Leica 13104810, 13104940, 13104950, 13104800 User Manual
Leica Abbe Mark II
Refractometer
Models 13104800/13104810/
13104940/13104950
Instruction Manual
Gebrauchsanleitung
Manuel d’utilisation
Manual de instrucciones
1.0 INTRODUCTION.................................................................. 3
2.0 UNPACKING........................................................................ 3
3.0 POWER REQUIREMENTS.................................................. 3
4.0 SET UP .................................................................................. 3
4.1 Equipment Installation........................................................ 3
5.0 CONTROLS............................................................................ 3
5.1 Variable Conditions in Taking Readings .......................... 4
5.2 Calibrating With Distilled Water ...................................... 4
6.0 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS .......................................... 4
7.0 LEICA ABBE MARK II PLUS REFRACTOMETER............ 5
7.1 Computer Interface............................................................ 5
7.2 Setting the Baud Rate ...................................................... 5
7.3 Printer Interface ................................................................ 5
7.4 Custom Programming........................................................ 5
8.0 REFRACTOMETER USE, TECHNIQUES AND
REFRACTION PRINCIPLES ................................................ 6
8.1 High Index/High Dispersion Samples ............................ 6
9.0 CALIBRATION WITH TEST GLASS.................................. 6
10.0 ILLUMINATOR BULB REPLACEMENT ..............................7
10.1 Fuses .................................................................................... 8
11.0 CARE AND CLEANING ........................................................8
12.0 SERVICING ............................................................................8
13.0 SPECIFICATIONS..................................................................8
13.1 The following specifications refer only to the
LEICA ABBE MARK II PLUS Refractometer.................... 9
Explanattion of Warning Symbols
1.0 INTRODUCTION
NNOOTTEE::
Please read these instructions carefully before attempting
to use the instrument.
This Instruction Manual is designed specifically for the LEICA
ABBE MARK II Refractometer and describes proper set up, use
and routine maintenance of the instrument.
SSeeccttiioonnss 77..00 -- 77..44 aarree
aapppplliiccaabbllee oonnllyy ttoo tthhee LLEEIICCAA AABBBBEE MMAARRKK IIII PPlluuss RReeffrraaccttoommeetteerr..
The LEICA ABBE MARK II Refractometer is a durable bench-top
instrument. It provides efficient, reliable and repeatable readings
in three modes:
• % Solids (
O
Brix)
• % Solids (
O
Brix) temperature compensated or (BX-TC) and
• Refractive index (nD)
The LEICA ABBE MARK II Plus Refractometer can accommodate
a custom program on the % Solids (
O
Brix) scale. This can be ac-
complished with pre-programming or retrofitting at the factory.
2.0 UNPACKING
The LEICA ABBE MARK II Refractometer has been carefully packaged for shipping. Before setting aside the packing materials,
check the box(es) to assure that all items ordered have been
received. Among the accessories in the refractometer box will be:
• a refractive index test glass (Catalog No. 10451)
• a 1/16" ( No. 4) Allen wrench (Catalog No. X30600)
• a bottle of 1- Bromonaphthaline for measuring solids
(Catalog No. 10452)
• a dust cover (Catalog No. 10450-140)
Check the instrument and model number against the original
order before discarding any packing materials. The original
packing materials may be saved for future storage or transportation of the refractometer.
3.0 POWER REQUIREMENTS
Models 13104800/13104940 115~ +/-10%, 50/60 Hz
Models 13104810/13104950 230~ +/-10%, 50/60 Hz
• Input power 25P max
• Indoor use only
• Altitude up to 2000m
• Temperature range 5
O
C to 40OC
• Pollution degree 2
• Installation category 2
• Max relative humidity 80% for temperatures up to 31OC
decreasing linearly to 50% relative humidity at 40OC.
4.0 SET UP
The LEICA ABBE MARK II Refractometer is easy to use.
Very little training is needed to set up and operate the instrument
to obtain temperature and refractive index measurements.
4.1 Equipment Installation
The LEICA ABBE MARK II Retractometer must be used on a hard,
stable and level surface such as a laboratory table or work
bench.
5.0 CONTROLS
THE LEICA ABBE MARK II Refractometer controls are identified
in Figure 1.
NNOOTTEE::
The mode selector switch no longer functions as the
on/off switch. The ON/OFF switch is located on the lower left
front cover of the instrument above the Leica logo.
PPoowweerr SSwwiittcchh::
The Power Switch is located in the lower right corner of the front
panel (Figure 1). | = on 0 = off
English
Leica ABBE MARK II Refractometer
Instruction Manual
Contents
5X20 250mA T/250V (Type 10480/10494)
CAUTIONN:
Risk of electric shock
CAUTIONN:
(Refer to accompanying documents)
!
CAAUTION:
As a safety precaution, the power cord
has been grounded to the instrument base. Never use a
2-prong adapter between the power cord and the power
source; it will render the grounding feature ineffective.
CAAUTION:
Use of this equipment other than in the manner specified in this manual may result in reduction of
safety protection.
