affected. If one of the two units also has a wall adjoining it, see
Case 1. Add the two adjustment factors together and apply to
the unit located between the wall and the other unit.
Mounting units end to end will not necessitate adjusting
performance.
Do not use pit or solid wall surrounds where the ambient air
temperature exceeds 105F (40C).
Figure 8: Two Units Side by Side - Adjustment Factors
Case 3: Three or More Units Side By Side
When three or more units are side by side, the outside chillers
(1 and 3 in this case) are influenced by the middle unit only on
their inside circuits. Their adjustment factors will be the same
as Case 2. All inside units (only number 2 in this case) are
influenced on both sides and must be adjusted by the factors
shown below.
Figure 9: Three or More Units - Adjustment Factor
Capacity Reduction (%
Capacity Reduction (%
8IM 997-4
Installation and Startup
Wall Free Area vs Distance
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
0 1020304050
% Open Wall Area
D - Distance from Wall to Unit in Ft. (m)
Full Load Power Adjustment Factor
D= 6 ft (1 .8m )
D=8 ft (2.4 m)
(3.1 m )
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
8
(2.4)
10
(3.1)
12
(3.7)
14
(4.3)
H - H eigh t of W all or Bu ilding in ft . (m )
Power Increase (% )
Case 4: Open Screening Walls
Decorative screening walls are often used to help conceal a
unit either on grade or on a rooftop. Design these walls such
that the combination of their open area and distance from the
unit do not require performance adjustment. It is assumed that
the wall height is equal to or less than the unit height when
mounted on its base support. This is usually satisfactory for
concealment. If the wall height is greater than the unit height,
see Case 5, Pit Installation.
The distance from the sides of the unit to the side walls must
be sufficient for service, such as opening control panel doors.
If each side wall is a different distance from the unit, the
distances can be averaged providing either wall is not less than
8 feet (2.4 meters) from the unit. For example, do not average
4 feet and 20 feet to equal 12 feet (1 meter and 5 meters to
equal 3 meters).
Figure 10: Open Screening Walls - Adjustment Factors
Case 5, Pit/Solid Wall Installation
Pit installations can cause operating problems. Use care if they
are to be used on an installation. Recirculation and restriction
can both occur. A solid wall surrounding a unit is substantially
the same as a pit and the data presented here should be used.
Steel grating is sometimes used to cover a pit to prevent
accidental falls or trips into the pit. The grating material and
installation design must be strong enough to prevent such
accidents, yet provide abundant open area or serious
recirculation problems will occur. Have any pit installation
reviewed by the McQuay sales representative prior to
installation to make sure it has sufficient air-flow
characteristics. The installation design engineer must approve
the work to avoid an unreasonable risk of accident.
Figure 11: Pit Installation - Adjustment Factors
D=10 ft
IM 997-4 9
Installation and Startup
Chilled Water
It is recommended that the chilled water pumps' starters be
wired to, and controlled by, the chiller's microprocessor. The
controller will energize the pump whenever at least one circuit
on the chiller is enabled to run, whether there is a call for
cooling or not. The control will also start the pump when
freezing temperatures are approached. Wiring connection
points are shown in Figure 62, page 78.
Water Piping
Due to the variety of piping practices, follow the
recommendations of local authorities. They can supply the
installer with the proper building and safety codes required for
a proper installation.
Design the piping with a minimum number of bends and
changes in elevation to keep system cost down and
performance up. It should contain:
1 Vibration eliminators to reduce vibration and noise
transmission to the building.
2 Shutoff valves to isolate the unit from the piping system
during unit servicing.
3 Manual or automatic air-vent valves at the high points of
the system and drains at the low parts in the system. The
evaporator should not be the highest point in the piping
system.
4 Some means of maintaining adequate system water
pressure (i.e., expansion tank or regulating valve).
5 Water temperature and pressure indicators located at the
evaporator inlet and outlet to aid in unit servicing. Any
connections should be made prior to filling the system
with water.
6 A strainer to remove foreign matter from the water
before it enters the pump. Place the strainer far enough
upstream to prevent cavitation at the pump inlet (consult
pump manufacturer for recommendations). The use of a
strainer will prolong pump life and help maintain high
system performance levels. Note: A 20-mesh strainer
must also be placed in the supply water line just prior to
the inlet of the evaporator. This will aid in preventing
foreign material from entering the evaporator and
causing damage or decreasing its performance. Care
must also be exercised if welding pipe or flanges to the
evaporator connections to prevent any weld slag from
entering the vessel.
