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LANCOM L-54g Wireless
LANCOM L-54g Wireless – LANCOM L-54ag Wireless – LANCOM L-54 dual Wireless
...connecting your business
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LANCOM L-54g Wireless
LANCOM L-54ag Wireless
LANCOM L-54 dual Wireless
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© 2008 LANCOM Systems GmbH, Wuerselen (Germany). All rights reserved.
While the information in this manual has been compiled with great care, it may not be deemed an assurance of product
characteristics. LANCOM Systems shall be liable only to the degree specified in the terms of sale and delivery.
The reproduction and distribution of the documentation and software included with this product is subject to written permission by LANCOM Systems. We reserve the right to make any alterations that arise as the result of technical development.
All explanations and documents for registration of the products you find in the appendix of this documentation, if they
were present at the time of printing.
Trademarks
®
Windows
, Windows Vista™, Windows XP® and Microsoft® are registered trademarks of Microsoft, Corp.
The LANCOM Systems logo, LCOS and the name LANCOM are registered trademarks of LANCOM Systems GmbH. All other
names mentioned may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit http://www.openssl.org/
This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com
).
This product includes software developed by the NetBSD Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
This product includes the LZMA SDK written by Igor Pavlov.
Subject to change without notice. No liability for technical errors or omissions.
LANCOM Systems GmbH
Adenauerstr. 20/B2
52146 Wuerselen
Germany
www.lancom.eu
Wuerselen, August 2008
.
110702/0808
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LANCOM L-54g Wireless - LANCOM L-54ag Wireless - LANCOM L-54 dual Wireless
Preface
Preface
Thank you for placing your trust in this
LANCOM Systems
product.
The models LANCOM L-54g Wireless, LANCOM L-54ag Wireless and LANCOM
L-54 dual Wireless offer professional Access Point technology and a maximum
of WLAN performance.
Model variants
This documentation is for users of LANCOM Access Points. The access point is
to choose from different models. These are:
LANCOM L-54g Wireless, complying to the 802.11g standard in the 2,4
GHz band, which is downward-compatible to 802.11b devices. This opens
a vast range of possibilities where to use the LANCOM L-54g Wireless: at
the bureau, in open spaces or to interconnect LANs.
LANCOM L-54ag Wireless operates alternatively either in 802.11g mode
in the 2,4 GHz band, or in 802.11a mode in the 5 GHz band as well.
The LANCOM L-54 dual Wireless operates with two integrated 108-Mbps
wireless modules that comply with the WLAN standards IEEE 802.11a/h
or IEEE 802.11b/g and offers simultaneous operations in the 2.4-GHz and/
or the 5-GHz frequency bands. There is no limit to the range of applications that the LANCOM L-54 dual Wireless can be used for-be it within
infrastructure networks or as a WLAN bridge for network coupling.
EN
Model
restriction
The sections of the documentation that refer only to a range of models are
marked either in the corresponding text itself or with appropriate comments
placed beside the text.
In the other parts of the documentation, all described models have been classified under the general term LANCOM Access Point.
Security settings
To maximize the security available from your product, we recommend that you
undertake all of the security settings (e.g. firewall, encryption, access protection) that were not already activated when you purchased the product. The
LANconfig Wizard 'Security Settings' will help you with this task. Further information is also available in the chapter 'Security settings'.
We would additionally like to ask you to refer to our Internet site
www.lancom.eu
for the latest information about your product and technical
developments, and also to download our latest software versions.
3
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LANCOM L-54g Wireless - LANCOM L-54ag Wireless - LANCOM L-54 dual Wireless
Preface
User manual and reference manual
The documentation of your device consists of the following parts:
Installation guide
User manual
Reference manual
You are now reading the user manual. It contains all information you need to
EN
put your device into operation. It also contains all of the important technical
specifications.
The reference manual can be found on the LANCOM product CD as an Acrobat
(PDF) document. It is designed as a supplement to the user manual and goes
into detail on topics that apply to a variety of models. These include, for example:
The system design of the operating system LCOS
Configuration
Management
Diagnosis
Security
Routing and WAN functions
Firewall
Quality of Service (QoS)
Virtual Local Networks (VLAN)
Wireless networks (WLAN)
Backup solutions
Further server services (DHCP, DNS, charge management)
This documentation was created by …
... several members of our staff from a variety of departments in order to
ensure you the best possible support when using your
In case you encounter any errors, or just want to issue critics enhancements,
please do not hesitate to send an email directly to:
info@lancom.eu
LANCOM
product.
4
Our online services www.lancom.eu are available to you around the
clock should you have any queries regarding the topics discussed in
this manual or require any further support. The area 'Support' will
help you with many answers to frequently asked questions (FAQs).
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LANCOM L-54g Wireless - LANCOM L-54ag Wireless - LANCOM L-54 dual Wireless
Preface
Furthermore, the knowledgebase offers you a large reserve of information. The latest drivers, firmware, utilities and documentation are
constantly available for download.
In addition, LANCOM support is available. For telephone numbers and
contact addresses of LANCOM support, please see the enclosed leaflet or the LANCOM Systems website.
Information symbols
Very important instructions. Failure to observe this may result in damage.
Important instruction that should be observed.
Additional information that may be helpful but which is not required.
EN
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LANCOM L-54g Wireless - LANCOM L-54ag Wireless - LANCOM L-54 dual Wireless
Contents
Contents
1 Introduction 9
1.1 What is a wireless LAN? 9
1.1.1 Modes of operation of wireless LANs and access points 9
1.2 What can your LANCOM do? 10
EN
2 Installation 13
2.1 Package contents 13
2.2 System requirements 13
2.2.1 Configuring the LANCOM devices 13
2.2.2 Operating access points in managed mode 14
2.2.3 Status displays, interfaces and hardware installation 14
2.2.4 Status displays 14
2.2.5 The connectors 18
2.2.6 Connecting the LANCOM Access Point 21
2.3 Software installation 23
2.3.1 Starting Software Setup 23
2.3.2 Which software should I install? 24
3 Basic configuration 25
3.1 What details are necessary? 25
3.1.1 TCP/IP settings 26
3.1.2 Configuration protection 27
3.1.3 Settings for the wireless LAN 28
3.2 Instructions for LANconfig 29
3.3 Instructions for WEBconfig 30
3.4 TCP/IP settings to workstation PCs 35
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Contents
4 Security settings 36
4.1 Security for the Wireless LAN 36
4.1.1 Closed network 36
4.1.2 Access control via MAC address 37
4.1.3 LANCOM Enhanced Passphrase Security 37
4.1.4 Encryption of the data transfer 38
4.1.5 802.1x / EAP 38
4.1.6 IPSec over WLAN 39
4.2 Tips for handling keys 39
4.3 The security settings wizard 39
4.3.1 Wizard for LANconfig 40
4.3.2 Wizard for WEBconfig 41
4.4 The security checklist 41
EN
5 Advanced wireless LAN configuration 45
5.1 WLAN configuration with the wizards in LANconfig 45
5.2 Point-to-point connections 47
5.2.1 Geometric dimensioning of outdoor wireless network
links 48
5.2.2 Antenna alignment for P2P operations 53
5.2.3 Configuration of P2P connections 55
5.2.4 Access points in relay mode 57
5.2.5 Security for point-to-point connections 58
5.3 Client mode 60
5.3.1 Client settings 61
5.3.2 Set the SSID of the available networks 62
5.3.3 Encryption settings 63
6 Setting up Internet access 65
6.1 The Internet Connection Wizard 66
6.1.1 Instructions for LANconfig 66
6.1.2 Instructions for WEBconfig 67
6.2 The Firewall Wizard 67
6.2.1 LANconfig Wizard 67
6.2.2 Configuration under WEBconfig 68
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Contents
7 Options and accessories 69
7.1 Optional LANCOM WLAN antennas 69
7.1.1 Antenna Diversity 70
7.1.2 Installation of AirLancer Extender antennas 70
7.2 LANCOM Public Spot Option 71
8 Troubleshooting 73
EN
8.1 No DSL connection is established 73
8.2 DSL data transfer is slow 73
8.3 Unwanted connections under Windows XP 74
9 Appendix 75
9.1 Performance data and specifications 75
9.2 Contact assignment 76
9.2.1 Ethernet interface 10/100Base-TX, DSL interface 76
9.2.2 Configuration interface (Outband) 76
9.3 Declaration of conformity 77
10 Index 78
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1Introduction
1.1 What is a wireless LAN?
The following sections describe the functionality of wireless networks
A wireless LAN connects individual end-user devices (PCs and mobile computers) to form a local network (also called – Local Area Network). In contrast to
a traditional LAN, communication takes place over a wireless connection and
not over network cables. For this reason it is called a Wireless Local Area Net-
work (WLAN).
in general. You can see from the table 'What your LANCOM can do'
further below which functions your device supports. Please refer to
the reference manual for further information on this topic.
Chapter 1: Introduction
EN
A wireless LAN provides the same functionality as a cable-based network:
Access to files, servers, printers etc. as well as the integration of individual
work stations into a corporate mail system or access to the Internet.
There are obvious advantages to wireless LANs: Notebooks and PCs can be
installed where they are needed—problems with missing connections or
structural changes are a thing of the past with wireless networks.
Apart from that, wireless LANs can also be used for connections over longer
distances. Expensive leased lines and the associated construction measures
can be saved.
LANCOM Wireless Routers and LANCOM Access Points can be oper-
1.1.1 Modes of operation of wireless LANs and access points
ated either as self-sufficient Access Points with their own configuration (WLAN modules in "Access Point mode“) or as components in a
WLAN infrastructure, which is controlled from a central WLANController ("managed mode"). Please observe the corresponding
notices to this in this documentation.
Wireless LAN technology and access points in wireless LANs are used in the
following modes of operation:
Simple, direct connection between terminal devices with an access point
(ad-hoc mode)
Extensive wireless LANs, possibly connected to a LAN, with one or more
access points (infrastructure network)
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Chapter 1: Introduction
Establishing access to the Internet
Connecting two LANs over a wireless link (point-to-point mode)
Connecting devices with an Ethernet interface via an access point (client
mode)
Extending an existing Ethernet network with a wireless LAN (bridge mode)
Relay function for connecting networks via multiple access points
Central administration using a LANCOM WLAN Controller
EN
1.2 What can your LANCOM do?
The following table shows the properties and functions of your device:
Applications
Expansion of the LAN through WLAN (infrastructure mode)
WLAN via point-to- point and relais mode (2 WLAN modules)
Internet Access
IP router with Stateful Inspection Firewall
DHCP and DNS server (for LAN and WLAN)
N:N mapping for routing networks with the same IP-address ranges over
VPN
Policy-based routing
Backup solutions and load balancing with VRRP
PPPoE Server
WAN RIP
LANCOM
L-54g
Wireless
LANCOM
L-54ag
Wireless
LANCOM
L-54 dual
Wireless
✔✔✔
✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
Spanning Tree protocol
Layer 2 QoS tagging
WLAN
Wireless transmission by IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11b
Wireless transmission by IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11h
10
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔
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Chapter 1: Introduction
Wireless transmission by IEEE 802.11b/g and IEEE 802.11a/h at the same
time
Point-to-point mode (six P2P paths can be defined per WLAN interface)
Access point mode
Client mode
Managed mode for central configuration of WLAN modules by a WLAN
Controller
Relay function to link two P2P connections
Turbo Mode: Double the bandwidth at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz.
Super AG incl. hardware compression and bursting
Multi SSID
Roaming function
LANCOM
L-54g
Wireless
LANCOM
L-54ag
Wireless
LANCOM
L-54 dual
Wireless
✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
EN
802.11i / WPA with hardware AES encryption
WEP encryption (up to 128 Bit key length, WEP152)
IEEE 802.1x/EAP
MAC address filter (ACL)
Individual passphrases per MAC address (LEPS)
Closed network function
Integrated RADIUS server
VLAN
Intra-Cell Blocking
WLAN QoS (IEEE 802.11e, WME)
LAN Connection
Fast Ethernet LAN port (10/100Base-TX)
Power over Ethernet (PoE)
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔
✔✔
2x
2x
redundant
DHCP and DNS server
WAN Connection
✔✔✔
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Chapter 1: Introduction
Connection for DSL or cable modem
Connection for serial modem
Internet access (IP router)
Stateful-Inspection Firewall
EN
Firewall filters (IP addresses, ports)
IP masquerading (NAT, PAT)
Quality of Service
Configuration and firmware
Configuration with LANconfig or with web browser, additionally terminal
mode for Telnet or other terminal programs, SNMP interface and TFTP
server function., SSH connection.
