Lowrance X-16 User Manual

________________

— .

'••

NOTICE

Periodically

ducer Face

remove

to

collect. Oil and

will reduce

prevent

GOT A PROBLEM?

HELP!

If

you

sonar

unit, please give

chance

for

repair.

Assistance

tended
Write or

Service
Electronics, Inc.,

vice

Department

(Toll-free

wash the

with

soap

oil film that

any

dirt on the

sensitivity

sounding.

have a

to

by telephone

call one of our

Centers or the

problem

before

help

often be ex-

can

Customer
in

Tulsa,

1-800-331-3889).

Trans-

water

and

may

face

or

may

LET US

with

us a

sending

letter.

or

Authorized

Lowrance

Ser-

OK.

even

your

it in

Please detail

are

experiencing.

partment may
the inconvenience

unit.

your

If it is determined

must be

structions will be
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

PARTS LIST

Diagram
Lowrance TRUELINE

ER,
Lowrance

East
homa 74128.

returned,

Should

send

Skelly

the

problem you

Our Service De-

be able

desire

you

and Parts

$1.00

Electronics, Inc.,

Drive,

Be sure and

to save

of

returning

that

full

shipping

provided.

a Schematic

list for

RECORD-

PARTS

to

Tulsa,

the Model Number and

Number of

INSTRUMENT

your

SONAR

your

AND

ypur

LIST,

12000

Okla-

give

Serial

you

unit

in-

us

INSTALLATION

OWNER'S

ANID OPERATION MANUAL

X-16

MANUAL

'I

INC.

74128

Litho in

U.S.A.

988-0096-09

LOWRANCE

•

.12000 E. SKELLY

ELECTRONICS,

DR., TULSA,

OKLA.

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ACCESSORIES

LDT-3000
DIGITAL
TEMP

Allows instant visual
surface water

32.0 Ia 99.9

heavy

DUST COVER

Extra

SURFACE

wading

temperatures

degrees F Includes

28 foot sensor cable.

protection lrom the elements.

LSB-200A SWITCH

Allows use ci two

one sonar unit.

activates transducer

LSB-201A SWITCH BOX

Allows use ci Iwo soners with

transducer.

sonar

LXT-11OA TRANSDUCER
EXTENSION CABLE

Ten-fool extension cable far use where a
transducer must

oh the

reach
Sonar unit does not nead

one extension

only

of

LKB-2000 TRANSDUCER KICK-UP
BRACKET

Allows THS 1192-20 io be mounted below the
hull on

LTB-1
MOUNTING BRACKET

Transom
spet specifically

with V-bottomed
Lowrance
transducer.

LFF-1 02

Two

highly vjaibie floats with 100-fool

cord, wraparound

LTP-100 FISH-N-TEMP

Portable

far accurate

—

end

depths

LPG-605 CHART PAPER

Straight
Computer

LTC-60 TRANSDUCER
CONNECTOR KIT

Replacas
with new

damaged transducer cable.

up

LPB-192

Increases the
extend the

rejection,
diaptey

LDT-4000

New sensor

or raw water intake

temperature readings
degrees

different transducers with

Weetharpreof switch

#1

Weetherprool

#1 or #2.

be located

standard transducer cable.

is used.

aluminum beets to avoid hull turbulence.

000 TRANSOM

brscket end

mounting

designed
boats. Uses

bolt-thru-huil

plastic

FISH-N-FLOAT

lead

sinkers.

temperature

line chart

plastic style.

and

small detail.

