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User Manual
V1.0.1-0601
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................. 1
1.1 Features......................................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Specifications................................................................................................................ 2
1.3 Package Contents.......................................................................................................... 3
2 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE .....................................................4
3 CONFIGURATION UTILITY .........................................................8
3.1 Site Survey.................................................................................................................. 11
3.2 Profile.......................................................................................................................... 12
3.2.1 Configure the Profile .....................................................................................13
3.2.1.1 Configuration ........................................................................................................ 13
3.2.1.2 Authentication and Security .................................................................................. 15
3.2.1.3 802.1x Setting-Certification .................................................................................. 19
3.2.1.4 802.1x Setting-CA Server ..................................................................................... 20
3.3 Link Status .................................................................................................................. 21
3.4 Statistics ...................................................................................................................... 22
3.5 Advance ...................................................................................................................... 23
3.6 About........................................................................................................................... 25
3.7 Turbo Mode................................................................................................................. 26
3.8 WMM Function .......................................................................................................... 26
4 TROUBLESHOOTING .................................................................. 29
1 Introduction
Thank you for purchasing the LevelOne MIMO Wireless LAN PC Card. With the MIMO technology, this
card enables you to connect to wireless networks at farther distances than before. The card has two
internal antennas for signal reception and one internal antenna for high power signal transmission. Not
only the connection distance is enhanced, but also the “dead spots” in the network will be reduced. In
addition, the card remains backward compatible to 802.11b and 802.11g. When the card is connecting
to the standard 11g or 11b APs or Routers, it can perform much better than standard clients.
This card supports higher data throughput than the IEEE 802.11g standard. It supports specific ways to
increase the data transfer rate at a time; compress the data and decrease the waiting time to send the
next data to the Routers or APs. This feature is called Turbo Mode. When the card is connecting to the
Routers or APs with the proprietary feature, the wireless network will be more effective.
For WLAN security issues, this card supports 64/128-bit WEP data encryption that protects your
wireless network from eavesdropping. It also supports WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) feature that
combines IEEE 802.1x and PSK (Pre-Shared Key), TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol)
technologies. Client users are required to authorize before accessing to APs or AP Routers, and the
data transmitted in the network is encrypted/decrypted by a dynamically changed secret key.
Furthermore, this card supports WPA2 function, WPA2 provides a stronger encryption mechanism
through AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), which is a requirement for some corporate and
government users.
When you use the devices such as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phones, televisions, VCRs and
MP3 players, how can you speed up the audio, video and voice data to pass through the wireless
network? IEEE 802.11e Quality of Service (QoS) (The Wi-Fi Alliance defined WMM as a profile of the
IEEE 802.11e) extensions for 802.11 networks will help to define the priorities of the data traffics by the
data categories to provide enhanced multimedia support. This card supports the advanced technology
for sure.
This card is cost-effective, together with the versatile features; it is the best solution for you to build your
wireless network.
1
1.1 Features
• Works with both IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g products.
• High-speed transfer data rate.
• Farther coverage, less dead spaces and higher throughput with MIMO (Multiple Input
Multiple Output) technology.
• Supports Turbo Mode to enhance the data transfer speed within the specific wireless
network.
• Supports WMM (IEEE 802.11e QoS standard) function to meet the multi-media data
bandwidth requirement.
• Supports 64/128-bit WEP, WPA (PSK, TKIP with IEEE 802.1x), WPA2 (PSK, AES with
IEEE 802.1x) functions for high level of security.
*WPA2 supports Windows 2000/XP only
• Automatic fallback increases data security and reliability.
• Supports the most popular operating system: Windows 98SE/ME/2000/XP.
• Supports 32-bit Cardbus interface.
1.2 Specifications
• Standard: IEEE 802.11b/g
• Interface: 32-bit Cardbus
• Frequency Band: 2.4000 ~ 2.4835GHz (Industrial Scientific Medical Band)
• Modulation: OFDM with BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM (11g)
BPSK, QPSK, CCK (11b)
• Data Rate: 54/48/36/24/18/12/11/9/6/5.5/2/1Mbps auto fallback
• Security: 64/128-bit WEP Data Encryption, WPA (PSK, TKIP with IEEE 802.1x), WPA2
(PSK, AES with IEEE 802.1x)
Note: WPA2 is only enabled in Windows 2000/XP.