!
3
TThhee mmooddee sseelleeccttoorr sswwiittcchh iiss uusseedd ttoo sseelleecctt mmeeaassuurreemmeenntt mmooddeess::
TThhee mmooddeess aarree::
• % Solids-TC - Temperature Compensated % Solids as Sucrose
(
O
Brix) per International Commission for Uniform Methods of
Sugar Analysis Refractive Index Tables.
•nD- Refractive Index
• % Solids - Non-Temperature Compensated % Solids as Sucrose
The reticle adjustment access hole permits vertical adjustment
of the crosshair during calibration procedures.
Depress the read display button to obtain measurement values.
Depressing the temperature display button will provide
a reading of the prism temperature.
Readings are shown digitally in the display window.
5.1 Variable Conditions in Taking Readings
Distilled water readings above 20OC can be obtained in the
refractive index % Solids-TC mode, assuming the instrument is
properly calibrated. Correct readings cannot be obtained in the
non-temperature compensated % Solids mode when the water
sample temperature is above or below 20
O
C. Refractive index (nD)
readings for distilled water can be obtained from 0OC to 80OC (see
Chart 1 for values between 18-30OC).
Refractive index is inversely proportional to temperature. As
temperature increases, the solution density decreases and the
refractive index or % Solids reading will decrease. As temperature decreases the solution density will increase and the
refractive index (% Solids) will increase. The % Solids-TC mode
automatically corrects the reading for temperature based on
the temperature coefficient of sucrose in solution. This coefficient is typical of most aqueous solutions.
5.2 Calibrating With Distilled Water
To calibrate:
1. Place a distilled water sample on the measuring prism surface
and let it stand undisturbed for 3-5 minutes to obtain temperature
stability. Turn the mode selector switch to the refractive index
(nD) position.
2. Focus the eyepiece until the crosshair clearly appears.
3. Rotate the adjustment control clockwise until the shadow line
nearly meets the crosshair. Use the dispersion correction wheel
to obtain the sharpest possible color-free shadow line. Adjust the
shadow line to meet the crosshair. Press the Read button and
record the n
D
value, then press the temperature button and
record the temperature.
4. If the instrument is properly calibrated, the reading will be
1.3330 less 0.0001 for each degree above 20OC or plus 0.0001 for
each degree below 20
O
C.
If the instrument is not calibrated, determine the proper reading
(Chart 1) and rotate the adjustment control and depress the READ
display button until the display reads correctly. (The shadow line
will no longer intersect the crosshair on the reticle.)
5. Insert a 1/16" Allen wrench into the reticle adjustment
access hole (Figure 2) located in the dispersion correction wheel.
Turn the wrench to bring the crosshair into proper position on the
shadow line.
NNOOTTEE::
The final movement made with the adjustment
correction control wheel should always be in a clockwise direction. The shadow line will move upward.
6. Turn the mode selector to the BX-TC position. Press the READ
button. An LED reading of 000.0 or 0.1 is normal. If a negative sign
and a decimal point appear, no reading can be given.
Go on to the next step.
If a “No Reading” condition persists after repeated READ
attempts, rotate the adjustment control until the display reads
000.0 or 0.1. Only a very slight adjustment will be necessary.
Readjust the reticle crosshair to the shadow line.
The display should now read 000.0.
Repeat the steps until the display reads 000.0.
6.0 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
To begin operation:
1. Open the prism assembly cover (Figure 4) and remove the
protective lens tissue. Clean the measuring prism surface with
alcohol and then distilled water. Wipe with a clean soft cloth or
lens tissue, but do not wipe the measuring prism surface while
it is dry. Any residue left on the prism can affect the accuracy
of readings.
2. Turn the mode selector to the desired mode position.
3. Apply a sample solution to the measuring prism surface using a
glass dropper. Close the prism cover and position the illumination
arm so that the exposed face of the upper prism is fully illuminated.
4. Turn the dispersion correction wheel so that the crosshair
adjustment access hole is at the six o’clock position.
English
Dispersion Correction Wheel
Adjustable Eyepiece
Reticle Adjustment
Access Hole
Display Window
Read Display Button
Temp. Display
Button
Power Switch
Mode Selector
Prism Surface
Illuminator Arm
Adjustment
Control
Right Panel Cover
Reticle Adjustment
Access Hole
FFiigguurree 11
FFiigguurree 22
4
5. Rotate the adjustment control counterclockwise to position the
shadow line at the bottom of the field of view.
6. Rotate the eyepiece to bring the crosshair into focus.
7. Move the shadow line to the crosshair reticle with the coarse
adjustment control.
8. Rotate the dispersion correction wheel to eliminate any red or
green color at the edge of the shadow line.
9. Turn the adjustment control to center the shadow line to the
crosshair. The shadow line must be perfectly centered to obtain
an accurate reading (Figure 3a).
10. Depress the READ button. The value of the test sample will be
digitally indicated in the display window. Depressing the TEMP
button will activate a temperature sensing device located in the
measuring prism. The display will digitally indicate the actual
temperature of the measuring prism and sample.
