...connecting your business
LANCOM L-305agn Wireless
LANCOM L-310agn Wireless
LANCOM L-315agn dual Wireless
쮿
Handbuch
쮿
Manual
LANCOM L-305agn Wireless
LANCOM L-310agn Wireless
LANCOM L-315agn dual Wireless
© 2009 LANCOM Systems GmbH, Wuerselen (Germany). All rights reserved.
0753/0909
While the information in this manual has been compiled with great care, it may not be deemed an assurance of product
characteristics. LANCOM Systems shall be liable only to the degree specified in the terms of sale and delivery.
The reproduction and distribution of the documentation and software supplied with this product and the use of its contents
is subject to written authorization from LANCOM Systems. We reserve the right to make any alterations that arise as the
result of technical development.
Windows®, Windows Vista™, Windows NT® and Microsoft® are registered trademarks of Microsoft, Corp.
The LANCOM Systems logo, LCOS and the name LANCOM are registered trademarks of LANCOM Systems GmbH. All other
names or descriptions used may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their owners.
Subject to change without notice. No liability for technical errors or omissions.
Products from LANCOM Systems include software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http:/
/www.openssl.org/).
Products from LANCOM Systems include cryptographic software written by Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com
Products from LANCOM Systems include software developed by the NetBSD Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
Products from LANCOM Systems contain the LZMA SDK developed by Igor Pavlov.
LANCOM Systems GmbH
Adenauerstr. 20/B2
52146 Wuerselen
Germany
www.lancom.eu
).
Wuerselen, September 2009
11
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Preface
Preface
Thank you for your confidence in us!
LANCOM L-305agn Wireless, LANCOM L-310agn Wireless and LANCOM
L-315agn dual Wireless are professional access points that provide a maximum wireless LAN performance of up to 300 Mbps thanks to the support of
the IEEE 802.11n standard. The access points operate either in the 2.4 GHz or
in the 5 GHz frequency band. LANCOM L-315agn dual Wireless works with
two integrated radio modules (one IEEE 802.11abgn, one IEEE 802.11abg),
both of which can operate simultaneously in the 2.4- and/or 5 GHz frequency
range. The 5 GHz band is not used as much and, offering a larger number of
channels, it provides better opportunities to establish non- overlapping wireless cells. The L-300 Access Point series models can operate in stand-alone
mode, in managed mode or in client mode. The access point can be used in
managed mode with a LANCOM WLAN Controller without any additional
software upgrades.
The 802.11n standard includes many new mechanisms—such as the use of
MIMO, 40-MHz channels, packet aggregation and block acknowledgement—in order to increase the bandwidth available for user applications significantly. This allows a more than fivefold increase in speed over 802.11a/g
networks with physical data rates of up to 300 Mbps.
MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology allows the L-300 Access
Point to transfer several data streams in parallel and thus significantly improve
data throughput. MIMO uses several transmit/receive units for both the transmitter and the receiver. The separate data streams are identified by unique
characteristics that result from the different paths that the data take. By processing multiple data streams MIMO achieves not just higher data throughput
but also better coverage (fewer "radio black spots") and better stability. These
are the most important arguments for 802.11n for commercial customers in
particular.
EN
Model variants
This documentation is intended for L-300 Access Point users. The following
models are available:
The LANCOM L-305agn Wireless with integrated MIMO antenna array.
The LANCOM L-310agn Wireless with three external antennas.
3
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Preface
The LANCOM L-315agn dual Wireless with two WLAN modules, four
Model
restrictions
Passages applying only to certain models are identified either in the text itself
or by a comment in the margin.
Otherwise the documentation refers to all models collectively as the L-300
Access Point series.
EN
Security settings
To maximize the security available from your product, we recommend that you
undertake all of the security settings (e.g. firewall, encryption, access protection) that were not already activated when you purchased the product. The
LANconfig Wizard 'Security Settings' will help you with this task. Further information is also available in the chapter 'Security settings'.
We would additionally like to ask you to refer to our Internet site www.lan-
com.eu for the latest information about your product and technical develop-
ments, and also to download our latest software versions.
Components of the documentation
The documentation of your device consists of the following parts:
Installation Guide
User manual
Reference manual
Menu Reference Guide
You are now reading the user manual. It contains all information you need to
put your device into operation. It also contains all of the important technical
specifications.
