Lecroy LW400A-OM2 User Manual
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Arbitrary Waveform Generator Users Guide
1. General
Installation and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
2. Introductory Tutorial
Creating a simple Arbitrary Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
3. Waveform Viewing
Waveform Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Display Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Zooming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310
4. Live Waveform Manipulation
Time Cursors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Voltage Cursors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Edit Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Move Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Edit Amplitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
5. Insert Wave
From Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Standard Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Other Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526
6. Waveform Editing
Clearing the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Editor Properties and Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Insert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
Cut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
Paste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
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Table of Contents
7. Sequence Waveforms
Sequence Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Sequence Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Group Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .711
8. Waveform Math
Dual Waveform Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
9. Adding Noise to A Waveform
Adding noise on the LW400/LW400A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
Adding Noise on the LW400B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
Controlling Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
10. Project Structure
Project Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105
Project Export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
11. Hardcopy
Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Storing Graphics Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
File Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
12. Importing & Exporting Waveform Files
Spreadsheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
MathCad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1210
PSpice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1212
MatLab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1213
EasyWave File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1215
LeCroy Scope File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1216
Other Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1217
Exporting Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1218
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Table of Contents
13. Setting the Clock
LW400 Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132
LW400A/B Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136
External ReferenceSynchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
14. Marker
Programming the Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142
Clocking with the Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144
15. Trigger
Trigger Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
16. Interfaces
Centronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162
GPIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163
17. Function Generator
Standard Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172
18. Disk Utilites
Floppy Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182
Appendix A: Measurement Functions Description
Appendix B: WaveStation Specifications
Appendix C: LW400-09A Digital Output Option
1-1
GENERAL INFORMATION
Warranty LeCroy warrants operation under normal use for a period of one
year from the date of shipment. Replacement parts and repairs
are warranted for 90 days. Accessory products not manufactured
by LeCroy are covered by the original equipment manufacturers
warranties.
In exercising this warranty, LeCroy will repair or, at its option,
replace any product returned to the factory or an authorized service
facility within the warranty period only if the warrantors examination discloses that the product is defective due to workmanship or
materials and the defect has not been caused by misuse, neglect,
accident, or abnormal conditions or operations.
The purchaser is responsible for transportation and insurance
charges. LeCroy will return all in-warranty products with transportation prepaid.
This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied,
including but not limited to any implied warranty of merchantability,
fitness, or adequacy for any particular purpose or use. LeCroy
Corporation shall not be liable for any special, incidental, or consequential damages, whether in contract or otherwise.
Product Assistance Help with installation, calibration, and the use of LeCroy products
is available from your local LeCroy office or a LeCroy customer
service center.
Maintenance Agreements LeCroy offers a choice of customer support services to meet your
individual needs. Extended warranty maintenance agreements let
you budget maintenance costs after the initial warranty has
expired. Other services such as installation, training, calibration,
enhancements and on-site repair are available through specific
Supplemental Support Agreements. Contact your local LeCroy
office or a LeCroy customer service center for details.
1
RETURN A PRODUCT
FOR SERVICE OR REPAIR If you do need to return a LeCroy product, identify it for us using
both its model and serial numbers (see rear of instrument).
Describe the defect or failure, and provide your name and contact
number. For factory returns, use a Return Authorization Number
(RAN), obtainable from customer service. Attach it so that it can be
clearly seen on the outside of the shipping package to ensure
rapid redirection within LeCroy. Return those products requiring
only maintenance to your customer service center.
Within the warranty period, transportation charges to the factory
will be your responsibility, while all in-warranty products will be
returned to you with transport prepaid by LeCroy. Outside the
warranty period, you will have to provide us with a purchase-order
number before the work can be done. And you will be billed for
parts and labor related to the repair work, as well as for shipping.
You should pre-pay return shipments. LeCroy cannot accept COD
(Cash On Delivery) or Collect Return shipments. We recommend
using air-freight.
TIP: If you need to return your WaveStation, try to use the original
shipping carton. If this is not possible, the carton used should be
rigid and be packed so that that the product is surrounded by a
minimum of four inches, or 10 cm, of shock-absorbent material.
Software Upgrades To determine the software revision presently installed:
1) press 2nd then soft key on the front panel.