NNOOTTEE::
If the LEICA ABBE MARK II Refractometer is to be used in
an environment where foreign materials may contaminate the
display buttons, use the splash guard accessory (Catalog No.
13104590). It will prevent instrument damage and possible instrument failure.
7.0 LEICA ABBE MARK II PLUS
REFRACTOMETER
NNOOTTEE::
Sections 7.0 through 7.4 are applicable only for the LEICA
ABBE MARK II Plus Refractometer - Model 13104940/13104950.
The LEICA ABBE MARK II Refractometer provides computer
interface, custom programming and printer interface capabilities.
The instrument becomes the LEICA ABBE MARK II Plus Refractometer (Model 13104940/13104950) with the addition of the
RS232 port. The LEICA ABBE MARK II Plus can be ordered as:
• an original purchase
• a factory upgrade or
• a retrofit to an existing LEICA ABBE MARK II Refractometer.
7.1 Computer Interface
Turn on the LEICA ABBE MARK II Plus Refractometer with the
switch located on the instrument’s front panel. When the refractometer is first turned on, the software version (
e.g.,
1.6) will
appear in the read display for a few seconds. The refractometer
is ready to use when this message disappears.
By interfacing the LEICA ABBE MARK II Plus to a computer,
sample reading results can be transferred to IBM-PC compatible data-handling software programs with communications
capabilities (
e.g.,
Microsoft Works®, Framework II™ and
ProComm®)
1
. Software can be used to store, graph, analyze and
print data. Leica also offers LEICA ABBE MARK II Plus Refractometer interface software (MARKPLUS) specifically designed for
use with the instrument.
The MARKPLUS software allows the instrument user to reprogram the % Solids scales from the default "Brix" (% Solids) scale
to a user defined scale.
7.2 Setting the baud rate
The baud rate of the LEICA ABBE MARK II Plus is set to 9600. To
change the baud rate remove the cap on the left side of the
instrument (Figure 3b). Turn the instrument on and using the
eraser end of a pencil press the post switch which is centered in
the hole. The display will show the current baud rate. To change
the rate press the read button on the front of the instrument panel
until the appropriate baud rate is displayed. Choose the baud rate
from the following options: 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600. Once the
appropriate baud rate is displayed press the switch again. Turn
off the instrument and replace the cap. The new baud rate will be
permanently retained in the instrument memory.
7.3 Printer Interface
The LEICA ABBE MARK II Plus Refractometer can be interfaced
to a serial port printer for printed data results using the 9-pin
RS232 output. A parallel port printer may be used with a serial to
parallel converter.
7.4 Custom Programming
LEICA ABBE MARK II Plus Refractometer interface software
(MARKPLUS) may be configured for customized calibration
curves and temperature compensation. (The standard LEICA
ABBE MARK II Refractometer corrects to 20OC only.) However,
MARKPLUS must be configured for each specific application or
custom programming. Leica’s MARKPLUS is designed to accept
a Table of Refractive Index, Temperature and Concentration values and then generate custom scale data for instrument programming. Data is entered from a text file. Contact your Leica
representative for more information.
English
FFiigguurree 33aa FFiigguurree 33bb
Baud Rate
Adjustment
RS232 Port
Left Panel Cover
5
8.0REFRACTOMETER USE, TECHNIQUES
AND REFRACTION PRINCIPLES
Refractive Index measurements taken on the LEICA ABBE MARK
II and LEICA ABBE MARK II Plus Refractometers are affected by
temperature. Different values can be obtained when the same
sample is measured at different temperatures. For example: as
the temperature of a sugar solution sample rises, its density and
refractive index decrease. This causes an apparent decrease in
concentration when using the non-temperature compensated %
Solids mode. The % Solids-TC (Temperature Compensated) mode
automatically corrects the reading to the correct value at 20
O
C.
For every 1OC change in temperature, an aqueous solution containing sugar will change readings by approximately 0.08%. This
is the average value for samples of 0 to 85% at 15OC to 45OC. As
temperature rises the % Solids reading decreases. As temperature decreases, the % Solids reading increases.
The LEICA ABBE MARK II Refractometer temperature will rise
approximately 1OC every 10 minutes for 1 hour until it stabilizes.
An instrument that has been turned on for more than 1 hour in a
20OC room could read 26OC. The rise in temperature is principally
due to heat generated by the power transformer inside the
instrument housing.
The sample placed on the measuring prism surface of a LEICA
ABBE MARK II Refractometer that has been turned on for more
than an hour in a 20OC environment will assume the temperature
of the prism (
i.e.,
approximately 26OC). Although the sample is
now warmer and would indicate a lower concentration when
measured in the uncompensated Brix mode, the BX-TC mode
automatically compensates for the temperature difference and
displays the concentration of the solution as if its temperature
were 20OC. Without compensation for the 6Orise, the readout of a
70% solution would be 0.5% less (6OC x 0.08%) or 69.5%.