Setup wizards
FirmSafe with firmware versions for absolutely secure software upgrades
LANCOM
L-54g
Wireless
LANCOM
L-54ag
Wireless
LANCOM
L-54 dual
Wireless
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
Monitoring and management of the WLAN with Rogue AP Detection
Optional software extensions
LANCOM Public Spot Option
Optional hardware extensions
AirLancer Extender antennas for increased range
LANCOM Modem Adapter Kit for connection of analog or GSM modems
to the serial interface
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
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LANCOM L-54g Wireless - LANCOM L-54ag Wireless - LANCOM L-54 dual Wireless
2 Installation
This chapter will assist you to quickly install hardware and software. First,
check the package contents and system requirements. The device can be
installed and configured quickly and easily if all prerequisites are fulfilled.
2.1 Package contents
Chapter 2: Installation
Please check the package contents for completeness before starting the
installation. In addition to the base station itself, the package should contain
the following accessories:
LANCOM
L-54g
Wireless
12 V DC power adapter
18 V DC power adapter
Dualband antennas with screw connection 2 4
Singleband antennas with screw connection 2
Connector cable for serial configuration interface
PoE Ethernet cable (green plugs)
LANCOM CD
Printed documentation
✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
LANCOM
L-54ag
Wireless
LANCOM
L-54 dual
Wireless
✔
EN
If anything is missing, please contact your retailer or the address stated on the
delivery slip of the unit.
2.2 System requirements
2.2.1 Configuring the LANCOM devices
Computers that connect to a LANCOM must meet the following minimum
requirements:
Operating system that supports TCP/IP, e.g. Windows Vista™,
Windows XP, Windows Millennium Edition (Me), Windows 2000, Windows 98, Linux, BSD Unix, Apple Mac OS, OS/2.
Access to the LAN via the TCP/IP protocol.
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Chapter 2: Installation
Wireless LAN adapter or LAN access (if the access point is to be connected
to the LAN).
The LANtools also require a Windows operating system. A web
browser under any operating system provides access to WEBconfig.
2.2.2 Operating access points in managed mode
EN
LANCOM L-54 dual
Wireless
LANCOM Wireless Routers and LANCOM Access Points can be operated either
as self-sufficient Access Points with their own configuration ("Access Point
mode“) or as components in a WLAN infrastructure, which is controlled from
a central WLAN-Controller ("managed mode").
For operation in managed mode the Access Points require firmware of
version 7.22 or higher and a current loader (version 1.86 or higher).
2.2.3 Status displays, interfaces and hardware installation
2.2.4 Status displays
Front side
The LANCOM L-54ag Wireless and LANCOM L-54g Wireless have status displays on the front panel.
L-54 dual Wireless
LANCOM L-54g
Wireless
LANCOM L-54ag
Wireless
Top panel
Two additional LEDs on the top panel provide a convenient overview of the
most important status information, especially when the device is mounted
vertically.
14
ETH 1
Power
WLAN 1 Link
WLAN 2 Link
ETH 2
LAN Link
Power
WLAN Link
WLAN Data
LAN Data
L-54ag Wireless
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Chapter 2: Installation
Power
WLAN Link (1+2)
Meanings of the LEDs
In the following sections we will use different terms to describe the behaviour
of the LEDs:
EN
Power
Blinking means, that the LED is switched on or off at regular intervals in
the respective indicated colour.
Flashing means, that the LED lights up very briefly in the respective col-
our and stay then clearly longer (approximately 10x longer) switched off.
Inverse flashing means the opposite. The LED lights permanently in the
respective colour and is only briefly interrupted.
Flickering means, that the LED is switched on and off in irregular inter-
vals.
This LED provides information on the device's operating state. After being
switched on, it blinks green during the self-test. The LED then shines constantly to indicate operational readiness, unless an error is detected as indicated by a code blinked in red.
Off Device switched off
Green Blinking Self-test after power-up
Green On (perma-
nently)
Device operational
Red/green Blinking alter-
Device insecure: Configuration password not set
nately
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Chapter 2: Installation
EN
Orange/green In the housing
cover; blinking
alternately with
the online LED
Orange /red In the housing
cover; blinking
alternately with
the online LED
Red Blinking The device is locked because location verification was
At least one WLAN module is in managed mode and
has not found a WLAN Controller yet. The corresponding WLAN module(s) is/are switched off until a WLAN
Controller is found to supply a configuration, or until
being switched manually into another operating mode.
At least one WLAN module is in managed mode and
has found a WLAN Controller. However, the WLAN
Controller cannot assign a configuration because the
firmware and/or the device's loader version is not compatible with the WLAN Controller.
not successful
The power LED blinks alternately in red/green until a configuration
password has been set. Without a configuration password, the configuration data in the LANCOM are unprotected. Normally you would
set a configuration password during the basic configuration (instructions in the following chapter). Information about setting a configuration password at a later time is available in the section 'The Security
Wizard'.
The power LED is blinking and no connection can be
made?
If the power LED blinks red and no WAN connections can be
established, there is no cause for concern. This merely means
that a pre-set charge or time limit has been reached.
Signal that a
ower
ower
P
charge or time
P
limit has been
reached
There are three ways to remove the lock:
Reset the toll protection.
Increase the limit.
Deactivate the lock completely (set limit to '0').
LANmonitor shows you when a charge or time limit has been reached. To reset the toll protection, activate the context menu (right-mouse click) Reset charge and time limits. The charge
settings are defined in LANconfig under Management Costs (these settings are only available if the 'Complete configuration display' is activated under Tools Options).
With WEBconfig, resetting the toll protection and all parameters are found under Expert con-
figuration Setup Charges.
WLAN Link or
WLAN Link 1/2
Provides information about the WLAN connections via the internal WLAN
modules.
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Chapter 2: Installation
Provides information about the WLAN connections via the internal WLAN
module.
The following can be displayed for WLAN link:
Off No WLAN network defined or WLAN module deacti-
vated. The WLAN module is not transmitting beacons.
Green At least one WLAN network is defined and WLAN mod-
ule activated. The WLAN module is transmitting beacons.
Green Inverse flashing Number of flashes = number of connected WLAN sta-
tions and P2P wireless connections, followed by a pause
(default).
Alternatively, the frequency of the flashed can indicate
the input sensitivity.
Green Blinking DFS scanning or other scan procedure.
Red Blinking Hardware error in the WLAN module
EN
WLAN Data
(LANCOM L54g Wireless
and LANCOM
L-54ag
Wireless only)
ETH
LAN link (only
LANCOM L54g Wireless
and LANCOM
L-54ag
Wireless)
Provides information about the data traffic at the internal WLAN modules.
Provides information about the data traffic at the internal WLAN module.
The following can be displayed for WLAN data:
Green Flickering TX data traffic.
Red Flickering Error in wireless LAN (TX error, e.g. transmission error
due to a poor connection)
Red Blinking Hardware error in the WLAN module
Off No networking device attached
Green On (perma-
nently)
Green Flickering Data traffic
Connection to network device operational, not data traffic
Condition of the LAN interface:
off no network device connected
green constantly on network device connected; transfer rate 100 Mbps
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Chapter 2: Installation
green regularly blinking connection establishing DSL over LAN
LAN Data (only
EN
LANCOM L54g Wireless
and LANCOM
L-54ag
Wireless)
LANCOM L-54 dual
Wireless
LANCOM L-54g
Wireless
LANCOM L-54ag
Wireless
green on with short inter-
ruptions
orange network device connected; transfer rate 100 Mbps (The
Indicating data traffic on the LAN interface:
off no data traffic
green flickering data traffic
2.2.5 The connectors
With your LANCOM Access Point the connectors and switches of the base station are located on the back panel:
Aux 2 Aux 1 Main 2 Main 1
DSL over LAN active (e.g. PPPoE via LAN access)
device cannot function as directed, since a 10 Mbps fast
connection is too slow for a 54 Mbps fast WLAN data
transmission in the LAN.)
ETH 2 ETH 1
Config (COM)
Reset
Aux connector for (second) WLAN module. Diversity antennas are con-
nected to the Aux connectors.
Connection for the included power adapter.
Aux connector for (first) WLAN module.
(Second) 10/100base-Tx for the connection to the LAN. 10Mbp- or
100Mbp connections are supported. The used transfer speed will automatically be identified (autosensing).
The LAN connector of the LANCOM Access Point supports the Powerover-Ethernet standard (PoE). You find further information about operat-
18
AC 12 VAntenna Aux Antenna Main
LAN 10/100 Mb
Reset
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Chapter 2: Installation
ing with PoE in the info box ’Power-over-Ethernet – elegant power supply
through the LAN wiring’ → Page 20.
By activated DSLoL option, the LAN connector can also be used for connecting the LANCOM Access Point to a broadband modem.
(First) Ethernet connector.
Connection for the serial configuration cable.
Main connector for the (second) WLAN module. Additional AirLancer
antennas are connected to the Main connectors if necessary.
Reset switch – has two different functions depending on the length of
time that it is pressed.
Main connector for the (first) WLAN module.
Reset switch of LANCOM L-54 dual Wireless
The reset button offers two basic functions—boot (restart) and reset (to the
factory settings)—which are called by pressing the button for different
lengths of time.
Some devices simply cannot be installed under lock and key. There is
consequently a risk that the configuration will be deleted by someone
pressing the reset button too long. With the suitable setting, the behavior of
the reset button can be controlled accordingly.
Configuration tool Call
WEBconfig, Telnet Expert configuration > Setup > Config
EN
Reset button
This option controls the behavior of the reset button when it is pressed:
Ignore: The button is ignored.
Please observe the following notice: The settings 'Ignore' or 'Boot
only' makes it impossible to reset the configuration to the factory settings using the reset button.
If the password is lost for a device with this setting, there is no way to
access the configuration! In this case the serial communications interface can be used to upload a new firmware version to the device-this
resets the device to its factory settings, which results in the deletion
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Chapter 2: Installation
of the former configuration. Instructions on firmware uploads via the
serial configuration interface are available in the LCOS reference
manual.
Boot only: A press of the button prompts a restart, regardless of how
long the it is held down.
Power-over-Ethernet – elegant power supply through the LAN wiring
EN
LANCOM Access Points are prepared for the PoE power supply (Power-over-Ethernet), corresponding to the 802.3af standard. PoE- enabled network devices can be comfortably supplied
with power feeding through the LAN wiring. A separate external power supply for each base
station is unnecessary, which reduces the installation complexity considerably.
The power feeding into the LAN happens at a central position, either via a PoE power injector,
or via a so-called powerhub/powerswitch. For the LAN wiring is to note that all 8 wires must
be available by the cabling. PoE feeds the power over those four wires, which are normally
not used for data transfer.
Installation of single devices
230 V
Switch
PoE - 48 V
Power Injector
ACCESS POINT
Installation of several devices
230 V
PoE Switch 48 V
Power switch
ACCESS POINTACCESS POINT
The PoE supply works only in such network segments, in which exclusively PoE-capable
devices are operating. The protection of network devices without PoE support is guaranteed
by an intelligent mechanism, that tests the network segment for devices without PoE support
before starting the PoE power feeding. The power is only switched onto the segment, if only
devices with PoE support were detected.
In a PoE installation use exclusively devices which correspond to the 802.3af stand-
ard! For damages caused by inadmissible devices no warranty may be claimed.
For the LANCOM L-54 dual Wireless, two LAN sockets can be used for redundant
power supply. The device itself selects the power source to be used. If a power outage
causes a switch between power sources, the device reboots so that the power feed is
reactivated, if appropriate.