• Internal Antenna: Two Receiving Antennas and One Transmitting Antenna
• Drivers: Windows 98SE/ME/2000/XP
• LEDs: Link, Activity
• Transmit Power: 18dBm ± 2dBm
• Dimension: 8(H) x 118(W) x 54(D) mm
• Temperature: 32~131°F (0 ~ 55°C)
• Humidity: Max. 95% (NonCondensing)
• Certification: FCC, CE
2
1.3 Package Contents
Before you begin the installation, please check the items of your package. The package should include
the following items:
• MIMO Wireless PCMCIA Adapter
• CD (Driver/Utility/User Manual.)
• Quick Guide
If any of the above items is missing, contact your supplier as soon as possible.
3
2 Installation Procedure
Before you proceed with the installation, please notice following descriptions.
Note1: Please do not install the card into your laptop computer before installing the software
program from the CD.
Note2: The following installation was operated under Windows XP. (Procedures are similar for
Windows 98SE/ME/2000.)
Note3: If you have installed the Wireless LAN PC Card driver & utility before, please uninstall
the old version first.
A. Insert the Installation CD to your CD-ROM Drive. Click “WPC-0500”
Click “Driver & Utility” proceed installation
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B. Click “Yes” to process the installation if you accept the license agreement.
C. In Windows XP, there is a “Windows Zero Configuration Tool” for you to setup wireless cards.
You can choose to configure the card through the “Zero Configuration Tool” or the “LevelOne
Configuration Tool” for the card. It is recommended to choose the “LevelOne Configure Tool” for the
card. Click “Next” to continue.
* This option only available under Windows XP
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D. If you need the card to operate with better performance, please choose the “Optimize for
performance” to enable the Tx Burst mode. Or you can choose “Optimize for Wi-Fi mode” to let the
card run in standard wireless network.
E. The system starts to install the software of the card. Follow the instruction of the program to plug in
the PC card into the Cardbus slot of your laptop computer.
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F. Please click “Finish” to complete the installation.
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3 Configuration Utility
LevelOne Configuration Utility is a powerful application that helps you configure the PC card and
monitor the link status and the statistics during the communication process.
When the card is installed, LevelOne configuration utility will be displayed automatically. This card will
auto connect to wireless device which has better signal strength and no wireless security setting.
LevelOne Configuration Utility appears as an icon on the system tray of Windows while the card is
running. You can open the utility by double-click on the icon.
Right click the icon, there are some items for you to operate the configuration utility.
Lauch LevelOne Config Utilities
Select “Lauch LevelOne Config Utilities” to open the Configuration Utility tool.
Use Zero Configuration as Configuration Utility
Select “Use Zero Configuration as Configuration Utility” to use Windows XP built-in wireless
configuration utility (Windows Zero Configuration) to configure the card.
Exit
Select “Exit” to close the Configuration Utility tool.
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In Windows XP, there is a “Windows Zero Configuration Tool” for you to setup wireless clients. If you
want to switch the configuration utilities, please follow one of the ways as below.
First Way
Right click the icon in the system tray and select “Use LevelOne Config as Configuration Utility”.
Second Way
A. Right-click the icon and select “View Available Wireless Networks”.
B. Click “Advanced”.
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C. Uncheck “Use Windows to configure my wireless network settings” to enable the utility for the card.
Note: If “Wireless Zero Configuration” is enabled, you can only configure the advance setting or check
the link status and statistics from the configuration utility of the card.
Highlight the profile in the preferred network list and click on “Properties”. And in the “Authentication”
frame, click on “Properties” button and make sure the Certification Authority (or called it “CA” for short)
which you request the certification from, is checked.