The measuring prism surface temperature can be lowered
by running cooling fluid through the water jackets in the prism
housing. However, the heat generated inside the instrument
housing still affects the prism temperature. For this reason it is
necessary to run fluid slightly below the desired temperature. A
thermometer placed in the fluid line may measure several
degrees below the actual displayed temperature of the measuring prism surface displayed when the temperature button is
pressed. The opposite is true if the prism temperature has to be
elevated above the ambient temperature.
The fluid circulation system allows the prism to be adjusted
for temperatures up to 80
O
C. This may be necessary when using
samples that solidify at lower temperatures.
Measuring viscous samples, such as high Brix sugar syrups, may
be more difficult than measuring products with lower total dissolved solids.
Stir the sample on the measuring prism surface with a rubber
spatula or an angled piece of clear plastic tubing. Completely
cover the surface making sure all the air pockets between the
sample and the measuring prism surface are removed.
For removing carbonation from carbonated soft drink samples,
open and close the prism cover two or three times after loading.
Doing this provides the best possible reading line and the best way
to judge where the shadow line intersects the crosshair reticle.
NNOOTTEE::
Remember the accuracy of the instrument is only as good
as the clarity of the shadow line.
8.1 High Index/High Dispersion Samples
High refractive index samples with high dispersion properties may require
additional use of Catalog #13K30650 589nm bandpass filter accessory. This
accessory will insure that the shadowline will be sharp for these samples.
9.0 CALIBRATION WITH TEST GLASS
Refer to Chart 1, Refractive Index of Triple Distilled Water at
Various Temperatures to compare the refractive index reading
with the calibrated temperature reading.
To calibrate the LEICA ABBE MARK II Refractometer use:
• a refractive index test glass (Catalog No. 13104510)
• a bottle of 1- Bromonaphthaline (Catalog No. 13104520)
• a 1/16" (No. 4) Allen wrench (Catalog No. 13X30600)
• lens tissue
The refractive index test glass is imprinted with the refractive
index scale. The bottom and front surfaces of the glass are polished. It is important that these surfaces are very clean when
beginning calibration procedures.
TToo ccaalliibbrraattee::
1. Turn the “Mode” selector switch to the refractive index position.
2. Apply a single drop of 1-Bromonaphthaline to the surface of
the measuring prism surface.
3. Place the refractive index test glass on the measuring prism
surface with the imprinted side facing up. Position the polished
end of the test glass toward the illuminator - about 1/8" (2mm)
from the edge (Figure 4).
4. Align the illuminator so that the light is directed onto the polished face of the test glass. Cover the illuminator lens with lens
tissue to diffuse the light.
5. Adjust the illuminator arm, dispersion correction wheel, eyepiece and adjustment control so that the shadowline is centered,
in focus, free of color. This is the same procedure used with a
English
Back Plate
Test Glass
Test Glass Position
1/8” [2mm] from edge)
Base Plate
Measuring
Prism
Fastening
Screws
Illuminating Prism
CChhaarrtt 11:: RReeffrraaccttiivvee IInnddeexx ooff TTrriippllee
DDiissttiilllleedd WWaatteerr aatt VVaarriioouuss TTeemmppeerraattuurreess
TTeemmpp OOCC RReeffrraaccttiivvee IInnddeexx
18 1.3332
19 1.3331
20 1.3330
21 1.3329
22 1.3328
23 1.3327
24 1.3326
25 1.3325
26 1.3324
27 1.3323
28 1.3322
29 1.3321
30 1.3319
Source: Molar Refraction of Organic Compounds
FFiigguurree 44
6
liquid sample.
6. Depress the READ button and record the digital reading which
appears in the display window.
If the reading differs from the value printed on the test glass by
more than ±0.0001, repeat the measurement several times.
Clean the measuring prism and test glass surfaces with alcohol,
followed by water after each test.
If an error persists, make the following adjustment:
7. Turn the shadow line adjustment control slightly and depress
the READ button. Repeat this procedure until the display agrees
with the test glass value.
The shadowline will now be above or below the center of the
crosshair reticle.
8. Insert the Allen wrench through the reticle access hole in the dispersion correction wheel. Adjust the reticle until the shadow line
passes through the center of the crosshair (Figure 2 & Figure 3a).
The instrument is now calibrated.
10.0 ILLUMINATOR BULB REPLACEMENT
The illuminator bulb can be replaced by removing the condenser
sleeve (Figure 6). Always use the suggested replacement bulb
(Catalog No. 13104620, pkg. of 3) for maximum efficiency and
safety. After inserting a new bulb, the socket can be adjusted to
center the light on the measuring prism with the condenser
sleeve in place. If necessary, push down on the spring-loaded
condenser sleeve lock pin and slide back and forth until the pin
snaps into place.
DAANGER
: The glass envelope of the bulb may be extremely
hot. Do not attempt to change the bulb before it is completely
cooled or without wearing protection.
WAARNING
: Unplug the refractometer power cord before
attempting to replace the illuminator bulb.