7 Any water piping to the unit must be protected to prevent
freeze-up if below freezing temperatures are expected.
8 If the unit is used as a replacement chiller on a
previously existing piping system, flush the system
thoroughly prior to unit installation. Perform regular
chilled water analysis and chemical water treatment
immediately at equipment start-up.
9 In the event glycol is added to the water system as a late
addition for freeze protection, recognize that the
refrigerant suction pressure will be lower, cooling
performance less, and water side pressure drop greater. If
the percentage of glycol is large, or if propylene is
employed in lieu of ethylene glycol, the added pressure
drop and loss of performance could be substantial.
10 For ice making or low temperature glycol operation, a
different freezestat pressure value is usually required.
The freezestat setting can be manually changed through
the MicroTech III controller.
Make a preliminary leak check prior to insulating the water
piping and filling the system.
Include a vapor barrier with the piping insulation to prevent
moisture condensation and possible damage to the building
structure. It is important to have the vapor barrier on the
outside of the insulation to prevent condensation within the
insulation on the cold surface of the pipe.
Optional Inlet Strainer
An inlet water strainer kit is available as a shipped-loose
option, sized per Tab le 2 and with the pressure drop shown in
Figure 12. The kit is field installed and consists of:
• Y-type 40% open area strainer with 304 stainless steel
perforated basket, Victaulic pipe connections and
strainer cap
• Extension pipe with two Schrader fittings that can be
used for a pressure gauge and thermal dispersion flow
switch. The pipe provides sufficient clearance from the
evaporator for strainer basket removal.
• ½-inch blowdown valve
• Two Victaulic clamps
Table 2: Strainer Sizing Data
AWS Model
175ADS-250ADS
210ADH-250ADH
280ADS-350ADS
280ADH-405ADH
375ADS-530ADS
445ADH-530ADH
Strainer
Size (in.)
630.572
836.0125
1043.0205
Strainer Plus
Pipe Length
(in.)
Strainer
Weight
(lbs)
10IM 997-4
Installation and Startup
Figure 12: Strainer Pressure Drop
Installing Optional Inlet Strainer
The extension pipe is located adjacent to the evaporator with
the strainer then mounted to it. The strainer must be mounted
per manufacturer's instruction with the arrows in the direction
of flow; inlet and outlet are noted along with the arrows.
Use one Victaulic clamp to mount the extension pipe to the
evaporator and the second to mount the strainer to the pipe.
The clamps to mount the field piping to the strainer are field
supplied. The piping and strainer must be supported to prevent
any stress on the evaporator nozzle.
The extension pipe has two Schrader fittings that can be used
as desired, frequently for mounting the optional McQuay
thermal dispersion flow switch and a water pressure gauge.
The ball valve can be installed in the strainer basket cover as a
blow-down valve.
System Water Volume
All chilled water systems need adequate time to recognize a
load change, respond to that load change and stabilize, without
undesirable short cycling of the compressors or loss of control.
In air conditioning systems, the potential for short cycling
usually exists when the building load falls below the minimum
chiller plant capacity or on close-coupled systems with very
small water volumes.
Some of the things the designer should consider when looking
at water volume are the minimum cooling load, the minimum
chiller plant capacity during the low load period and the
desired cycle time for the compressors.
Assuming that there are no sudden load changes and that the
chiller plant has reasonable turndown, a rule of thumb of
"gallons of water volume equal to two to three times the
chilled water gpm flow rate" is often used.
A properly designed storage tank should be added if the
system components do not provide sufficient water volume.
Variable Speed Pumping
Variable water flow involves reducing the water flow through
the evaporator as the load decreases. McQuay chillers are
designed for this duty, provided that the rate of change in water
flow is slow, and the minimum and maximum flow rates for
the vessel are not exceeded.
The recommended maximum change in water flow is 10
percent of the change per minute. For example, if the
maximum (design) flow is 200 gpm and the flow is reduced to
a minimum of 140 gpm, the change in flow is 60 gpm, so the
maximum change per minute would be 10% of 60, or 6 gpm
per minute. It would take ten minutes to change the flow
through the entire range.