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Reset-or-boot (standard setting): Press the button briefly to restart
the device. Pressing the button for 5 seconds or longer restarts the
device and resets the configuration to its factory settings. All LEDs on
the device light up continuously. Once the switch is released the
device will restart with the restored factory settings.
After applying the reset, the device will start fresh with factory
2.2.6 Connecting the LANCOM Access Point
defaults. All settings will be lost. Therefore, you should save the current configuration if possible before the reset!
After a reset, the LANCOM access point returns to managed mode, in
which case the configuration cannot be directly accessed via the
WLAN interface!
Chapter 2: Installation
EN
LANCOM L-54 dual
Wireless
Installation of the access point devices involves the following steps:
Antennas —screw the supplied antennas onto the back side of the
device.
Antennas are only to be attached or changed when the device is
LAN – You can first connect the access point to your LAN. For that pur-
switched off. Mounting or demounting antennas while the device
switched on may cause the destruction of the WLAN module!
If the reverse SMA antennas are attached to the device directly, the
quality of data transfer may be compromised if both WLAN modules
are operated in the same frequency band at once. In this situation, at
least one of the wireless modules should be operated with an external
antenna.
pose, plug the included network cable (green plugs) into the LAN connector of the device or and the other end into a free network
connecting socket of your local network (resp. into a free socket of a hub/
switch). Alternatively, you can connect also a single PC.
The LAN connector identifies automatically the contact assignement
(Auto MDI/X) as well as the transfer rate (10/100 Mbp) of the connected
network device (autosensing).
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Chapter 2: Installation
For information about the installation of PoE see the info box ’Powerover-Ethernet – elegant power supply through the LAN wiring’
→ Page 20.
DSLoL – If you want to use your access point in DSLoL mode, you can
either connect the device directly to the DSL modem (exclusive mode) or
to a hub resp. switch of the cable-bound LAN (automatic mode).
For the exclusive mode insert the included network cable (green
EN
plugs) into the LAN connector of the device or and the other
end into the corresponding interface of the DSL modem.
For the automatic mode for simultaneous operating with LAN and
DSLoL insert the included network cable (green plugs) into the LAN
connector of the device or and the other end into a free network connecting socket of your local network (resp. into a free socket
of a hub/switch). More information about DSLoL can be found under
’LAN interface: exclusive or in parallel for DSLoL’ → Page 22.
LAN interface: Can be used exclusively or in parallel for DSLoL.
There are basically two possibilities for using the access point for DSLoL operation. Use exclusive mode when you wish to connect the device directly to the DSL modem. Use automatic
mode when you wish to connect it to a hub or switch on a wired LAN and the hub (or switch)
is connected to the DSL modem. If the
access point is advertised as a gateway
via DHCP, computers in the LAN and
wireless LAN can access the Internet via
one physical port simultaneously. You
can set the desired mode in LANconfig in
the interface settings of the DSLoL interface.
DSLoL supports all PPPoE-based Internet connections (such as T-DSL) as well as
Internet connections that have been implemented with static IP addresses via a router (for example CompanyConnect or various SDSL connections for business customers).
Connect up the power supply – Use the supplied power supply unit to
provide the device with power via connector Use the supplied power supply unit to provide the device with power via connector .
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Use only the supplied power supply unit! The use of the wrong power
Operational? – After a short device self-test the Power LED will be per-
supply unit can be of danger to the device or persons.
manently lit green resp. will blink alternately red and green as long as no
configuration password has been given.
2.3 Software installation
The following section describes the installation of the Windows-compatible
system software LANtools, as supplied.
You may skip this section if you use your LANCOM Access Point exclu-
sively with computers running operating systems other than Windows.
Chapter 2: Installation
EN
2.3.1 Starting Software Setup
Place the product CD into your drive. The setup program will start automatically.
If the setup does not start automatically, run AUTORUN.EXE in the
In Setup, select Install Software. The following selection menus will appear
on screen:
root directory of the product CD.
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Chapter 2: Installation
2.3.2 Which software should I install?
LANconfig is the Windows configuration program for all LANCOM
models. WEBconfig can be used alternatively or in addition via a web
browser.
With LANmonitor you can use a Windows computer to monitor all of
your LANCOMs.
EN
WLANmonitor enables the observation and surveillance of wireless
LAN networks. Clients connected to the access points are shown, and
even non-authenticated access points and clients can be displayed as
well (rogue AP detection and rogue client detection).
With Documentation you copy the documentation files onto your PC.
Select the appropriate software options and confirm your choice with
Next. The software is installed automatically.
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Chapter 3: Basic configuration
3 Basic configuration
The basic configuration is conducted with a convenient Setup Wizard that
provides step-by-step guidance through the configuration and that requests
any necessary information.
Unconfigured LANCOM Access Points with standard factory settings
cannot be commissioned by means of the WLAN interface.
First of all this chapter presents the information that has to be entered for the
basic configuration. This first section will help you to gather up all of the
necessary data before you start the Wizard.
You subsequently enter this information into the Setup Wizard. Starting the
program and the following procedure are described step by step. LANconfig
and WEBconfig each have their own description. With all of the necessary
information collected in advance, this basic configuration can now take place
quickly and in ease.
At the end of this chapter we show you the necessary settings for the workplace computers in the LAN so that they can access the device without problem.
For LANCOM Access Points that are unconfigured and in their factory settings,
the WLAN modules are switched off and set to the "Managed" operating
mode. The WLAN modules search the LAN for a LANCOM WLAN Controller
from which they can receive their WLAN-interface configuration profiles.
Once executed, the Basic Settings Wizard automatically resets the WLANmodule operating mode to "Access Point". The WLAN interface then has to be
configured manually.
EN
3.1 What details are necessary?
The Basic Settings Wizard is used to set the Access Points basic TCP/IP parameters and to protect the device with a configuration password. The following
description of the information required by the wizard is divided into the following configuration sections:
TCP/IP settings
Only activate the Basic Settings Wizard if the Access Point is not to be
configured from a WLAN-Controller. Subsequently execute the WLAN
Wizard → WLAN Configuration.
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Chapter 3: Basic configuration
Protecting the configuration
Wireless LAN details
Security settings
3.1.1 TCP/IP settings
TCP/IP configuration can be performed in two different ways: Either fully automatically or manually. No user input is required if TCP/IP configuration is per-
EN
formed automatically. All parameters are set by the Setup Wizard on its own.
When manual TCP/IP configuration is performed the wizard prompts for the
usual TCP/IP parameters: IP address, network mask etc. (more on this later)
The fully automatic TCP/IP configuration is only possible in certain network
environments. For this reason the Setup Wwizard analyses the connected LAN
to see whether fully automatic configuration is possible or not.
New LAN – fully automatic configuration possible
The setup wizard offers to configure TCP/IP fully automatically if no network
devices connected have yet been configured. This usually happens in the following situations:
Only a single PC is going to be attached to the Access Point
Setting up a new network
Fully automatic TCP/IP configuration will not be offered if you are integrating
the Access Point into an existing TCP/IP LAN. In this case please continue with
the section 'Required information for manual TCP/IP configuration'.
The result of fully automatic TCP/IP configuration is as follows: The Access
Point is assigned the IP address '172.23.56.254' (network mask
'255.255.255.0'). The integrated DHCP server is also activated so that the
Access Point can assign the devices in the LAN IP addresses automatically.
Should you still configure manually?
Fully automatic TCP/IP configuration is optional. Instead of this you can select
manual configuration. Make this selection after considering the following:
Select automatic configuration if you are not familiar with networks and
IP addresses.
Select manual TCP/IP configuration if you are familiar with networks and
IP addresses and one of the following statements is true:
You have not yet used any IP addresses in your network but would like
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to now; You would like to specify the IP address for the router yourself
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Chapter 3: Basic configuration
and would like to assign it a user-defined address from one of the
address ranges reserved for private use, for example '10.0.0.1' with
a network mask of '255.255.255.0'. If you do this you simultaneously
specify the address range that the DHCP server will subsequently use
for the other devices in the network (provided the DHCP server is activated).
You have so far also used IP addresses on the computers in the LAN.
Required information for manual TCP/IP configuration
When performing manual TCP/IP configuration the Setup Wwizard prompts
you for the following information:
DHCP mode of operation
Off: The IP addresses required must be entered manually.
Server: The Access Point operates as DHCP server in the network; as a
minimum its own IP address and the network mask must be assigned.
Client: The Access Point obtains its address information from another
DHCP server; no address information is required.
IP address and network mask for the Access Point
Assign the Access Point a free IP address from your LAN's address range
and enter the network mask.
Gateway address
Enter the gateway's IP address if you have selected 'Off' as the DHCP
mode of operation or if another network device is assuming the role of
gateway in the 'Server' mode of operation.
DNS server
EN
Enter the IP address of a DNS server to resolve domain names if you have
selected 'Off' as the DHCP mode of operation or if another network device
is assuming the role of DNS server in the 'Server' mode of operation.
3.1.2 Configuration protection
Using a password secures access to the Access Point's configuration and thus
prevents unauthorized modification. The device's configuration contains a
great deal of sensitive data such as data for Internet access and should be
protected by a password in all cases.
Multiple administrators can be set up in the configuration of the
LANCOM, each with differing access rights. Up to 16 different admi-
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Chapter 3: Basic configuration
nistrators can be set up for a Access Point. Further information can be
found in the LCOS reference manual under “Managing rights for different administrators”.
In the managed mode the LANCOM Wireless Routers and LANCOM
EN
Access Points automatically receive the same root password as the
WLAN-Controller, assuming that no root password has been set in the
device itself.
3.1.3 Settings for the wireless LAN
Network name (SSID)
The Basic Settings Wizard prompts for the access point's network name (frequently referred to as SSID – Service Set Identifier). The name is of your own
choice. Several access points with the same name form a common wireless
LAN.
Open or closed wireless LAN?
Mobile wireless devices select the desired wireless LAN by specifying the network name. Two methods serve to facilitate the specification of network
name:
Mobile wireless devices can search ("scan") the vicinity for wireless LANs
and offer the wireless LANs they find in a list for selection.
By using the network name 'ANY' the mobile wireless device registers with
the nearest available wireless LAN.
The wireless LAN can be "closed" in order to prevent this procedure. In this
case it will not accept any devices attempting to register with the network
name 'ANY'.
Selecting a radio channel
The access point operates in a specific radio channel. The radio channel is
selected from a list of up to 13 channels in the 2.4 frequency band or up to 19
channels in the 5 GHz frequency band (individual radio channels are blocked
in some countries. Please refer to the appendix for more details).
The channel and frequency range used determine the operation if the common wireless standard, with the 5 GHz frequency range corresponding to the
IEEE 802.11a/h standard and the 2.4 GHz frequency range determining operation in the IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11b standards.
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If no other access points are operating within the access point's range, any
radio channel can be set. Otherwise the channels in the 2.4 GHz band must
be selected in such a way that they do not overlap and are as far apart as possible. In the 5 GHz band the automatic setting, where the LANCOM Access
Point uses TPC and DFS to select the best channel is normally sufficient.
Please refer to the LCOS reference manual for more information on
TPC and DFS.
3.2 Instructions for LANconfig
Start up LANconfig by clicking Start Programs LANCOM
LANconfig. LANconfig automatically detects the new LANCOM devices in
the TCP/IP network.
If an unconfigured device is being found during searching, the setup
wizard starts that will help you make the basic settings of the device or
will even do all the work for you (provided a suitable network environment
exists).
Chapter 3: Basic configuration
EN
If you have chosen automatic TCP/IP configuration, please continue with
Step .
If the setup wizard does not start automatically, start a manual search
for new devices on all ports (if the LANCOM is connected via a serial
port) or in the network (Device Find).
If the setup wizard does not start automatically, start a manual search
for new devices in the network (Device Find).
If you cannot access an unconfigured LANCOM, the problem may be
due to the netmask of the LAN: with less than 254 possible hosts (netmask > '255.255.255.0'), please ensure that the IP address
'x.x.x.254' is located in your own subnet.
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If you would like to configure the TCP/IP settings manually, assign an avai-
lable address from a suitable address range to the LANCOM. Confirm your
choice with Next.
Specify whether or not the router should act as a DHCP server. Make your
selection and confirm with Next.