English
Main Control Board
(November 1992)
WWiirriinngg KKeeyy CCoolloorr CCooddee
W = White
B = Black
G = Green
O = Orange
R = Red
y = Yellow
11331100449944--992244
Not Used
Thermistor Plug
RS232 Plug
(active on 13104940, 13104950)
Not Used
Limit Switch
Baud Rate Switch
Power
Motor
FFiigguurree 55
!
7
10.1 Fuses
The LEICA ABBE MARK II Refractometer electrical circuitry is
protected by two (2) fuses. To replace the fuses turn the Adjustment Control Knob (Figure 1) two turns clockwise. This raises the
elevator assembly to provide clear access to the fuses. Remove
the adjustment control knob with a 1/8” Allen wrench. Remove
the two Phillips head screws which hold the right panel cover to
the bottom of the instrument housing. Slide the panel cover down
as far as possible to facilitate its removal. With the right panel
cover removed the fuses will be visible on the bottom plate of the
instrument (Figure 5b). Replace the fuses and reassemble.
11.0 CARE AND CLEANING
The LEICA ABBE MARK II Refractometer is a precision optical instrument designed for years of trouble-free operation. The interior design has been carefully constructed for protection from dust
or spills. The exterior is painted with a durable enamel. The stainless steel refractive prism assembly is sealed with corrosionresistant epoxy.
The use of strong solvents such as N, N-Dimethylformamide or N,
N-Dimethylacetamide, cresols, phenols and other tar acids or
strong acetic solutions should be avoided. Materials such as
Tetrahydrofuran or some lacquer thinners and their components
can deteriorate the prism seal over a long period of time or when
applied in elevated temperatures.
An accumulation of dust, solvents or sample, particularly on the
prism assembly, may eventually penetrate the refractometer and
affect accuracy or accelerate wear.
When the instrument is not in use, the measuring prism assembly
should be kept closed with a folded sheet of lens tissue between
the prisms. The prism surfaces should be cleaned with distilled
water, methanol or an appropriate solvent immediately after
each sample is used.
Warm distilled water is recommended for removing sugar
residues and methanol for oil-based samples. The prism may be
wiped with lens cleaning tissue, but it should not be wiped with
a hard, dry cloth. After wiping the sample from the prism, rinse
the prism again with distilled water.
NNOOTTEE::
Do not wipe the measuring prism surface dry and do not
wipe it with anything if it is dry. Do not contact the prism or the
surrounding seal with metal or with sharp or pointed objects.
The glass parts of the prism assembly are relatively hard and
have excellent resistance to staining. Strong acids or bases
should not be measured with this instrument, nor used as cleaning agents.
To clean the eyepiece, snap out the rubber insert at the end of
the adjustable eyepiece tube. Clean the lens with a cotton swab
or lens tissue lightly dampened with acetone or methanol.
Replace the rubber insert.
12.0 SERVICING
The LEICA ABBE MARK II and LEICA ABBE MARK II Plus
Refractometers should be serviced or repaired by factorytrained service and repair technicians. If operating difficulty is
experienced contact Leica’s Refractometer Customer Service
Department at 716-686-3000 or fax 716-686-3085. Outside the
United States contact your local Leica representative.
13.0 SPECIFICATIONS
LLEEIICCAA AABBBBEE MMAARRKK IIII RReeffrraaccttoommeetteerr MMooddeell 1133110044880000//1133110044881100
LLEEIICCAA AABBBBEE MMAARRKK IIII PPlluuss RReeffrraaccttoommeetteerr
MMooddeell 1133110044994400//1133110044995500
DDiissppllaayy
Direct reading LED
MMooddeess ooff OOppeerraattiioonn
Refractive index (nD),
%Solids (OBrix) and
temperature compensated
Brix - BX-TC
MMooddeess RRaannggee
nn
D
1.3200-1.7000
BBrriixx
0-95
BBXX--TTCC aatt 2200
O
0-95
TTeemmppeerraattuurree OCC
15º-50ºC
PPoowweerr RReeqquuiirreemmeennttss
Model 13104800 115V/60Hz
Model 13104810 230/50Hz
Model 13104940 115V/50-60Hz
Model 13104950 230V/50-60Hz
Illuminator Arm
Socket Adjustment
Screw
Illuminator Bulb
Revolving Condenser
Sleeve
FFiigguurree 55bb FFiigguurree 66
Warning:
Unplug the Refractometer Power Cord before attempt-
ing to check or replace fuses.
CAAUTION:
Replacement of fuses is not user serviceable. Fuses
must be replaced by qualified service personnel. The fuse shall
be replaced only with the same size, type and rating.
!