The Reference Manual is to be found as an Acrobat document (PDF file) at
www.lancom.eu/download
ment to the user manual and goes into detail on topics that apply to a variety
of models. These include, for example:
The system design of the operating system LCOS
Configuration
Management
Diagnosis
Security
external antennas and an additional internal antenna for MIMO operation.
or on the CD supplied. It is designed as a supple-
4
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Preface
Routing and WAN functions
Firewall
Quality of Service (QoS)
Virtual Local Networks (VLAN)
Wireless networks (WLAN)
Backup solutions
Further server services (DHCP, DNS, charge management)
The Menu Reference Guide (also available at www.lancom.eu/download
the CD supplied) describes all of the parameters in LCOS, the operating system
used by LANCOM products. This guide is an aid to users during the configuration of devices by means of WEBconfig or the telnet console.
This documentation was created by …
... several members of our staff from a variety of departments in order to
ensure you the best possible support when using your
Should you find any errors, or if you would like to suggest improvements, please do not hesitate to send an e-mail directly to:
info@lancom.eu
LANCOM
or on
product.
EN
Our online services www.lancom.eu are available to you around the
clock if you have any questions on the content in this manual, or if you
require any further support. The area 'Support' will help you with
many answers to frequently asked questions (FAQs). Furthermore, the
knowledgebase offers you a large reserve of information. The latest
drivers, firmware, utilities and documentation are constantly available
for download.
In addition, LANCOM Support is available. For telephone numbers
and contact addresses for LANCOM Support, please refer to the enclosed leaflet or the LANCOM Systems Web site.
5
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Preface
Information symbols
EN
Very important instructions. Failure to observe these may result in damage.
Important instruction that should be observed.
Additional information that may be helpful but is not essential.
6
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Contents
Contents
1 Introduction 10
1.1 What is a wireless LAN? 10
1.1.1 Modes of operation of wireless LANs and access points
11
1.2 Wireless LANs in accordance with 802.11n 11
1.2.1 Advantages of 802.11n 11
1.2.2 Compatibility with other standards 12
1.2.3 The physical layer 12
1.2.4 The MAC layer 19
1.3 What can your LANCOM do? 20
2 Installation 24
2.1 Package contents 24
2.2 System requirements 24
2.2.1 Configuring the LANCOM devices 24
2.2.2 Operating access points in managed mode 25
2.3 Status displays and interfaces 25
2.4 Device connectors 28
2.5 Hardware installation 30
2.6 Software installation 32
2.6.1 Starting the software setup 32
2.6.2 Which software should I install? 33
EN
3 Basic configuration 34
3.1 Details you will need 34
3.1.1 TCP/IP settings 35
3.1.2 Configuration protection 36
3.1.3 Settings for the wireless LAN 37
3.2 Instructions for LANconfig 37
3.3 Instructions for WEBconfig 38
3.4 TCP/IP settings for PC workstations 42
7
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Contents
4 Security settings 44
EN
5 Advanced wireless LAN configuration 54
4.1 Security in the wireless LAN 44
4.1.1 Encrypted data transfer (802.11i/WPA or WEP) 44
4.1.2 802.1x / EAP 45
4.1.3 LANCOM Enhanced Passphrase Security 45
4.1.4 Access control by MAC address 46
4.1.5 IPSec over WLAN 46
4.2 Tips for the proper treatment of keys and passphrases 47
4.3 Security settings Wizard 47
4.3.1 LANconfig Wizard 48
4.3.2 WEBconfig Wizard 49
4.4 The security checklist 49
5.1 WLAN configuration with the wizards in LANconfig 54
5.2 Special wireless LAN parameters for 802.11n 56
5.2.1 Compatibility 56
5.2.2 Performance settings for the wireless LAN module 56
5.2.3 Performance settings for wireless LAN networks 57
5.2.4 Configuring 802.11n parameters 59
5.3 Point-to-point connections 60
5.3.1 Geometric dimensioning of outdoor wireless network
links 62
5.3.2 Antenna alignment for P2P operations 66
5.3.3 Measuring wireless bridges 68
5.3.4 Activating the point-to- point operation mode 68
5.3.5 Configuration of P2P connections 69
5.3.6 Access points in relay mode 72
5.3.7 Security for point-to- point connections 73
5.4 Client mode 74
5.4.1 Client settings 75
5.4.2 Set the SSID of the available networks 76
5.4.3 Encryption settings 76
6 Setting up Internet access 78
6.1 The Internet Connection Wizard 79
6.1.1 Instructions for LANconfig 79
6.1.2 Instructions for WEBconfig 80
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LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Contents