In the following window, specify the password for configuration access.
Note that the password is case-sensitive and ensure that it is sufficiently
EN
long (at least 6 characters).
In addition, you may specify whether the device may only be configured
from the local network or whether remote configuration via the WAN (i.e.
a remote network) is also permissible.
Please note that enabling this will also permit remote configuration
via the Internet. You should always make sure that the configuration
access is protected with a password.
Enter the wireless parameters. Select a network name (SSID) and a radio
channel. Turn on if necessary the function for ’closed network’. Confirm
your choice with Next.
In the next window, select your DSL provider from the list that is displayed.
If you select 'My provider is not listed here,' you must enter the transfer
protocol used by your DSL provider manually. Confirm your choice with
Next.
Connect charge protection can limit the cost of DSL connections to a pre-
determined amount if desired. Confirm your choice with Next.
Complete the configuration with Finish.
Section 'TCP/IP settings to workstation PCs' will describe the settings
required for the individual workstations in the LAN.
3.3 Instructions for WEBconfig
To configure the device with WEBconfig you must know how to address it in
the LAN. The reaction of the devices, as well as their accessibility for configuration via web browser is dependent on whether a DHCP server and a DNS
server are already active in the LAN, and whether these two server processes
exchange the assignment of IP addresses to symbolic names within the LAN
between each other.
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Chapter 3: Basic configuration
After powered on, unconfigured LANCOM devices check first, whether a DHCP
server is already active in the LAN. Dependent on the situation, the device is
able to switch on its own DHCP server or, alternatively, to activate its DHCP
client mode. In this second operating mode, the device itself can obtain an IP
address from a DHCP server already existing in the LAN.
If a LANCOM Wireless Router or LANCOM Access Point is centrally
managed from a LANCOM WLAN Controller, the DHCP mode is switched from auto-mode to client mode.
Network without DHCP server
EN
Not for centrally
managed LANCOM
Wireless Router or
LANCOM Access
Points
In a network without DHCP server, unconfigured LANCOM devices activate
their own DHCP server service after starting, and assign appropriate IP
addresses and gateway information to the other workstations within the LAN,
provided that the workstations are set to obtain their IP address automatically
(auto-DHCP). In this constellation, the device can be accessed with any web
browser from each PC with activated auto-DHCP function through the name
LANCOM or by its IP address 172.23.56.254.
http://LANCOM
http://172.23.56.254
If the configuration PC does not obtain its IP address from the LANCOM DHCP
server, figure out the current IP address of this PC (with Start Execute
cmd and command ipconfig at the prompt under Windows 2000 or Windows
XP, with Start Execute cmd and the command winipcfg at the prompt
under Windows Me and Windows 9x, or with the command ifconfig on the
console under Linux). In this case, the LANCOM is reachable under the IP
address x.x.x.254 ( “x” stands for the first three blocks in the IP address of
the configuration PC).
Network with DHCP server
If a DHCP server is active in the LAN to assign IP addresses, an unconfigured
LANCOM device will turn off its own DHCP server. It will change into DHCP
client mode and will obtain an IP address from the DHCP server of the LAN.
This IP address is not known at first. The accessibility of the device depends
on the name resolution:
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If there is a DNS server for name resolution in the LAN, which interchan-
ges the assignment of IP addresses to names with the DHCP server, then
the device can be accessed by the name “LANCOM <MAC address>” (e.g.
“LANCOM-00a057xxxxxx”).
EN
http://LANCOM-00a05700094A
The MAC address can be found on a label at the bottom of the device.
If there is no DNS server in the LAN, or it is not linked to the DHCP server,
then the device can not be reached by the name. The following options
remain in this case:
Figure out the DHCP-assigned IP address of the LANCOM by suitable
tools and contact the device directly with this IP address.
Use LANconfig.
Connect a PC with a terminal program via the serial configuration
interface to the device.
Starting the wizards in WEBconfig
Start your web browser (e.g. Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera) and call the
LANCOM there:
http://<IP address of the LANCOM>
(or with a name as discribed above)
The WEBconfig main menu will be displayed:
32
If you cannot access an unconfigured device, the problem may be due
to the netmask of the LAN: with less than 254 possible hosts (netmask
> '255.255.255.0'), please ensure that the IP address 'x.x.x.254' is
located in your own subnet.
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Chapter 3: Basic configuration
EN
If you have chosen automatic TCP/IP configuration, please continue with
Step .
If you would like to configure the TCP/IP settings manually, assign an avai-
lable address from a suitable address range to the LANCOM. Also set
whether or not it is to operate as a DHCP server. Confirm your entry with
Apply.
The setup wizards are tailored precisely to the functionality of the specific LANCOM model. As a result, your device may offer different
wizards than those shown here.
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Enter the wireless parameters. Select a network name (SSID) and a radio
channel. Turn on if necessary the function for ’closed network’. Confirm
your choice with Next.
In the following 'Security settings' window, specify a password for confi-
guration access. Note that the password is case-sensitive and ensure that
it is sufficiently long (at least 6 characters).
You may specify whether the device may only be configured from the local
EN
network or whether remote configuration via the WAN (i.e. a remote network) is also permissible.
Please note that enabling this will also permit remote configuration
via the Internet. You should always make sure that the configuration
access is suitably protected, e.g. with a password.
Entering the password in the web browser
When you are prompted for a user name and
password by your web browser when accessing
the device in the future, enter your personal
values to the corresponding fields. Please note
that the password is case-sensitive.
If you are using the common configuration
account, enter the corresponding password only.
Leave the user name field blank.
In the next window, select your DSL provider from the list that is displayed.
Confirm your choice with Apply.
If you select 'My provider is not listed here,' you must enter the transfer
protocol used by your DSL provider manually in the next window. Confirm
your choice with Apply.
Entering the configuration password
Connect charge protection can limit the cost of DSL connections to a pre-
determined amount if desired. Confirm your choice with Apply.
The basic setup wizard reports that all the necessary information has been
provided. You can end the wizard with Go on.
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Chapter 3: Basic configuration
3.4 TCP/IP settings to workstation PCs
The correct addressing of all devices within a LAN is extremely important for
TCP/IP networks. In addition, all computers must know the IP addresses of two
central points in the LAN:
Default gateway – receives all packets that are not addressed to compu-
ters within the local network.
DNS server – translates network names (www.lancom.de) or names of
computers (www.lancom.de) to actual IP addresses.
The LANCOM can perform the functions of both a default gateway and a DNS
server. In addition, as a DHCP server it can also automatically assign valid IP
addresses to all of the computers in the LAN.
The correct TCP/IP configuration of the PCs in the LAN depends on the method
used to assign IP addresses within the LAN:
IP address assignment via the LANCOM (default)
In this operating mode the LANCOM not only assigns IP addresses to the
PCs in the LAN, it also uses DHCP to specify its own IP address as that of
the default gateway and DNS server. The PCs must therefore be configured so that they automatically obtain their own IP address and the IP
addresses of the standard gateway and DNS server (via DHCP).
IP address assignment via a separate DHCP server
The workstation PCs must be configured so that they automatically obtain
their own IP address and the IP addresses of the standard gateway and
DNS server (via DHCP). The IP address of the LANCOM must be stored on
the DHCP server so that the DHCP server transmits it to the PCs in the LAN
as the standard gateway. In addition, the DHCP server should also specify
the LANCOM as a DNS server.
EN
Manual IP address assignment
If the IP addresses in the network are assigned static ally, then for each PC
the IP address of the LANCOM must be set in the TCP/IP configuration as
the standard gateway and as a DNS server.
For further information and help on the TCP/IP settings of your
LANCOM, please see the reference manual. For more information on
the network configuration of the workstation computers, please refer
to the documentation of your operating system.
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Chapter 4: Security settings
4 Security settings
Your LANCOM device has numerous security functions. You find in this chapter
all information needed for an optimal protection of the base station.
You can carry out the configuration of security settings very quickly
EN
4.1 Security for the Wireless LAN
Reflecting on Wireless LANs often entails substantial doubts concerning security. Many people suppose that abuse of data transmitted via radio links is
relatively simple.
Wireless LAN devices by LANCOM Systems permit the employment of modern
security technologies:
and conveniently with the Security Wizards in LANconfig and
WEBconfig.
Closed network
Access Control (via MAC addresses)
LANCOM Enhanced Passphrase Security
Encryption of data transfer (802.11i/WPA or WEP)
802.1x / EAP
optional IPSec over WLAN (VPN), in combination with external VPN gate-
way
4.1.1 Closed network
Each Wireless LAN according to IEEE 802.11 has its own network name (SSID).
This network name serves as identification and enables administration of
Wireless LANs.
A Wireless LAN can be established in such a way that any user gets access to
this network. Such networks are called open networks. Any user can access
an open network also without knowledge of the WLAN network name reserved specifically for this network. Only requirement is the input of the network
name 'ANY'.
In a closed network the access via 'ANY' is not possible. User have to specify
the correct network name. Unknown networks stay hidden to them.
Ad-hoc-networks are automatically installed as closed networks and cannot
be opened. Infrastructure networks can be run either in open or closed condition. You make the settings for this at the respective base station.
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4.1.2 Access control via MAC address
Each network device has an special identification number. This identification
number is the so-called MAC address (Media Access Control), which is world-
wide unique per device.
The MAC address is programmed into the hardware and cannot be changed.
Wireless LAN devices by LANCOM Systems have got a MAC address label on
the casing.
The access to an infrastructure network can be restricted to known MAC
addresses for certain Wireless LAN devices solely. To do so, Access Control lists
are available within the LANCOM base stations, in which the granted MAC
addresses can be deposited.
4.1.3 LANCOM Enhanced Passphrase Security
Chapter 4: Security settings
EN
With LEPS (LANCOM Enhanced Passphrase Security) LANCOM Systems has
developed an efficient method which uses the simple configuration of IEEE
802.11i with passphrase and yet which avoids the potential error sources of
passphrase sharing. LEPS uses an additional column in the ACL to assign an
individual passphrase consisting of any 4 to 64 ASCII characters to each MAC
address. The connection to the access point and the subsequent encryption
with IEEE 802.11i or WPA is only possible with the right combination of passphrase and MAC address.
LEPS can be used locally in the device and can also be centrally managed with
the help of a RADIUS server, and it works with all WLAN client adapters currently available on the market without modification. Full compatibility to
third-party products is assured as LEPS only involves configuration in the
access point.
An additional security aspect: LEPS can also be used to secure single pointto-point connections (P2P) with an individual passphrase. Even if an access
point in a P2P installation is stolen and the passphrase and MAC address
become known, all other WLAN connections secured by LEPS remain protected, particularly when the ACL is stored on a RADIUS server.
Guest access with LEPS: LEPS can also be set up to allow access to
guests. To this end, all users of the internal WLAN network are given
individual passphrases. Guests can make use of their own dedicated
SSID and a global passphrase. To avoid abuse, this global passphrase
can be changed on a regular basis—every few days, for example.
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Chapter 4: Security settings
4.1.4 Encryption of the data transfer
A special role comes up to the encryption of data transfer for Wireless LANs.
For IEEE 802.11 radio transfer the supplementing encryption standards are
802.11i/WPA and WEP. The function of the encryption is to ensure the security
level of cable-bound LANs also in Wireless LANs.
Use encryption on the data transferred in the WLAN. Activate the stron-
gest possible encryption available to you ((802.11i with AES, WPA or WEP)
EN
and enter the appropriate keys or passphrases into the access point and
the WLAN clients.
Regularly change the WEP keys in your access points. The passphrases for
802.11i or WPA do not have to be changed regularly as new keys are
generated for each connection anyway. This is not the only reason that the
encryption with 802.11i/AES or WPA/TKIP is so much more secure than
the now aged WEP method.
If the data is of a high security nature, you can further improve the encryp-
tion by additionally authenticating the client with the 802.1x method or
activate an additional encryption of the WLAN connection as used for VPN
tunnels ('IPSec over WLAN'). In special cases, a combination of these two
mechanisms is possible.
Further details to WLAN security and the used encoding methods can
be found in the LCOS reference manual.
