Lantronix EPS, LPS, MPS Reference Manual
Print Server Reference Manual
For the Lantronix Family of Ethernet Print Servers
The information in this guide may change without notice. The manufacturer assumes no responsibility for any errors
which may appear in this guide.
UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Ethern et is a tra demark of XEROX Corpo ration. DE C and LAT
are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. Centronics is a registered tra demark of Centronics Data Compu t er
Corp. PostScript is a trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc. NetWare is a trademark of Novell Corp. AppleTalk, Chooser,
and Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer Corp. LaserJet and Bitronics are trademarks of Hewlett Packard.
Windows is a trademark of Microsoft.
Copyright 2000, Lantronix. All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be transmitted or reproduced
in any form or by any means without the written permission of Lantron ix. Printed in the United States of America.
The revision date for this manual is 30, October 2000.
Part Number: 900-065A
Rev. A
WARNING
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of
FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when operating in a
commercial environment. Th is equipment g enerates, us es, and can r adiate radio fr equency energy, and if not installed
and used in accordance with this guide, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference in which case the user, at his or her own
expense, will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct the interference.
Changes or modifications to this device not explicitly approved by Lantronix will void the user’s authority to operate
this device.
Cet appareil doit se soumettre avec la section 15 des statuts et règlemen ts de FCC. Le fonctionn ement est subjecté aux
conditions suiv ant es :
(1) Cet appareil ne doit pas causer une interférence malfaisante.
(2) Cet appareil doît accepter n'importé quelle interférence reìue qui peut causer uneopération indésirable.
i
Contents
1: Introduction............................................................................................................. 1-1
1.1 Product Overview.......................................................................................................................1-1
1.2 Protocol Support.........................................................................................................................1-1
1.3 Terms..........................................................................................................................................1-2
1.4 Server Features ...........................................................................................................................1-2
1.5 How To Use This Manual...........................................................................................................1-4
2: Concepts .................................................................................................................2-1
2.1 Services.......................................................................................................................................2-1
2.2 Network Protocols......................................................................................................................2-1
2.3 AppleTalk ...................................................................................................................................2-1
2.3.1 Addressing..................................................................................................................2-2
2.3.2 Zones...........................................................................................................................2-2
2.3.3 Name Binding Protocol (NBP)...................................................................................2-3
2.4 LAN Manager.............................................................................................................................2-3
2.4.1 Networking.................................................................................................................2-3
2.5 LAT.............................................................................................................................................2-4
2.6 TCP/IP ........................................................................................................................................2-5
2.6.1 IP Addresses ...............................................................................................................2-5
2.6.2 Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP)...................................................................2-6
2.6.3 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).......................................................2-6
2.6.4 Reverse Telnet (RTEL)...............................................................................................2-7
2.6.5 LPR Support ...............................................................................................................2-7
2.6.6 TCP/IP Utilities and Commands ............................................. ...................................2-7
2.7 NetWare .....................................................................................................................................2-8
2.7.1 Networking.................................................................................................................2-8
2.7.2 Access Lists................................................................................................................2-9
2.8 PostScript....................................................................................................................................2-9
2.9 Security.....................................................................................................................................2-10
2.9.1 Event Reporting/Logging .........................................................................................2-10
3: Getting Started........................................................................................................ 3-1
3.1 Configuration Methods...............................................................................................................3-1
3.1.1 EZWebCon.................................................................................................................3-1
3.1.2 Using a Web Browser.................................................................................................3-2
3.1.3 Command Line Interface............................................................................................3-2
3.2 Entering and Editing Commands................................................................................................3-3
3.3 Restricted Commands.................................................................................................................3-4
3.4 Command Types.........................................................................................................................3-4
3.4.1 Set and Define.............................................................................................................3-4
3.4.2 Show, Monitor, and List.............................................................................................3-5
3.4.3 Clear and Purge...........................................................................................................3-5
3.5 Abbreviating Keywords..............................................................................................................3-5
3.6 Maintenance Issues.....................................................................................................................3-5
Contents
ii
3.6.1 Changing the Server Name.........................................................................................3-6
3.6.2 Changing the Server Prompt.......................................................................................3-6
3.6.3 Rebooting the Server..................................................................................................3-6
3.6.4 Restoring Factory Defaults.........................................................................................3-7
3.6.5 Reloading Operational Software.................................................................................3-7
3.7 Editing the Boot Parameters.......................................................................................................3-7
3.8 System Passwords.......................................................................................................................3-8
3.8.1 Privileged Password....................................................................................................3-8
3.8.2 Login Password .......................................................................................................... 3-9
3.8.3 Maintenance Password...............................................................................................3-9
3.9 Configuration Files.....................................................................................................................3-9
3.9.1 Using EZWebCon.....................................................................................................3-10
3.9.2 Without EZWebCon.................................................................................................3-10
4: Server Configuration..............................................................................................4-1
4.1 General Server Parameters..........................................................................................................4-1
4.1.1 Enabling Incoming Connections.................................................................................4-1
4.1.2 Enabling Server-Wide Port Characteristics................................................................4-1
4.1.3 Enabling Announcements...........................................................................................4-2
4.2 AppleTalk Server Parameters.....................................................................................................4-2
4.3 LAT Server Parameters .............................................................................................................. 4-3
4.3.1 Server Identification ................................................................................................... 4-3
4.3.2 Network Timers..........................................................................................................4-3
4.3.3 Node Limit..................................................................................................................4-3
4.4 NetWare Server Parameters........................................................................................................4-4
4.4.1 Routing and Encapsulation.........................................................................................4-4
4.4.2 NetWare Access Lists.................................................................................................4-4
4.5 TCP/IP Server Parameters..........................................................................................................4-5
4.5.1 IP Address...................................................................................................................4-5
4.5.2 Other TCP/IP Parameters ...........................................................................................4-5
4.5.3 Host Limit...................................................................................................................4-6
4.6 Creating Services........................................................................................................................4-6
4.6.1 Creating a Simple Service (A Line Printer)................................................................4-7
4.6.2 Setting Up a Service With Group Codes....................................................................4-8
4.6.3 TCP/Telnet Service Sockets .......................................................................................4-8
4.6.4 Enabling Other Service Options.................................................................................4-9
4.6.5 Setting Up a Modem Service....................................................................................4-10
4.7 Security.....................................................................................................................................4-10
4.7.1 Controlling Incoming Sessions.................................................................................4-11
4.7.2 IP Security Table......................................................................................................4-11
4.7.3 SNMP Security.........................................................................................................4-13
4.8 Event Logging...........................................................................................................................4-13
4.8.1 Configuring Host Types ...........................................................................................4-13
4.8.2 Host Name Formats..................................................................................................4-13
4.8.3 Event Classes............................................................................................................4-14
5: Ports.........................................................................................................................5-1
5.1 Port Commands...........................................................................................................................5-1
5.1.1 Port Access.................................................................................................................5-1
5.1.2 Serial Configuration.................................................................................................... 5-2
Contents
iii
5.1.3 Virtual Ports................................................................................................................5-4
5.2 Other Port Characteristics...........................................................................................................5-5
5.2.1 DTRwait .....................................................................................................................5-5
5.2.2 Port Names..................................................................................................................5-5
5.3 Security.......................................................................................................................................5-5
5.3.1 Password Restrictions.................................................................................................5-5
5.3.2 Preventing Access Until DSR Is Asserted..................................................................5-6
