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GPS System 500
GPS Equipment User Manual
Version 2.0
English
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System GPS500
Meanings of symbols
Congratulations on your purchase of a new System
GPS500 from Leica Geosystems.
This manual contains important safety
directions
Instructions")
setting up the product and operating it.
Read carefully through the User Manual before you
switch on the instrument.
(refer to section "Safety
as well as instructions for
Product identification
The instrument model and the serial number of your
product are indicated on the typeplate.
Enter the model and serial number in your manual and
always refer to this information when you need to contact
your agency or authorized service workshop.
GPS Receiver (SR) T ype: Serial No.:
Terminal (TR) Type: Serial No.:
External Antenna (AT) T ype: Serial No.:
The symbols used in this user manual have the following
meanings:
DANGER:
Indicates an imminently hazardous situation
which, if not avoided, will result in death or
serious injury .
WARNING:
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation or an
unintended use which, if not avoided, could
result in death or serious injury .
CAUTION:
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation or an
unintended use which, if not avoided, may result
in minor or moderate injury and/or appreciable
material, financial and environmental damage.
Important paragraphs which must be adhered to
in practice as they enable the product to be used
in a technically correct and efficient manner .
2
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Page 3
View of chapters
Introduction
System description
Getting started with new equipment
Care and Transport
Safety Instructions
Technical Specifications
5
6
7
23
24
35
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3
View of chapters
Page 4
Contents
Introduction ................................................... 5
System description ....................................... 6
GPS Receiver ............................................................. 6
Post-processing software ............................................ 6
Getting started with new equipment ........... 7
SKI-Pro (SKI-Pro-L1) post-processing software............ 7
Receiver Hardware...................................................... 7
Charge the batteries ......................................................... 8
Set Up the Equipment ...................................................... 9
Measuring with the default configuration parameters ...... 10
Processing the data in the SKI-Pro software............... 21
Care and Transport ..................................... 23
Transport .................................................................. 23
Storage ..................................................................... 23
Cleaning and drying................................................... 23
Safety Instructions ...................................... 24
Intended use of equipment ........................................ 24
Permitted uses ............................................................... 24
Prohibited uses............................................................... 24
Limits to use.............................................................. 25
Responsibilities ......................................................... 25
Hazards in use .......................................................... 26
Main hazards in use ....................................................... 26
Electromagnetic acceptability ......................................... 31
FCC statement (applicable in U.S.)................................. 34
Technical Specifications............................. 35
SR520, SR530 Tracking Characteristics .................... 35
SR510 Tracking Characteristics................................. 36
GPS Antennas .......................................................... 36
Equipment weights .................................................... 37
Pow er ....................................................................... 37
Environmental Specifications ..................................... 37
Separation distances ................................................. 38
Baseline precision ..................................................... 38
Contents
4
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
Page 5
Introduction
Leica Geosystems GPS System 500
comprises of GPS receiver hardware
and PC based software for GPS
Surveying and related applications.
The Main components are:
• GPS Receiver: Receive the
satellite signals.
• GPS Terminal: Keyboard and
Display device to steer the Receiver
• Post-processing software: Used
to process GPS data.
All of the instructions you
need in order to operate your
GPS system to a basic level
are contained in this user
manual.
In the "Technical Reference Manual"
and SKI-Pro Online Help (available in
English, French and other selected
languages only), there are more
detailed descriptions of special
software/hardware settings and
software/hardware functions. These
are intended for technical specialists.
The Technical Reference Manual is
available as an electronic PDF
document only . This document can
be found on the SKI-Pro installation
CD. For more information refer to the
file \MANUALS\README.TXT on the
SKI-Pro installation CD.
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
5
Introduction
Page 6
System description
GPS Receiver
The GPS Receiver receives the GPS
signal from the NA VSTAR satellites
and calculates a range to all visible
satellites.
There are various types of Receivers
available:
SR510 - 12 L1 channels,
code and phase
SR520 - 12 L1, 12 L2 channels,
code and phase
SR530 - 12 L1, 12 L2 channels,
code and phase, RTK capable.
The A T502 Antennas are intended for
use with the SR520 and SR530
Receivers. The A T501 Antenna is
intended for use with the SR510
Receiver.
See section 8 for technical
specifications.
The SR520 and SR530
Receivers use the GPS P
code signal, which by U.S.
policy is liable to be switched off
without notice. Phase measurements
on L2 are ensured however as these
Receivers automatically switch to
patented tracking techniques
Post-processing software
The Post-processing software is
used to process the observations
taken by the Receiver in order to
compute baselines and coordinates.
SKI-Pro Static Kinematic software is
the standard post-processing
software for dual-frequency
receivers. SKI-Pro-L1 is for single
frequency receivers. The user
interface for SKI-Pro and SKI-Pro L1 software packages are identical.
System description
6
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
Page 7
Getting started with new equipment
SKI-Pro (SKI-Pro-L1) post-processing software
In most cases, the software will be
installed by the local Leica
Geosystems representative and a
short introductory course will be
given.
Should this not be the case, install
the software as follows:
1. Insert the CD-ROM into the CD
drive of your PC.