4.1.5 802.1x / EAP
The international industry standard IEEE 802.1x and the Extensible Authenti-
cation Protocol (EAP) enables the realization of reliable and secure access
controls for base stations. The access data is centrally administered on a
RADIUS server then, and can be retrieved by the base station if required.
Moreover, this technology makes enables a secured dispatch and a regular
automatic change of WEP keys. In this way IEEE 802.1x improves the protection efforts of WEP.
In Windows XP the IEEE-802.1x technology is already integrated by default.
For other operating systems 802.1x client software is available.
The drivers for the LANCOM AirLancer wireless cards already feature an integrated 802.1x client.
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4.1.6 IPSec over WLAN
By means of IPSec over WLAN a radio network can be optimally secured in
addition to the already introduced securing mechanisms. In order to run IPSec
over WLAN you have to upgrade the base stations of the with the LANCOM
VPN option and the LANCOM Advanced VPN Client, which runs under the
operating systems Windows Vista
other operating systems client software from other manufacturers is available.
The drivers for the LANCOM AirLancer wireless adapter are already equipped
with a 802.1x client.
4.2 Tips for handling keys
The security of encryption procedures can be substantially increased the by
paying attention to some important rules for handling keys.
Chapter 4: Security settings
TM
, Windows 2000 and Windows XP. For
EN
Keep keys as secret as possible.
Never note a key. Popular, but completely unsuitable are for example:
notebooks, wallets and text files in PCs. Do not share a key unnecessarily.
Select a random key.
Use randomized keys of character and number sequences. Keys from the
general linguistic usage are insecure.
Change a key immediately in case of suspicion.
It is time to change the key of the Wireless LAN if an employee with access
to a key leaves your company. The key should also be renewed in case of
smallest suspicion of a leak.
LEPS prevents the global spread of passphrases.
Activate LEPS to enable the use of individual passphrases.
4.3 The security settings wizard
Access to the configuration of a device permits not only to read out critical
information (e.g. WEP key, Internet password). Rather, also the entire settings
of the security functions (e.g. firewall) can be altered then. So an unauthorized
configuration access endangers not only a single device, but the entire network.
Your LANCOM has a password protection for the configuration access. This
protection is already activated during the basic configuration by entering a
password.
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The device locks access to its configuration for a specified period of time after
a certain number of failed log-in attempts. Both the number of failed attempts
and the duration of the lock can be set as needed. By default, access is locked
for a period of five minutes after the fifth failed log-in attempt.
Besides these general settings you can also check the security settings of the
wireless network with the security wizard as far as your device has a WLAN
interface.
EN
4.3.1 Wizard for LANconfig
Mark your LANCOM in the selection window. Select from the command
bar Extras Setup Wizard.
Select in the selection menu the setup wizard Control Security Settings
and confirm your choice with Next.
Enter your password in the following windows and select the allowed pro-
tocols for the configuration access from local and remote networks.
In a next step parameters of the configuration lock like number of failed
log-in attempts and the duration of the lock can be adjusted.
Now you can set the security settings for the WLAN. These include the
name of the wireless network, the closed network function and the WEP
encryption. You can type in the parameters for both wireless networks
separately on devices with the option of a second WLAN interface.
Now you specify filter lists for stations (ACL) accessing the WLAN and pro-
tocols. Thereby, you restrict data exchange between the wireless network
and the local network.
Now activate Stateful Inspection, ping-blocking and Stealth mode in the
the firewall configuration.
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The wizard will inform you when entries are complete. Complete the con-
figuration with Finish.
4.3.2 Wizard for WEBconfig
Under WEBconfig you have the possibility to run the wizard Security settings
to control and change the settings. The following values are handled:
password for the device
Chapter 4: Security settings
allowed protocols for the configuration access of local and remote net-
works
parameters of configuration lock (number of failed log-in attempts and
duration of the lock)
security parameters as WLAN name, closed network function, WEP key,
ACL list and protocol filters
4.4 The security checklist
The following checklists provide an overview of all security settings that are
important to professionals. Most of the points in this checklist are uncritical
for simple configurations. In these cases, the security settings in the basic
configuration or that were set with the Security Wizard are sufficient.
Detailed information about the security settings mentioned here are
Have you secured your wireless network with encryption and
to be found in the reference manual.
access control lists?
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With the help of 802.11i, WPA or WEP, you can encrypt the data in your
wireless network with different encryption methods such as AES, TKIP or
WEP. LANCOM Systems recommends the strongest possible encryption
with 802.11i and AES. If the WLAN client adapters do not support these,
then you should use TKIP or at least WEP. Make sure that the encryption
function in your device is activated, and that at least one passphrase or
WEP key has been entered and selected for application.
To check the WEP settings, open LANconfig, go to the configuration area
and select ‘WLAN security’ on the '802.11i/WEP' tab to view the encryption settings for the logical and physical WLAN interfaces.
With the access control list (ACL) you can permit or prevent individual clients accessing your wireless LAN. The decision is based on the MAC
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address that is permanently programmed into wireless network adapters.
To check the access-control list, go to the configuration area in LANconfig
and select ‘WLAN security’ on the ‘Stations’ tab.
The LANCOM Enhanced Passphrase Security (LEPS) uses an additional
column in the ACL to assign an individual passphrase consisting of any 4
to 64 ASCII characters to each MAC address. The connection to the access
point and the subsequent encryption with IEEE 802.11i or WPA is only
EN
possible with the right combination of passphrase and MAC address.
Have you protected the configuration with a password?
The simplest way of protecting the configuration is to agree upon a password. If no password has been agreed for the device, the configuration is
open to be changed by anybody. The field for entering the password is to
be found in LANconfig in the 'Management' configuration area on the
'Security' tab. It is absolutely imperative to assign a password to the configuration if you want to enable remote configuration!
Have you permitted remote configuration?
If you do not require remote configuration, please ensure to switch it off.
If you need to make use of remote configuration, ensure that you do not
fail to password-protect the configuration (see the section above). The
field for disenabling remote configuration is to be found in LANconfig in
the 'Management' configuration area on the 'Security' tab. Under ‘Access
rights – From remote networks’ select the option ‘denied’ for all methods
of configuration.
Have you allowed configuration from the wireless LAN?
If you do not need to configure the device from the wireless LAN, switch
this function off. The field for disenabling configuration from the wireless
LAN is to be found in LANconfig in the 'Management' configuration area
on the 'Admin' tab. Under ‘Access rights – From the wireless LAN’ select
the option ‘denied’ for all methods of configuration.
Have your password-protected the SNMP configuration?
Protect the SNMP configuration with a password too. The field for password-protecting the SNMP configuration is also to be found in LANconfig
in the 'Management' configuration area on the 'Security' tab.
Have you activated the firewall?
The stateful inspection firewall of LANCOM devices ensures that you local
network cannot be attacked from the outside. Activate the firewall in
LANconfig under 'Firewall/QoS' on the 'General' tab.
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Are you using a 'deny all' firewall strategy?
Maximum security and control is initially achieved by denying all data
traffic from passing the firewall. The only connections to be accepted by
the firewall are those that are to be explicitly permitted. This ensures that
Trojan horses and certain types of e-mail virus are denied communication
to the outside. Activate the firewall rules in LANconfig under 'Firewall/
QoS' on the 'Rules' tab. Instructions on this are to be found in the reference manual.
Have you activated IP masquerading?
IP masquerading refers to the concealment of local computers while they
access the Internet. All that is revealed to the Internet is the IP number of
the router module of the device. The IP address can be fixed or dynamically assigned by the provider. The computers in the LAN then use the router as a gateway and are not visible themselves. The router separates the
Internet from the intranet like a wall. The application of IP masquerading
is set in the routing table for every route individually. The routing table can
be found in the LANconfig in the configuration area 'IP router' on the
'Routing' tab.
EN
Have you used filters to close critical ports?
The firewall filters in LANCOM devices offer filter functions for individual
computers or entire networks. It is possible to set up source and destination filters for individual ports or port ranges. Furthermore, filters can be
set for individual protocols or any combination of protocols (TCP/UDP/
ICMP). It is especially convenient to set up the filters with the aid of
LANconfig. Under 'Firewall/QoS', the 'Rules' tab contains the functions for
defining and editing filter rules.
Have you excluded certain stations from accessing the device?
A special filter list can be used to limit access to the device's internal functions via TCP/IP. The phrase "internal functions" refers to configuration
sessions via LANconfig, WEBconfig, Telnet or TFTP. As standard this table
contains no entries, meaning that computers with any IP address can use
TCP/IP and Telnet or TFTP to commence accessing the device. The first time
an IP address is entered with its associated netmask, the filter is activated
and only the IP addresses contained in this entry are entitled to make use
of internal functions. Further entries can be used to extend the circle of
authorized parties. The filter entries can describe individual computers or
even entire networks. The access list can be found in the LANconfig in the
configuration area 'TCP/IP' on the 'General' tab.
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Do you store your saved LANCOM configuration to a safe location?
Protect your saved configurations in a location that is safe from unauthorized access. Otherwise, by way of example, an unauthorized person may
load your stored configuration file into another device and they can access
the Internet at your expense.
Concerning the exchange of your particularly sensitive data via
wireless LAN; have you set up the functions offered by IEEE
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802.1x?
If you move especially sensitive data via wireless LAN you can provide
even stronger security by using the IEEE 802.1x technology. To check or
activate the IEEE 802.1x settings in LANconfig select the configuration
area '802.1x'.
Have you activated the protection of your WAN access in case the
device is stolen?
After being stolen, the device can theoretically be operated at another
location by unauthorized persons. Password-protected device configurations offer no protection from the operation of the RAS access, LAN coupling or VPN connections that are set up in the device; a thief could gain
access to a protected network.
The device’s operation can be protected by various means; for example, it
will cease to function if there is an interruption to the power supply, or if
the device is switched on in another location.
The scripting function can store the entire configuration in RAM only so
that restarting the device will cause the configuration to be deleted. The
configuration is not written to the non-volatile flash memory. A loss of
power because the device has been relocated will cause the entire configuration to be deleted (for further information see the reference manual).
Have you ensured that the reset button is safe from accidental
configuration resets?
Some devices simply cannot be installed under lock and key. There is consequently a risk that the configuration will be deleted by mistake if a coworker presses the reset button too long. The behavior of the reset button
can be set so that a press is either ignored or it causes a re-start, depending on the time for which it is held pressed.
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5 Advanced wireless LAN configuration
Highly convenient installation wizards are available to help you with the configuration of LANCOM Access Points for your wireless LAN.
The settings include the general shared parameters and also the individual
settings for one or more logical wireless LAN networks (WLAN radio cells or
SSIDs).
5.1 WLAN configuration with the wizards in LANconfig
Highly convenient installation wizards are available to help you with the configuration of LANCOM Access Points for your wireless LAN.
The settings include the general shared parameters and also the individual
settings for one or more logical wireless LAN networks (WLAN radio cells or
SSIDs).
EN
Mark your LANCOM Access Point in the selection window in LANconfig.
From the command line, select Extras Setup Wizard.
In the selection menu, select the Setup Wizard, Configure WLAN inter-
face and confirm the selection with Continue.
Make the settings as requested by the wizard and as described as follows.
Country settings
Regulations for the operation of WLAN cards differ from country to country.
The use of some radio channels is prohibited in certain countries. To operate
the LANCOM Access Points while observing the regulations in various countries, all physical WLAN interfaces can be set up for the country where they
are operated.
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WLAN module operation
The WLAN modules can be operated in various operating modes:
As a base station (Access Point mode), the device makes the link between
WLAN clients and the cabled LAN. Parallel to this, point-to-point connections are possible as well.
In Managed Mode the Access Points also accept WLAN clients into the
network, although the clients then join a WLAN infrastructure that is con-
EN
figured by a central WLAN-Controller. In this operating mode, no further
WLAN configuration is necessary as all WLAN parameters are provided by
the WLAN-Controller.
In client mode, the device itself locates the connection to another Access
Point and attempts to register with a wireless network. In this case the
device serves, for example, to link a cabled network device to an Access
Point over a wireless connection. In this operating mode, parallel pointto-point connections are not possible.
For further information please refer to section → Client Mode.