5.3.3 Automatic Logouts.....................................................................................................5-6
6: Using the Server.....................................................................................................6-1
6.1 Logging In and Out.....................................................................................................................6-1
6.1.1 Logging In ..................................................................................................................6-1
6.1.2 Logging Out................................................................................................................6-1
6.2 Configuring Your Port................................................................................................................6-1
6.2.1 Privileged Port Commands.........................................................................................6-1
6.3 Local Server Commands.............................................................................................................6-2
6.3.1 Logout.........................................................................................................................6-2
6.3.2 Test Port......................................................................................................................6-2
6.4 Status Displays............................................................................................................................6-2
7: TCP/IP Host Setup..................................................................................................7-1
7.1 Selecting A Printing Method......................................................................................................7-1
7.2 LPR Printing...............................................................................................................................7-2
7.2.1 LPR Basics..................................................................................................................7-3
7.2.2 LPR on Windows NT 3.5.1 (and later).......................................................................7-4
7.2.3 LPR on AIX Hosts......................................................................................................7-6
7.2.4 LPR on HP Hosts........................................................................................................7-8
7.2.5 LPR on SCO UNIX Hosts..........................................................................................7-9
7.2.6 LPR on Sun Solaris Hosts.........................................................................................7-10
7.3 Reverse Telnet (RTEL).............................................................................................................7-10
7.3.1 Components of RTEL...............................................................................................7-10
7.3.2 Installing Reverse Telnet Software...........................................................................7-11
7.3.3 Queueing with the RTEL Software..........................................................................7-12
7.3.4 Setting up the RTEL Backend Filter ........................................................................7-12
7.3.5 Setting up the RTEL Named Pipe Daemon..............................................................7-15
7.3.6 Creating a BSD Print Queue Using RTELPD..........................................................7-17
7.3.7 Creating a SYSV Print Queue Using RTELPD........................................................7-17
7.3.8 RTEL Troubleshooting............................................................................................. 7-18
7.4 TCP Socket Connections..........................................................................................................7-18
7.5 PostScript Configuration...........................................................................................................7-19
8: NetWare Host Setup............................................................................................... 8-1
8.1 Access Lists ................................................................................................................................8-1
8.2 Licensing NDS............................................................................................................................8-1
8.3 Printing .......................................................................................................................................8-2
8.3.1 Creating NDS Print Queues with PCONSOLE..........................................................8-3
8.3.2 Creating Print Queues with NetWare Administrator..................................................8-4
8.3.3 Creating Bindery Print Queues with QINST..............................................................8-6
8.3.4 Installing a Print Queue Using PCONSOLE..............................................................8-7
8.3.5 Configuring Rprinter ..................................................................................................8-9
Contents
iv
8.4 PCL...........................................................................................................................................8-15
8.5 PostScript..................................................................................................................................8-15
8.6 Troubleshooting........................................................................................................................8-15
8.6.1 QINST Print Queue Troubleshooting.......................................................................8-15
8.6.2 NDS Print Queue Troubleshooting...........................................................................8-16
8.6.3 NetWare Host Troubleshooting................................................................................8-18
9: LAT Host Setup.......................................................................................................9-1
9.1 Printing from LAT......................................................................................................................9-1
9.1.1 Printing to an Application Port...................................................................................9-1
9.1.2 Printing to a Service....................................................................................................9-2
9.1.3 Printing PostScript......................................................................................................9-3
9.1.4 Printing Using DCPS Software ..................................................................................9-4
9.2 Troubleshooting..........................................................................................................................9-4
9.2.1 VMS Printer Troubleshooting ....................................................................................9-4
9.2.2 VMS Host Troubleshooting........................................................................................9-6
10: AppleTalk Host Setup......................... ..... ..... .... ................................. ..... ............ 10-1
10.1 Configuration..........................................................................................................................10-1
10.1.1 Bitronics Interface ..................................................................................................10-1
10.1.2 Macintosh Service Configuration...........................................................................10-2
10.2 Printing from a Macintosh......................................................................................................10-2
10.2.1 Using AppleTalk on UNIX or VMS.......................................................................10-2
10.2.2 Using LaserPrep...................................................................................................... 10-2
10.2.3 Printing Bitmap Graphics.......................................................................................10-2
10.3 Troubleshooting Macintosh Printing......................................................................................10-3
10.3.1 General Troubleshooting........................................................................................ 10-3
10.3.2 Host Troubleshooting.............................................................................................10-5
11: LAN Manager Host Setup...................................................................................11-1
11.1 Printing Methods.....................................................................................................................11-1
11.1.1 DLC .......................................................................................................................11-1
11.1.2 NetBIOS .................................................................................................................11-3
11.2 Windows NT Troubleshooting...............................................................................................11-4
12: Command Reference..........................................................................................12-1
12.1 Overview.................................................................................................................................12-1
12.2 Command Line Interface........................................................................................................12-1
12.2.1 Command Completion............................................................................................12-1
12.2.2 Command Line Editing...........................................................................................12-2
12.3 Clear/Purge Commands..........................................................................................................12-2
12.3.1 Clear/Purge IPsecurity............................................................................................12-2
12.3.2 Clear/Purge Protocol NetWare Access...................................................................12-3
12.3.3 Clear/Purge Service................................................................................................12-3
12.3.4 Clear/Purge SNMP .................................................................................................12-4
12.4 Cls...........................................................................................................................................12-4
12.5 Crash 451................................................................................................................................12-5
12.6 Define......................................................................................................................................12-5
12.7 Fg............................................................................................................................................12-5
12.8 Finger......................................................................................................................................12-5
Contents
v
12.9 Help.........................................................................................................................................12-6
12.10 Initialize................................................................................................................................12-7
12.11 List........................................................................................................................................12-8
12.12 Logout...................................................................................................................................12-8
12.13 Man.......................................................................................................................................12-8
12.14 Mode.....................................................................................................................................12-8
12.15 Monitor .................................................................................................................................12-9
12.16 Netstat...................................................................................................................................12-9
12.17 Ping.......................................................................................................................................12-9
12.18 Purge...................................................................................................................................12-10
12.19 Remove Queue....................................................................................................................12-10
12.20 Save.....................................................................................................................................12-11
12.21 Set/Define IPsecurity..........................................................................................................12-12
12.22 Set/Define Logging.............................................................................................................12-13
12.23 Set Noprivileged................................................................................................................. 12-14
12.24 Set/Define Port Commands ................................................................................................12-15
12.24.1 Define Port Access .............................................................................................12-15
12.24.2 Set/Define Port Bitronics....................................................................................12-16
12.24.3 Set/Define Port Character Size...........................................................................12-16
12.24.4 Set/Define Port Command Completion.............................................................. 12-17
12.24.5 Set/Define Port DSRlogout.................................................................................12-17
12.24.6 Set/Define Port DTRwait....................................................................................12-18
12.24.7 Set/Define Port Flow Control............................................................................. 12-19
12.24.8 Set/Define Port Inactivity Logout.......................................................................12-20
12.24.9 Define Port Modem Control...............................................................................12-20
12.24.10 Set/Define Port Name.......................................................................................12-21
12.24.11 Set/Define Port Parity.......................................................................................12-21
12.24.12 Set/Define Port Passflow..................................................................................12-22
12.24.13 Set/Define Port Password .................................................................................12-22