The water flow through the vessel must remain between the
minimum and maximum values listed on page 19. If flow
drops below the minimum allowable, large reductions in heat
transfer can occur. If the flow exceeds the maximum rate,
excessive pressure drop and tube erosion can occur.
Evaporator Freeze Protection
Pathfinder chillers are equipped with thermostatically
controlled evaporator heaters that help protect against freezeup down to -20°F (-28°C). For additional protection, at least
one of the followingprocedures should be used during periods
of sub-freezing temperatures:
1 Adding of a concentration of a glycol anti-freeze with a
freeze point 10°F. below the lowest expected
temperature. This will result in decreased capacity and
increased pressure drop.
Note: Do not use automotive grade antifreezes as they contain
inhibitors harmful to chilled water systems. Use only
glycols specifically designated for use in building cooling
systems.
2
Draining the water from outdoor equipment and piping
and blowing the chiller tubes dry from the chiller. Do not
energize the chiller heater when water is drained from
the vessel.
3 Providing operation of the chilled water pump,
circulating water through the chilled water system and
through the evaporator
Note: The heaters come from the factory connected to the
control power circuit. The control power can be rewired
in the field to a separate 115V supply (do not wire directly
to the heater). See the field wiring diagram on page 78. If
this is done, it should power the entire control circuit.
Mark the disconnect switch clearly to avoid accidental
deactivation of the heater during freezing temperatures.
Exposed chilled water piping also requires protection. If
the evaporator is drained for winter freeze protection, the
IM 997-4 11
Installation and Startup
on switch
1" (25mm)NPT flowswitch connection
Tee
dia.min. before switch
1 1/4" (32mm)pipe
dia. min. afterswitch
on switch
1" (25mm) NPT flow
switch connection
1 1/4" (32mm) pipe
dia. min. before switch
1 1/4" (32mm) pipe
dia. min. after switch
Tee
heaters must be de-energized to prevent heater
burnout..
Table 3: Freeze Protection
% Volume Glycol Concentration Required
Temp.
F (C)
20 (6.7)16181112
10 (-12.2)25291720
0 (-17.8)33362224
-10 (-23.3)39422628
-20 (-28.9)44463030
-30 (-34.4)48503033
-40 (-40.0)52543035
-50 (-45.6)56573035
-60 (-51.1)60603035
Note: “Freeze protection” maintains the solution in a pumpable, usable
Note: These figures are examples only and cannot be appropriate to every
Note: Glycol of less than 25% concentration is not recommended because
For Freeze ProtectionFor Burst Protection
Ethylene
Glycol
liquid state. “Burst protection” prevents pipes from rupturing, but
solution may be in a gel state and not pumpable. In most
applications, “burst” protection is sufficient; concentrations over 30%
Ethylene Glycol or 35% Propylene Glycol will result in efficiency and
capacity losses with negligible protection increases
situation. Generally, for an extended margin of protection, select a
temperature at least 15°F lower than the expected lowest ambient
temperature. Inhibitor levels should be adjusted for solutions less
than 25% glycol.
of the potential for bacterial growth and loss of efficiency.
Propylene
Glycol
Ethylene
Glycol
Propylene
Glycol
Flow Switch
A flow switch must be included in the chilled water system to
prove that there is adequate water flow before the unit can
start. It also serves to shut down the unit in the event that water
flow is interrupted in order to guard against evaporator freezeup.
A factory-mounted, solid state, thermal dispersion flow switch
is available as an option. A field-installed version is also
available as a kit (Accessory part number 332688401).
A paddle-type flow switch for field mounting and wiring is
also available as a kit (Accessory part number 017503300). It
is adaptable to pipe sizes from 1" (25mm) to 8" (203mm).
Certain minimum flow rates are required to close the switch
and are listed in Table 4. Installation should be as shown in
Figure 13.
Electrical connections in the unit control center should be
made at terminals 60 and 67 from switch terminals Y and R.
The normally open contacts of the flow switch should be wired
between these two terminals. Flow switch contact quality must
be suitable for 24 VAC, low current (16ma). Flow switch wire
must be in separate conduit from any high voltage conductors
(115 VAC and higher) and have an insulation rating of 600
volts.