F

and

from

readings

to 00 teal.

paper,

Sonar

old

depth range,

probe

recorders.

graph

transducer connecter

slyle

Or to

POWER BOOSTER

outpul power

better noise

increases the

DIGITAL SURFACE TEMP

allows

mounting

trorn 32.0 099.9

of

horn

BOX

or

#2.

one

only

switch activates

the

beyond

when

returning

for use

any

nylon

indicator

depth

30-90

degrees

50 toot

transom, thru-hut,

br all

roll,

a

repair

of the X-150 to

to

ability

Water

F

Specifications 1

Introduction

How it Works

Installation
Power Connections
Transducer Selection

Basic

Operation

Sensitivity

Clear

Discrimination
Paper

GRAYLINE
Range

Lower Limit
Upper

Lines
Marker

Scale
Memory/Reset

Feet, Fathoms,
End Of

Zero
How To Read

Paper Loading

Control

Entry

Speed

Limit

Meters

Paper

Adjust

Graphs

2
2

3
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9

-10
10

10

11

1-1

ii

12
13

Stylus Replacement 16
Stylus

Maintenance

Belt

Replacement 17

17

Troubleshooting 18
ADVANCED OPERATION

Surface

Clarity

Control

(SCC) 18

Suppressor

18

19

SURFACE
plankton,

and schools of bait fish

2

surface of the water
large

These echoes can extend
down the

fish or

Lowrance

called

"5CC"

CLUTTER

air

bubbles,

Algae,

boat

can create

surface echoes

paper

other

target

has a

"Surface

that combats surface

on the

and

interfere with

echoes.

special

Clarity

Control" or

wakes,

near the

paper.

far

feature

clutter
effectively.
THERMOCLINE
ferent

temperature

the warm and

layers meet,
water is formed that

signals.

This is

Junction of dif-

layers.

cool

temperature

a

discontinuity

reflects sonar

called a thermo-

When

in the

dine.

TRANSDUCER The "antenna"

a sonar unit.

crystal
energy

sound

the water. It then

sound in its

into electrical

receiver. Transducers

of

ety

styles

which bolt thru a hole

"Shoot-Thru-Hull"

hull,
directly

fiberglass

required,
bolts

directly

either

hull,
bottom of

TRANSPORT
mechanism that

the

chart

roll,

past

on

the

tains the

train.

gear

This contains a small.

that

converts the electrical

from

the transducer into

and

energy

sends it into

converts

frequency range

pulses

for the

have a van-

including

"Thru-Hull"

drilled in the

—

to

the inside of a

hull with no holes

and "Transom

to the transom of

below or flush with the

the boat.

ASSEMBLY The

holds and

from the full

paper

the

takeup

paper

stylus,

and rolls it

side. It

drive

-

also con-

motor and

any

back

epoxied

solid

Mount"

the

pulls

paper

29

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the sonar can

that are 11/2 inches

gets

is considered

This

However,

was 500
sonar could
that are at least 12 inches

That is

pick

the

pulse lengths

why

a sonar unit that

capability

separate

if a sonar'

micro-seconds,

only separate targets

it is so

to

change

for

The X-16 allows

down to 30 micro-seconds or one
inch!

SECOND ECHO A second echo

can

appear

roughly
actual

caused
travelling

off of

surface,

hitting

finally
transducer.

nal can do this

can see if

and turn

times

can be
SENSITIVITY

sonar unit

unit can
in the water
then it is said

sensitivity.
adjusts

different
gain.
SCALE

or near the chart

on

on the

twice the

bottom

signal.

the transmitted

by

thru the

the

bottom,

reflecting

the bottofti once

striking

three, four,

the surface and the

Actually,

many

are in shallow water

you

the

up

displayed.

sensitivity.

The

to

display targets.

or

small

very

display

to have

A

sensitivity

level of the receiver for

the

conditions. Also called

Depth markings printed

can be shown in

meters.

Range.

SIGNAL-TO-NOISE
noise level divided

level in a circuit is

Often confused with

two tar-

apart.
resolution.

good

pulse length

then the

apart.

important

gives you

to

to narrow

resolution.

good

pulse lengths

display

depth

water, reflecting
returning

off the

at

of the

This is

signal

to the

surface,

again,

the sonar

times as

Some-

and

sig-
you

or more echoes

of a

ability

targets deep

small

high

paper

feet, fathoms,

RATIO The

by

expressed

detail,

control

the

signal

If a

These

or

by

the term

a

sonar,

is desirable because

suppression
easier for the unit to

the true

targets,

signals

STYLUS This is the fine wire that
does the actual

graph
voltage

which causes it to burn

signals returning

rather than a mixture of

and noise.

recorder's

is

the white outer

paper, exposing
underneath. Use care when han-

a

dling

stylus.

the unit is

STYLUS SKIP This is a

that occurs when the

doesn't contact the

of the chart

in the record where

gaps

stylus "skip'

the

problem

removing
into the

sometimes

out

replaced.