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3.1 Site Survey
When you open the LevelOne Configuration Utility, the system will scan all the channels to find all the
access points/stations within the accessible range of your card and automatically connect to the
wireless device with the highest signal strength. From the “Site Survey”, all the networks nearby will be
listed. You can change the connection to another networks or add one of the networks to your own
profile list.
Parameter Description
Available Networks This list shows all available wireless networks within range of your
card. It also displays the information of the networks including the
SSID, BSSID, Signal Strength, Channel, Encryption,
Authentication and Network Type. If you want to connect to any
networks on the list, double-click the item on the list, and the card
will automatically connect to the selected network.
Rescan Button Click “Rescan” button to collect the new information of all the
Connect Button
Add to Profile Button
wireless networks nearby.
Click “Connect” to connect to the selected network.
Add the selected network to Profiles list.
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3.2 Profile
The “Profiles List” is for you to manage the networks you connect to frequently. You are able to
Add/Delete/Edit/Activate a profile.
Parameter Description
Profiles List The profiles list display all the profiles and the relative settings of
the profiles including Profile Name, SSID, Channel, etc.
This sign indicates the activated profile is been connecting.
This sign indicates the activated profile is not been
connecting.
Add/Delete/Edit Button
Activate Button Click “Activate” to connect to the selected profile. When a profile is
Click these buttons to add/delete/edit the selected profiles.
activated, the card will be initially connected to the profile.
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3.2.1 Configure the Profile
3.2.1.1 Configuration
Parameter Description
Profile Name Define a recognizable profile name for you to identify the different
networks.
SSID The SSID (up to 32 printable ASCII characters) is the unique
Parameter Description
PSM (Power Saving Mode) The power saving function is only available when the network type
Network Type Infrastructure – This operation mode requires the presence of an
name identified in a WLAN. The ID prevents the unintentional
merging of two co-located WLANs.
You may specify a SSID for the card and then only the device with
the same SSID can interconnect to the card. If you want to add the
network nearby to the profile list, pull down the menu, all the
networks will be listed for you to add one of them to the profile list.
is in Infrastructure.
CAM (Constantly Awake Mode) – The card will always set in
active mode.
PSM (Power Saving Mode) – Enable the card in the power
saving mode when it is idle.
802.11 Access Point. All communication is done via the Access
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Point or Router.
Ad-Hoc – Select this mode if you want to connect to another
wireless stations in the Wireless LAN network without through an
Access Point or Router.
TX Power If you want to lower the transmit power of the card for saving the
Ad Hoc Wireless Mode When the card is set in Ad Hoc (Peer to Peer Mode), you can
Infrastructure Mode It will scan all available channels continuously until it finds one or
Preamble The preamble defines the length of the CRC block for
power of the system, you can select the lower percentages from
the list. The lower power will cause the lower signal strength and
the coverage range.
designate the wireless connection mode for the Ad Hoc network.
802.11 B only – This card can be compatible with both 802.11g
and 802.11b wireless stations. If there are only 802.11b wireless
stations in the network, you can set the card to this mode.
802.11 B/G mix – If you have a mix of 802.11b and 802.11g
wireless stations in your network, it is recommended to setting the
card to this mode. This mode is also the default setting.
802.11 G only – This card can be compatible with both 802.11g
and 802.11b wireless stations. If there are only 802.11g wireless
stations in the network, you can set the card to this mode.
*Ad Hoc mode supports only WEP and WPA-NONE encryption
more Access Points that match its SSID
communication among wireless devices. This option is only active
in the Ad Hoc network.
There are two modes including Auto and Long Preamble. If
“Auto“ mode is selected, the card will auto switch the preamble
mode depending on the wireless devices the card is connecting
to.
Parameter Description
RTS Threshold Minimum packet size required for an RTS (Request To Send). For
packets smaller than this threshold, an RTS is not sent and the
packet is transmitted directly to the wireless network. Select a
setting within a range of 0 to 2347 bytes. Minor change is
recommended.
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Fragment Threshold The value defines the maximum size of packets; any packet size
larger than the value will be fragmented. If you have decreased
this value and experience high packet error rates, you can
increase it again, but it will likely decrease overall network
performance. Select a setting within a range of 256 to 2346 bytes.