2) press Page Down
3) observe SW Rev: line on the display
To update Revision: 1) Turn off instrument power
2) Insert floppy disk
3) Power on instrument and the firmware will be updated
1-2
General Information
1-3
Installation and Safety
Operating Environment The WaveStation will operate to its specifications if the environ-
ment is maintained within the following parameters:
Temperature: 5° to 35° C to full specifications,
0° to 40° C operating, -20° to 70° C
non-operating
Humidity: 10% to 80% non-condensing
Altitude: < 2000 Meters (6560 ft)
Operation: Indoor use only
This equipment complies to Safety Standards per EN 61010-1
(Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control, and Laboratory Use). It has been been qualified to the
following EN 61010-1 categories:
Installation (Overvoltage) Category II
Pollution Degree 2.
Safety Symbols Where these symbols or indications appear on the front or rear
panels, and in this manual, they have the following meanings:
CAUTION: Refer to accompanying documents (for Safety-related
information). See elsewhere in this manual wherever the symbol is
present, as indicated in the Table of Contents.
On (Supply) Off (Supply)
Alternating Current Only CAUTION, Risk of electric shock
Protective Conductor Terminal Earth Terminal
WARNING Denotes a hazard. If a WARNING is indicated on the instrument,
do not proceed untils its conditions are understood and met.
x
~
1-4
Any use of this instrument in a manner not specified by the
manufacturer may impair the instruments safety protection.
The WaveStation has not been designed for use in making direct
measurements on the human body. Users who connect a
WaveStation directly to a person do so at their own risk.
Power Requirements The WaveStation operates from a 115 V (90 to 132 V) or 230 V
(180 to 250 V) AC (~) power source at 47 Hz to 63 Hz. No
voltage selection is required, since the instrument automatically
adapts to the line voltage present.
The power supply of the WaveStation is protected against shortcircuit and overload by means of one internal 5.0A/250 V ~,
"T" rated fuse. The fuse is not replaceable by the user.
The WaveStation has been designed to operate from a singlephase power source, with one of the current-carrying conductors
(neutral conductor) at ground (earth) potential. Maintain the ground
line to avoid an electric shock.
None of the current-carrying conductors may exceed 250 V rms
with respect to ground potential. The WaveStation is provided with
a three-wire electrical cord containing a three-terminal polarized
plug for mains voltage and safety ground connection. The plug's
ground terminal is connected directly to the frame of the unit. For
adequate protection against electrical hazard, this plug must be
inserted into a mating outlet containing a safety ground contact.
Power On Connect the WaveStation to the power outlet and switch it on by
pressing the power switch located on the front panel. After the
instrument is switched on, a self test is peformed. The full testing
procedure takes approximately 30 seconds, after which time a
display will appear on the screen.
Do not exceed the maximum specified input voltage levels. (See
appendix B for details.)
Warning
Installation and Safety
1-5
Installation and Safety
Risk of electrical shock: No user serviceable parts inside. Leave
repair to qualified personnel.
Cleaning And Maintenance Maintenance and repairs should be carried out exclusively by a
LeCroy technician. Cleaning should be limited to the exterior of the
instrument only, using a damp, soft cloth. Do not use chemicals or
abrasive elements. Under no circumstances should moisture be
allowed to penetrate the WaveStation. To avoid electric shocks,
disconnect the instrument from the power supply before cleaning.
Service Procedure Refer any servicing requiring removal of exterior enclosure panels
to qualified LeCroy service personnel. Be prepared to describe the
problem in detail. Prior to returning a unit please obtain a Return
Authorization Number (RAN) from the LeCroy Customer Care Center
in New York at (914) 578-6020 or the LeCroy office nearest you.
If the product is under warranty, LeCroy will at its option, repair or
replace the LW400 Series at no charge. For repairs after the
warranty period, the customer must provide a Purchase Order
Number before the service engineer can initiate repairs. The
customer will be billed for the parts, labor and shipping..
Shipping Guidelines 1. First attach a tag to the instrument which indicates:
a. Return Authorization Number
b. Purchase Order number
c. Owners name and complete address
d. The service required including detailed operational problems
e. Person to contact for confirmation (include phone number)
2. Ship the unit in its original packaging.
3. Protect the finish by carefully wrapping the unit in polyethylene
sheeting.
4. Place adequate dunnage or urethane foam in the container
(approximately 4 inch depth) and place the wrapped unit on it.
Allow approximately four inches of space on all four sides and
the top of the unit.
5. Fasten the container with packaging tape and/or industrial
staples. Address the container to LeCroys service location
and include your return address.
CAUTION
1-6
Getting Started
How To Use This Manual
The LW400 Series arbitrary waveform generator is designed to be
operated without having to refer to this manual. This is made
possible by the intuitive controls and guiding menus. Most of the
arbitrary waveform generator functions are accessed using the
Operation Keys clustered around the rotary knob. The other push
buttons give access to the useful new features offered by this innovative instrument. A built-in Help library is provided for instant aid
in answering questions while operating the AWG.