English
8
EElleeccttrriiccaall AApppprroovvaallss
UL listed, CSA certified,
VDE listed, CE
Accuracy ±0.0001n
D
±0.1% Solids (OBrix)- 0.0 95% ±0.1 on custom scale
TTeemmppeerraattuurree CCoommppeennssaattiioonn
Default mode corrects
%Solids scale readings
taken at 15OC to 50OC to a
datum temperature of
20OC; Mark II Plus
Custom Mode corrects to
user specified data
TTeemmppeerraattuurree MMeeaassuurreemmeenntt
Thermistor mounted in
prism assembly
TTeemmppeerraattuurree CCoommppeennssaattiioonn
±0.1OC
AAccccuurraaccyy
SSaammppllee TTyyppeess
Transparent or
translucent liquids and solids
DDiimmeennssiioonnss
6"W x 10.5"L x 14"H
(152mm x 262mm x 356mm)
WWeeiigghhtt
(net) 16lbs (7.3kg)
SSaammppllee TTeemmppeerraattuurree
Fittings on prism assembly
CCoonnttrrooll
for connecting temperature
controlled water circulator
PPrriissmm AAsssseemmbbllyy
Stainless steel, glass sealed
with solvent-resistant epoxy
OOppttiiccaall CCoommppeennssaattiioonn
Dual amici prism compensator for sharp shadow-lines
and 589nm (Sodium D line)
illumination
All models have passed RF Interference Testing, Class A
13.1 The following specifications refer only
to the LEICA ABBE MARK II Plus
Refractometer
DDiissppllaayy
Direct digital readout of
refractive index or
concentration (% solids or
custom scale) and
temperature
DDeeffaauulltt MMooddeess
1. Refractive Index 1.3200 to 1.7000n
D
2. % Solids (OBrix) 0.0 to 95.0%
3. % Solids (
O
Brix) temperature compensated 0.0 to 95.0%
Default % Solids (OBrix) scales (0.0-85.0%) based 1974
I.C.U.M.S.A. Tables (% Sugar vs. nDat 20OC)
CCuussttoomm MMooddeess
• 1. 0.0 to 999.9 readout of concentration. User inputs concentration vs. refractive index data
• 2. 0.0 to 999.9 Temperature Compensated readout of concentration
vs. refractive index vs. temperature data Custom Mode data are
input using Leica software program (IBM PC compatible)
IInntteerrffaaccee
RS232 Serial
CCoommmmuunniiccaattiioonn
User selectable Baud rate,
300, 1200, 2400, 4800,
9600 bps - 8 data bits, one
stop bit, no parity, Baud
rate factory set at 9600.
ASCII output with tab
separators
CCoonnnneeccttiioonn
DB9 Female
PPiinn AAssssiiggnnmmeennttss
2 output, 3 input, 5
ground
English
9
LEICA ABBE MARK II Refraktometer
Gebrauchsanleitung
Inhaltsverzeichnis
1.0 Einleitung ............................................................................ 10
2.0 Auspacken des GerätES....................................................10
3.0 NetZspannung...................................................................... 10
4.0 AuFSTELLen des GerätES.................................................. 10
4.1 Ausrüstung Installation...................................................... 10
5.0 Bedienungselemente.......................................................... 10
5.1 Messungsvariabeln ............................................................ 11
5.2 Kalibrieren des Instruments mit Destilliertem Wasser 11
6.0 Bedienungsanleitung ........................................................ 11
7.0 LEICA ABBE MARK II Plus Refraktometer.................... 12
7.1 Computer-Interface .......................................................... 12
7.2 Einstellung der Übertragungsgeschwindigkeit............ 12
7.3 Druckerschnittstelle .......................................................... 12
7.4 Benutzerspezifisches Programmieren .......................... 12
8.0 Der Einsatz des Refraktometers. ....................................13
Techniken und Grundsätze der Refraktion
8.1 Hoher Brechungsidex/Hohes Dispersion Muster........ 13
9.0 Kalibrieren mit Testglas .................................................... 13
10.0 Auswechseln der Lampe....................................................15
10.1 Auswechseln der Sicherung .......................................... 15
11.0 Pflege und Reinigung ..........................................................15
12.0 Wartung..................................................................................16
13.0 Technische Daten................................................................16
13.1 Die nachfolgenden Angaben beziehen sich auss-
chließlich auf das LEICA ABBE MARK II Plus Refraktometer 16
Erläuterung für Warnungs Symbole
1.0 EINLEITUNG
AACCHHTTUUNNGG!!
Vor Inbetriebnahme des Geräts, lesen Sie diese
Anleitung bitte sorgfältig durch.
Diese Gebrauchsanleitung wurde eigens für das LEICA ABBE
MARK II Refraktometer geschrieben und beschreibt die richtige
Aufstellung, Benutzung und routinemäßige Wartung des Geräts.
Abschnitte 7.0 bis 7.4 beziehen sich ausschließlich auf das LEICA
ABBE MARK II Plus Refraktometer.
Das LEICA ABBE MARK II Refraktometer ist ein robustes
Tischgerät. Es liefert zuverlässig wiederholbare Meßergebnisse
in drei Modi:
• % Feststoffe (ºBrix)
• % Feststoffe (ºBrix ) Temperaturausgeglichen oder (BX-TC) und
• Brechungsindex (nD)
Das LEICA ABBE MARK II Plus Refraktometer kann durch ein
anwendungsspezifisches Programm für die % Feststoffe (ºBrix)Skala erweitert werden. Dies kann durch Vorprogrammierung
oder Nachrüstung in der Fabrik geschehen.