2. Select Install SKI-Pro from the
menu.
3. Follow the instructions given by the
installation shield.
The software contains a comprehensive Online Help System. This Help
System is intended to replace the
function of a printed manual. If
required you may print out the entire
help for use as a hard copy reference
manual.
As a first step in getting familiar with
the software read the booklet
Started with SKI-Pro
the SKI-Pro software package.
Getting
delivered with
Receiver Hardware
In most cases, a short introduction in
the use of the Receiverand Terminal
will be provided by the local Leica
Geosystems representative. If this is
not the case proceed as outlined in
the following sections.
Alternatively refer to the
Reference
the SKI-Pro Installation CD.
PDF-manual available on
T echnical
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
7
Getting started with new equipment
Page 8
Charge the batteries
Charge the batteries with the Leica
Geosystems battery charger provided. GEB121, GEB70 or GEB71
batteries may be used to power the
GPS equipment.
The GEB121 batteries may be
charged using GKL1 11 or GKL122
chargers.
Charger
GKL122
GEB70 or
GEB71
Adapter plate
GDI121
The battery chargers are
intended for indoor use only .
Use a battery charger in a dry room
only , never outdoors. Charge batteries only at an ambient temperature
between 10°C and 30°C ( 50°F to
86°F ). We recommend a temperature of 0°C to +20°C (32°F to 68°F)
for storing the batteries.
Use one Leica Geosystems
batteries, chargers and
accessories, or accessories recommended by Leica Geosystems.
The GEB70 and GEB71 batteries
may be charged using GKL122 (with
charging cables), GKL23 or GKL22
chargers.
1100Z07new
Refer to the appropriate manual
when using the chargers.
To attain full battery capacity
for new GEB121 batteries, it
is essential to repeate between three
and five complete charge/discharge
cycles.
Getting started with new equipment
8
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
Page 9
Set Up the Equipment
Successful GPS surveys require
undisturbed satellite signal reception.
This means that GPS Receivers
should be set up in locations which are
free of obstructions. No obstacles like
trees, buildings, mountains, etc. should
block the line between the GPS
antenna and GPS satellites. This holds
true in particular for the Receiver which
serves as the reference.
For static and rapid static surveys,
the antenna must be kept perfectly
steady throughout the whole occupation of a point. This means that the
A T501 or AT502 antenna will usually
be put on a tripod.
Center and level the tripod precisely
above the survey marker. Place and
lock the carrier in the tribrach. Mount
the antenna onto the carrier.
Connect the antenna to the sensor
using the antenna cable.
Plug two camcorder batteries into the
backside of the sensor. Alternatively
or in addition you might want to
power the sensor externaly . In this
case connect a GEB71 battery to the
PWR- port of the sensor.
Attach the TR500 terminal to the
sensor, either directly or via a connection cable by plugging it into the
TERMINAL-port on the sensor.
Insert a PC-card into the sensor.
Lock the lid carefully after
insertion of the card in order
to prevent water and dust from
getting inside the sensor.
Use the hook on the backside of the
sensor to hang it on one of the tripod
legs. Alternatively you may want to
leave the sensor inside the shipping
case.
Your System 500 sensor is now fully
ready for operation.
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
9
Getting started with new equipment
Page 10
Measuring with the default configuration parameters
Step 1: Power on
Turn on the sensor by pressing the ON-button on the terminal. One of the
following two screens will appear on the display:
Step 2: Study the Icons
Most important at this stage is the top
part of the screen which contains
several symbols (icons) which
indicate the current system status.
Getting started with new equipment
10
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
Page 11
Measuring with the default configuration parameters, continued
Both
Upon power on you will first recognize the Number of visible Satel-
lites icon, indicating the number of
satellites which are theoretically
visible at the current location and
time. Usually this number varies
between 4 and 9, depending on the
satellite geometry .
Next to this symbol you find the
Number of Satellites used on L1 /
L2 icon, indicating the number of
satellites currently tracked either on
L1 or on L2.
Upon power on you will read L1: 0,
L2: 0. It will take about 30 seconds
until these number will start changing
and very soon reach the number of
visible satellites.
Number of visible satellites
Number of satellites used
change from time to time, reflecting
changes in the satellite geometry due
to either the rise of new satellites or
the setting of descending satellites.
Once a minimum of 3 satellites is
tracked the sensor can start computing a position. As soon as a position
is available it will be indicated by an
icon on the far left of the status line.
Since for postprocessing surveys no
realtime link will be used, the icon will
always indicate the availability of an
autonomous position (
position
100 meters.
) with an accuracy of about
icons will
navigated
and
As soon as the Position Mode icon
becomes visible the sensor is in a
stage where practical operation can
commence.
If the
Position Mode
become visible even after one or two
minutes then the sensor is still not
tracking satellites. If the
satellites used
check whether the antenna cable is
connected properly to both the
sensor and the antenna.