It is suggested that this manual be used to:
1. Gain an overview of the instrument
2. Familiarize you with the terminology
3. Provide detailed descriptions of the various functions
4. Illustrate the use of the new features of the instrument
Perhaps the best way to use it is to read through the early sections
and then browse through the later chapters in order to become
familiar with the LW400s capabilities. The Table of Contents is
organized so that you can find the right information by locating the
things you want to do.
*Note: The LW400 Series includes the LW420, LW420A, and
LW420B dual channel and the LW410, LW410A, and LW410B
single channel arbitrary waveform generators (AWGs). At times the
designation LW400 is used to describe features common to all
models. At other times specific reference is made to the LW400A
and the LW400B Series.
WaveStation Arbitrary
Waveform Generator The LeCroy LW400 makes it easy to create and edit waveforms
The LW400 combines complete on board word proccessor like cut,
copy and paste, waveform editing with live waveform feature manipulation and waveform generation. Salient benefits include:
1. 100 psec feature placement resolution
2. 400 MS/s maximum sample clock for each channel
1-7
Getting Started
3. Sample Clock:
LW400 series sample clock rate is selectable within five
decade ranges as describedsee chapter13
LW400A and the LW400B series sample clock is continuosly
variable from 6 KHz to 400 MHz with a 1 Hz resolutionsee
chapter 13
4. 100 MHz analog bandwidth
5. Fast Switch Group Sequence mode switches waveforms in
< 11 ms minimizing test execution time.
6. 1 channel (LW410/LW410A/LW410B) and 2 channel
(LW420/LW420A/lw420B) versions
7. Live update of waveform output
8. Stand alone design, no PC required
9. Waveform Data formats for Spreadsheets, PSpice,
MathCad, MatLab, ASCII, and others
10. Up to 1 megabyte of playback memory (256 k standard)
11. Hard Disk of >400 Mbyte standard
12. 3.5 DOS compatible floppy disk for waveforms, sequence,
equators, and projects, file transfer and storage
13. GPIB
14. SCPI compatible command set
15. Centronics hard copy interfaces
16. Internal Asynchronous noise source on the LW400 and
LW400A series (not available on the LW400B series).
1-8
Getting Started
Accessories Supplied This Operators Manual
Remote Programmers Manual
Power Cord for country of destination
Protective Front Cover
Firmware Installation Disk
Available Accessories
LS-RM Rackmount Kit
LS400-SM Service Manual
LS-CART Oscilloscope Cart
LS-TRANS Hardshell Transit Case
LS-SOFT Softshell Carrying Bag
DC-GPIB 2 meter GPIB cable
Options
LW420-ME2 1 Mbyte Memory
LW410-ME2 1 Mbyte Memory
LW400-HD1 >400 Mbyte HDD
LW400-09A Digital Output
Organization This manual is organized by application topics (e.g.,VIEWING WAVE-
FORMS and WAVEFORM EDITING) in order to provide rapid access
to those areas of most use. When specific information concerning
the operation of a particular push button or control is needed refer
to the index of this guide or use the LW400 built-in HELP facility.
Using the Front
Panel Controls The LW400 Getting Started Guide, which follows, describes the
basic operation of the LW400 series arbitrary waveform generators.
Use it interactively with the tutorial in section 2 for a fast introduction to LW400 operations.
1-9
Getting Started
Welcome to the LeCroy WaveStation LW400 arbitrary waveform
generator (AWG) Getting Started Guide. This guide offers a quick
overview of basic LW400 operations. The Getting Started Guide is
intended for a fast introduction or a brief review, more complete
details are available in the following sections of the LW400
Operators Manual.
The WaveStation Concept
The WaveStation Concept is unique among arbitrary waveform
generators in that it is designed to make waveform creation an
interactive process. Waveforms can be created and modified
continually with an observable, live response at the outputs.
The best place to start when learning to use the LW400 is to look
at the conceptual block diagram, shown below.
Figure 1.2 Block Diagram
1-10
Central to the operation of an AWG is waveform creation and modification. This operation is done in the WaveStations editor which
includes 3 workspaces. The channel 1 and channel 2 edit workspaces drive the respective outputs. The connection is direct and
permits live updates of the output as the waveform is changed.