Minor change is recommended.
Channel This setting is only available for Ad Hoc mode. Select the number
of the radio channel used for the networking. The channel setting
should be the same with the network you are connecting to.
3.2.1.2 Authentication and Security
Parameter Description
Authentication Type This setting has to be consistent with the wireless networks that
the card intends to connect.
Open – No authentication is needed among the wireless network.
Shared – Only wireless devices using a shared key (WEP Key
identified) are allowed to connecting each other.
Parameter Description
Authentication Type LEAP – LEAP is a pre-EAP, Cisco-proprietary protocol, with many
of the features of EAP protocols. Cisco controls the ability of other
vendors to implement this protocol, so it should be selected for
use only when limited vendor choice for client, access-point, and
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server products is not a concern. When you have set up LEAP
authentication, you have to enter the user name and password of
your computer.
WPA – WPA provides a scheme of mutual authentication using
either IEEE 802.1x/Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
authentication or pre-shared key (PSK) technology. It provides a
high level of assurance to enterprises, small businesses and
home users that data will remain protected and that only
authorized users may access their networks. For enterprises that
have already deployed IEEE 802.1x authentication, WPA offers
the advantage of leveraging existing authentication databases
and infrastructure.
WPA-PSK – It is a special mode designed for home and small
business users who do not have access to network authentication
servers. In this mode, known as Pre-Shared Key, the user
manually enters the starting password in their access point or
gateway, as well as in each wireless stations in the network.
WPA-PSK takes over automatically from that point, keeping
unauthorized users that don't have the matching password from
joining the network, while encrypting the data traveling between
authorized devices.
WPA2 – Like WPA, WPA2 supports IEEE 802.1x/EAP
authentication or PSK technology. It also includes a new
advanced encryption mechanism using the Advanced Encryption
Standard (AES). AES is required to the corporate user or
government users. The difference between WPA and WPA2 is that
WPA2 provides data encryption via the AES. In contrast, WPA
uses Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP).
WPA2-PSK – WPA2-PSK is also for home and small business.
The difference between WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK is that
WPA2-PSK provides data encryption via the AES. In contrast,
WPA-PSK uses Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP).
*For Windows 2000/XP only
WPA-NONE – WPA-NONE is defined for Ad hoc mode and
behaves like WPA-PSK (WPA-PSK is only defined for
infrastructure mode). The user manually enters the Pre-Shared
Key (8 ~ 63 characters) in each wireless station in the network
and WPA-NONE controls unauthorized users that don't have the
matching Pre-Shared Key from joining the network and also
encrypts the data traveling between authorized devices.
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802.1x Setting When you have set the Authentication Type to Open, Shared,
WPA or WPA2, you can also enable IEEE 802.1x setting to use
the authentication server or certification server to authenticate
client users.
Parameter Description
Encryption Mode None – Disable the encryption mode.
WEP – Enable the WEP Data Encryption. When the item is
selected, you have to continue setting the WEP Encryption keys.
TKIP – TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) changes the
temporal key every 10,000 packets (a packet is a kind of message
transmitted over a network.) This insures much greater security
than the standard WEP security.
AES – AES has been developed to ensure the highest degree of
security and authenticity for digital information and it is the most
advanced solution defined by IEEE 802.11i for the security in the
wireless network.
Note: All devices in the network should use the same encryption
method to ensure the communication.
WPA Pre-Shared Key The WPA-PSK key can be from 8 to 63 characters and can be
WEP Key
(Key1 ~ Key4)
letters or numbers. This same key must be used on all of the
wireless stations in the network.
The WEP keys are used to encrypt data transmitted in the
wireless network. There are two types of key length: 64-bit and
128-bit. Select the default encryption key from Key 1 to Key 4 by
selected the radio button.
Fill the text box by following the rules below.
64-bit – Input 10-digit Hex values (in the “A-F”, “a-f” and “0-9”
range) or 5-digit ASCII characters (including “a-z” and “0-9”) as
the encryption keys. For example: “0123456aef“ or “test1”.