Table 4: Paddle Type Flow Switch Flow Rates
Pipe Size
(NOTE)-(2)(2)(3)(4)(4)(4)(5)
Flow
Min.
Adjst.
No Flow
Flow
Max.
Adjst.
No Flow
Note: 1A segmented 3-inch paddle (1, 2, and 3 inches) is furnished mounted, plus a 6-inch paddle loose.
2
Flow rates for a 2-inch paddle trimmed to fit the pipe.
Note:
3
Flow rates for a 3-inch paddle trimmed to fit the pipe.
Note:
4
Flow rates for a 3-inch paddle.
Note:
5
Flow rates for a 6-inch paddle.
Note:
inch1 1/41 1/222 1/234568
mm3238516376102127153204
gpm
Lpm
gpm
Lpm
gpm
Lpm
gpm
Lpm
5.87.513.718.027.565.0125.0190.0205.0
1.31.73.14.16.214.828.443.246.6
3.75.09.512.519.050.0101.0158.0170.0
0.81.12.22.84.311.422.935.938.6
13.319.229.034.553.0128.0245.0375.0415.0
3.04.46.67.812.029.155.685.294.3
12.518.027.032.050.0122.0235.0360.0400.0
2.84.16.17.311.427.753.481.890.8
Flow directionmarked
Flow direction marked
1 1/4"(32mm) pipe
12IM 997-4
Installation and Startup
Drain
Gate
Water
Strainer
Eliminator
Pressure
Gauge
In
Out
Protect All Field Piping
Against Freezing
Flow
Eliminator
Flow
Switch
Balancing
Gate
Flow
Liquid
Suction
TDelta
factorflowtons
GPM
24
Figure 13: Typical Field Water Piping
Vent
Vibration
Valved
Vibration
Valve
Valve
Valve
Note: Connections for vent and drain fittings are located on the
top and bottom of the evaporator.
Note: Piping must be supported to avoid putting strain on the
evaporator nozzles.
Refrigerant Charge
All packaged units are designed for use with R-134a and are
shipped with a full operating charge. The operating charge for
each unit is shown in the Physical Data Tables beginning on
page 15.
Glycol Solutions
When using glycol anti-freeze solutions, the chiller's capacity,
glycol solution flow rate, and pressure drop through the
evaporator can be calculated using the following formulas and
tables.
Note: The procedure below does not specify the type of
glycol. Use the derate factors found in Table 5 or Table 6
forcorrections when using glycol.
1 Capacity - Cooling capacity is reduced from that with
plain water. To find the reduced value, multiply the
chiller’s water system tonnage by the capacity correction
factor to find the chiller’s capacity when using glycol.
2 Flow - To determine flow (or Delta-T) knowing Delta-T
(or flow) and capacity:
3 Pressure drop - To determine pressure drop through the
evaporator when using glycol, enter the water pressure
drop curve at the water flow rate. Multiply the water
pressure drop found there by the "PD" factor to obtain
corrected glycol pressure drop.
4 Power - To determine glycol system kW, multiply the
water system kW by the factor designated "Power".
Note: Do not use automotive grade antifreeze. Industrial grade glycols
must be used. Automotive antifreeze contains inhibitors that will
cause plating on the copper tubes within the chiller evaporator.
The type and handling of glycol used must be consistent with
local codes.
Performance Adjustment Factors
Ethylene and Propylene Glycol Factors
AWS chiller units are designed to operate with leaving chilled
fluid temperatures of 20.0°F to 60.0°F (-6.7°C to 15.6°C).
Consult the local McQuay sales office for performance outside
these temperatures. Leaving chilled fluid temperatures below
40°F (4.4°C) result in evaporating temperatures at or below the
freezing point of water and a glycol solution is required.
MicroTech III control inhibits compressor unloading at leaving
fluid temperatures below 30°F (-1°C).
McQuay also recommends optional double insulation, and the
system designer should determine its necessity. The use of glycol will reduce the performance of the unit depending on its
concentration. Take this into consideration during initial system design. On glycol applications, the supplier typically recommends that a minimum of 25% solution by weight be used
for protection against corrosion, or additional inhibitors will be
Test coolant with a clean, accurate glycol solution hydrometer
(similar to that found in service stations) to determine the
freezing point. Obtain percent glycol from the freezing point
table below. On glycol applications, the supplier normally
recommends that a minimum of 25% solution by weight be
used for protection against corrosion or that additional
inhibitors should be employed.