The scratch pad area is an off-line, utility edit workspace. The EDIT
control group on the front panel provides access to operations in
the edit work spaces. Waveform selection, creation, and modification are all EDIT functions.
When a workspace is selected the current waveform contents are
displayed on the internal CRT display. The VIEW control group
provides control of the display parameters, time and voltage
cursors, as well as hardcopy operations.
The output operations, like filtering and the addition of additive
white noise, are controlled by the CHAN1 and CHAN2 controls.
The SAVE and PROJECT controls are used to move waveforms
between the hard disk or floppy disk and the edit workspace. In
addition to its waveform file management role PROJECT includes
control of system related operations such as the real time clock
and control of the remote interfaces.
Getting Started
1-11
Front Panel Controls
LW420 Front Panel Layout
*Note the front panel of the LW410/LW410A is similar to the
LW420/LW420A except that all controls related to channel 2 are
removed.
Figure 1.3 Front Panel Layout
1-12
The LW400 WaveStation is a menu driven instrument. Push button
controls on the front panel bring up related menus on the CRT
display. The LW400 is controlled through the selection and/or
entry of the desired parameters in the menus.
1. The controls on the LW400 front panel are
divided into functionally related groups. For
example:
The VIEW Group controls display related functions including hardcopy and the measurement
of waveforms on the CRT Screen.
The EDIT Group controls waveform selection,
editing, and modification.
The CHAN 1 and CHAN 2 buttons are used to control
the channel related elements of the output such as
turning channel output on or off, adding noise, or
setting the output channel bandwidth.
2. The rotary control knob is used to select menu items
or to scroll through numeric parameters within a
menu item. The DIGIT select buttons set the rate of change of
the rotary knob by selecting the digit of the numeric value to be
modified.
Front Panel Controls
DISPLAY
1-13
3. The numeric keypad
allows precise entry of
numeric data into menu
fields. Unit multiplier,
enter keys p, n, µ, m
ENTER, k, and M are
used to attach the
appropriate unit multipliers to the values
being entered.
4. Dedicated controls are permanently labeled to indicate their
function.
5. Dual function controls have a secondary function indicated by
a red label printed above the control. The second function is
accessed by first pressing the red push button labeled 2ND
and then pressing the desired button.
6. Information on the function of each front panel button is readily
available by pressing the Help button followed by the desired
button or softkey.
7. The functions of the Menu or Softkeys, located
adjacent to the CRT display, are indicated by menu
labels shown on the display.
8. The rotary knob symbol appearing adjacent to a softkey
label, on the CRT, indicates that the parameter
described in the label may be varied using the rotary knob.
The keypads symbol appearing next to a softkey label, on the
CRT, indicates that the parameter described in the label can
be entered or changed using the front panel numeric keypad.
9. Softkey labels with a shadow box effect, such as the Marker
label in the figure above, have additional menu items behind
the label. Pressing the corresponding softkey again will list all
the choices for that item.
Front Panel Controls
1-14
The LW400 Display The main elements of the LW400 CRT display are shown in the
figure below. The display annotation summarizes the current state
of the generator including the date and time. Hardcopy capabilities allow the CRT display to be saved to a printer, plotter, or
graphics file for notebooks or test procedure documentation.
The Display
Figure 1.4
Waveform Locator
Trigger Mode
1-15
Rear Panel Connections
Rear Panel Connections
Note: The digital output connectors for ECL and TTL are not present
if the LW400-09A Digital Output option is not installed.
1-16
Using the LW400 as a
Function Generator The LW400 includes a function generator mode offering
Sine, Square, Triangle, Ramp, Pulse, DC, and Multi-tone
waveforms. The frequency of the periodic waveforms can
be swept linearly or logarithmically using user entered
sweep rate, and start/stop frequencies.
1. Select the function generator mode by pressing the
red 2nd button and then selecting the desired
channel. The Function Gen menu will be displayed
allowing the selection of desired waveform, amplitude, offset, start phase, and frequency by means
of the softkeys and/or numeric keypad.
2. Pressing the menu softkey labeled Sweep will alternately turn the frequency sweep on and off as
indicated by the toggle switch icon. Pushing the
Sweep Param menu key allows control of the
sweep parameters.
3. Pressing the Chan 1 (or 2) button on the front
panel allows access to the CH1 (or 2) menu.
4. The channel 1 (or 2) output can be turned on or off
using the menu key labeled Output.
5. The bandwidth of either channels output can be
controlled in decade steps from 10 kHz to 100
MHz. Bandwidth is automatically selected but the
user may choose to override this selection.