12.24.14 Set/Define Port Printer......................................................................................12-23
12.24.15 Set/Define Port Signal Check...........................................................................12-23
12.24.16 Set/Define Port Speed.......................................................................................12-24
12.24.17 Set/Define Port Stop......................................................................................... 12-25
12.24.18 Set/Define Port Type........................................................................................12-25
12.24.19 Set/Define Port Username ................................................................................12-26
12.24.20 Set/Define Port Verification .............................................................................12-26
12.25 Set/Define Printer Type......................................................................................................12-27
12.26 Set Privileged/Noprivileged................................................................................................12-28
12.27 Set/Define Protocols Commands........................................................................................12-28
12.27.1 Define Protocols AppleTalk ............................................................................... 12-28
12.27.2 Define Protocols IP.............................................................................................12-29
12.27.3 Define Protocols LAN Manager.........................................................................12-30
12.27.4 Set/Define Protocols LAT..................................................................................12-30
12.27.5 Set/Define Protocols NetWare ............................................................................12-31
12.28 Set/Define Server Commands.............................................................................................12-34
12.28.1 Set/Define Server Announcements.....................................................................12-34
12.28.2 Set/Define Server Bootgateway..........................................................................12-35
12.28.3 Set/Define Server BOOTP..................................................................................12-35
12.28.4 Set/Define Server Buffering...............................................................................12-35
12.28.5 Set/Define Server Circuit Timer.........................................................................12-36
Contents
vi
12.28.6 Set/Define Server DHCP....................................................................................12-36
12.28.7 Set/Define Server Gateway................................................................................. 12-37
12.28.8 Set/Define Server Host Limit.............................................................................12-37
12.28.9 Set/Define Server Identification......................................................................... 12-38
12.28.10 Set/Define Server Inactivity Timer...................................................................12-38
12.28.11 Set/Define Server Incoming .............................................................................12-39
12.28.12 Set/Define Server IPaddress .............................................................................12-40
12.28.13 Set/Define Server Keepalive Timer..................................................................12-40
12.28.14 Set/Define Server Loadhost..............................................................................12-41
12.28.15 Set/Define Server Lock.....................................................................................12-41
12.28.16 Set/Define Server Login Password...................................................................12-42
12.28.17 Set/Define Server Maintenance Password........................................................12-42
12.28.18 Set/Define Server Multicast Timer...................................................................12-43
12.28.19 Set/Define Server Name ...................................................................................12-43
12.28.20 Set/Define Server NetWare Loadhost ..............................................................12-43
12.28.21 Set/Define Server NetWare Printserver............................................................12-44
12.28.22 Set Server NetWare Reset ................................................................................12-44
12.28.23 Set/Define Server Node Limit ..........................................................................12-45
12.28.24 Set/Define Server Password Limit....................................................................12-45
12.28.25 Set/Define Server Privileged Password............................................................12-46
12.28.26 Set/Define Server Prompt.................................................................................12-46
12.28.27 Set/Define Server Queue Limit ........................................................................12-47
12.28.28 Set/Define Server RARP ..................................................................................12-48
12.28.29 Set/Define Server Reload .................................................................................12-48
12.28.30 Set/Define Server Retransmit Limit .................................................................12-48
12.28.31 Set/Define Server Secondary............................................................................12-49
12.28.32 Set/Define Server Serial Delay.........................................................................12-49
12.28.33 Set/Define Server Service Groups....................................................................12-49
12.28.34 Define Server Silentboot...................................................................................12-50
12.28.35 Set/Define Server Software ..............................................................................12-50
12.28.36 Set/Define Server Startupfile............................................................................12-51
12.28.37 Set/Define Server Subnet Mask........................................................................12-52
12.29 Set/Define Service Commands...........................................................................................12-53
12.29.1 Set/Define Service..............................................................................................12-53
12.29.2 Set/Define Service AppleTalk............................................................................12-53
12.29.3 Set/Define Service Banner..................................................................................12-53
12.29.4 Set/Define Service Binary..................................................................................12-54
12.29.5 Set/Define Service Default .................................................................................12-54
12.29.6 Set/Define Service DLC.....................................................................................12-55
12.29.7 Set/Define Service EOJ ......................................................................................12-55
12.29.8 Set/Define Service Formfeed..............................................................................12-56
12.29.9 Set/Define Service Identification........................................................................12-56
12.29.10 Set/Define Service LAN Manager.................................................................... 12-57
12.29.11 Set/Define Service LAT ...................................................................................12-57
12.29.12 Set/Define Service NetWare.............................................................................12-57
12.29.13 Set/Define Service Password............................................................................12-58
12.29.14 Set/Define Service Ports...................................................................................12-58
12.29.15 Set/Define Service PostScript ...........................................................................12-59
12.29.16 Set/Define Service PSConvert..........................................................................12-59
12.29.17 Set/Define Service RTEL.................................................................................12-59
Contents
vii
12.29.18 Set/Define Service SOJ.....................................................................................12-60
12.29.19 Set/Define Service TCPport .............................................................................12-60
12.29.20 Set/Define Service Telnetport...........................................................................12-61
12.30 Set/Define SNMP ...............................................................................................................12-61
12.31 Show/Monitor/List Commands...........................................................................................12-62
12.31.1 Show/Monitor/List IPsecurity ............................................................................12-62
12.31.2 Show/Monitor/List Logging...............................................................................12-62
12.31.3 Show/Monitor/List Ports....................................................................................12-63
12.31.4 Show/Monitor/List Protocols..............................................................................12-64
12.31.5 Show/Monitor Queue..........................................................................................12-67
12.31.6 Show/Monitor/List Server..................................................................................12-68
12.31.7 Show/Monitor/List Services...............................................................................12-72
12.31.8 Show/Monitor/List SNMP..................................................................................12-72
12.31.9 Show/Monitor Users...........................................................................................12-73
12.31.10 Show Version....................................................................................................12-73
12.32 Source .................................................................................................................................12-73
12.33 Stty......................................................................................................................................12-74
12.34 Su........................................................................................................................................12-74
12.35 Test Loop............................................................................................................................12-75
12.36 Test Port..............................................................................................................................12-75
12.37 Test Service.........................................................................................................................12-76
12.38 Who.....................................................................................................................................12-77
12.39 Zero Counters .....................................................................................................................12-77
A: Contact Information...............................................................................................A-1
A.1 Problem Report Procedure........................................................................................................A-1
A.2 Full Contact Information...........................................................................................................A-1
B: Troubleshooting.....................................................................................................B-1
B.1 Power-up Troubleshooting........................................................................................................B-1
B.2 DHCP Troubleshooting.............................................................................................................B-2
B.3 BOOTP Troubleshooting..........................................................................................................B-2
B.4 RARP Troubleshooting.............................................................................................................B-3
B.5 Printing Problems......................................................................................................................B-3
B.6 PostScript Problems..................................................................................................................B-3
C: Updating Software .................................................................................................... 5
C.1 Obtaining Software .......................................................................................................................5
C.2 Reloading Software .......................................................................................................................6
C.3 Troubleshooting Flash ROM Updates..........................................................................................8
Glossary
Index
1-1
1: Introduction
1.1 Product Overview
The Lantronix Print Servers (EPS, MPS, and LPS models) are multi-protocol print servers that provide
shared network acces s to printers for a var iety of network protoc ols and operating sy stems. The print server s
generally support the TCP/IP, IPX (NetWare), and Local Ar ea Transport (LAT), Ap pleTalk (EtherTalk),
and Microsoft LAN Manager protocols. The y can queue multipl e pending jobs a nd service th ose jobs in th e
order in which they are received from hosts.
Note: The LPS does not support AppleTalk or LAT.
For a description of you r individual pr int serve r model, please ref er to the In stallatio n Guide that came with
your print server.
Lantronix server s store thei r executabl e software i n Flash (rewri table) ROM, mea ning that they do not hav e
to download software from a host each time they boot. Software must only be downloaded when a new
software version becomes available. See Appendix D for more information.
Note: In this manual, all se rvers will be r eferred to as “the Server” unless a distinction
needs to be made between models.
1.2 Protocol Support
The Server supports five industry-standard network protocols:
TCP/IP
TCP/IP is a widely-used protocol that can be run on networks with Macintoshes, PCs, and Unix
workstations. Server support includes Telnet, Rlogin, and the LPR and RTEL printing systems.
NetWare (IPX/SPX )
NetWare allows dev ices attac hed to the Server to act as net worked pri nters. The Ser ver supports all
NetWare frame types: Ethernet v2, Native Mode (802.3), 802.2, and 802.2 SNAP. In addition, it
supports both Bindery mode and NetWare Directory Services (NDS).