If the
Number of satellites used
differs from the
satellites
antenna in an open area without
obstructions, since any obstacle will
block the view of satellites.
make sure you place the
icon does not
Number of
is still zero, please
Number of visible
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
11
Getting started with new equipment
Page 12
Measuring with the default configuration parameters, continued
The Battery Status icon at the right
side of the icon line shows from
which source the sensor is currently
powered. A and B indicate the
internal batteries, E an external
battery source. The symbol also
indicates the voltage level of the
currently used battery in 4 different
stages from "full" (fully black) to 2/3
to 1/3 and "almost flat" (white colour).
The Memory Status icon gives
several informations: whether
memory for logging data is available
or not. Options are either a PC-card
or internal memory. If a PC card is
available and configured for use then
at this stage an arrow indicates the
fact that it is safe to remove the PCcard from the sensor. The little bar on
the right side indicates the available
memory on either the PC-card or the
internal memory .
You cannot proceed from
here if no memory device is
available. Insert a PC-card
otherwise no GPS survey can be
carried out.
Step 3 (optional):
Format your memory card
Before you start logging data you
may want to (re-)format your PC-card
or your internal memory .
This step is only necessary if a
completely new PC-card is used or
all existing data should be deleted !
Press 4 on the terminal or use the
Cursor key to highlight the line 4
Utilities, then press ENTER; alterna-
tively press F1 CONT.
(If only lines 1 to 3 are visible at this
stage press F4 SHOW first).
Then press 2 to get access to the
Format Memory Module panel, or
alternatively use the cursor key to
navigate to 2 Format Memory
Module and press ENTER; again
alternatively press F1 CONT.
Getting started with new equipment
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Page 13
Measuring with the default configuration parameters, continued
You are now in the Utilities \ Format
Memory Module panel:
If you want to format the PC-card just
press F1 CONT to format the card. If
you want to format the internal
memory press ENTER. A list-box
opens which allows you to select the
internal memory .
Use the cursor key to highlight
Internal, then press ENTER. Then
press F1 CONT in order to start the
formatting process of the internal
memory .
By activating the format
command all data will be
lost! Make sure that all
important data which resides on the
PC-card is properly backed-up before
reformatting the card. If you want to
reformat the internal memory make
sure that all important data is first
transferred to the PC.
If you realise that you do not want to
format the memory device, simply
press ESC instead of F1 CONT. This
key-stroke brings you always a step
back into the previous panel without
execution of any command.
Once the formatting of the card is
completed the MAIN\ panel will
appear.
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
13
Getting started with new equipment
Page 14
Measuring with the default configuration parameters, continued
Step 4: Begin a Survey
Enter the Survey operation by either
pressing 1 in the Main\ panel or by
first navigating to 1 Survey via
cursor keys and then pressing
ENTER or F1 CONT.
The following panel will appear:
Some basic decisions have to be
made in this panel:
Which configuration set should be
activated, which job the raw data
should be stored and which antenna
set-up should be used.
A Configuration Set (Config Set) is a
collection of certain sensor parameters needed to perform a certain
operation, like data recording rates,
point id templates, data formats,
antenna types, coding methods, etc.
Several default configuration sets
exist which cover standard survey
scenarios. How to create new configuration sets is described in a later
chapter as well as in the Technical
Reference Manual.
For static survey you should select
the PP_ST AT configuration set. You
can make this selection either by
using the cursor left key to toggle
between all available configuration
sets until PP_ST AT appears or you
can highlight the input field and press
ENTER. Then a list box comes up
showing all available sets:
Getting started with new equipment
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Page 15
Measuring with the default configuration parameters, continued
Now use the cursor up or cursor
down key on the terminal to highlight
the PP_STAT line. Then press
ENTER or F1 CONT.
Jobs are used to organise and
structure the data you collect in the
field. Jobs can comprise an unlimited
number of points together with all
related information (raw measurements, codes, point annotation, etc.).
It is suggested to create a new job
whenever you start a new project.
Upon formatting the memory device
(i.e. PC-card or internal memory) a
default job is automatically created.
You can either use this job straight
away or you can create your own job
by doing the following:
Use the cursor up or cursor down key
to highlight the input field for jobs.
Then press ENTER. The following
listbox will appear:
Now press F2 NEW. The following
panel appears:
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
15
Getting started with new equipment
Page 16
Measuring with the default configuration parameters, continued
You can now enter a name for a new
job; press ENTER upon completing
the input of the name. Input fields for
description and creator are optional
and can be left blank.
As an example we can create a new
job called
Test
:
By default the new job will be assigned to the
can be changed to
toggling the
Internal
Pressing F1 CONT which confirms
the creation of a new job name and
its location. Press ESC if you want to
leave this field without creating a new
job. Pressing F6 QUIT has the same
effect.
.
PC-card
Device
. If needed this
Internal
input field to
by
After pressing F1 CONT the list of
available jobs is updated and now
also shows the job
Test
:
Getting started with new equipment
16
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
Page 17
Measuring with the default configuration parameters, continued
Now press F1 CONT to confirm the
selection of the newly created job.
Finally you have to select the antenna type and and antenna setup
which you are using. Normally this
will be AT502 on tripod (or AT501 on
tripod in case of a SR510 sensor).
This selection is made in the usual
way: first use the cursor down key to
get this input field highlighted. Then
use the cursor left or right key to
toggle between all available types
until the right one appears. Alternatively you can press the ENTER key
to get a listbox from which the choice
can be made.