128-bit – Input 26-digit Hex values (in the “A-F”, “a-f” and “0-9”
range) or 13-digit ASCII characters (including “a-z” and “0-9”) as
the encryption keys. For example:
“01234567890123456789abcdef“ or “administrator”.
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The IEEE 802.1X specification describes a protocol that can be used for authenticating both clients and
servers on a network. The authentication algorithms and methods are those provided by the Extensible
Authentication Protocol (EAP), a method of authentication that has been in use for a number of years
on networks that provide Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) support as many internet service providers and
enterprises do.
When an AP acting as an authenticator detects a wireless station on the LAN, it sends an EAP-Request
for the user's identity to the device. (EAP, or the Extensible Authentication Protocol, is an authentication
protocol that runs before network layer protocols transmit data over the link.) In turn, the device
responds with its identity, and the AP relays this identity to an authentication server, which is typically
an external RADIUS server.
An example for MD5 Authentication
3
RADIUS
Server
IEEE 802.1x
Access Client
RADIUS
Client
1
Access Point
2
(1) Client requests to login the
network.
(2) Login with username,
password.
4
Windows 2000 IAS
(Internet Authentication
Service)
(3) Send username, password to
RADIUS server.
(4) Approve or deny user
login to the LAN.
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A
3.2.1.3 802.1x Setting-Certification
Parameter Description
Authentication Type The EAP authentication protocols this card has supported are
included as follows. This setting has to be consistent with the
wireless APs or Routers that the card intends to connect.
PEAP &TTLS – PEAP and TTLS are similar and easier than TLS
in that they specify a stand-alone authentication protocol be used
within an encrypted tunnel. TTLS supports any protocol within its
tunnel, including CHAP, MS-CHAP, MS-CHAPv2, PAP and
EAP-MD5. PEAP specifies that an EAP-compliant authentication
protocol must be used; this card supports EAP-MSCHAP v2,
EAP-TLS/Smart card and Generic Token Card. The client
certificate is optional required for the authentication.
TLS/Smart Card –TLS is the most secure of the EAP protocols
but not easy to use. It requires that digital certificates be
exchanged in the authentication phase. The server presents a
certificate to the client. After validating the server’s certificate, the
client presents a client certificate to the server for validation.
MD5-Challenge – MD5-Challenge is the easiest EAP Type. It
requires the wireless station to enter a set of user name and
password as the identity to RADIUS Server.
Session Resumption There are “Disabled”, “Reauthentication”, “Roaming”, “SameSsid”
and “Always” selections for you to choose whether to recovery the
session in different status.
Identity Enter the name as the identity for the server.
Password
Use Client Certificate
Enter the password as the identity for the server.
client certificate is required for TLS, and is optional for TTLS and
PEAP. This forces a client certificate to be selected from the
appropriate Windows Certificate Store and made available to the
RADIUS server for certification.
Parameter Description
Tunneled Authentication
Protocol When the authentication type is PEAP or TTLS, select a protocol
to be used to build the encrypted tunnel.
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Identity This is the protected user EAP Identity used for authentication.
The identity specified may contain up to 63 ASCII characters, is
case sensitive and takes the form of a Network Access Identifier,
consisting of <name of the user>@<user’s home realm>. The
user’s home realm is optional and indicates the routing domain.
Password The password used for authentication. It may contain up to 63
ASCII characters and is case sensitive.
3.2.1.4 802.1x Setting-CA Server
Parameter Description
Use Certificate Chain When the EAP authentication type such as TLS, TTLS or PEAP is
selected and required a certification to tell the client what server
credentials to accept from the authentication server in order to
verify the server, you have to enable this function.
Certificate Issuer Choose the server from the list to issue the certificate. If “Any
Trusted CA” is selected, any CA included in the list (provided by
the Microsoft Certificate Store) is permitted.
Parameter Description
Allow Intermediate Certificates A server designates an issuer as a trusted root authority by
placing the issuer's self-signed certificate, which contains the
issuer's public key, into the trusted root certification authority
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certificate store of the host computer. Intermediate or subordinate
certification authorities are trusted only if they have a valid
certification path from a trusted root certification authority.