Local Area Transport (LAT)
LAT is a protocol developed by Digital Equip ment Corporati on for local netwo rk terminal connec tions and is supported on almost all Digital operating systems. It provides both logins to remote
hosts and host-initiated print spooling.
AppleTalk
AppleTalk allows networked Apple Macintosh comput ers to see devices attached to th e Server and
access them as they would any networked printer.
LAN Manager
The Server allows devices on LAN Manager networks to access networked printers. Systems running Windows NT can access the devices using the Digital Network Port for Windows NT or the
NetBIOS protocol.
Terms Introduction
1-2
1.3 Terms
In this manual, the following terms are used to describe parts of a network. See the Glossary for more
detailed explanations of these terms.
host A computer, sometimes referred to as a CPU, attached to the network. The
term host
node Any intelligent device directly connected to the Ethernet network and having
its own Ethernet addre sses, such a s a host, an Ethernet p rinter, or a t erminal o r
print server. Devices connected to the Server are not nodes.
service A resource that can be acc essed local ly or via the net work. For example, a host
is a service to which terminals can connect. The Server can offer its attached
printers to the network as services.
Local mode The Server user int erfac e, whi ch is used t o is sue c onfigu rati on command s and
establish sessions with services.
1.4 Server Features
AppleTalk Support
The Server provides Ethernet access to attached laser printers; Server print services appear in the
Macintosh Chooser window like any other printer on the network. Bi-directional communication
(either a serial or IEEE 1284 parallel interface) is required.
LAN Manager Support
The Server can be configured to appear as a print node to other LAN Manager nodes. Supported
systems include Windows NT and Windows 95.
LAT and Digital Compatibility
The Server supports LAT and TSM/NCP, mak ing it fully compatible with most Digi tal Equipmen t
Corporation operating environments.
NetWare Support
The Server is used primarily for print serving. The Server can also be configured and logged into
from a NetWare fileserve r, and can function as a print node for other NetWare fileservers.
TCP/IP and UNIX Compatibility
Almost all UNIX systems support Telnet, an established industry standard. Telnet can be used for
logging into the se rve r t o i ssue configuration commands . UNIX s ystems generally imple ment Rlogin as well, unless security considerations dictate that it be disabled at a particular site.
Small Size
The small, attract ive case is des igned to fit int o any office env ironment. Becaus e there is no int ernal
fan, the Server operates silently.
Ease of Use
The server’s Local mode su pports command line editing, command line recal l, and command completion. An extensive Help facility is also provided.
Introduction Server Features
1-3
Easy Configuration
The EZWebCon utility (provided on CD-ROM) allows users to configure the Server from a any
host machine running the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
Note: You must be Supervisor to run the EZWebCon utility on a NetWare client.
Remote Configu ration
The Server can be logged into and remotely configured using one of the following methods:
❍ Digital’s NCP and TSM facilities
❍ The Telnet c onsole port, similar to the NCP remote console
❍ The network login feature, which allows managers to log into the Server via TCP/IP, LAT, and
NetWare.
❍ EZWebCon, a configuration applic ation that ru ns on any host computer running the Java Virt ual
Machine (JVM).
Command Line Interface
A simple but powerful command interface is provided for both users and system managers. The
Server operating code i s downloaded automatical ly at power-up, making software upgrades as ea sy
as copying a file.
The Server stores its operating software permanently on-board, so it does not need to download
code unless new versions become ava ilable. Servers can also be configure d to request a downloaded
configuration file at boot time.
The Command Reference chapter o f this r eference manual desc ribes the commands a vailable in the
Server’s local command line mode. These commands control port and server configuration
Note: See the Command Reference for more information on the command line,
command recall, and command completion features.
Context-Sensitive Help
Context-sensiti ve on-line help is ava ilable at any poin t. You may type “HELP” b y itself for over all
help, “HELP command” for help on a specific command, or a partial command li ne f oll owed by a
question mark for help on what is appropriate at that particular point.
Note: See Help on page 12-6 for more information.
Host-Initiated Connections
The Server may be configured to provide its attached devices as services to other nodes, allowing
hosts to share printers. AppleTalk , LAN Manager, LAT, NetWare, and TCP/I P hosts can queue jobs
to Server services simulta neously. The optio nal RTEL host softwar e provides both pr inter backend
access and a named pipe interface to the Server from TC P/IP hosts.
Security
The Server includes several configurable security features. They include:
❍ Group codes, which allow the Server to act as a filter to li mit the user’s knowledge of, and access
to, specific services.
How To Use This Manual Introduction
1-4
❍ Automatic session logouts when a port is disconnected or a device is turned off.
❍ Password protection for privileges, ports, services, maintenance commands, and the remote
console.
DHCP Support
The Server can obtain an IP address from a DHCP server at boot time.
SNMP Support
The Server supports the Simple Netwo rk Management Protocol (S NMP), which can be used by network managers to monitor net work load and e rror condi tions. No ent erprise-s pecific MIBs are supplied by Lantronix.
Diagnostics
Power-up and interactive diagnostics help system managers troubleshoot network and serial line
problems.
1.5 How To Use This Manual
The rest of the chapters in this manual describe the features and commands of the Server. Information is
broken down as follows:
◆ Chapters 2 through 6 cover general functionality:
◆ Chapter 2, Concepts, explains the basic ideas behind Server operation.
◆ Chapter 3, Getting Started, explains available configuration methods, as well as steps needed for
reconfiguration and maintenance operation.
◆ Chapter 4, Server Configuration, explains server-wide configuration options, including protocol-
specific configuration and security issues.
◆ Chapter 5, Ports, details the port-specific configuration options
◆ Chapters 7 through 11 cover protocol-specific issues and troubleshooting:
❍ Chapter 7 covers TCP/IP Host Setup for LPR and RTEL printing.
❍ Chapter 8 covers NetWare Host Setup needed for printing.
❍ Chapter 9 covers LAT Host Setup for VMS printing.
❍ Chapter 10 covers AppleTalk Host Setup needed for printing.
❍ Chapter 11 c overs LAN Man ager Host Setup needed for p rinting.
◆ Chapter 12, Command Reference, lists the Server command set in detail, including syntax, options,
errors, examples, and where to find related information.
◆ Appendices provide supplementary information, including Technical Support contact information,
troubleshooting tips, and pinout information.
Note: Installation and cabling are covered in your Server’s Installation Guide.
2-1
2: Concepts
2.1 Services
Services are the basic method of connecting to the Server from any host or another server. In general, a
service is required on the Server before any job or connection queueing will take place. See the Server
Configuration chapter for details on creating and using services.
2.2 Network Protocols
A network protocol describ es the data contained in Ethernet packets. The network proto cols provided by the
Server are complete ly separate, other than the use of the Ethernet dat a layer. The fo llowing figure sh ows the
protocol stacks supported by the Server.
Figure 2-1: Supported Network Protocols
There are three different Ethernet frame formats, one of which is subdivided:
◆ What is typically called Ethernet is technically referred to as Ethernet v2. This is the default frame
type for most TCP/IP, LAT, and MOP/NCP protocol stacks. It can also be used for NetWare.
◆ The IEEE 802.2 frame format comes with either a regular or a SNAP SAP (Service Access Point).
AppleTalk uses the SNAP format by default. Both types can be used by NetWare.
◆ NetWare 2.x and 3.x stations, by def ault, do not use any of these fr ame types. They use a native mode
format that is being phased out.
2.3 AppleTalk
AppleTalk is a protocol used primarily by Apple Macintoshes to access network resources such as file
servers and printers. AppleTalk is also available for UNIX, NetWare, and other operating systems. The
AppleTalk protocol c an be run over Etherne t (EtherTalk), Token Ring (TokenTa lk), or LocalTal k, which is
a medium speed network type built into every Macintosh. These various network media can be connected
with AppleTalk routers to allow all nodes to communicate with one another. The AppleTalk protocol
supports features such as file sharing and security in addition to printing.