Now all required settings for a static
survey are made. The Survey \ Begin
panel looks as follows:
Press F1 CONT to finishe this start-
up sequence.
Step 5: Logging raw data
We are now within the main Survey
panel. The way the sensor is currently configured this panel will look
as follows:
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
17
Getting started with new equipment
Page 18
Measuring with the default configuration parameters, continued
It is time to check again the icons on
the top of the display: The
Mode
icon should be available, the
Position Mode
"moving" , the
satellites
number greater or at least 4, and the
number of used satellites should be
identical to the number of visible
satellites.
icon still indicates
Number of visible
icon should display a
Position
As soon as you are tracking a minimum of 4 satellites, the position icon
is visible and the antenna is placed
correctly above the survey marker,
you should press F1 OCUPY.
This activates logging of raw data
and the screen changes accordingly:
The position mode icon has changed
to static, indicated by a symbol of a
tripod.
A new icon is now displayed which
indicates that raw data is logged.
Raw data (containing pseudorange
and phase measurements to each
tracked satellite) is logged at
predefined intervals (usually every 10
to 15 seconds, depending on the
Observation Recording Rate
your currently used configuration
set):
Enter a Point Id by filling in the input
field. If you make a typing error
correct the mistake by pressing the
CE key (Clear Entry). Complete the
input by pressing ENTER.
set in
Getting started with new equipment
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GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
Page 19
Measuring with the default configuration parameters, continued
Now use the height hook to determine the height of the antenna above
the survey marker. Insert the height
hook into the carrier and measure the
height between the white mark at the
bottom of the height hook and the
survey marker.
Enter this reading into the Ant
Height field. Since the antenna you
have selected is "AT502 Tripod"
(AT501 Tripod in case of a SR510
sensor) the offset from the height
hook to the phase center of the
antenna is automatically taken care
of.
These are the only two inputs needed
for surveying a point.
The Static observation counter
(Static obs) will now go up every 10
seconds (because this is the default
logging interval).
The displayed GDOP value indicates
the current satellite geometry; the
lower the value the better.
The antenna must not be
moved while data is logged,
otherwise the quality of
post-processed coordinates will be
impaired !
The PC-card must not be
removed while in the Survey
panel. If the card is taken
out of the receiver all stored data
might get corrupted, preventing SKIPro from successfully reading the
data on the card.
The TR500 terminal may now be
disconnected. This will have no effect
on the survey ! Datalogging will
continue. When reconnecting the
terminal the same panel will reappear.
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
19
Getting started with new equipment
Page 20
Measuring with the default configuration parameters, continued
Datalogging should continue depending on your observation plan: a
receiver used as reference has to run
permanently until all rover site occupations are completed. If a unit is
operated as a roving receiver the site
occupation time depends mainly on
the baseline length and your accuracy requirements. See
Guide to Static and Rapid Static
details.
Once sufficient amount of raw data
has been collected the survey of the
point can be completed by pressing
F1 STOP.
General
for
The screen is altered as follows:
The STORE key has become active,
and you still have the chance to
check and correct the entered point
id and the antenna height.
Conclude the survey sequence by
again pressing F1 STORE.
After pressing the STORE key all
related information will be stored in
the currently used job (point id,
antenna heights, etc.)
Step 6: Ending a Survey
You can now quit the survey operation panel by pressing SHIFT F6
QUIT. This brings you back to the
main menu.
Hint: Pressing SHIFT F6 will always
allow you to terminate the survey
operation, even during a site occupation. In this case you will loose all
data collected since pressing
OCUPY.
As soon as you are back to the main
menu the PC-card may be removed.
This is indicated by the PC-card icon
in the status line which contains an
arrow:
Getting started with new equipment
20
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
Page 21
Processing the data in the SKI-Pro software
You can now switch off the receiver.
Once power is off disconnect all
cables and put all equipment back
into the shipping case.
You might now move to another site
and repeat the procedure outlined in
this chapter. Once your fieldwork is
finished you can proceed by processing the collected data in SKI-Pro in
order to get accurate baseline results.
During operation of the
GPS System 500 the PCCard memory card is
getting warm.
In most cases, a short introductory
course to the software will have been
given by the local Leica Geosystems
representative.
To import and process the data
proceed as follows:
•
Switch on the computer, start
Windows, start SKI-Pro.
•
Import the data
For each sensor you must import
the data into SKI-Pro
Select "Import GPS Raw Data"
from the toolbar. Follow the
instructions that appear on the
screen.
Y ou may wish to create a new
project before storing the data on
the PC.
The data is then read by SKI-Pro
and copied to the project related
database.
Repeat the import process for
each sensor which was involved in
the fieldwork of your project.
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
21
Getting started with new equipment
Page 22
Processing the data in the SKI-Pro software, continued
• Process the data
Select the Data-Processing view of
the project you want to process.
The data which was previously
reported appears on the screen in
both a text and also graphical
format.
You must tell the program which
station is the Reference and which
points are Rover. Click on the
graphical observation bars using
the right mouse button and select
either Reference or Rover.