For devices with two WLAN modules, the operating mode can be set
Physical WLAN settings
Along with the radio channels, the physical WLAN settings can also be used
to activate options such as the bundeling of WLAN packets (TX Burst), hardware compression, or the use of QoS compliant with 802.11e. You also control
the settings for the diversity behavior here.
Logical WLAN networks
Each WLAN module can support up to eight logical WLAN networks for
mobile WLAN clients to register with. The following parameters have to be set
when configuring a logical WLAN network:
The network name (SSID)
separately for each module so that, for example, one WLAN module
works in managed mode and another operates as a stand-alone
Access Point.
Open or closed radio LAN
Encryption settings
MAC filter
Client-bridge operation
Filter settings
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Point-to- point settings
The configuration of P2P connections involves setting not only the operating
mode but also the station name that the Access Point can connect to. Also,
the role as "Master" or "Slave" is set here.
Along with the settings for the Access Point itself, also to be defined is the
remote site that the Access Point can contact via the P2P connection.
For further information please refer to section → Point-to-point connections.
5.2 Point-to- point connections
LANCOM Access Points can serve not only as central stations in a wireless network, they can also operate in point-to-point mode to bridge longer distances. For example, they can provide a secure connection between two
networks that are several kilometers apart — without direct cabling or expensive leased lines.
EN
BUILDING
BUILDING
WLAN Router ANTENNA
ANTENNA
ACCESS POINT
BUILDING
ACCESS POINTANTENNA
The behavior of an access point when exchanging data with other access
points is defined in the "Point-to-point operation mode".
Off: The access point only communicates with mobile clients
To: The access point can communicate with other access points and with
mobile clients
Exclusive: The access point only communicates with other base stations
In the 5 -GHz band, the automatic search for vacant WLAN channels can lead
to several simultaneous test transmissions from multiple access points, with
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the result that they do not find each other. This stalemate situation can be
avoided with the appropriate "Channel selection scheme":
Master: This access point takes over the leadership when selecting a free
WLAN channel.
Slave: All other access points will search for a channel until they have
found a transmitting Master.
EN
ANTENNE
MASTER ANTENNE
ANTENNE
SLAVE
SLAVE
Thus it is recommended for the 5 GHz band that one central access point
should be configured as 'Master' and all other point-to-point partners should
be configured as 'Slave'. In the 2.4 GHz band, too, this setting simplifies the
establishment of point-to-point connections if the automatic channel search
is activated.
It is imperative that the channel selection scheme is configured cor-
rectly if the point-to-point connections are to be encrypted with
802.11i/WPA.
5.2.1 Geometric dimensioning of outdoor wireless network links
The following basic questions must be answered when designing wireless
links:
What antennas must be used for the desired application?
How must the antennas be positioned to ensure a problem-free connec-
tion?
What performance characteristics do the antennas need to ensure suffi-
cient data throughput within the legal limits?
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Selection of antennas using the LANCOM Antenna Calculator
You can use the LANCOM Antenna Calculator to calculate the output power
of the access points as well as the achievable distances and data rates. The
program can be downloaded from our website at www.lancom.eu
After selecting your components (access points, antennas, lightning protection and cable) the calculator works out the data rates, ranges, and the
antenna gain settings that have to be entered into the access point.
.
Please note that when using 5 GHz antennas additional technologies
EN
such as dynamic frequency selection (DFS) may be stipulated depending on the country of use. The operator of the wireless LAN system is
responsible for ensuring that local regulations are met.
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Positioning the antennas
Antennas do not broadcast their signals linearly, but within an angle that
depends on the model in question. The spherical expansion of the signal
waves results in amplification of or interference to the effective power output
at certain intervals of the connection between the transmitter and receiver.
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The areas where the waves amplify or cancel themselves out are known as
Fresnel zones.
Protecting the components employed from the consequences of
lightning strikes and other electrostatic influences is one of the
most important aspects in the design and installation of wireless
LAN systems for outdoor use. Please refer to the appropriate notes
on → 'Lightning and surge protection' as otherwise LANCOM Systems cannot provide any guarantee for damage to the LANCOM
and AirLancer components.
Information on the installation of WLAN systems for outdoor
deployment is available in the 'LANCOM Outdoor Wireless Guide'.
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Fresnel zone 3
Fresnel zone 2
Fresnel zone 1
ADMINISTRATION
Distance d
ANTENNA
WLAN Router
Radius R
ACCESS POINT
ANTENNA
PRODUCTIONOBSTRUCTION
The Fresnel zone 1 must remain free from obstruction in order to ensure that
the maximum level of output from the transmitting antenna reaches the receiving antenna. Any obstructing element protruding into this zone will significantly impair the effective signal power. The object not only screens off a
portion of the Fresnel zone, but the resulting reflections also lead to a significant reduction in signal reception.
The radius (R) of Fresnel zone 1 is calculated with the following formula assuming that the signal wavelength (
λ) and the distance between transmitter
and receiver (d) are known.
R = 0.5 *
The wavelength in the 2.4 GHz band is approx. 0.125 m, in the 5 GHz band
approx. 0.05 m.
Example: With a separating distance of 4 km between the two antennae, the
radius of Fresnel zone 1 in the 2.4-GHz band is 11 m, in the 5-GHz band 7 m.
√ (λ * d)
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To ensure that the Fresnel zone 1 remains unobstructed, the height of the
antennas must exceed that of the highest obstruction by this radius. The full
height of the antenna mast (M) should be as depicted:
Fresnel zone 1
EN
Radius R
Safety: 1m
OBSTRUCTION
ANTENNA
WLAN Router
PRODUCTION
ADMINISTRATION
ANTENNA
Obstruction height H
WLAN Router
Earth's curvature E
M = R + 1m + H + E (earth's curvature)
The allowance for the curvature of the earth (E) can be calculated at a distance
(d) as E = d² * 0.0147 – i.e. at a distance of 8 km this is almost 1m
Example: With a distance of 8 km between the antennae, the result in the
2.4-GHz band is a mast height above the level of the highest obstruction of
approx. 13 m, in the 5-GHz band 9 m.
Antenna power
The power of the antennas must be high enough to ensure acceptable data
transfer rates. On the other hand, the country-specific legal regulations regarding maximum transmission power should not be exceeded.
52
The calculation of effective power considers everything from the radio module
in the transmitting access point to the radio module in the receiving access
point. In between there are attenuating elements such as the cable, plug connections or simply the air transmitting the signals and amplifying elements
such as the external antennas.
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Amplification with
antenna gain
Free-space loss
Amplification with
antenna gain
ANTENNA
Loss through
cable, plugs and
lightning protec-
SA-5L SA-5L
tion
Output power of the
cable, plugs and
lightning protec-
Input signal at the
radio module
ADMINISTRATION
WLAN Router
5.2.2 Antenna alignment for P2P operations
The precise alignment of the antennas is of considerable importance in establishing P2P connections. The more central the receiving antenna is located
in the "ideal line" of the transmitting antenna, the better are the actual performance and the effective bandwidth . If the receiving antenna is outside
of this ideal area, however, significant losses in performance will be the result
.
Loss through
tion
radio module
ANTENNA
ACCESS POINT
EN
PRODUCTION
VERWALTUNG
The current signal quality over a P2P connection can be displayed on the
device's LEDs or in the LANmonitor in order to help find the best possible
alignment for the antennas.
ANTENNE
ANTENNE
ANTENNE
WLAN Router
ACCESS POINT
PRODUKTION
You can find further information on the geometrical design of wireless
paths and the alignment of antennas with the help of LANCOM software in the LCOSreference manual.
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The display of signal quality on the LEDs must be activated for the wireless
LAN interface (LANconfig: Wireless LAN General Physical WLAN
settings Operation). The faster the LED blinks the better the connection
(a blinking frequency of 1 Hz represents a signal quality of 10 dB, double the
frequency indicates that the signal strength is twice as high).
EN
In LANmonitor the connection quality display is opened with the context
menu. Right-clicking with the mouse on 'Point-to-point' activates the option
'Adjusting Point-to-Point WLAN Antennas...'
The 'Point-to-point' entry is only visible in the LANmonitor if the
In the dialog for setting up point-to-point connections, LANmonitor prompts
for the information required to establish the P2P connection:
monitored device has at least one base station defined as a remote
station for a P2P connection (LANconfig: Wireless LAN General
Physical WLAN settings Point-to- Point).
Is the P2P connection configured at both ends (remote base station defi-
ned with MAC address or station name)?
Is the point-to-point mode of operation activated?
Which access point is to be monitored? All of the base stations defined as
P2P remote stations in the device concerned can be selected here.
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Are both antennas approximately aligned? The basic P2P connection has
to be working before fine-tuning can be performed with the aid of
LANmonitor.
Once signal monitoring has commenced, the P2P dialog displays the absolute
values for the current signal strength and the maximum value since starting
the measurement. The development of the signal strength over time and the
maximum value are displayed in a diagram, too.
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5.2.3 Configuration of P2P connections
Configuration with
LANconfig
Initially only one of the two antennas should be adjusted until a maximum
value is achieved. This first antenna is then fixed and the second antenna is
then adjusted to attain the best signal quality.
In the configuration of point-to-point connections, entries have to be made
for the point-to-point operation mode, the channel selection scheme and the
MAC addresses of the remote sites.
For configuration with LANconfig you will find the settings for P2P connections under the configuration area 'Interfaces' on the 'Wireless LAN' tab.
The configuration of the P2P connections can also be carried out with
Click on the button Physical WLAN settings to open the corresponding
Activate the suitable point-to-point operation mode here and set the
the WLAN Wizards in LANconfig.
WLAN interface and select the tab for 'Point-to-Point'.
channel selection scheme to either 'Master' or 'Slave'. If the peers of the
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P2P connections are to be identified via their station names, then enter a
unique name for this WLAN station.
For models with multiple WLAN modules, the station name can be
EN
entered separately for each physical WLAN interface.
Close the physical WLAN settings and open the list of Point- to-point
partners. For each of the maximum of six P2P connections, enter either
the MAC address of the WLAN card at the remote station or enter the
WLAN station's name (depending on the chosen method of identification).
Please observe that only the MAC addresses of the WLAN cards at the
other end of the connections are to be entered here! Not the access
point's own MAC address, and not the MAC addresses from any other
interfaces that may be present in the access points.
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You will find the WLAN MAC address on a sticker located under each of the
antenna connectors. Only use the string that is marked as the "WLAN MAC"
or "MAC-ID". The other addresses that may be found are not the WLAN MAC
address but the LAN MAC address.
Alternatively you will find the MAC addresses for the WLAN cards in the
devices under WEBconfig, Telnet or a terminal program under the following
paths:
Configuration tool Menu/Table
EN
Configuration with
WEBconfig or Telnet
5.2.4 Access points in relay mode
WEBconfig Expert configuration Status WLAN-statistics Inter-
face-statistics
Terminal/Telnet
Status/WLAN-statistics/Interface-statistics
Under WEBconfig or Telnet you can set the settings for the point-to-point
connections under the following paths:
Configuration tool Menu/Table
WEBconfig Expert configuration Setup Interfaces WLAN- Inter-
faces Interpoint-Settings
Terminal/Telnet
cd /Setup/Interfaces/WLAN-Interfaces/
Interpoint-Settings
Access points equipped with two wireless modules can be used to establish
wireless bridges across multiple stations. Each wireless module is configured
as a 'Master' and then 'Slave' in turn.
GEBÄUDE
WLAN Router ANTENNE
ANTENNA
MasterSlaveMaster Slave
BUILDING
DUAL RADIO AP ANTENNE
ANTENNA
BUILDING
DUAL RADIO AP ANTENNA
LAPTOP/W-LAN
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The use of relay stations each equipped with two WLAN modules
simultaneously solves the problem of the "hidden station", by which
the MAC addresses of the WLAN clients are not transferred over multiple stations.
5.2.5 Security for point-to- point connections
IEEE 802.11i can be used to attain a significant increase in the security of
EN
WLAN point-to-point connections. All of the advantages of 802.11i such as
the simple configuration and the powerful encryption with AES are thus available for P2P mode, as are the improved security of the passphrase from the
LANCOM Enhance Passphrase Security (LEPS).