AppleTalk LAN Manager LAT NetWare TCP/IP
Printer
Access Protocol
SMB LAT NCP Telnet/ Rlo-
gin/ RTEL/
lpd
ATP NetBEUI SPX TCP
DDP IPX IP
Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 Data Layer
AppleTalk Concepts
2-2
The Server supports only th e Printer Access Protocol (PAP) an d therefore cannot create out going AppleTalk
sessions—only incoming print requests are accepted. Any services on the Server with AppleTalk enabled
will show up as LaserWriters in Macintosh Chooser windows and are associated with an available zone
(explained in Sect ion 2.3.2). User s who select a Ser ver service as t heir LaserWri ter will have t heir print job s
forwarded to the Server for printing, or for queueing if the print port on the Server is in use or otherwise
unavailable.
AppleTalk printing is different from printing in other protocols. There are standard Macintosh drivers
provided for specific Apple printer types, such as LaserWriters and ImageWriters, but there are no plain
ASCII line print ers by default. ASCII jobs are converted into PostScript (for la se r p rinters) or bitmaps (for
ImageWriters) when printed. Only laser printer devices are supported by the Server under AppleTalk.
The Macintosh client will need to query the printer about status, so only laser printers that reply to these
interactive PostScr ipt re quests can be used. The Server pa rall el port s suppor t Bitro nics mode, pr ovided the
attached laser printer also implements it.
2.3.1 Addressing
AppleTalk provides for dynamic node addressing, a llowing a node to choose its ad dress at boot time. It will
send network packets to the other nodes to avoid choosing a node ID already in use. A node can also
discover its network number by listening for AppleTalk router broadcasts; if none are heard, a default
network number is chosen. The Server will save zone/network/node ID triplets in permanent memory,
which reduces traffic at reboot time, although the Server AppleTalk address may change across boots in
response to any network changes.
Network numbers are configured in the routers, so the only AppleTalk configuration supported by the
Server is the specification of a zone name other than the default. Due to the generally non-configurable
nature of AppleTalk , most AppleTalk devices are truly “plug -and-play”— they ca n be powered up and use d
right out of the box.
2.3.2 Zones
Zones are arbitra ry groupin gs of AppleTal k nodes used to orga nize reso urces int o groups that are e asier fo r
users to understand. For example, a college may organize zones around departments, like Math
Department and Physics Department. Zones allow users to sift through large numbers of nodes by
choosing those groups they are fami liar with regar dless of the o rganization of t he network. In ge neral, zones
need not have a correlation to physical or network location, thus any node can declare itself a member of
any single zone.
Zones, like nodes, origin ate from and are confi gured on AppleTal k routers. One zone on each network wil l
be chosen by the router as the defaul t zone. If ther e are no Apple Talk rou ters on the network, th ere wil l be
only one zone (the default zone) of which all nodes are members. If no zone name has been previously
defined on the Se rve r, or if the defined zone is no longer val id , t he Server will join t he default zone and n o
other configuration is needed. The Server can be placed in a different zone with the Def ine Protocols
AppleTalk command. Each time the Server is booted, or when its zone is changed, it will verify the zone
name with a router.
Concepts LAN Manager
2-3
2.3.3 Name Binding Protocol (NBP)
NBP is used by AppleTalk to advertise resources, such as printers and fileservers, to the network. Any
resource that othe r user s can access will have NBP i nformat ion t hat must be co mmunic ated t o othe r nodes .
The items in the Chooser window reflect the NBP resources on the network.
NBP and the Chooser organize re sources by t hree level s: name, type , and zone. Names ar e arbitrary strings
assigned by users , such as Kathy or MyPrinter. T ypes are generi c classes o f resources , such as Ma cintos h
IIci and LaserWriter. Zones, mentioned previously, are collections of nodes on the network. Typical
Macintosh NBP information might be [Kathy, Macintosh IIci, Accounting] for the name, type, and zone,
respectively. A service offered by the Server called MyPrinter that has AppleTalk enabled and that is
located in the Engineer ing zone would have an NBP descript ion of [MyPrinter, LaserWr iter, Engineerin g].
If the LaserWriter resource in the Engineering zone were selected in the Chooser, one of the resources
shown would be the MyPrinter service offered by the Server.
The NBP type LaserWriter designates a PostScript printer, so nodes printing to printers of type
LaserWrite r assume that th e printer sup ports PostScript. Care must be taken to attach only PostScript
printers to Server se rvices with AppleTalk enabl ed, and to disable AppleTalk on services that do not suppor t
PostScript printers. It is not possible to print to non-PostScript printers (for example, ImageWriters and
StyleWriters) from a Macintosh via the Server.
2.4 LAN Manager
LAN Manager is based on the NetBIOS pr otocol. It is use d by several PC-b ased operatin g systems, notabl y
OS/2, Windows NT, and Windows for Workgroups , althou gh LAN Manage r serv ers have been written f or
HP and Sun workstations. The Server implements only enough of the NetBIOS protocol stack to provide
print services to nodes; no interactive logins are allowed.
The Server also impl ements the s trai ghtfor ward an d easy to us e DLC print er pr otocol typi call y used by HP
laser printers. You must select the hardware address of the Server a s the target for the prin t job. DLC
operation is only su pporte d und er Windows NT. DLC does n ot prov ide que ueing o n th e Serve r, nor does it
allow printing to more than one service on the Server.
2.4.1 Networking
NetBIOS is not a routable prot ocol, s o the Serv er can onl y communica te with l ocal nod es or node s that ar e
accessible via a gateway capable of bridging the NetBIOS data.
LAN Manager node lookups take a text resource name and resolve it into a hardware address. For this
reason, node and resource names mu st be unique on the network , and the Server will print an error message
if any configuration that violates this rule is attempted.
Note: NetBIOS can be run over TCP/IP, but the Server does not support this mode of
operation.
LAT Concepts
2-4
2.5 LAT
Digital Equipment Corpor ation’s LAT ( Loca l Area Trans port) netw orkin g software is d esigne d to eas e the
process of accessing and managing local area networks.
LAT is significantly different from other protocols in two important ways. First, LAT is not routable. There
is no way to divide LAT networks into smaller subnet works and use routers to reduce tra ffic between nodes.
Second, LAT is a timer-driven protocol. Packets are expected at certain intervals, and the protocol cannot
adapt to slow network lin ks dynamically. Fo r these reaso ns, LAT traffic over wide areas is ty pically carri ed
inside (or encapsulated in) TCP/IP or IPX/SPX packets. The latter two protocols are fully routable, and
can handle wide-area, slow network links.
Note: If LAT is bridged across slow links, session time-outs and errors are likely.
LAT software is built around the concept of services. A service may be provided by a dedicated device,
such as a printer, or by a network host. A device that offers one or more services, such as your Server, is
called a node.
In general, all service s offered by the Server are associa ted with one or more por t s; exceptio ns to this rule
will be noted later. Figure 2-2 shows an example of services offered on a network.
Figure 2-2: Example of Network Services
Nodes advertise their services to the network by broadcasting occasional messages about them. These
messages, referred to as multicasts, contain the node’s name and its list of services. By monitoring
multicast messages, all hosts on the network know what nodes and services are available and can provide
this information to their interactive users. The Show Services and Show Nodes commands display this
information.
Node Vax2, with
service Vax2
(logins to other
users)
Node Phred, a computer
offering services
"LaserPrinter" (for
printing) and "Phred"
(for logins)
Node Server_1, offering
service "modem"
01
PWR OK NET RCV XMT
EPS4
LANtronix
Concepts TCP/IP
2-5
LAT multicast messages contain a rating for each service offered. Ratings range from 0 to 255; 0 means
the service is unavailable, while 255 means the service is available and has no current users. Ratings for a
given service may cha nge over t ime. For ex ample, t he ratin g for a c omputer accept ing logi ns will g enerall y
change as its workload cha nges. Conv ersel y, rati ngs for a modem are t ypical ly eit her 0 ( in use) or 255 (no t
in use). In the example above, the server with eight modems attached will continue to advertise that the
service “modem” is available (a 255 rating) until all eight modems are in use (a 0 rating).