As soon as a Reference and a
Rover occupation is selected the
baseline between the two points
can be computed. Click the
"Compute" button on the tool bar
to start processing the baseline.
When the computation is finished
activate the "Results" view of your
project and examine the
information which is made
available, including the logfile.
Getting started with new equipment
22
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
Page 23
Care and Transport
Transport
When dispatching the
instrument, always use the
complete original Leica Geosystems
packaging (case and cardboard box).
Never carry the instrument loose in a
road vehicle. It can be affected by
shock and vibration. Always carry it in
its case and secure it.
When transporting the instrument by
rail, air or ship, always use the
complete original packaging (case
and cardboard box), or its equivalent,
to protect it against shock and
vibration.
Storage
T emperature limits
(-40°C to +70°C / -40°F to
+158°F) Respect the temperature
limits when storing the instrument,
particularly in summer if the
instrument is inside a vehicle.
Damp instruments must
be unpacked. Dry the
instrument, the case, the foam
inserts and the accessories at not
more than 40°C / 108°F and clean
them. Do not repack until everything
is completely dry.
Cleaning and drying
Use only a clean, soft, lint-
free cloth for cleaning.
If necessary , moisten the cloth with
pure alcohol.
Use no other liquids; these may
attack the polymer components.
Cables and plugs
Keep plugs clean and dry .
Blow away any dirt lodged in the
plugs of the connecting cables.
Unplugging connecting cables or
removing the PCMCIA card during
the measurement may cause loss of
data. Always switch off the
instrument before removing the
cables or the PCMCIA card.
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
23
Safety Instructions
Care and Transport
Page 24
Safety Instructions
Intended use of equipment
The following directions should
enable the person responsible for the
Leica Geosystems GPS equipment,
and the person who actually uses the
equipment, to anticipate and avoid
operational hazards.
The person responsible for the
equipment must ensure that all users
understand these directions and
adhere to them.
Permitted uses
Leica Geosystems GPS equipment is
designed and intended for the
following applications:
- Measuring and computing
coordinates using P-code and/or
C/A-code signals from NAVSTAR
GPS satellites
- Carrying out measurement tasks
using various GPS measuring
techniques
- Recording GPS and point related
data
- Computation and evaluation by
means of software.
Prohibited uses
•
Use of the product without
instruction
•
Use outside of the intended limits
•
Disabling safety systems and
removal of hazard notices
•
Opening the instrument using tools
(screwdriver, etc.), unless this is
specifically permitted for certain
functions
•
Modification or conversion of the
instrument
•
Use after misappropriation
•
Use with accessories from other
manufacturers without the prior
express approval of Leica
Geosystems
•
Inadequate safeguards at the
measuring station (e.g. when
measuring on roads)
Safety Instructions
24
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
Page 25
Prohibited uses, continued
Limits to use
Responsibilities
WARNING
Adverse use can lead to
injury, malfunction and
damage.
It is the task of the person
responsible for the equipment
to inform the user about
hazards and how to
counteract them. Leica Geosystems GPS equipment is
not to be operated until the
user has been instructed how
to work with it.
Refer to Section "Technical
specifications"
Environment:
Suitable for use in an atmosphere
appropriate for permanent human
habitation: not suitable for use in
aggressive or explosive
environments.
GPS Receiver (SR) and T erminal
(TR):
Use in rain is permissible for limited
periods.
External Antenna:
Use in rain is permissible. After long
term use in this environment the
External Antenna must be checked
by a Leica Geosystems service
technician.
- Area of responsibility of the
manufacturer of the original
equipment Leica Geosystems
AG, CH-9435 Heerbrugg,
Switzerland (hereinafter referred
to as Leica Geosystems):
Leica Geosystems is responsible
for supplying the product, including
the user manual and original
accessories, in a completely safe
condition.
- Responsibilities of the
manufacturers of non-Leica
Geosystems accessories:
The manufacturers of
non-Leica Geosystems
accessories for Leica Geosystems
GPS equipment are responsible
for developing, implementing and
communicating safety concepts for
their products, and are also
responsible for the effectiveness of
those safety concepts in
combination with the Leica
Geosystems product.
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
25
Safety Instructions
Page 26
Responsibilities, continued Hazards in use
- Responsibilities of the person in
charge of the equipment
WARNING
The person responsible for
the equipment must ensure
that it is used in accordance
with the instructions. This
person is also accountable
for the training and
deployment of personnel who
use the equipment and for
the safety of the equipment in
use.
The person in charge of the
instrument has the following duties:
- T o understand the safety
instructions on the product and the
instructions in the user manual.
- To be familiar with local regulations
relating to accident prevention.
- To inform Leica Geosystems
immediately if the equipment
becomes unsafe.
Main hazards in use
WARNING
The absence of instruction, or
the inadequate imparting of
instruction, can lead to
incorrect or adverse use, and
can give rise to accidents with
far-reaching human, material,
financial and environmental
consequences.
Precautions:
All users must follow the safety
directions given by the manufacturer
and the directions of the person
responsible for the instrument.
WARNING
The charger must not be
used under damp or
inclement conditions. If
moisture penetrates the
charger, the user may receive
an electric shock.