Encryption with 802.11i/WPA
To activate the 802.11i encryption for a correctly configured P2P connection,
adjust the settings for the first logical WLAN network in the appropriate
WLAN interface (i.e. WLAN-1 if you are using the first WLAN card for the P2P
connection, WLAN-2 if you are using the second card, e.g. as with an access
point with two WLAN modules).
Configuration with
LANconfig
Activate the 802.11i encryption.
Select the method '802.11i (WPA)-PSK'.
Enter the passphrase to be used.
The passphrases should consist of a random string at least 22 charac-
When set as P2P Master, the passphrase entered here will be used to check
the Slave's authorization to access. When set as P2P Slave, the access point
transfers this information to register with the remote site.
For configuration with LANconfig you will find the encryption settings under
the configuration area 'Wireless LAN' on the '802.11i/WEP' tab.
ters long, corresponding to a cryptographic strength of 128 bits.
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Configuration with
WEBconfig or Telnet
The encryption settings for the individual logical WLAN networks can be
found under WEBconfig or Telnet under the following paths:
Configuration tool Menu/Table
WEBconfig Expert configuration Setup Interfaces WLAN- Inter-
faces Encryption-Settings
Terminal/Telnet
/Setup/Interfaces/WLAN-Interfaces/Encryption-Settings
LEPS for P2P connections
A further gain in security can be attained by additionally using LANCOM
Enhanced Passphrase Security (LEPS) which involves the matching of MAC
address and passphrase.
LEPS can be used to secure single point-to- point (P2P) connections with an
individual passphrase. Even if an access point in a P2P installation is stolen
and the passphrase and MAC address become known, all other WLAN connections secured by LEPS remain secure.
When using LANconfig for the configuration, you enter the passphrases of the
stations approved for the WLAN in the configuration area 'Wireless LAN' on
the 'Stations' tab under the button Stations.
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Chapter 5: Advanced wireless LAN configuration
EN
Configuration with
WEBconfig or Telnet
5.3 Client mode
The access list for the matching of MAC addresses to the passphrases (LEPS)
can be found under WEBconfig or Telnet under the following paths:
Configuration tool Menu/Table
WEBconfig Expert configuration Setup WLAN-module Access-list
Terminal/Telnet
Setup/WLAN-module/Access-list
To connect individual devices with an Ethernet interface into a wireless LAN,
LANCOM devices with a WLAN module can be switched to "client mode",
whereupon they act as conventional wireless LAN adapters and not as access
points (AP). The use of client mode therefore allows devices fitted with only
an Ethernet interface, such as PCs and printers, to be integrated into a wireless LAN.
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Chapter 5: Advanced wireless LAN configuration
DRUCKER
WLAN device in
client mode
ACCESS POINT
WLAN device in
client mode
SERVER
LAN
ACCESS POINT
WLAN device in
AP mode
Multiple WLAN clients can register with a WLAN device in AP mode,
which is not the case for a WLAN device in client mode.
5.3.1 Client settings
For LANCOM Access Points and LANCOM Wireless Routers in client mode,
further settings/client behavior can be configured from the 'Client mode' tab
under the settings for the physical interfaces.
ACCESS POINT
LAPTOP/W-LAN
PC
EN
To edit the settings for client mode in LANconfig, go to the 'Client mode'
tab under the physical WLAN settings for the desired WLAN interface.
The configuration of the client settings can also be carried out with
the WLAN Wizards in LANconfig.
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Chapter 5: Advanced wireless LAN configuration
In 'Scan bands', define whether the client station scans just the 2.4 GHz,
just the 5 GHz, or all of the available bands to locate an access point.
Under WEBconfig or Telnet the settings for client mode can be found
under the following paths:
Configuration tool Menu/Table
EN
WEBconfig
Terminal/Telnet
Expert configuration
modes
Setup/Interfaces/WLAN/
Client modes
Setup Interfaces WLAN Client
5.3.2 Set the SSID of the available networks
In the WLAN clients, the SSIDs of the networks to which the client stations are
to connect must be entered.
To enter the SSIDs, change to the 'General' tab under LANconfig in the
'Wireless LAN' configuration area. In the 'Interfaces' section, select the
first WLAN interface from the list of logical WLAN settings.
Enable the WLAN network and enter the SSID of the network the client
station should log onto.
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Chapter 5: Advanced wireless LAN configuration
Under WEBconfig or Telnet the network settings for the logical WLAN
interfaces can be found under the following paths:
Configuration tool Menu/Table
WEBconfig
Terminal/Telnet
5.3.3 Encryption settings
For access to a WLAN, the appropriate encryption methods and key must be
set in the client station.
To enter the key, change to the '802.11i/WEP' tab under LANconfig in the
'Wireless LAN' configuration area. From 'WPA / private WEP settings',
select the first WLAN interface from the list of logical WLAN settings.
Expert configuration
work
Setup/Interfaces/WLAN/
Network settings
Setup Interfaces WLAN Net-
EN
Enable encryption and match the encryption method to the settings for
the access point.
In WLAN client operating mode, the LANCOM Access Points and LANCOM
Wireless Routers can authenticate themselves to another access point
using EAP/802.1X. For this, select the desired client EAP method here.
Note that the selected client EAP method must match the settings of the
access point that the device is attempting to log onto.
Depending on the EAP method, the appropriate certificates must be
stored in the device.
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Chapter 5: Advanced wireless LAN configuration
For TTLS and PEAP - the EAP/TLS root certificate only; the key is ente-
red as a combination username:password.
For TLS in addition; the EAP/TLS device certificate including the private
key.
Under WEBconfig or Telnet the network settings for the logical WLAN
interfaces can be found under the following paths:
EN
Configuration tool Call
WEBconfig, Telnet Expert configuration > Setup > Interfaces > WLAN > Encryp-
tion > WLAN 1
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Chapter 6: Setting up Internet access
6 Setting up Internet access
The LANCOM provides a central point of Internet access for all of the computers in the LAN. The connection to the Internet provider can be established via
the WAN connection which is connected to an ADSL or cable modem. For
models not equipped with a WAN connector, a LAN interface is configured as
a DSLoL connector and is connected to a compatible ADSL modem.
HEADQUARTER
EN
INTERNET
SERVER
LAN
GATEWAYROUTER
Does the Setup Wizard know your Internet provider?
The Wizard is preset with access data for the principal Internet providers in
your country and offers you a selection list. If you find your Internet provider
in this list, then you generally do not have to enter any additional parameters
to set up your Internet access. All that is required is the authentication data
as supplied to you by your Internet provider.
Internet provider unknown
If the list in the Setup Wizard does not contain your provider, you will be asked
step- by- step for all of the necessary data. This access data will have been supplied to you by your Internet provider.
Other connection options
In addition you can use the Wizard to activate or deactivate additional options
(if supported by your Internet provider):
Billing by time or flatrate – select the method by which you are billed by
your Internet provider.
In case of billing by time, you can set the LANCOM to cut connections
automatically if no data flows for a certain time (the hold time).
You can also set up line polling that detects inactive remote stations
very quickly and, in such cases, can close the connection before the
hold time expires.
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Chapter 6: Setting up Internet access
In case of flatrate billing you can also set up line polling to monitor
the function of the remote station.
Apart from that you can opt to keep flatrate connections permanently
active ("keep-alive"). In case a connection should fail, it is re-established automatically.
6.1 The Internet Connection Wizard
EN
6.1.1 Instructions for LANconfig
Mark your device in the selection window. From the command line, select
Extras Setup Wizard.
In the selection menu, select the Setup Wizard, Set up Internet connec-
tion and confirm the selection with Next.
In the following windows you select your country, your Internet provider
if possible, and you enter your access data.
Depending on availability the Wizard provides further options for your
Internet connection.
The Wizard will inform you as soon as the entries are complete. Close the
configuration with Finish.
LANconfig: Fast activation of the Setup
Wizards
The fastest way of starting the Setup Wizards
under LANconfig is to use the command button
in the button bar.
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6.1.2 Instructions for WEBconfig
Select the entry Set up Internet connection from the main menu.
In the following windows you select your country, your Internet provider
if possible, and you enter your access data.
Depending on availability the Wizard provides further options for your
Internet connection.
Chapter 6: Setting up Internet access
The wizard will inform you as soon as the entries are complete. Close the
configuration with Finish.
6.2 The Firewall Wizard
Your LANCOM features a stateful inspection firewall and firewall filter that
provides effective protection from the Internet for your WLAN. The core concept of the stateful inspection firewall is that the only data transfers that are
considered to be valid are those implemented by the protected device itself.
All access attepts that were not requested from within the local network are
invalid.
The Firewall Wizard assists you to generate new rules for the firewall quickly
and conveniently.
More information on your LANCOM's firewall and its configuration are available in the reference manual.
6.2.1 LANconfig Wizard
EN
Mark your LANCOM in the selection window. From the command line,
select Extras Setup Wizard.
In the selection menu, select the Setup Wizard, Configure firewall and
confirm the selection with Continue.
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Chapter 6: Setting up Internet access
In the windows that follow you select the services/protocols that the rule
is to relate to. In the next step you define the source and destination stations that the rule applies to, and the actions that are to be carried out by
the rule on a data packet.
Finally the new rule is given a name, it is activated, and you define whe-
ther further rules are to be considered when the rule acts on a data
packet.
EN
The wizard will inform you as soon as the entries are complete. Close the
configuration with Finish.
6.2.2 Configuration under WEBconfig
WEBconfig provides the option of checking and altering the parameters for
Internet access under Configuration Firewall / QoS Rules Rule
table.
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Chapter 7: Options and accessories
7 Options and accessories
Your LANCOM device has numerous extensibilities and the possibility to use a
broad choice of LANCOM accessories. You find in this chapter information
about the available accessories and how to use them with your base station.
The range of the base station can be increased by optional antennas of
the AirLancer series and can be adapted to special conditions of environs.
With the LANCOM Public Spot Option option it is possible to extend the
LANCOM for additional billing and accounting functions in order to
upgrade it to a Wireless Public Spot.
7.1 Optional LANCOM WLAN antennas
To increase the range of the LANCOM base station or to adapt the base station
to special conditions of environs, you can connect LANCOM WLAN antennas
at the base station. An overview of suitable antennas can be found on the
LANCOM web site under www.lancom.eu.
For help with calculating the correct antenna setup for external
LANCOM AirLancer Extender antennas or for antennas of other vendors, please refer to www.lancom.eu
When installing external antennas, ensure that you observe the statutory limitations of the country in which the WLAN device is being operated. To help with this, you can enter the transmitting power minus
the cable loss into the LANCOM configuration. These data enable
LCOS to automatically calculate the correct transmitting power for the
selected country.
EN
The employment of the AirLancer Extender SA-5L for internal lightning protection is essential under all circumstances—the
AirLancer Extender SA-5L is always mounted between the Access
Point and the antenna, preferably as near as possible to the antenna.
Antennas are only to be attached or changed when the device is
switched off. Mounting or demounting antennas while the device
switched on may cause the destruction of the WLAN module!
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Chapter 7: Options and accessories
7.1.1 Antenna Diversity
The transmission of radio signals can suffer from significant signal losses
because of reflection and scatter, among other reasons. In some areas, the
interaction with the reflected radio waves can cause a drop in signal strength,
or even cause it to be cancelled out completely.
Transmission quality can be improved with so-called "diversity" methods. The
principle of diversity methods relies on the fact that a transmitted signal is
EN
often received multiple times (generally twice). With appropriate processing,
these signals can be re-combined into a single signal. The most common
methods are space diversity and polarization diversity.
LANCOM Systems supplies a variety of polarization-diversity antennas as
accessories for LANCOM Access Points and LANCOM Wireless Routers. These
models enable two orthogonally polarized signals to be received with a single
antenna. Further information about this technique is available in our "Polarization Diversity" techpaper.