6. Gaussian white noise can be added to the signal as a
percentage of the peak to-peak signal level.
LW400 as a Function Generator
1-17
Figure 1.5
Generating Arbitrary Waveforms From Existing Waveform Files
Arbitrary waveforms can be generated from an existing waveform
file or from a sequence of files described by a waveform sequence.
The EDIT group on the front panel is used to select an existing
waveform and output it.
1. Depress the SELECT WAVE button in the EDIT group.
2. Press the menu key corresponding to the waveform label in
either Channel 1 or Channel 2. Use the rotary control knob to
select the desired waveform filename which will be displayed and
simultaneously output, as shown in figure 1.5. Its that simple!
3. The LED indicator next to the CHANNEL 1 (or 2) output connector
is green when the waveform is being ouput and red when it is off.
To control the output press the CHAN1 (or 2) button.
4. Push the menu button labeled Output, in the CH1 menu, to
toggle the channel 1 output on or off.
Generating Arbitrary Waveforms
1-18
Recalling Other Waveforms
or Sequences
Waveform files and sequences are stored in the LW400s internal
hard drive under a dual level file system characterized by a project
name and a waveform or sequence filename. This permits multiple
users to each have their own set of independent waveform files.
To recall a specific waveform you have to select the project it has
been stored in and then the waveform or sequence filename.
1. Press the PROJECT button.
2. Push the button labeled Open in the PROJECT
menu to see the existing project names.
3. Use the rotary knob to select the desired project,
then press the Accept menu key.
4. Use SELECT WAVE, as shown previously, to see the available
waveforms.
Recalling Other Waveforms
1-19
Creating a New Arbitrary
Waveform Using
Standard Waveforms The LeCroy WaveStation LW400 offers many techniques for
creating arbitrary waveforms. They can be imported from oscilloscopes, or common mathematics programs. They can be created
from built in libraries of standard waveforms, or from mathematical
equations. A full complement of waveform editing, modification,
and array math capabilities allows existing waveforms to be used
as sources of new waveforms. Waveforms are created in the
currently open project, instructions for creating a new project are
found in the following section.
1. Depress the SELECT WAVE button in the
EDIT group.
2. Press the menu key marked NEW to create a new waveform
name in either channel 1, or channel 2, or scratch pad.
3. Enter the desired waveform name, up to 14 characters long,
then press the Accept softkey.
4. Press the front panel EDIT
button to access the waveform and sequence edit
functions.
5. Press the softkey labeled
Insert Wave to access the
waveform sources.
6. The Insert Wave menu
allows the choice of
acquiring the waveform from
a digital oscilloscope, using
the standard waves
libraries, creating a waveform from an equation, or
inserting another waveform.
Creating a New Waveform
1-20
7. Press the menu key corresponding to the Standard Waves
label. The LW400 will display a menu listing the standard
waveform library.
8. The Sine menu, typical of the standard waveform setup menus, shows the waveform
parameters that are available to control the
standard waveform.
Select the menu softkey adjacent to the
desired parameter and then use the rotary
knob or the numeric keypad to enter the value
needed. After all the parameters have been
entered, press the Accept softkey to create
the waveform.
9. The LED indicator next to the CHANNEL 1 (or
2) output connector is green when the waveform is being output and red when it is off. To turn the output
on press the CHAN1 (or 2) button.
10. Push the menu button labeled Output, in the CH1 (or 2) menu,
to toggle the channel 1 (2) ouput on or off.
Starting a New Project Projects provide individual work and storage areas,
especially helpful when multiple users share the
AWG. To create a new project:
1. Press the PROJECT button.
2. Press the NEW softkey to enter a new project
name, just as the waveform name was entered
previously, and then press the Accept menu key.
New Project
1-21
Saving a Waveform After creating a new waveform it is a good practice to save the
waveform to the LW400s internal hard drive. The waveform is
stored in the current project with a user assigned filename.
1. Press the SAVE button on the front panel to display
the SAVE WAVEFORM menu.
2. The name of the currently selected waveform will appear in the
menu item labeled Waveform. To save the waveform using
this name press the menu keyed marked Save It.
3. To change the name of the waveform, press the menu key
labeled Save As. This will bring up the SAVE AS menu allowing
the entry of a new waveform file name. After renaming the
waveform press the Accept menu key.
New Project
1-22
Using Display Zoom The display zoom controls are used to setup the display horizontal
and vertical scaling and position. These controls only affect the
display of the waveform and not the waveform itself.