Service ratings may concern even casual users, since they are used to determine which service a user will
be connected to whenever there is a choice. For example, if a user types Connect Hub and five nodes
offer service hub, the user will be connected to the least busy node automatically. In the case mentioned
above, where both the local Server and a remote nod e offered the same servi ce, the ra tings deter mine which
node will service the connection attempt.
Another major network management feature of LAT is the concept of service groups. Each port on the
Server and each serv ice on t he net work can be th ought o f as b elongi ng to one or more groups . When a u ser
or device reques ts a s ervic e c onnect ion, the LAT hos t will chec k to see if th e group s t o which the r equ ester
belongs match those of the r equested s ervice. If any group number is common to both the request er and the
service, the connection attempt continues. If there are no common group numbers, the connection attempt
fails.
Note: There may be additional access restrictions on the service, such as password
protection.
Suppose Bob is logged into port 4 on his Server and the server manager has given port 4 access to groups
1, 7, 13, and 105. Bob, or anyone else using port 4, can only access services that have one of those group
numbers. Suppose Bob wish es to acc ess a modem on a differ ent serv er. If th e server to which t he modem is
attached allows access to groups 8, 12, 16, 42, and 105; Bob will be al lowe d to use the modem because he
and the modem service have group 105 in common.
Note: See Set/Define Port Authorized Groups on page 12-HIDDEN and Set/Define
Server Service Groups on page 12-49 for more information.
Group numbers also are useful to nodes because each node only needs to pay attention to multicasts that
involve its users’ groups. As a result, groups can hide services that would otherwise be visible. The server
manager can also hide se rvices from a set of port s. Setting up and managi ng services and groups i s discussed
in more detail in the Server Configuration chapter, next.
2.6 TCP/IP
2.6.1 IP Addresses
Every TCP/IP node on a network has an IP address, which is unique to that network and an Ethernet
Address, which is unique across all hardware in the world. The IP address provides information needed to
forward packets across multiple networks, if necessary.
The address is of the form n .n.n.n, where each n is a number from zero to 254, as in 192.0.0.1 . The exception
is that there cannot be a zero in the last segment of the address.
Note: The number 255 is strictly reserved for broadcast packets.
TCP/IP Concepts
2-6
A unique IP address must be spe cified on the Ser ver before any of the TCP/ IP functionalit y is available. See
your Installation Guide for more information on configuring the IP address.
A DHCP server can be used to temporarily assign a leased IP address to the Server. See Dynamic Host
Control Protocol (DHCP) on page 12-6 for more information.
2.6.2 Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP)
DHCP, an extension to BOOTP, allows network administrators to lease IP addresses to network nodes as
needed. Server servers offer two levels of DHCP support: boot and runtime.
If your Server has boot mode DHCP support, th e Server wil l attempt t o acquire an IP addres s via DHCP at
boot time. If it succeeds, the Server will save the IP address into NVR and continue with the boot process.
Once running, the Server’s operational code will attempt to acquire the same IP address from the DHCP
server. If for some reason the runtime DHCP request fails (for example, if there is no response for 15
seconds), the Server will use the address saved in NVR.
If your Server does not suppor t DHCP at the boot le vel, you can st ill use DHCP at the operational level. To
enable DHCP in the runtime code, enter the Set/Define Server DHCP Enabled command and reboot the
server.
Note: Enabling DHCP will remove the IP address saved in NVRAM, if there is one.
The Server will use BOOTP or RARP to acquire an IP address at boot time, and then it will request an IP
address via DHCP once it is running. If the runtime DHCP request fails, the server will use the IP address
stored in NVRAM. If the DHCP request succeeds, the Server will use the resulting IP address. It will not
save the IP address to NVRAM or overwrite the saved address (the one acquired by BOOTP or RARP).
If you enter a new I P address wi th th e Set/Define Server IPaddress command, the Server will assume that
you want to use that address in the future, and will disable DHCP.
Note: When DHCP is used, the IP address saved in NVRAM will change e ach time the
Server boots, and the List Server Bootparams command (which shows the
characteristics that will be in effect the next time the Server boots) may show a
different IP address than the one that is currently in use.
2.6.3 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
The Server supports the SNMP network protocol, which allows hosts on the network to query nodes for
counters and network statistics and change some parameters on those nodes. The form of these requests is
documented by RFC 1098. The list of items that can be queried and/or set and the type of data used, such
as integer and str ing, a re bot h docu mented i n v arious Mana gement Inf ormati on Base s (MIBs) . MIBs co ver
a variety of things, such as parallel port status, counters, and IP address resolution tables.
The Server supports the following MIBs:
MIB-II (RFC 1213) System, Interface, Address Transl ation, IP, ICM P, TCP, and UDP, but not the
EGP group.
Parallel MIB (RFC 1660)All parallel devices.
Serial MIB (RFC 1659)All Serial devices.
Concepts TCP/IP
2-7
The Server will respond to queries for unknown MIBs with a “not in MIB” error to the requesting host.
RFC’s 1065, 1066, and 1 098 off er additional informatio n on SNMP queries and the st ructure of the MIBs.
See Set/Define SNMP on page 12-61 for more information about configuring MIB usage.
Traps are sent to a host when an abnormal event occurs on the Server. The Server can generate limited
forms of three SNMP traps. It will generate a Coldstart trap when it first boots, and a Linkup trap when
the startupfil e (if any) ha s been read f rom a host and nor mal oper ation commence s. If a star tupfi le has been
configured but the download fails, the Server will send an Authentication trap. In all three cases, the trap
will be directed to the IP address of the Server’s loadhost. The Server will not generate traps for any other
cases.
Note: To disable traps, define t he Loadhost as “0.0.0.0” and re boot the server. See Set/
Define Server Loadhost on page 12-41 for syntax.
The Server has a local SNMP security table to restrict or prevent unauthorized SNMP configuration.
2.6.4 Reverse Telnet (RTEL)
When a server provides a servi ce to a LAT host, the connection is of ten referred to as Reverse LAT. Reverse
Telnet allows a UNIX host to initiate con nections to the Server i n m uch the same way. It is called Reverse
Telnet because “normal” connections are logins from a server to a host.
Your Server comes with special software to add RTEL fun ctionality t o your UNIX host . RTEL connec tions
can be made through a back- end program for a printer, o r through a named pi pe. For example, yo u can print
files from your UNIX host to a printer attached to the Server through your host’s lp or lpr print system.
Server services do not care what hosts are using them. Multiple jobs from any of the supported protocols
can be queued simultaneously on any service.
2.6.5 LPR Support
The Server and many UNIX systems implement the lpr (Berkeley remote printing) protocol, a protocol that
makes it very easy to add print hosts to a system. To add the Server as a print host, add the Server’s IP
address to a host table and add the Server’ s serv ice name a s a print queue. No special host so ftware or other
configuration is needed. Server services can be accessed via the normal lpr commands on the host.
Print jobs can be f orwarded mult iple “hops” in the networ k. If you onl y want one ho st to kno w about Server
print queues, configure the other hosts to forward their print jobs to that host which will forward them to the
Server for p rinting.
Note: See Chapter 7, TCP/IP Host Setup, for more information.
2.6.6 TCP/IP Utilities and Commands
The following commands have been added to help TCP/IP usability:
Finger Displays users on local and remote hosts. The f inger command by its elf shows
all users on the Ser ver. I f give n with a para meter, s uch as use r@host, it shows
information regardi ng the named user on the specifi ed host. The user name can
be omitted, in which case all the users on the remote host will be displayed. If
the host cannot be reached or accessed, the finger command fails.