7.1.2 Installation of AirLancer Extender antennas
LANCOM L-54 dual
Wireless
Polarization diversity antennas from LANCOM Systems:
AirLancer Extender O-D80g (2.4 GHz band ), item no. 61221
AirLancer Extender O-D60a (5 GHz band ), item no. 61222
AirLancer Extender O-D9a (5 GHz), item no. 61224
Before mounting external antennas, please observe the information
on lightning protection in the LANCOM Outdoor Wireless Guide (available as a download from www.lancom.eu
). Mounting antennas without adequate lightning protection could lead to serious damage to
the access point and the network infrastructure connected to it.
For installation of an optional AirLancer antenna turn off the LANCOM by pulling out the power supply cable of the device. Remove now carefully the two
diversity antennas on the back by screwing them out. Connect the AirLancer
antennas to the antenna connector with the inscription ’Antenna Main’.
’Antenna Main’ connector for AirLancer antenna
Aux 2 Aux 1 Main 2 Main 1
70
ETH 2 ETH 1
Config (COM)
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Chapter 7: Options and accessories
LANCOM L-54g
Wireless
LANCOM L-54ag
Wireless
7.2 LANCOM Public Spot Option
’Antenna Main’ connector for AirLancer antenna
AC 12 VAntenna Aux Antenna Main
LAN 10/100 Mb
Reset
Wireless public spots are publicly accessible points, at which users with their
own mobile computers can dial wirelessly into a network, usually into the
Internet.
Please note that the operation of a Access Point with LANCOM
Public Spot Option (sometimes referred as HotSpot) is possibly subject to certain legal regulations. Please inform yourself concerning
relevant regulations before installing a Access Point. Further information to this topic can be found in our whitepaper „Public Spots
- Operators' rights and obligations“, available as download from
www.lancom.eu
.
EN
The Wireless LAN technology is ideally suitable to offer wireless Internet services to the public at places such as airports, hotels, stations, restaurants or
cafés, so-called Public Hot Spots. The LANCOM Public Spot Option is intended
for operators of public wireless networks, and unveils additional functions for
authentication and billing of public Internet services for the LANCOM, thus
enabling a simple set-up and maintenance of public hot spots.
The authentication and billing of the individual users is realized via user-friendly web sites, so that client PCs with a Wi-Fi certificated radio card (e.g.
AirLancer) and a standard Internet browser can directly go online.
The LANCOM Public Spot Option is the optimal solution for public Wireless
LANs. Wireless LANs are very suitable for company networks and for wireless
networking at home. But for public access services, there is a lack of mechanisms for authentication and billing of single users (AAA - Authentication /
Authorisation / Accounting). This lack remedies the LANCOM Systems Open
User Authentication (OUA), the main part of the LANCOM Public Spot Option.
The OUA procedure realizes the authentication of all wireless clients via user
name and password, and checks the authorization of single users via RADIUS.
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Chapter 7: Options and accessories
Accounting data (online time and data volume) can be transferred per user
and per session to a central RADIUS server. Client PCs need only radio card
(e.g. AirLancer), TCP/IP and an Internet browser. Additional software is not
needed. Therefore, the public spot option is ideally suitable to install wireless
Internet access services in hotels, restaurants, cafés, airports, stations, exhibition centres or universities.
EN
Authentication
Mobile user
Authorisation,
Accounting
HTTP/
HTTPS
Router
Service-
Provider
RADIUS-
Server
RADIUS
Internet
With the LANCOM Public Spot Option you extend a base station additionally
with these functions and upgrade it to a Wireless Public Spot.
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8Troubleshooting
In this chapter, you will find suggestions and assistance for a few common difficulties.
8.1 No DSL connection is established
After start-up the router automatically attempts to connect to the DSL provider. During this process, the LAN-link LED will blink green. If successful, the
LED will switch over to steady green. If, however, the connection can't be
established, the LAN-link LED will light up red. The reason for this is usually
one of the following:
Problems with the cabling?
Only the cable provided with your device should be used to connect to DSL.
This cable must be connected to the Ethernet port of your broadband access
device. The LAN link LED must light green indicating the physical connection.
Chapter 8: Troubleshooting
EN
Has the correct transfer protocol been selected?
The transfer protocol is set along with the basic settings. The basic setup wizard will enter the correct settings for numerous DSL providers automatically.
Only if your DSL provider is not listed, you will have to enter manually the protocol being used. In any case, the protocol that your DSL provider supplies you
with should definitely work.
You can monitor and correct the protocol settings under:
Configuration tool Run command
LANconfig Management Interfaces Interface settings WAN Inter-
face
WEBconfig Expert Configuration Setup Interfaces WAN Interface
8.2 DSL data transfer is slow
The data transfer rate of an broadband (Internet) DSL connection is dependent
upon numerous factors, most of which are outside of one's own sphere of
influence. Important factors aside from the bandwidth of one's own Internet
connection are the Internet connection and current load of the desired target.
Numerous other factors involving the Internet itself can also influence the
transfer rate.
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Chapter 8: Troubleshooting
Increasing the TCP/IP window size under Windows
If the actual transfer rate of a DSL connection is significantly below the fastest
rate listed by the provider, there are only a few possible causes (apart from the
above-mentioned external factors) which may involve one's own equipment.
One common problem occurs when large amounts of data are sent and
received simultaneously with a Windows PC using an asynchronous connection. This can cause a severe decrease in download speed. The cause of this
EN
problem is what is known as the TCP/IP receive window size of the Windows
operating system that is set to a value too small for asynchronous connections.
Instructions on how to increase the Windows size can be found in the Knowledge Base of the support section of the LANCOM web site (www.lancom.eu
8.3 Unwanted connections under Windows XP
).
Windows XP computers attempt to compare their clocks with a timeserver on
the Internet at start-up. This is why when a Windows XP in the WLAN is
started, a connection to the Internet is established by the LANCOM.
To resolve this issue, you can turn off the automatic time synchronization on
the Windows XP computers under Right mouse click on the time of day
Properties Internet time.
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9 Appendix
9.1 Performance data and specifications
Chapter 9: Appendix
LANCOM L-54g
Wireless
Frequency band 2400 - 2483,5 MHz
(ISM)
Connections LAN 10/100Base-TX, Autosensing, Auto Node-Hub 2x 10/100Base-TX,
WAN Utilisation of one LAN connection for simultaneous DSL-over-LAN (DSLoL).
WLAN1 2x reverse SMA connectors with antenna diversity
WLAN2 2x reverse SMA connec-
Power supply 18V AC over external power adapter 12V DC over external
PoE after IEEE 802.3af 2x PoE after IEEE
Antennas 2 sinlgeband dipole
antennas supplied.
LANCOM L-54g
Wireless
2400 - 2483,5 MHz
(ISM) or 5150 - 5750
MHz
2 dualband dipole
antennas supplied.
LANCOM L-54 dual
Wireless
Two WLAN modules with
2400 - 2483,5 MHz
(ISM) or 5150 - 5750
MHz each
Autosensing, Auto
Node-Hub
tors with antenna diversity
power adapter
802.3af
(redundant)
4 dualband dipole
antennas supplied.
EN
Please respect the restrictions given in your country when setting up an antenna
system. For information about calculating the correct antenna setup, please refer
to www.lancom.com.
Housing 210 mm x 143 mm x 45 mm (B x H x T), rugged plastic case, stackable, provision
for wall mounting
Approvals The device is compliant to the following approvals: EN 300328, EN 301893, EN
301489-1, EN 301489-17, EN 60601-1-2, EN 60950
Regulations Notified in Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxemburg, Austria, Switzerland,
United Kingdom, Italy, France, Czechia, Denmark, Spain
Environment/Temperature
Service Warranty: 3 years
Support Via hotline and Internet
Temperature range 0°C to +50°C at 95% max.
humidity (non condensing)
Temperature range 0°C
to +40°C at 95% max.
humidity (non condensing)
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Chapter 9: Appendix
9.2 Contact assignment
9.2.1 Ethernet interface 10/100Base-TX, DSL interface
8-pin RJ45 socket, corresponding to ISO 8877, EN 60603-7
Connector Pin IAE
EN
1T+
2T-
3R+
4PoE/G
5PoE/G
6R-
7 PoE/-48 V
8 PoE/-48 V
9.2.2 Configuration interface (Outband)
8-pin mini-DIN socket
Connector Pin IAE
1CTS
2RTS
76
3RxD
4RI
5TxD
6DSR
7DCD
8DTR
UGND
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9.3 Declaration of conformity
LANCOM Systems herewith declares that the devices of the type described in
this documentation are in agreement with the basic requirements and other
relevant regulations of the 1995/5/EC directive.
The CE declarations of conformity for your device are available in the appropriate product area on the LANCOM Systems web site (www.lancom.eu
Chapter 9: Appendix
).
EN
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Index
Index
Numerics
10/100Base-TX
100Mbp network
802.11i
802.1x
802.3af- standard
EN
A
Access point mode
ACL
Anschlussbelegung
Antenna
Antenna Calculator
Antenna power
Autosensing
C
Charge limiter
Client mode
Closed network
Configuration access
Configuration cable
Configuration file
Configuration password
Configuration protection
Connect charge protection
Contact assignment
D
Default gateway
DFS
DHCP
DNS
11, 36, 37, 38, 41
11, 36, 38
37
Konfigurationsschnittstelle
Outdoor
DSL interface
LAN interface
Outband
49
35
DHCP server
18
69
52
18, 21
16
60, 61
11
76
35, 43
18
20
9, 14
76
49
30, 34
19
44
42
27
30, 34
76
76
76
10, 26, 30, 33, 35
DNS server
Documentation
Download
DSL
provider
transfer protocol
DSL connection
problems establishing the connection
DSL transfer protocol
19, 22
DSLoL
Dynamic Frequency Selection
Dynamic frequency selection
E
EAP
11, 36, 38
Encryption methods
F
Firewall
Firewall filters
FirmSafe
Firmware
Flatrate
Fresnel zone
I
ICMP
Information symbols
Installation
Internet access
Internet access setup
Internet provider
10, 12, 43
Block stations
12
5
65
43
21
LAN
LANtools
Power supply unit
Authentication data
Flatrate
10, 35
13
5
30, 34
34
73
30
49
49
63
43
67
51
5
13
23
22
65
65
65
65
65
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Index
Internet-Zugang 10
IP
Block ports
Filter
IP address
IP masquerading
IP router
IP-Router
L
LAN connection
LANCOM Enhanced Passphrase Security
LANCOM setup
LANconfig
LANmonitor
LANtools
LEPS
Loader
M
MAC address filter
Managed mode
Multi SSID
N
NAT – see IP masquerading
Netmask
Network mask
O
Optional antennas
Options and accessories
P
P2P
Password
PAT – see IP masquerading
Point-to-Point
Point-to-point
point-to-point
Power adapter
10
10
Starting the Wizards
System requirements
11, 37
14
26, 43
37
27, 30
43
43
26, 27, 43
12, 43
18
36
23
24, 29
66
24
14
11
9, 14
11
27
69
69
37
47
10, 11
18
Power-over-Ethernet
Public Spot Option
R
RADIUS
Remote configuration
Reset switch
Reset the toll protection
Routing table
S
Security
Security checklist
self-sufficient
Serial configuration cable
SNMP
Software installation
SSID
Stateful Inspection Firewall
Stateful-inspection firewall
Status display
Statusanzeigen
Super AG
Support
System requirements
T
TCP
TCP/IP
TCP/IP configuration
11
19
43
Wireless LAN
9, 14
Configuration protection
28, 30, 34, 62
17
ETH
16
Power
WLAN data
WLAN link
LAN Rx/Tx
15
Power
Wireless Link
11
5
43
13
Settings
Settings to PCs in the LAN
Windows size
26, 30, 33
20
71
30, 34
16
36
41
19
42
23
10
67
17
17
18
15, 17
13
35
74
EN
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Index
Automatic 33
Fully automatic
Manual
TCP/IP filter
Technische Daten
43
Telnet
43
TFTP
Transfer protocol
EN
Turbo Mode
U
UDP
43
26
26, 27
12, 43
75
73
11
W
WEBconfig
WEP
Wireless LANs
WLAN
WPA
30
password
System requirements
34
14
11, 41
Operating modes
Bands scanned
Client mode
9
62
61
11, 36, 37, 38, 41
80
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