Server Name Enter the authentication server name.
Server name must match exactly When selected, the server name must match exactly the server
name found on the certificate.
Domain name must end in
specified name
When selected, the server name field identifies a domain. The
certificate must use a server name belonging to this domain or to
one of its sub-domains (e.g. zeelans.com, where the server is
blueberry.zeelans.com) but it may be any name used in the
certificate name field.
3.3 Link Status
From the “Link Status” option, you can view all the information of the network you are connecting to.
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Parameter Description
Status Display the SSID and MAC ID of the network the card is
connecting to.
Extra Info Display the link status.
Channel Display the number of the radio channel and the frequency used
for the networking.
Link Speed (Mbps) Display the transmission and reception rate of the network. The
maximum transmission rate is 54Mbps.
Throughput (Kbps) Display the speed of data transmitted and received.
Link Quality This bar indicates the quality of the link. The higher the
percentage, the better the quality.
dBm If you want to know the signal strength in the unit of dBm, select
this check box.
Signal Strength This bar shows the signal strength level. The higher percentage
Signal Strength2 This card has two antennas for receiving. The “Signal Strength2”
Noise Level Display the noise level in the wireless environment.
shown in the bar, the more radio signal been received by the card.
This indicator helps to find the proper position of the wireless
device for quality network operation.
indicates the receiving signal strength for the second antenna.
3.4 Statistics
This option enables you to view the statistic information of the connection including transmit statistics
and receive statistics. You may reset the counters by clicking ”Reset Counter”.
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3.5 Advance
This option enables you to configure more advanced settings, for example: wireless mode, protection
mode and etc.
Parameter Description
Wireless Mode 802.11 B/G mix – If you have a mix of 802.11b and 802.11g
wireless stations in your network, it is recommended to setting the
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card to this mode. This mode is also the default setting.
802.11 B only – This card can be compatible with both 802.11g
and 802.11b wireless stations. If there are only 802.11b wireless
stations in the network, you can set the card to this mode.
802.11 G only – This card can be compatible with both 802.11g
and 802.11b wireless stations. If there are only 802.11g wireless
stations in the network, you can set the card to this mode.
Select Your Country Region Code The available channel differs from different countries. For
example: USA (FCC) is channel 1-11, Europe (ETSI) is channel
1-13. The operating frequency channel will be restricted to the
country user located before importing. If you are in different
country, you have to adjust the channel setting to comply the
regulation of the country.
B/G Protection If you have a mix of 802.11b and 802.11g wireless stations in the
network, it is recommended to enable the protection mechanism.
This mechanism can decrease the rate of data collision between
802.11b and 802.11g wireless stations. When the protection mode
is enabled, the throughput of the card will be a little lower due to
many of frame traffic should be transmitted.
Auto – Based on the status of the network and automatically
disable/enable protection mode.
On – Always enable the protection mode.
Off – Always disable the protection mode.
Tx Rate There are several options including
Auto/1/2/5.5/11/6/9/12/18/24/36/48/54Mbps for you to select.
When the “Auto” is selected, the device will choose the most
suitable transmission rate automatically. The higher data rate you
designated in the network, the shorter distance is allowed
between the card and the wireless stations.
When the wireless mode is “802.11 B only”, the maximum data
rate is 11Mbps (11b) so that there are only “Auto/1/2/5.5/11Mbps”
options you can select.
Tx BURST Tx Burst enables the card to deliver the better throughput in the
same period and environment.
Parameter Description
Enable TCP Window Size The TCP Window is the amount of data a sender can send on a
particular connection before it gets an acknowledgment back from
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the receiver that it has gotten some of it. When the Router or AP
the card is connecting to have set up the TCP Window, you can
enable the parameter to meet the data size for the Router or AP
connection. The larger TCP Window the better performance.
Fast Roaming at -70dBm When you want to fast roaming to the network nearby without
intercepting the wireless connection especially the card is applied
to the multimedia application or a voice call, you can enable the
parameter. The card will fast roaming to the near network when
the receive sensitivity (signal strength) is lower to the value you
have set up.