NetWare Concepts
2-8
Note: To see a list of Server processes, enter the command “finger finger.”
Netstat Displays the status of the routing tables and current network sessions.
Ping Sends a TCP/IP request for an echo packet to another network host to test
network connections.
2.7 NetWare
Novell’s NetWare software allo ws you to link compu ters together and provide fi le and printer sh aring. It is
typically used to network DOS-based PCs, but is starting to appear under UNIX and other operating
systems. NetWare is built around file servers, which handle user logins, provide network resources, and
control security. At least one file server, such as a PC or UNIX host, is required in any NetWare
environment. Net Ware users ty pically have to log i nto a file server to e njoy the net worked (sh ared) benefi ts.
The Server supports a significant subset of the NetWare functionality, most notably print spooling.
Fileservers can be configured to send queued print jobs to printers attached to the Server. No special
software is required on the fileser ver; configuration us es the EZWebCon Configuration so ftware or the
standard PCONSOLE utility. Any user or application that can use NetWare print queues can spool jobs to
the Server.
The Server must periodically query the file servers for pending jobs. To do so, it logs into a file server to
access the print spool er, and will try to connect t o all file servers on the local network (subject to access lists,
explained later) to check for such j obs. See Set/Define Server Net Ware Loadhost on page 1 2-43 for more
information.
NetWare support al so al lows login s fro m fi leser vers to the Se rver (f or con figur ation ) and fi le downl oadin g
(to download the system software at boot time).
2.7.1 Networking
Each NetWare node uses its ha rdware add ress as its nod e ID. In addition, the Ser ver gets all t he network ing
information it ne eds f rom per iodic broa dcasts sent by Ne tWare r outer s on the n etwork. It wil l le arn i ts own
network number as well as routes to non-local file servers. No further configuration is needed.
The NetWare protocol can use all fo ur Ether net fr ame format s. It wi ll li sten f or all fr ame fo rmats, a nd then
use the correct o ne for the con nec tion. Th e diff erent fr ame type s are treat ed as d iffer en t networ ks, and thu s
each frame type has a different network number. If there is only one frame format in use on the LAN, the
Server will use the network number for that frame type. If there are multiple frame types, limitations to the
NetWare protocol require that the Server use a different network number for each frame type on which it
wants to advertise itself.
The Server can use multiple frame types by creating a new, unique “internal network number” and
advertising itself as a router to the internal network. Any nodes or fileservers that need to communicate with
the Server use this new network number, and treat the Server as a router to that network. If this behavior is
not desired, the Server can be forced to use only one frame type (and thus not need an internal network
number).
Concepts PostScript
2-9
2.7.2 Access Lists
Since NetWare networks can have hundreds of fileservers, the network needs a way to reduce the number
of Server queries, both to reduce network traffic and to prevent long delays in servicing active queues. By
using access lists (created with the Set/Define Protocols NetWare Access command on page 12-31) you
can contro l which file servers the Server will and won’t po ll for print j obs.
The file servers have no cont rol over the Server access lis ts, so they will never know if a misconfi gur ati on
of the access list prevents them from spooling print jobs to the Server.
2.8 PostScript
Many printers (including all LaserWriters and other AppleTalk compatible laser printers) use a printing
language called PostScript. Unlike other printer protocols, which typically accept ASCII characters and
print them verbatim, PostScript is also a programming language. Shapes and fonts can be defined as
routines and re-used on successive pages, multiple fonts and copies can be printed, and text and diagrams
can be rotated and shifted on pages.
PostScript is also an interactive language, where the printing host can query the printer for its knowledge
about fonts and software versions. If the host expects to receive data from the printer (as is the case for all
AppleTalk printing ), the pr in ter must suppor t Bitr onics mode and b e connec ted to a bidi rect ional port su ch
as one on the Server. PostScript printing from UNIX, LAT, and NetWare hosts, where bidirectional data
flow is not a requirement, can generally use any parallel port.
PostScript is a verbose language; it is recommended that the printer and Server use a baud rate of at least
9600 to communicate over serial lines. A baud rate of 38400 or better is strongly recommended for highoutput duty; see the printer’s documentation for information on changing the serial speed. Also, many
PostScript jobs contain 8-bit characters. The Server is configured for 8-bit characters, but if the printer is
not (the default on many laser printers is 7-bit), some characters will be printed incorrectly. See your
printer’s documentation for details on how to change the character size setting.
Due to the interactive nature of PostScript, it is possible for the printer and host to get out of synch in their
communication. Since the printer “interpre ts” the entir e PostScript job and then prints the pages, it is
possible for the Server to complete the transfer and a ccept a new job while the printer is still d igesting the
last job. For this reason, an end-of-jo b character (A SCII 0x4 or Ctrl-D) is used to end all PostScript jobs.
Typically the host will send one at the end of the job and the printer will reply with one when it is done
processing the job. For information on end-of-job characters, see Set/Define Service EOJ command on
page 12-55.
The Server will force a Ctrl -D char acter when Post Scrip t is enabl ed on t he appr opria te ser vice a nd wait for
one in return. Therefore, enabling PostScript is strongly recommended for all PostScript printer
applications. It gua ra nte es that the printer is rea dy to accept new data when the j ob a ct ually starts. Job loss
and printer hangs are the usual result if Post Script is no t enable d on the ser vice and the pr inte r cannot keep
up with the job rate. High-speed printers may happen to work if the PostScript attribute is not enabled,
simply because they finish the current job in the time it takes for the Server to accept the next one.
Security Concepts
2-10
2.9 Security
Several methods can be used to control access to the Server and restrict user behavior once logged in. For
example:
◆ Incoming logins can be selectively disabled and/or password protected via the Set/Define Server
Incoming command.
◆ The IP security table can be used to restrict logins to the Server.
◆ Ports used for network logins can be “preconfigured” with a standard set of characteristics for each
login.
For more information about security measures and restriction options, including some Server features that
are used for more than security reasons, see the Server Configuration and Ports chapters.
2.9.1 Event Reporting/Logging
The Server can be configured to report various errors and events either to the serial console port or to a
network host via TCP/IP (usi ng the syslogd facility), LAT, or Net Ware . Events that can be logged include
user logins, modem events, printer state changes, system boots, system resets, and a full record of
commands issued on th e Server. Se e Set/Define Logging on page 12-13 for more information.
3-1
3: Getting Started
This chapter provides backg round inf ormation to ge t you star ted using the Server . Topics in clude met hods
used to initially set up the Server as well as ongoing maintenance issues, such as rebooting and restoring
factory default settings.
This chapter assumes the following:
◆ The Server has booted properly and is running its operational code
◆ The Server is connect ed to the Ethernet
◆ For IP network users, the Server has been assigned a valid IP address.
If any of these conditions have not been me t, re fe r to y our Installatio n G uide for information on installing
the Server.
3.1 Configuration Methods
The Server may be configured using one of two methods: the EZWebCon configuration software, or
commands issued at the command line (Local> prompt).
Note: To configure the Server when a problem has occurred, refer to the
Troubleshooting appendix.
3.1.1 EZWebCon
The EZWebCon software is the recommended way to configure the unit. EZWebCon guides you through
configuration using a graphical interface. Its configurations take effect immediately, like Set commands,
and are permanent, like Define commands.
EZWebCon is shipped with the Se rver on CD-ROM. It can be in stalled and used o n any computer for which
there is a Java Virtual Machi ne. To install EZWebCon, re fer to the README file locat ed in the EZWebCon
directory. For assistance once EZWebCon is running, refer to the EZWebCon on-line help.
Note: There are problems with some implementat ions of the Java Virtual Machine. See
the EZWebCon README file for more information.