2.0 AUSPACKUNG DES GERÄTES
Für den Transport wurde das LEICA ABBE MARK II
Refraktometer sehr sorgfältig verpackt. Bevor Sie das
Verpackungsmaterial wegwerfen, kontrollieren Sie den Karton
bzw. die Kartons, um sicherzustellen, daß alle bestellten Teile
vorhanden sind. Zu dem Zubehör im Refraktometer-Karton
gehören:
• ein Brechzahl-Testglas (Kat.-Nr. 10451)
• ein 1/16" (Nr. 4) Sechskantstift-Schlüssel (Kat.-Nr. X30600)
• eine Flasche 1- Bromonaphthalin für Feststoffmessungen
(Kat.-Nr. 10452)
• ein Staubschutz (Kat.-Nr. 10450-140)
Vergleichen Sie das Gerät und die Typ-Nr. mit der Bestellung,
bevor Sie irgendwelche Verpackungsmaterialien wegwerfen.
Das Verpackungsmaterial kann auch zwecks künftiger Lagerung
bzw. Transport des Geräts aufgehoben werden.
3.0 NETZSPANNUNG
Netzspannung und Typ 13104800/13104940 120V ~ ±10% - 60Hz
Bereich Frequenz Typ 13104810/13104950 240V ~ ±10% - 50Hz
Stromaufnahme 25P Max
Bereich der Umweltbedingungen
• Höhe nicht über 2000m
• nicht für den Einsatz im Freien
• Temperaturen von 5ºC bis 40ºC
• maximale relative Feuchte - 80% bei Temperaturen bis zu 31º,
linear absteigend bis 50% relative Feuchte bei 40ºC
• Installationskategorie II (Kategorie Überspannung)
• Verschmutzungsgrad 2
4.0 AUFSTELLEN DES GERÄTES
Das LEICA ABBE MARK II Refraktometer is sehr benutzerfreundlich. Fast keine Einarbeitung ist notwendig, um das Gerät
aufzustellen und zu bedienen; somit sind Temperatur- und
Brechzahlmessungen sehr leicht zu erhalten.
4.1 Ausrüstung Installation
Das LEICA ABBE MARK II Refraktometer muß an einer harten
und ebenen Fläche z.B eine Werkbank oder Tisch aufgestellt
werden.
5.0 BEDIENUNGSELEMENTE
Die Bedienungselemente des LEICA ABBE MARK II
Refraktometers sind in Abb. 1 dargestellt.
Der an der Vorderseite des Geräts angebrachte Wahlschalter für
den Betriebsmodus dient nicht mehr als Ein- und Ausschalter.
EEiinn//AAuusssscchhaalltteerr::
Der Ein/Ausschalter ist an der rechten, unteren Ecke der
Vorderseite des Gerätes (Abb. 1). |=Ein 0=Aus
Deutsch
5X20 100mA T/250V (Typ 1310481/1310495)
VVOORRSSIICCHHTT::
Risiko von elektrischem Schock
VVOORRSSIICCHHTT::
Bitte verweisen sie zu begleitenden
Dokumente
!
VVOORRSSIICCHHTT::
Als Sicherheitsmaßnahme ist der Fuß
des Mikroskops über ein dreipoliges Netzkabel mit
einem Schutzleiter versehen. Verwenden Sie nie
einen zweipoligen Adapter zwischen dem
Neztkabel und der Steckdose; dies würde zum
Verlust des Schutzeffektes führen.
!
10
DDeerr WWaahhllsscchhaalltteerr wwiirrdd bbeennuuttzztt uumm ddeenn BBeettrriibbssmmoodduuss
eeiinnzzuusstteelllleenn::
DDiiee MMooddii ssiinndd::
• % Feststoffe-TC - TC Temperatur ausgeglichen % Feststoffe
als Rohzucker (ºBrix) nach der Internationalen Kommission für
gleiche Verfahren der Zucker Prüfung, Brechindex Tabellen.
• nD - Brechindex
• % Feststoff - Nicht Temperatur ausgeglichen % Feststoffe als
Rohzucker.
5.1 Messungsvariabeln
Bei Temperaturen über 20° C kann destilliertes Wasser im
Brechungsindex % Feststoffe-TC-Modus gemessen werden,
vorausgesetzt, das Instrument wurde richtig kalibriert. Genaue
Meßwerte sind im % Feststoffe-Modus ohne
Temperaturausgleich nicht möglich, wenn die Wasserprobe von
20° C abweicht. Bei destilliertem Wasser kann eine
Brechzahlmessung (nD) von 0° C bis 80° C vorgenommen werden
(siehe Tabelle 1 auf Seite 10 für Werte zwischen 18-30° C).