1. Push the front panel ZOOM button to display the ZOOM Trace
Menu.
2. Pressing the softkeys labeled Horz Center, Horz Time/Div, Vert
Center, and Vert Volts/Div allows the respective display parameter to be set using either the rotary knob or the numeric
keypad.
3. Pressing the menu key marked Display All will automatically
scale and position the waveform so that all of it is displayed.
4. The Zoom to Cursor menu selection will automatically scale
and position the portion of the waveform between the left and
right time cursors to fill the display area between 10% and
90% of the horizontal axis.
5. Selecting the Zoom Previous softkey restores the last zoom
setting. This is used to quickly toggle between alternate
display settings.
Display Zoom
1-23
Using Display Controls
to Setup the Waveform
Display The Display controls are used to setup the type of display, the
display Grid Style, and the waveform and grid intensity.
1. The display control menu is accessed by first
pressing the red 2NDbutton on the front panel
followed by pressing the DISPLAY/ZOOM button.
2. Pushing the menu key labeled Type allows the
selection of one of 4 different grid types.
Pressing the Type menu key a second time will
show all the available selections.
3. In a similar manner, the
LW400 display can be setup
in any of 3 different grid styles
using the Grid Style menu key.
4. Pressing the menu key
labeled Intensity allows the
intensity of the displayed
waveform and its associated annotation to be varied using the
rotary control knob or the numeric keypad. The range of intensity values is from 1% to 100%.
5. Similarly, the Grid Intensity softkey allows the intensity of the
selected grid to be varied between 1% and 100% using the
keypad or rotary knob.
6. Two system related display functions, the Screen Saver and
the Time/Date display, are controlled using the System
Preference menu. Since these are seldom used controls.
They are grouped with other system related controls within the
project group. This is described in the section on setting the
system configuration.
Setup Waveform Display
1-24
Using Time And
Voltage Cursors The dual time and voltage cursors of the LW400 provide calibrated
readout of the time or voltage amplitude of any position on a waveform. Both absolute and relative measurement readouts are
shown on the LW400 display. Time cursors also are used to select
specific regions, for all edit operations.
The adjacent figure shows both the time and voltage cursors. The
waveform values at each cursor are displayed in the cursor readout
field in the lower left corner of the CRT screen.
1. Push the TIME CURSOR button on the front panel to
display the TIME CURSOR menu.
2. The menu key marked with Time Cursors toggle switch icon is
used to turn the time cursors on and off. The default condition
is On.
Figure 1.6
Cursors
Volt Bottom Cursor
Volt Top Cursor
Time Right Cursor
Time Left Cursor
1-25
3. In the track mode the right time cursor follows the left time
cursor by a constant, user set, Delta. The track mode is
controlled by the menu key labeled Track. The track toggle
switch icon shows the state of the track mode.
4. The Time Left and Time Right menu keys are used to select
and position the respective time cursors using the rotary knob
or the numeric keypad. Time Cursor locations are entered in
seconds.
5. Pressing the menu key marked Select All will move the left and
right time cursors to the beginning and end of the waveform,
respectively. Note that if the waveform extends beyond the
display the cursors may seem to disappear.
6. The Cursors to Grid menu key is used to bring the cursors to
fixed positions on the current display. Pressing this menu key
will force the left cursor to the 10% point and the right cursor
to the 90% point of the display.
7. Depressing the menu key labeled Cursor to end will position
both left and right time cursor at the end of the waveform.
8. Press the VOLT CURSOR button on the front panel
to display the VOLT CURSOR menu.
9. The menu key marked with Volt Cursors toggle switch icon is
used to turn the time cursors on and off. The default condition
of the Voltage Cursor is Off.
10. In the track mode the top voltage cursor follows the bottom
voltage cursor by a constant, user set, amplitude difference
(Delta). The track mode is controlled by the menu key labeled
Track. The track toggle switch icon shows the state of the
track mode.
The Volt Top and Volt Bottom menu keys are used to select
and position the respective voltage cursors using the rotary
knob or the numeric keypad. Volt Cursor locations are entered
in units of Volts.
Cursors
1-26
11. The Cursors to grid menu key is used to bring the voltage
cursors to fixed positions on the current display. Pressing this
menu key will force both the top and bottom cursors to first
major graticule division inside the upper and lower limits of the
display. The figure below shows the positions of both the Time
and Volt cursors after pressing the Cursors to grid menu keys.
Cursors
Figure 1.7
Volt Top Cursor
Volt Bottom Cursor
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