SUPPRESSOR
exclusive,

eliminate
display.

that noise

short

the transmitters

tracking
short noise

out.
STYLUS BELT A belt that travels

over two motor driven

typically
the

opposite
transmitter.

28

proper

stylus

It works on the

in duration.

stylus

to noise ratio. In

signal

high signal

is

to noise ratio

less noise

required

display only

and it is

from the

to the

on a

stylus

through

of the

marking

paper. A high

applied

coating

the black carbon

condition

stylus

the

Usually,

the

by

it when

by

stylus

a worn-

be

Never touch

operating.

entire surface

paper.

It then leaves

over

spots.

can be rectified

and

bending

shape, although

it is caused

which must then

A Lowrance

patented

noise from a sonar unit's

pulses

it with the

pulses

probess

are
By increasing

pulse length,

receiver,

are cancelled

has a holder that retains

and a

side that

magnet

triggers

to

principal

typically

the

pulleys.

on the

thd

and

It

Pulse

Alternate Transmit and Print

Save

Paper
Print

Intensity

Loran Interface
Power Booster

Summary
Glossary

Accessories

of Commands

SPECIFICATIONS
Dimensions
Dimensions

Weight

Chart

Transmitter

Frequency
Pulse Width

Output

Receiver
Chart

Voltage Range

Current Drain
Fuse

(with gimbal mount)
(instrument only)

Paper

(Adjustable)

Power

Sensitivity

Speed

23
24

24
25
26

26
26

29

1 0¼"W x 8¼"H x 65/s"D

2000

p-p

x

p.s

65/ct

12¼"W x 9"H

8.5

pounds

LPG-606

4" x 50' roll

(2)

192 kHz

-

30

s

1600 watts

200 watts RMS

—85 db

.10 -3.0 in/mm
10 - 15 vdc

amps, approximately

4

amp

1

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INTRODUCTION

The Lowrance X-16 is a

sophisticated recording depth

highly

sounder Thanks to a micro-com-

the X-16 can do more than

puter,

other sonar unit in its

any

range plus many
more.

Using

board,

at

changing

tom
boat
unit's

level, upper
range, paper speed, GRAYLINE,

and

patented
pression system

full control of the

your fingertips

demands of

conditions,

speed.

sensitivity,

more

many

Lowrance variable

that cost much

the

waterproof key-

to meet the

water

You can select the

discrimination

and lower

features. The

combined with

price

system

varying

depth,

depth

bot-

and

sup-

the new Discrimination feature not

filters out false

only

out

distorting

syncronized

function to

under all

HOW IT WORKS

When the

electronically regulated

drives a
the

right edge

paper

with the GRAYLINE

provide

conditions.

unit is turned

lightweight

The

stylus

this belt. When the

of the

top

made. This is called the zero
mark,

of

the water. The

FIGURE 1

paper

and

represents

GRAPH

PAPER

signals

the real

clear

belt located at

of the

is

attached to

stylus

a small

stylus

recording

with-

ones,

signals

on,

motor

is at the

mark is

the

surface

continues

but is

an

to move

paper

traveling
when an echo

stylus

paper.
which reflected the

read in

is

comparing

paper
on the

by
one revolution of the

very
the flexible

down the

while

through

makes

The

feet, fathoms,

to the

paper.

The

paper speed

a variable

narrow mark

edge

the sound

is

another mark on the

depth

pulse

the

water,

detected,

of the

object

echo can be

or meters

its location

depth

on the

scale

is controlled

speed

motor

stylus

will be made

stylus,

but the
will move a small amount before
the next revolution. Each mark will

blend into the one before so that a
composite picture"

will be

time.

INSTALLATION
Mounting

installed
provided

the best

made,

The

depth

viewing angle.