Precautions:
Use the charger only indoors, in dry
rooms. Protect them from damp. If
the charger is damp, do not use it.
Safety Instructions
26
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Page 27
Main hazards in use, continued
WARNING
If you open the charger, either
of the following actions may
cause you to receive an
electric shock:
- T ouching live components
- Using after incorrect attempts to
carry out repairs.
Precautions:
Do not open the charger yourself.
Only a Leica Geosystems-approved
service technician is entitled to repair
it.
CAUTION:
Watch out for erroneous
measurements if the product
is defective or if it has been
dropped or has been misused
or modified.
Precautions:
Periodically carry out test
measurements indicated in the user
manual, particularly after the
instrument has been subjected to
abnormal use and before and after
important measurements.
WARNING
If computers intended for
indoor use are used in the
field, there is a danger of
electric shock.
Precautions:
Adhere to the instructions given by
the computer manufacturer with
regard to field use.
CAUTION:
If the accessories used with
the equipment are not
properly secured and the
equipment is subjected to
mechanical shock (e.g.
blows, falling), the equipment
may be damaged or people
may sustain injury .
Precautions:
When setting-up the equipment,
make sure that the accessories (e.g.
tripod, tribrach, connecting cables
etc.) are correctly adapted, fitted,
secured, and locked in position.
Avoid subjecting the equipment to
mechanical shock.
CAUTION:
The receiver uses the GPS
P-Code signal, which by U.S.
policy, may be switched off
without notice.
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
27
Safety Instructions
Page 28
Main hazards in use, continued
WARNING
Inadequate securing of the
survey site can lead to
dangerous situations, for
example in traffic, on building
sites and at industrial
installations.
Precautions:
Always ensure that the survey site is
adequately secured. Adhere to the
regulations governing accident
prevention and road traffic.
DANGER:
Because of the risk of
electrocution, it is very
dangerous to use reflector
poles and extensions in the
vicinity of electrical
installations such as power
cables or electrical railways.
Precautions:
Keep at a safe distance from
electrical installations. If it is essential
to work in this environment, first
contact the safety authorities
responsible for the electrical
installations and follow their
instructions.
CAUTION
During the transport or
disposal of charged batteries
it is possible for inappropriate
mechanical influences to
constitute a fire hazard.
Precautions:
Before dispatching the equipment or
disposing of it, discharge the battery ,
either by running the instrument until
the batteries are flat, or by discharging
them with the GKL122 charger.
WARNING
If an External Antenna is not
properly fitted to the roof rack
of a vehicle it can be torn off
by mechanical shock,
vibration or wind, possibly
causing accident and injury .
Precautions:
Use nothing other than the External
Antenna on the roof rack of a vehicle.
Secure the External Antenna
correctly to the roof rack by means of
the adapter. Leica Geosystems of fers
the adapter as an accessory.
Secure the safety cord to the
External Antenna and connect the
cord to the adapter in accordance
with the instruction plate on the
adapter.
Ensure that the roof rack is correctly
mounted and able to safely carry the
weight of the Antenna and
accessories.
Safety Instructions
28
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Page 29
Main hazards in use, continued
WARNING
If the equipment is improperly
disposed of, the following can
happen:
- If polymer parts are burnt,
poisonous gases are produced
which may impair health.
- If batteries are damaged or are
heated strongly , they can explode
and cause poisoning, burning,
corrosion or environmental
contamination.
- By disposing of the equipment
irresponsibly you may enable
unauthorised persons to use it in
contravention of the regulations,
exposing themselves and third
parties to the risk of severe injury
and rendering the environment
liable to contamination.
Precautions:
Dispose of the equipment
appropriately in accordance with the
regulations in force in your country.
Always prevent access to the
equipment by unauthorised
personnel.
DANGER
If the GPS Receiver Hardware is used in exposed
locations (e.g. on masts,
mountains or buildings), it is
at risk from lightning. Danger
from high voltages also exists
near power lines. Lightning,
voltage peaks, or the
touching of power lines can
cause damage, injury and
death.
Precautions:
- Do not use a GPS receiver in a
thunderstorm as you may increase
the risk of being struck by
lightning.
- Be sure to remain at a safe
distance from electrical
installations. Do not use the GPS
Antenna directly under or in close
proximity to power lines. If it is
essential to work in such an
environment contact the local
statutory regulatory bodies
responsible for electrical
installations and follow their
instructions.
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
29
Safety Instructions
Page 30
Main hazards in use, continued
- If a GPS Antenna has to be
permanently mounted in an
exposed location, it is advisable to
provide a lightning conductor
system. A suggestion on how to
design a lightning conductor for a
GPS Antenna is given below.
Always follow the regulations in
force in your country with regard to
grounding Antennas and masts.
These installations must be carried
out by an authorised specialist.
- Additional protection against
lightning:
If there is a risk of a thunderstorm,
or if the equipment is to remain
unused and unattended for a long
period, protect your Leica
Geosystems GPS equipment
additionally by unplugging all
systems components and
disconnecting all connecting
cables and supply cables (e.g..
Receiver - Antenna).