IM 997-4 13
Installation and Startup
Table 7: Ambient Freeze Protection
Percent Volume Glycol Concentration Required
For Freeze ProtectionFor Burst Protection
Temperature
F (C)
20 (6.7)16181112
10 (-12.2)25291720
0 (-17.8)33362224
-10 (-23.3)39422628
-20 (-28.9)44463030
-30 (-34.4)48503033
-40 (-40.0)52543035
-50 (-45.6)56573035
-60 (-51.1)60603035
Note: “Freeze protection” maintains the solution ina pumpable, usable
liquid state. “Burst protection” prevents pipes from rupturing, but the
solution may be in a gel state and not pumpable. In most
applications, “burst” protection is sufficient; concentrations over
30% Ethylene Glycol or 35% Propylene Glycol will result in
efficiency and capacity losses with negligible protection increases.
Note: These figures are examples only and may not be appropriate to
every situation. Generally, for an extended margin of protection,
select a temperature at least 15°F (-12°C) lower than the expected
lowest ambient temperature. Adjust inhibitor levels for solutions
less than 25% glycol
Note: Glycol of less than 25% concentration is not recommended because
of the potential for bacterial growth and subsequent loss of heat
transfer efficiency. Additional inhibitors may be required.
Ethylene
Glycol
Propylene
Glycol
Ethylene
Glycol
Propylene
Glycol
Electrical Connections
All wiring must be done in accordance with applicable local
and national codes. Pathfinder units can be ordered with either
standard multi-point power or optional single point power
connections and with various disconnect and circuit breaker
options. Wiring within the unit is sized in accordance with the
U.S.A. National Electrical Code. Field-supplied disconnect
switches are required if not factory-supplied with the unit.
Table 8: Electric Power Connection Option
Multi-Point
Power Connection
Disconnect switch per circuit, no
compressor isolation circuit breakers
High short circuit current rated panel
with disconnect switch and no
Note: Disconnect switches are molded case construction with lockable
Note: The individual compressor isolation circuit breakers for each circuit
Note: The high short circuit rated panel means that a short circuit current
Note: The factory-mounted control power transformer is protected by fuses.
Note: Condenser fans are protected and isolated by circuit breakers.
Standard:
Optional:
isolation circuit breakers
through-the-door handles. They can be used to remove the unit/
circuit from the power system.
isolate the compressor and do not have through-the-door handles.
They are operable only after the panel doors are opened.
up to the ratings shown in Table 9, Interrupt Ratings (kAmps)will be
contained in the panel. There is a short period of time when the
circuit breaker willshort circuit before opening a circuit that can
damage downstream components. In other words, the enclosure is
stronger than a standard enclosure. It has a high interrupt rated
disconnect switch.
One disconnect switch replacing
panel with disconnect switch and
Single-Point
Power Connection
one power block, compressor
the power block, compressor
High short circuit current rated
compressor isolation circuit
Optional:
isolation circuit breakers
Optional:
isolation circuit breakers
Optional:
breakers
Table 9: Interrupt Ratings (kAmps)
STANDARD
VOLTAGE
208-23010kA100kA208-230
38010kA65kA380
46010kA65kA460
5755kA25kA575
SHORT
CIRCUIT
PANEL
RATING
HIGH SHORT
CIRCUIT
RATED
PANEL
VOLTAGE
Disconnecting means are addressed by Article 440 of the
U.S.A. National Electrical Code (NEC), which requires
“disconnecting means capable of disconnecting air
conditioning and refrigerating equipment including motorcompressors, and controllers from the circuit feeder.” Select
and locate the disconnect switch per the NEC guidelines.
Maximum recommended fuse sizes are given in the electrical
data tables of this catalog for help in sizing the disconnect.
Terminals are provided in a unit control panel for optional field
hookup of the control circuit to a separate fused 115-volt
power supply in lieu of the standard factory installed control
transformer.