—

in

any

the unit can be tilted for

of the

one

tiny

sounder

convenient

mark at a

may

Holes

the bracket base allow wood

screw or bolt
stiffener

back of thin

support

Make certain there is

room on the back side of the unit

to attach the

mounting.

be

may

required

fiberglass panels

the unit.

power

PULLEY

DRIVE

-STYLUS
DRIVE

BELT

•

STYLUS

PULLEY

A wood

enough

and trans-

2

of the

and

the

printed

During

belt,

paper

target

be

area,

on the

is

by

a

by

in

to

on the X-16.

transmitted

stronger signals
into the water. This will

the

depth range

the

signal

ability
enhanced. For installation

instructions on the LPB-1

Because the

is

power

greater,

are transmitted

increase

of the unit and

to noise

to see small detail is

ratio, plus

92,

the

read

the owner's manual included with
the

To turn the

press

To turn

press

FREQUENCY

The Model LXC-16

converter allows the

either a 50 kHz or 192 kHz

operating frequency
discretion of the

switched from 192 to 50 kHz at

any

For

the

owner's manual included with

booster.

power

power

12- 2nd -5.

the

power

-

2nd

8.

time

by using

installation

booster
booster

CONVERTER

frequency

X-16 to use

at the

operator.

the

instructions,

It can

keyboard.

on,

off,

see

the LXC-16.

To turn

on, press

To turn

off, press

GLOSSARY OF

CAVITATION Air bubbles

against

typically

transducer installation. Aluminum

boats in

with cavitation. The

most
high speed.

ated

other
the face of the

proper operation

it must have solid

water at all times.
MICRO-SECOND

the

frequency

-

2nd

5.

the

frequency

2nd - 8.

TERMS

the transducer.

caused
particular

evident when

an

by

have

problem

travelling

Air bubbles are cre-

rivets, strakes, ribs,

by

objects

which then

transducer. For the

of the

contact with the

Unit of mea-

converter
converter

trapped

This is

improper

problems

is

at

or

over

pass

transducer,

sure. One micro-second is

to 0.001

measure the amount of time

unit is

W5.

NOISE
Noise can

recorder as small
randomly

paper.

cal sources such as

spark plugs, improper
mechanical

passing
transducer,

or

OUTPUT POWER The amount

of

transducer

Expressed
higher

be

unit

and
POWER

which

jack

increases its

PULSE LENGTH

second. Used in sonar to

transmitting.

Any

show

scattered across the

It can be

sources,

over the

vibration of the

a loose transducer

electrical

has,

smaller detail can be shown.

of the sonar

energy applied

by

in

the

output power

the

BOOSTER A device

connects to the transducer

Abbreviation:

undesired

on a

up

dots or lines

caused

alternators,

wiring,

air

face of the

mounting.

the transmitter.

wafts,

typically

deeper

it can

unit and

output power.

The

time that the sonar unit

a

This

and is
seconds. Also called Pulse Width.

RANGE Maximum
sonar

example,

feet on a

maximum
played

drops
feet.

RESOLUTION
sonar unit to
This

pulse length
pulse length

micro-seconds for

27

of sound

pulse

period

usually

unit is set to

before

off the chart

ability

into the water

of time is

referred to in micro-

a

range setting

graph

depth

very

depth

display.

means that the

that can be dis-

the bottom echo

paper

The

ability

separate targets.

is

determined

of the unit. If
is

very short,

example,

equal

the

signal.

graph

electri-

by

or

bubbles

engine,

to the

the

a sonar

read,

of

length
transmits

short

that a

For

of 0-60

is 60

of a

the

by

the

50

then

by

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COMMAND
CLEAR ENTRY
ALTERNATE TRANSM IT

DISCRIMINATION
PAPER SAVE
PAPER SPEED
POWER BOOSTER

PRINT INTENSITY
SUPPRESSOR
SURFACE CLARITY

FEET

FATHOMS

METERS

be used to
condition.

LORAN-C

A remarkable

X-16 is its

coordinates in either
ces

(ID's)

tude.