Configuration Methods Getting Started
3-2
3.1.2 Using a Web Browser
The ThinWeb Manager web browser interface allows you to log into and configure your Server using a
standard web browser with JavaScript enabled. Simply type the Server IP address or resolvable text name
into the browser’s URL/Location field.
Figure 3-1: Sample Web Browser Login
Once you have connected to the Server, you will see the Lantronix ThinWeb Manager interface. Use the
left-hand menu to na vigate to subpages where you can c onfigure import ant settings as well as view st atistics
and other server information.
Figure 3-2: ThinWeb Manager Interface
3.1.3 Command Line Interface
To configure the Server without using the EZWebCon graphi cal user interface, you must enter configuration
commands at the command line when a port is in character mode. In character mode, the Local> prompt
is displayed.
There are four ways to enter character mode:
◆ Connect a terminal to the serial console port and press the Return key until the Local> prompt is
displayed.
◆ Establish a Telnet or Rlogin connection to the Server from a TCP/IP host.
◆ In EZWebCon, click the Terminal icon. The Local> prompt will be di splayed in a t erminal emulati on
window.
◆ Establish a TCP/IP remote console connection by Telnetting to port 7000:
Figure 3-3: Remote Console Connection
Note: Remote console logins are password protected via the server login password.
See Login Password on page 3-9 for more information.
% Telnet 192.0.1.166 7000
MENU
Getting Started Entering and Editing Commands
3-3
3.2 Entering and Editing Commands
In examples throughout t he manual, Se rver commands and k eywords are displ ayed in upperca se for clar ity.
They may be entered in upper, lower, or mixed case.
The Command Reference chapter displays the syntax of each command, and includes restrictions, known
errors, and r eferences to related comma nds. Optiona l parameters are enclosed in straight br ackets [ ].
Multiple options in a set of brackets may be ent ered, or options ca n be omitted entirely. Re quired parameters
are enclosed in curly braces { }. One and only one of the parameters enclosed i n each set of braces must be
used. User-supplied parameters, such as a particular host name, are shown in italics or all lower case.
When entering a string, such as a username or filename, it is important to remember to enclose the string
in quotes to preserve case and spac ing. If a s tring is not encl osed in quot es, it wi ll be aut omatically changed
to all uppercase characters.
Note: The privileged and login pas swords are case-ind ependent, even when entered in
quotes.
The Server command completion feature, when ena bled, will complete partially-typed c ommands for you.
This can save time and reduce errors if you’re entering a number of commands. To use command
completion, type part of a command, then press the space bar; the Server will automatically “type” the
remainder of the command . I f t he partial command is am big uous , the terminal will beep to prompt you for
more information. See Set/Define Port Command Completion on page 12-17 for more information.
Restricted Commands Getting Started
3-4
All keys used for entering and editing commands are listed in Table 3-1.
Note: Line editing is disabled on hardcopy (printer) ports.
3.3 Restricted Commands
To prevent unauthorized users from changing server-wide characteristics, some commands require
privileged (superuse r) status. To obtain privileged status, enter the privileged password. See Privileged
Password on page 3-8 for more information about passwords, including the default passwords.
3.4 Command Types
The following commands appear frequently throughout this manual. There are subtle differences between
each group of commands, as explained below.
3.4.1 Set and Define
Set Makes an immediate but not permanent change. To make the change
permanent, use the Save command after configuration is complete.
Table 3-1: Command Line Editing Keys
Key Purpose
Return Executes the current command line
Delete Deletes the character before the cursor
Ctrl-A Toggles insert mode (insert or overstrike;
overstrike is the default).
Ctrl-D Logs the port out
Ctrl-E Moves the cursor to the end of the line
Ctrl-H or Backspace Moves the cursor to the beginning of the line
Ctrl-R Redisplays the current command
Ctrl-U Deletes the entire current line
Ctrl-Z Logs out of the server
Left Arrow Moves the cursor left
Right Arrow Moves the cursor right
Up Arrow or Ctrl-P Recalls the previous command
Down Arrow or Ctrl-N Recalls the next command
!text Recalls the last command starting with text
!! Recalls the last command
Getting Started Abbreviating Keywords
3-5
Save Makes a group of commands entered with the Set command permanent. For
example, users can enter several Set commands to configure a service, then
Save the service.
Note: Settings that are made with both Set and Save behave as if they were configured using
Define commands. See Save on page 12-11 for more information.
Define Makes a permanent change that generally doesn’t take effect until the unit is
rebooted. Define Port will take effect as soon as the port is logged out.
3.4.2 Show, Monitor, and List
Show Displays the curr ent settings. Current setti ngs include those made usin g the Set
command but not yet Saved as permanent changes.
Monitor Displays the cur rent sett ings at regul ar i nterv als ; in form ation is u pdated ev ery
three seconds.
List Displays the unit’s per manent s etti ngs. Note t hat some settings that ar e List ed
will not take effect until the unit is rebooted.
3.4.3 Clear and Purge
Clear Removes an item immediately, but not permanently. When the unit is
rebooted, the old setting will again be in effect.
Purge Removes an item permanently, but ge nerally does no t take effect unt il the unit
is rebooted. Purge Port will take effect as soon as the port is logged out.
3.5 Abbreviating Keywords
When configuring the Server via the command line, it is only necessary to type as many characters as are
needed to distinguish the keywords from one another. For example, the following two commands are
equivalent:
Figure 3-4: Full and Abbreviated Commands
Note: Extra white space (more than one consecutive space between keywords) is
ignored.
3.6 Maintenance Issues
The following sections detail configuration that is required on a sporadic or ongoing basis.
Local>> DEFINE PORT 2 BROADCAST ENABLED AUTOCONNECT ENABLED PARITY EVEN SPEED
4800
Local>> DEF PO 2 BRO EN AUTOC EN PAR E SP 4800
Maintenance Issues Getting Started
3-6
3.6.1 Changing the Server Name
The Server is initia ll y c onfi gured with a server name. Ho wever , yo u can give the Server a cu sto m name of
up to 16 alphanumeric characters using the following command:
Figure 3-5: Changing the Server Name
The Server name string must be enclosed in quotes if lowercase letters are used.
Note: For the EPS1, MPS, and LPS, a server name of no more than 13 alphanumeric
characters is recommended due to service name constraints.
3.6.2 Changing the Server Prompt
The prompt each user r eceives (t he Local> pr ompt) is config urable in a variety of ways. For a basic prompt,
enter a command similar to the following. The resulting prompt is shown on the next line.
Figure 3-6: Configuring User Prompt
Note: The remote console port prompt cannot be changed.
For a customized prompt, the options listed under Set/Define Server Prompt on page 12-46 can be
included in the prompt string. Placing a space after the end of the prompt is recommended, as it makes
reading and editing the command line much easier.
Figure 3-7 displays a few examples of commands used to change prompts. In the examples, the first
command line results in the prompt used in the second command line, and so on.
Figure 3-7: Prompt Examples
3.6.3 Rebooting the Server
There are two ways to reboot t he Server: pressing t he Reset button while using EZWebCo n, or enteri ng the
Initialize command at the Local> prompt.
Options to the Initialize command include rebooting the server, reloading the Flash-ROM code, and
restoring the unit’s factory default settings. The example below shows a simple, immediate reboot. See
Initialize on page 12-7 for more information.
Figure 3-8: Rebooting the Server
Local>> DEFINE SERVER NAME “PrintServer”
Local> SET SERVER PROMPT “Server>”
Server>
Local> SET SERVER PROMPT “Port %n: “
Port 5: SET SERVER PROMPT “%D:%s! “
ETS-8:LabServ! SET SERVER PROMPT “%p%S_%n%P%% “
Port_5[NoSession]_5>%
Local>> INITIALIZE SERVER DELAY 0
Loading...