Suggestion for design of a
Lightning Conductor for a GPS
Antenna
1. On non-metallic structures
Protection by Air Terminals is
recommended. An Air Terminal is a
pointed solid or tubular rod of
conducting material with proper
mounting and connection to a
conductor. The position of 4 Air
Terminals should be uniformly
distributed around the Antenna at a
distance equal to the height of the Air
Terminal. The Air Terminal diameter
should be 12mm for copper or 15mm
for aluminium. The height of the Air
Terminals should be 25 to 50cm. All
Air Terminals should be connected to
the down conductors. The diameter
of the Air Terminal should be kept to
a minimum to reduce GPS signal
shading.
2. On metallic structures
Protection is as described for nonmetallic structures, but the Air Terminals can be connected directly to the
conducting structure without the need
for down conductors.
Safety Instructions
30
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Page 31
Main hazards in use, continued
Electromagnetic acceptability
Air Terminal arrangement
(plan view)
1
1 GPS Antenna
2 Support-Structure
3 Air Terminal
Grounding the Receiver/Antenna
2
1
3
4
2
5
3
1 Lightning Conductor Array
2 GPS Antenna
3 Antenna/Receiver Connection
4 Metallic Mast
5 Connection to Earth
The term "electromagnetic
acceptability" is taken to mean the
capability of the Leica Geosystems
GPS equipment to function smoothly
in an environment where
electromagnetic radiation and
electrostatic discharges are present,
and without causing electromagnetic
disturbances to other equipment.
WARNING
Electromagnetic radiation can
cause disturbances in other
equipment.
Although Leica Geosystems GPS
equipment meets the strict
regulations and standards which are
in force in this respect, Leica Geosystems cannot completely exclude the
possibility that other equipment may
be disturbed.
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
31
Safety Instructions
Page 32
Electromagnetic acceptability, continued
CAUTION
There is a risk that
disturbances may be caused
in other equipment if Leica
Geosystems GPS equipment
is used in conjunction with
accessories from other
manufacturers, e.g. field
computers, personal
computers, radios, nonstandard cables, external
batteries etc.
Precautions:
Use only the equipment and
accessories recommended by Leica
Geosystems. When combined with
GPS equipment they meet the strict
requirements stipulated by the
guidelines and standards. When
using computers and radios, pay
attention to the information about
electromagnetic acceptability
provided by the manufacturer.
CAUTION
Disturbances caused by
electromagnetic radiation can
result in the tolerance limits
for measurements being
exceeded.
Although the Leica Geosystems GPS
equipment meets the strict
regulations and standards which are
in force in this connection, Leica
Geosystems cannot completely
exclude the possibility that the Leica
Geosystems GPS equipment may be
disturbed by very intense
electromagnetic radiation, for
instance near radio transmitters,
walkie-talkies, diesel generators,
power cables. Check the plausibility
of results obtained under these
conditions.
WARNING
If the Leica Geosystems GPS
equipment is operated with
connecting cables attached at
only one of their two ends
(e.g. external supply cables,
interface cables), the
permitted level of
electromagnetic radiation
may be exceeded and the
correct functioning of other
instruments may be impaired.
Precautions:
While the Leica Geosystems GPS
equipment is in use, connecting
cables (e.g. instrument to external
battery, instrument to computer) must
be connected at both ends.
Safety Instructions
32
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
Page 33
Electromagnetic acceptability, continued
Only for Leica Geosystems
GPS equipment with
integrated radio modem:
WARNING
Electromagnetic radiation
can cause disturbances in
other equipment, in installations (e.g.
medical ones such as pacemakers or
hearing aids) and in aircraft. It can
also affect humans and animals.
Although the Leica Geosystems GPS
equipment meets the strict
regulations and standards which are
in force in this respect, Leica Geosystems cannot completely exclude the
possibility that other equipment may
be disturbed or that humans or
animals may be affected.
- Do not operate the Leica
Geosystems GPS equipment in
the vicinity of filling stations or
chemical installations, or in other
areas where an explosion hazard
exists.
- Do not operate the Leica
Geosystems GPS equipment near
to medical equipment.
- Do not operate the Leica
Geosystems GPS equipment in
aircraft.
- Do not operate the Leica
Geosystems GPS equipment for
long periods with it immediately
next to your body .
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
33
Safety Instructions
Page 34
FCC statement (applicable in U.S.)
WARNING
This equipment has been
tested and found to comply
with the limits for a Class B
digital device, pursuant to
part 15 of the FCC Rules.
These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against
harmful interference in a residential
installation.
This equipment generates, uses and
can radiate radio frequency energy
and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instructions,
may cause harmful interference to
radio communications.
However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a
particular installation.
If this equipment does cause harmful
interference to radio or television
reception, which can be determined
by turning the equipment off and on,
the user is encouraged to try to
correct the interference by one or
more of the following measures:
- Reorient or relocate the receiving
antenna.
- Increase the separation between
the equipment and receiver.
- Connect the equipment into an
outlet on a circuit different from
that to which the receiver is
connected.
- Consult the dealer or an
experienced radio/TV technician
for help.
WARNING
Changes or modifications not
expressly approved by Leica
Geosystems for compliance
could void the user's authority
to operate the equipment.