(NOTE:

designed

Loran-C

Loran to the

white and black
power

wire on the

(See Figure
proper

receiver.)

cable to the

connections have

alleviate

help

INTERFACE

advantage

to

ability

or

to

use

print

Latitude and

The

X-16 has been

only

To connect the

X-16,

simply splice

wire on the X-16's

white and black

Loran-Cs

2 on

page 3.)

SUMMARY

FUNCTION
CLEAR
ON/OFF

0-4

0-7
0-7

ON/OFF

0-2
0-7

(SCC)

this

Loran-C

Time Differen-

Longi-

the Lowrance

power

After the

been

0-7

ON
ON
ON

of the

the

cable.

OF COMMANDS

PRESS

CLEAR ENTRY

UPPER

LIMIT

2nd
OFF

2nd
2nd
2nd

turn on both the Loran and

made,

the X-16. After the Loran has
acquired

the

signals, press

The Loran coordinates will imme-

diately

the

Longitude
(TD's)
depending

is in. If 2nd

Loran is

be

printed vertically

Either Latitude and

paper.

or Time Differences

will be

on the mode the Loran

-

0 is

connected,

printed

stop pulling paper

approximately

POWER BOOSTER

A

power

LPB-192,
increase the transmitter's

of the X-16. It can be

power
turned on or off

four seconds.

booster,

is available that will

KEY:

& LOWER

-

DISC

-

-

2nd

-

-

-

-

by

6

PAPER SPEED

-

ON/2nd

5,

-

2nd

LINES

-

2nd

9

SCC

-

1

-

2

-

3

2nd

down

on the

pressed

paper

and no

the unit will

and

printing

Model

output

the

keyboard

-

7,

-

for

0.

cables. There should also

ducer

be

enough

panel

room to allow the front

door to

open.

If the desired location is closer

than 18" to a

run should be made with the

trial
unit in

the

compass readings

affected.
POWER CONNECTIONS

Twelve volt DC

sounder should be

depth

the boat's 12 volt electrical

by

system.
attached to an

but if

buss,

with electrical
cable should be attached
to the

If a

longer

ordinary

at

any

store.

ply

soldered, however,

then use

done,

all

Tape
tape.

There are two

that can be introduced into the
sonar

system

installation is

noise

picked up by

or

power

picked up by

Acoustic noise is caused

water

turbulence,

magnetic compass,

operation

The

battery.

#18

hardware or electrical

to be sure that

power

accessory

have

you

interference,

cable is

lamp

Splices

are not

for the

power

supplied

cable

may

or

problems

directly

required,

cord available

should be

if this isn't

crimp-type

with

splices

cable,

the transducer.

electrical

types

if an

improper

made,

electrical

the transducer

and acoustic

air bubbles

of noise

power

the

splices.

by

be

use

sup-

noise

passing
cavitation where a

over the

is formed

noise is minimized

a

carefully
instructions

by

the transducer installation

transducer,

partial

the flow of water. This

by following

concerning

the transducer.

Electrical noise is caused

the boat

by

tem.
and

Keep

power

engine's ignition sys-

the transducer cable

cable

away

ble sources of electrical inter-

ference.

cable

possible,
harness.

induced

Again,

directly

Cavitation and

noise can be

connect the

to the

battery

not the boat's

electrically

a careless installation has been

the

made,
and Discrimination is effective in

combatting

or after

water-to-transducer
made

is washed

warm
the water is essential
cavitation

bles on the transducer face.

but

Suppressor

Before initial

both.

prolonged storage,

contact will

if the face of the transducer

with

mild

water. Positive contact with

noise caused

detergent

to reduce

An in-line fuse holder with a 4

fuse is

amp
X-1 6. Be certain to install this as

close to the
as the boat
as

possible.

supplied
power

battery

This will

with the

source

or

protect

the sonar unit and the

and

vacuum

location of

mainly

from

possi-
power

if

wiring

generated

circuit

use

better

be

and

bub-

by

(such

power buss)

both

power

if

I—

.i.::

p6.0

B.0—

Figure

—— —

4

46

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I1iI

24.0 ——I

26.0

48.0—

60.Ofl—

26

FIGURE

OFE

(Negative)

2

3