Der Brechungsindex steht im umgekehrten Verhältnis zur
Temperatur. Bei steigenden Temperaturen sinkt die
Lösungsdichte und damit auch der Brechungsindex oder %
Feststoffe-Meßwert. Bei sinkender Temperatur steigen dagegen
die Lösungsdichte und der Brechungsindex (% Feststoffe). Der
% Feststoffe-TC- Modus gleicht den Meßwert auf Grund des
Temperatur-Koeffizients für Zuckerlösungen aus. Dieser
Koeffizient gilt für die meisten wasserhaltigen Lösungen.
5.2 Kalibrieren des Instruments mit destilliertem Wasser
Um das Refraktometer zu kalibrieren:
1. Geben Sie etwas destilliertes Wasser als Probe auf die
Oberfläche des Meßprismas und warten Sie 3 - 5 Minuten ab, um
eine stabile Temperatur zu erreichen. Wählen Sie mit dem
Wahlschalter den Brechzahlmodus (nD).
2. Schärfen Sie das Okular solange ein, bis das Fadenkreuz deut-
lich erscheint.
3. Drehen Sie das Einstellrad im Uhrzeigersinn so lange, bis die
Schattenlinie das Fadenkreuz fast berührt. Rotieren Sie das Dispersions-Korrekturrad bis eine möglichst scharfe und farbenfreie
Schattenlinie erreicht ist. Dann stellen Sie die Schattenlinie so
ein, daß sie mit dem Fadenkreuz in Berührung kommt. Drücken
Sie zuerst die Meßtaste und verzeichnen Sie den n
D
Wert, dann
die Temperaturtaste drücken und den Temperatur Wert verzeichnen.
4. Wenn das Gerät richtig kalibriert wurde, beträgt der Meßwert
1,3330 minus 0,0001 pro Grad über 20ºC bzw. plus 0,0001 pro Grad
unter 20ºC.
Wenn das Gerät nicht kalibriert wurde, ermitteln Sie nach
Tabelle 1 den richtigen Meßwert. Rotieren Sie das Einstellrad
und drücken Sie die Meßtaste solange, bis die Anzeige stimmt.
(Die Schattenlinie entfernt sich dabei vom Fadenkreuz auf der
Meßplatte.)
5. Führen Sie einen 1/16" Sechskant-Stiftschlüssel in das
Fadenkreuz-Einstell-Loch im Dispersions-Korrekturrad (Abb. 2).
Drehen Sie den Schlüssel, bis das Fadenkreuz an der
Schattenlinie liegt.
AACCHHTTUUNNGG!!
Die letzte Drehung des Einstellrads soll immer im
Uhrzeigersinnn erfolgen. Die Schattenlinie bewegt sich dabei
nach oben.
6. Drehen Sie den Modus-Umschalter auf die Stellung BX-TC.
Drücken Sie die Meß-Taste. Ein angezeigter Wert von 0000.0
oder 0.1 ist normal. Beim Erscheinen eines Minuszeichens und
eines Dezimalpunkts ist keine Meßwertanzeige möglich.
Gehen Sie zum nächsten Schritt über.
Wenn die Fehleranzeige auch nach wiederholten Meßversuchen
andauert, drehen Sie das Einstellrad solange, bis 000.0 oder 0.1
erscheint. Dazu bedarf es nur einer geringfügigen Verstellung.
Bringen Sie das Fadenkreuz erneut auf die Schattenlinie.
Das Anzeigefeld soll jetzt 000.0 zeigen.
Wiederholen Sie diese Schritte solange, bis die Anzeige 000.0
beträgt.
6.0 BEDIENUNGSANLEITUNG
Inbetriebnahme des Gerätes:
1. Öffnen Sie den Prismadeckel (Abb. 4) und entfernen Sie das
Linsen-Schutztuch. Reinigen Sie das Meßprisma mit Alkohol und
dann mit destilliertem Wasser. Wischen Sie es dann mit einem
weichen fuselfreien Tuch oder einem Linsenreinigungstuch ab,
aber ohne dabei die Oberfläche des Prismas ganz trocken zu
wischen, da eventuell auf dem Meßprisma verbleibende
Reststoffe die Meß-Leistung beeinträchtigen können.
2. Wählen Sie den erwünschten Modus mit dem ModusUmschalter.
3. Geben Sie eine Flüssigkeitsprobe auf die Oberfläche des
Meßprismas. Benutzen Sie dazu eine Glaspipette. Schließen Sie
den Prismadeckel und richten Sie den Beleuchter-Schwenkarm
so aus, daß die freie Fläche des oberen Prismas voll beleuchtet
ist.
4. Drehen Sie das Dispersions-Korrekturrad bis das
Fadenkreuzeinstellloch direkt nach unten zeigt.
Dispersions-Korrekturrad
Verstellbares Okular
Fadenkreuz-EinstellLoch
Meßwert-und
Temperaturanzeige
Temperatur-Taste
Temperatur-Taste
Taste
Wahlschalter
Prisma-Oberfläche
Beleuchter-
Schwenkarm
Einstrellrad
Rechte Außeuseite
AAbbbb.. 11
Fadenkreuz-Einstell Loc
AAbbbb.. 22
Deutsch
11
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