Product labeling:
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) this device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired
operation.
This device complies with part 15 of
the FCC Rules. Operation is subject
to the following two conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful
interference, and (2) this device must
accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause
undesired operation.
Safety Instructions
34
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Page 35
Technical Specifications
SR520, SR530 Tracking Characteristics
The Technical Specifications for
Leica Geosystems GPS equipment
are contained on the following pages.
Satellite Reception:
Dual frequency
Receiver channels:
12 L1 continuous tracking
12 L2 continuous tracking
L1 channels:
Carrier phase, P1 code, C/A code
L2 channels:
Carrier phase, P2 code
Carrier Tracking
L1, AS on or off:
Reconstructed carrier phase via C/A
code
L2, AS off:
Reconstructed carrier phase via P2
code
L2, AS on:
Switches automatically to patented P
code-aided technique providing full
L2 reconstructed carrier phase
Code Measurements
L1, AS off:
Carrier phase smoothed code
measurements: C/A code narrow
correlation, P1 code
L1, AS on:
Carrier phase smoothed code
measurements:
C/A code narrow correlation,
patented P1 code-aided code
L2, AS off:
Carrier phase smoothed code
measurements:
P2 code
L1, AS on:
Carrier phase smoothed code
measurements:
Patented P2 code-aided code
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
35
Technical Specifications
Page 36
SR510 Tracking Characteristics GPS Antennas
Carrier phase and code
measurements on L1 and L2
are fully independent with AS
on or off.
Satellites Tracked:
Up to 12 simultaneously on L1 and
L2
Time to first phase measurement
typically 30 seconds.
Satellite Reception:
Single frequency
Receiver channels:
12 L1 continuous tracking
L1 channels:
Carrier phase, C/A narrow code
L1 Carrier Tracking:
Reconstructed carrier phase via C/A
code
L1 Code Measurements:
Carrier phase smoothed C/A code
measurements
Satellites Tracked:
Up to 12 simultaneously
Time to first phase measurement
typically 30 seconds.
A T502
Microstrip L1/L2 antenna with built in
groundplane.
A T501
Microstrip L1 antenna with built in
groundplane.
Technical Specifications
36
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Page 37
Equipment weights Power Environmental Specifications
Receivers
SR530: 1.25 kg
SR520: 1.15 kg
SR510: 1.15 kg
Antennas
A T502: 0.4 kg
A T501: 0.4 kg
Power consumption
SR530: maximum 7 Watts
(excluding radio)
SR520: maximum 5.5 Watts
SR510: maximum 5.5 Watts
Supply Voltage
All equipment: Nominal 12V DC
(Range
1 1-16V DC)
Instrument Operation Storage
SR530 -20°C to +55°C -40°C to +70°C
SR520 -20°C to +55°C -40°C to +70°C
SR510 -20°C to +55°C -40°C to +70°C
AT501/AT502 -40°C to +75°C -40°C to +75°C
Leica PC-cards, all sizes. -20°C to +75°C -40°C to +75°C
Optional internal memory. -20°C to +55°C -40°C to +70°C
Humidity:
Up to 95%, non-condensing
Weather:
Will withstand rain, snow, dust, sand
etc.
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
37
Technical Specifications
Page 38
Separation distances Baseline precision
SR510/SR520/SR530 to A T502 or
A T501 Antenna
Supplied cables: 1.2m or 2.8m
Optional Cable: 30m
Longer cables available on request.
The following specifications are
based on measurements processed
using SKI-Pro software and are given
as baseline rms (root mean square).
Differential Phase
Operation SR530 SR520 SR510
Static 5mm +1ppm 5mm +1ppm 10mm +2 ppm
Rapid static 5mm +1ppm 5mm +1ppm 10mm +2 ppm
Stop & Go 10mm +1ppm 10mm +1ppm 20mm +2ppm
Kinematic 10mm +1ppm 10mm +1ppm 20mm +2 ppm
Differential Code
Operation SR530 SR520 SR510
Static 30cm 30 cm 30 cm
Kinematic 30 cm 30 cm 30 cm
Baseline precision is
dependent upon various
factors including the number
of satellites tracked,
constellation geometry ,
observation time, ephemeris
accuracy , ionospheric
disturbance, multipath and
resolved ambiguities.
Technical Specifications
38
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
Page 39
TQM
Leica Geosystems AG, Heerbrugg,
Switzerland, has been certified as being
equipped with a quality system which
meets the International Standards of
Quality Management and Quality
Systems (ISO standard 9001) and Environmental Management Systems (ISO
standard 14001).
GPS Equipment User Manual -2.0.0en
39
Total Quality ManagementOur commitment to total customer
satisfaction
Ask your local Leica Geosystems agent
for more information about our TQM
program
Technical Specifications
TQM
Page 40
712164-2.0.0en
Printed in Switzerland - Copyright Leica
Geosystems AG, Heerbrugg, Switzerland 2000
Original text
Leica Geosystems AG
CH-9435 Heerbrugg
(Switzerland)
Phone +41 71 727 31 31
Fax +41 71 727 46 73
www.leica-geosystems.com
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