Turn Off RF Button If you want to turn off the radio of the card temporarily, click this
button. To turn on the radio, click this button again.
CCX 2.0 CCX 2.0 (Cisco Compatible Extensions) is developed by Cisco for
the radio monitoring and fast roaming.
LEAP Turn on CCKM During normal operation, LEAP-enabled client devices mutually
authenticate with a new access point by performing a complete
LEAP authentication, including communication with the main
RADIUS server.
When you configure your wireless LAN for fast re-association,
however, LEAP-enabled client devices roam from one access
point to another without involving the main server. Using Cisco
Centralized Key Management (CCKM), an access point
configured to provide Wireless Domain Services (WDS) takes the
place of the RADIUS server and authenticates the client so
quickly that there is no perceptible delay in voice or other
time-sensitive applications.
Enable Radio Measurement When this parameter is enabled, the Cisco AP can run the radio
monitoring through the associated CCX-compliant clients to
continuously monitor the WLAN radio environment and discover
any new APs that are transmitting beacons.
Non-Serving Channel
Measurements
Limit xxx milliseconds (0-2000)
The Cisco AP can perform monitoring measurements through the
CCX-compliant clients on the non-serving channels when this
parameter is enabled.
It limits the channel measurement time. The default value is 250
milliseconds.
3.6 About
By choosing this option, you can click the hyperlink to connect to the LevelOne website for more
information about LevelOne. The MAC Address of the card is displayed in the screen as well.
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3.7 Turbo Mode
This card supports specific ways to increase the data transfer rate at a time; compress the data and
decrease the waiting time to send the next data to the Routers or APs, this feature (known as Turbo
Mode) enables higher throughput than IEEE 802.11g standard (Up to 54Mbps).
When the card is connecting to AP or Router with the proprietary MIMO technology, the Turbo Mode
will be enabled automatically without any configuration. For example, LevelOne WBR-5400
3.8 WMM Function
In addition to the Turbo Mode, this card also supports WMM function. When you use the devices such
as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phones, televisions, VCRs and MP3 players, IEEE 802.11e
26
Quality of Service (QoS) (The Wi-Fi Alliance defined WMM as a profile of the IEEE 802.11e) extensions
for 802.11 networks will help to define the priorities of the data traffics by the data categories to provide
enhanced multimedia support.
When the card is connected to the AP or Router with WMM function, you can enable the function of the
card by following the steps below.
A. In the Desktop of the computer, right click “My Network Places” and select “Properties”.
B. Right Click the “Wireless Network Connection” and select “Properties”.
C. Click “Configure…”.
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D. Select “Advanced” page, enable the “WMM Capable”.
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4 Troubleshooting
This chapter provides solutions to problems usually encountered during the installation and operation
of the adapter.
1. What is the IEEE 802.11g standard?
802.11g is the new IEEE standard for high-speed wireless LAN communications that provides for
up to 54 Mbps data rate in the 2.4 GHz band. 802.11g is quickly becoming the next mainstream
wireless LAN technology for the home, office and public networks.
802.11g defines the use of the same OFDM modulation technique specified in IEEE 802.11a for
the 5 GHz frequency band and applies it in the same 2.4 GHz frequency band as IEEE 802.11b.
The 802.11g standard requires backward compatibility with 802.11b.
The standard specifically calls for:
A. A new physical layer for the 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) in the 2.4 GHz frequency
band, known as the extended rate PHY (ERP). The ERP adds OFDM as a mandatory new
coding scheme for 6, 12 and 24 Mbps (mandatory speeds), and 18, 36, 48 and 54 Mbps
(optional speeds). The ERP includes the modulation schemes found in 802.11b including
CCK for 11 and 5.5 Mbps and Barker code modulation for 2 and 1 Mbps.
B. A protection mechanism called RTS/CTS that governs how 802.11g devices and 802.11b
devices interoperate.