Unit Cap. @ AHRI tons (kW)
Unit Operating Charge lbs (kg)145 (66)145 (66)165 (75)165 (75)165 (75)165 (75)
Unit Dimensions
L x W x H, in . (m m )
Unit Operating Weight, lbs. (kg)
Unit Shipping Weight, lbs (kg)
Weight-Add for Copper Fins, lbs (kg)
g
Weight-Add for PFCC option, lbs (kg)
COMPRESSORS, SCREW, SEMI-HERMETIC
Nominal Capacity, tons (kW)90 (316)90 (316)90 (316)100 (351)100 (351)100 (351)
Minimum Capacity (% of Full Load)
Oil charge per circuit , gallons (liters)4.5 (17)4.5 (17)4.5 (17)5.5 (21)5.5 (21)5.5 (21)
Unit Cap. @ AHRI tons (kW)
Unit Operating Charge lbs (kg)185 (84)185 (84)185 (84)185 (84)210 (95)210 (95)
Unit Dimensions
L x W x H, i n. (m m)
Unit Operating Weight, lbs. (kg)
Unit Shipping Weight, lbs (kg)
Weight-Add for Copper Fins, lbs (kg)
Weight-Add for Louvered Panels, lbs (kg)
g
Weight-Add for PFCC option, lbs (kg)
COMPRESSORS, SCREW, SEMI-HERMETIC
Nominal Capacity, tons (kW)100 (351)125 (439)125 (439)125 (439)125 (439)150 (528)
Minimum Capacity (% of Full Load)
Oil charge per circuit , gallons (liters)5.5 (21)5.5 (21)5.5 (21)5.5 (21)5.5 (21)6 (23)
Unit Cap. @ AHRI tons (kW)
Unit Operating Charge lbs (kg)215 (98)215 (98)265 (120)265 (120)265 (120)265 (120)
Unit Dimensions
L x W x H, in. (mm )
Unit Operating Weight, lbs. (kg)
Unit Shipping Weight, lbs (kg)
Weight-Add for Copper Fins, lbs (kg)
g
Weight-Add for PFCC option, lbs (kg)
COMPRESSORS, SCREW, SEMI-HERMETIC
Nominal Capacity, tons (kW)150 (528)150 (528)150 (128)175 (615)175 (615)175 (615)
Minimum Capacity (% of Full Load)
Oil charge per circuit , gallons (liters)6 (23)6 (23)6 (23)6 (23)6 (23)6 (23)
Unit Cap. @ AHRI tons (kW)
Unit Operating Charge lbs (kg)185 (84)185 (84)220 (100)185 (84)185 (84)220 (100)
Unit Dimensions
L x W x H, i n . (m m )
Unit Operating Weight, lbs. (kg)
Unit Shipping Weight, lbs (kg)
Weight-Add for Copper Fins, lbs (kg)
Weight-Add for Louvered Panels, lbs (kg)
g
Weight-Add for PFCC option, lbs (kg)
COMPRESSORS, SCREW, SEMI-HERMETIC
Nominal Capacity, tons (kW)125 (439)125 (439)125 (439)125 (439)125 (439)150 (528)
Minimum Capacity (% of Full Load)
Oil charge per circuit , gallons (liters)5.5 (21)5.5 (21)5.5 (21)5.5 (21)5.5 (21)6 (23)
Fan Motor, hp (kW)
Fan & Motor RPM
Fan Tip Speed, fpm (m /s)
EVAPORATOR, DIRECT EXPANSION SHELL AND TUBE
Water Volume, gallons (liters)
Victaulic inlet/outlet conn. in. (mm )
Max. Water Pressure, psi (kPa)
Max. Refrigerant Press., psi (kPa)
120 (55)
108
325 (2241)325 (2241)
10 (273)
152 (1048)
10 (273)
152 (1048)
220 (831)
220 (831)
6984 (35)
1.4 (1.05)
850
1.4 (1.05)
850
6984 (35)
881010
8
1572 (713)
776 (352)
1684 (764)
776 (352)
8
120 (55)
27232 (12352)
3870 (1755)
28109 (12750)
4168 (1891)
28631 (12987)
29508 (13385)
478 (1681)
511 (1798)
Data
AWS470ATSAWS500ATS
Note: A 20 mesh strainer shall be placed in the supply water line just prior to the inlet of the evaporator.
Care shall be exercised when welding pipe or flanges to the evaporator to prevent any slag from entering the vessel.
Table 15: Physical Data (60 Hz, Standard Efficiency, non-VFD models)
Unit Dimensions
L x W x H , i n. (m m)
Weight-Add for Sound Enclosures, lbs (k
Number of Fans per Circuit
Fan Diameter: 31.5 in. (800 mm)
Airflow, cfm (l/s)
Shell Dia.-Tube Length, in.(mm)
509 x 88 x 100
(12921 x 2225 x 2548)
288210 (136019)310380 (146482)
26 x 130 / (660 x 3300)
544 x 88 x 100
(13823 x 2225 x 2548)
26 x 130 / (660 x 3300)
20IM 997-4
Table 16: Physical Data (60 Hz, Standard Efficiency, non-VFD models)
CIRCUIT 1CIRCUIT 2CIRCUIT 3
BASIC DATA
Unit Cap. @ AHRI tons (kW)
Unit Operating Charge lbs (kg)270 (122)270 (122)280 (127)
Unit Dimensions
L x W x H, in. (mm)
Unit Operating Weight, lbs. (kg)
Unit Shipping Weight, lbs (kg)
Weight-Add for Copper Fins, lbs (kg)
g
Weight-Add for PFCC option, lbs (kg)
COMPRESSORS, SCREW, SEMI-HERMETIC
Nominal Capacity, tons (kW)175 (615)175 (615)175 (615)
Minimum Capacity (% of Full Load)
Oil charge per circuit , gallons (liters)6 (23)6 (23)6 (23)
CONDENSERS, HIGH EFFICIENCY FIN AND TUBE TYPE
Pumpdown Capacity, lbs (kg)416 (189)416 (189)416 (189)
Coil Inlet Face Area, sq. ft. (sq. m.)246.1 (22.8) 246.1 (22.8) 246.1 (22.8)
Rows Deep/Fins Per Inch 3 / 16 3 / 16 3 / 16
CONDENSER FANS, DIRECT DRIVE PROPELLER TYPE
Fan Motor, hp (kW)
Fan & Motor RPM
Fan Tip Speed, fpm (m/s)
Airflow, cfm (l/s)
EVAPORATOR, DIRECT EXPANSION SHELL AND TUBE
Shell Dia.-Tube Length, in.(mm)
Water Volum e, gallons (liters )
Victaulic inlet/outlet conn. in. (m m )
Max. Water Press ure, psi (kPa)
Max. Refrigerant Press., psi (kPa)
120 (55)
325 (2241)
10 (273)
152 (1048)
26 x 130 / (660 x 3300)
220 (831)
6984 (35)
332550 (156945)
1.4 (1.05)
850
101010
8
1796 (815)
776 (352)
28949 (13131)
4466 (2026)
(14722 x 2225 x 2548)
30348 (13766)
541 (1902)
580 x 88 x 100
Data
AWS530ATS
Note: A 20 mesh strainer shall be placed in the supply water line just prior to the inlet of the evaporator.
Care shall be exercised when welding pipe or flanges to the evaporator to prevent any slag from entering the vessel.
Weight-Add for Louvered Panels, lbs (kg)
Weight-Add for Sound Enclosures, lbs (k
Physical Data (non-VFD)
Number of Fans per Circuit
Fan Diameter: 31.5 in. (800 mm)
Unit Cap. @ AHRI tons (kW)
Unit Operating Charge lbs (kg)
250 (113)250 (113)260 (118)260 (118)260 (118)300 (136)
Unit Dimensions
L x W x H, in. (mm)
Unit Operating Weight, lbs. (kg)
Unit Shipping Weight, lbs (kg)
Weight-Add for Copper Fins, lbs (kg)
Weight-Add for Louvered Panels, lbs (kg)
g
Weight-Add for PFCC option, lbs (kg)
Nominal Capacity, tons (kW)
125 (439)150 (528)150 (528)150 (528)150 (528)175 (615)
Minimum Capacity (% of Full Load)
Oil charge per circuit , gallons (liters)
5.5 (21)5.5 (21)5.5 (21)5.5 (21)5.5 (21)6 (23)
Pumpdow n Capacity, lbs (kg)
416 (189)416 (189)416 (189)416 (189)416 (189)500 (227)
Coil Inlet Face Area, sq. ft. (sq. m.)