2. What is the IEEE 802.11b standard？
The IEEE 802.11b Wireless LAN standard subcommittee, which formulates the standard for the
industry. The objective is to enable wireless LAN hardware from different manufactures to
communicate.
3. What does IEEE 802.11 feature support？
The product supports the following IEEE 802.11 functions:
CSMA/CA plus Acknowledge Protocol
Multi-Channel Roaming
Automatic Rate Selection
RTS/CTS Feature
Fragmentation
Power Management
4. What is Ad-hoc？
An Ad-hoc integrated wireless LAN is a group of computers, each has a Wireless LAN adapter,
Connected as an independent wireless LAN. Ad hoc wireless LAN is applicable at a
departmental scale for a branch or SOHO operation.
5. What is Infrastructure？
An integrated wireless and wireless and wired LAN is called an Infrastructure configuration.
Infrastructure is applicable to enterprise scale for wireless access to central database, or
wireless application for mobile workers.
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6. What is BSS ID？
A specific Ad hoc LAN is called a Basic Service Set (BSS). Computers in a BSS must be
configured with the same BSS ID.
7. What is WEP？
WEP is Wired Equivalent Privacy, a data privacy mechanism based on a 40 bit shared key
algorithm, as described in the IEEE 802 .11 standard.
8. What is TKIP?
TKIP is a quick-fix method to quickly overcome the inherent weaknesses in WEP security,
especially the reuse of encryption keys. TKIP is involved in the IEEE 802.11i WLAN security
standard, and the specification might be officially released by early 2003.
9. What is AES?
AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), a chip-based security, has been developed to ensure the
highest degree of security and authenticity for digital information, wherever and however
communicated or stored, while making more efficient use of hardware and/or software than
previous encryption standards. It is also included in IEEE 802.11i standard. Compare with AES,
TKIP is a temporary protocol for replacing WEP security until manufacturers implement AES at
the hardware level.
10. Can Wireless products support printer sharing？
Wireless products perform the same function as LAN products. Therefore, Wireless products can
work with Netware, Windows 2000, or other LAN operating systems to support printer or file
sharing.
11. Would the information be intercepted while transmitting on air？
WLAN features two-fold protection in security. On the hardware side, as with Direct Sequence
Spread Spectrum technology, it has the inherent security feature of scrambling. On the software
side, WLAN series offer the encryption function (WEP) to enhance security and Access Control.
Users can set it up depending upon their needs.
12. What is DSSS？What is FHSS？And what are their differences？
Frequency-hopping spread-spectrum (FHSS) uses a narrowband carrier that changes frequency
in a pattern that is known to both transmitter and receiver. Properly synchronized, the net effect
is to maintain a single logical channel. To an unintended receiver, FHSS appears to be
short-duration impulse noise. Direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) generates a redundant
bit pattern for each bit to be transmitted. This bit pattern is called a chip (or chipping code). The
longer the chip is, the greater the probability that the original data can be recovered. Even if one
or more bits in the chip are damaged during transmission, statistical techniques embedded in the
radio can recover the original data without-the need for retransmission. To an unintended
receiver, DSSS appears as low power wideband noise and is rejected (ignored) by most
narrowband receivers.
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13. What is Spread Spectrum？
Spread Spectrum technology is a wideband radio frequency technique developed by the military
for use in reliable, secure, mission-critical communication systems. It is designed to trade off
bandwidth efficiency for reliability, integrity, and security. In other words, more bandwidth is
consumed than in the case of narrowband transmission, but the trade off produces a signal that
is, in effect, louder and thus easier to detect, provided that the receiver knows the parameters of
the spread-spectrum signal being broadcast. If a receiver is not tuned to the right frequency, a
spread –spectrum signal looks like background noise. There are two main alternatives, Direct
Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS).
14. What encryption mode to be used for “WPA-PSK” authentication type in Windows 98SE or
Windows ME?
WPA-PSK is to use Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) only.
15. What is WPA-NONE when enable Ad-Hoc Mode?
"WPA-None" means that there is no authentication required before a wireless client can connect
to the ad-hoc network. However, a manually typed key is required if you are using WEP, TKIP, or
AES encryption.
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