7 Options and accessories 81
7.1 Optional AirLancer Extender antennas 81
7.1.1 Antenna diversity 81
7.1.2 Polarization diversity 82
7.1.3 MIMO 82
7.1.4 Installing the AirLancer Extender antennas 82
7.2 LANCOM Public Spot Option 84
8 Advice & assistance 86
8.1 No WAN connection can be established 86
8.2 Slow DSL transmission 86
8.3 Unwanted connections under Windows XP 87
9 Appendix 88
9.1 Performance and characteristics 88
9.2 Connector wiring 90
9.2.1 Ethernet interface 10/100Base-TX 90
9.2.2 Ethernet interface 10/100/1000Base-TX, DSL interface90
9.2.3 Configuration interface (outband) 91
9.3 CE-declarations of conformity 91
EN
10 Index 92
9
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
1Introduction
1.1 What is a wireless LAN?
EN
A wireless LAN connects individual end-user devices (PCs and mobile computers) to form a local network (also called – Local Area Network). In contrast
to a traditional LAN, communication takes place over a wireless connection
and not over network cables. For this reason it is called a Wireless Local Area
Network (WLAN).
A wireless LAN provides the same functionality as a cable-based network:
Access to files, servers, printers etc. as well as the integration of individual
work stations into a corporate mail system or access to the Internet.
There are obvious advantages to wireless LANs: Notebooks and PCs can be
installed where they are needed—problems with missing connections or
structural changes are a thing of the past with wireless networks.
Apart from that, wireless LANs can also be used for connections over longer
distances. Expensive leased lines and the associated construction measures
can be saved.
The following sections describe the functionality of wireless networks
in general. You can see from the table 'What your LANCOM can do'
further below which functions your device supports. Please refer to
the reference manual for further information on this topic.
10
LANCOM Wireless Routers and LANCOM Access Points can be opera-
ted either as self-sufficient Access Points with their own configuration
(WLAN modules in "Access Point mode“) or as components in a WLAN
infrastructure, which is controlled from a central WLAN-Controller
("managed mode").
Split management can be used to separate the WLAN configuration
from the rest of the router configuration. This allows router settings
and VPN settings to be adjusted locally, for example in a branch office
or home office installation, and the WLAN configuration is regulated
by a LANCOM WLAN Controller at the main office.
Please observe the corresponding notices to this in this documentation or in the LCOS reference manual.
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1.1 Modes of operation of wireless LANs and access points
Wireless LAN technology and access points in wireless LANs are used in the
following modes of operation:
Simple, direct connection between terminal devices with an access point
(ad-hoc mode)
Extensive wireless LANs, possibly connected to a LAN, with one or more
access points (infrastructure network)
Establishing access to the Internet
Connecting two LANs over a wireless link (point-to-point mode)
Connecting devices with an Ethernet interface via an access point (client
mode)
Extending an existing Ethernet network with a wireless LAN (bridge mode)
WDS (Wireless Distribution Systems)
Central administration using a LANCOM WLAN Controller
1.2 Wireless LANs in accordance with 802.11n
The new wireless LAN standard IEEE 802.11n—ratified as „WLAN Enhancements for Higher Throughput“ in september 2009—features a number of
technical developments that promise up to six-times the performance in wireless LANs.
Some of the improvements refer to the physical layer (PHY), which describes
the transmission of individual bits over the physical medium—in this case the
air represents the physical medium. Other additions are concerned with the
MAC (medium access control) that among other things governs access to the
transmission medium. The two areas are treated separately below.
EN
You can find additional information on this subject in the LCOS refe-
rence manual or in the technical papers relating to this topic.
1.2.1 Advantages of 802.11n
The new technology includes the following advantages:
Higher effective data throughput
The 802.11n standard includes a number of new mechanisms to significantly increase available bandwidth. Current wireless LAN standards
based on 802.11a/g enable physical data rates (gross data rates) of up to
54 Mbps, which turn out to be approx. 22 Mbps net. Networks based on
11
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
Improved and more reliable wireless coverage
EN
Greater range
802.11n currently achieve a gross data throughput of up to 300 Mbps
(in reality approx. 120 to 130 Mbps net) – theoretically the standard defines up to 600 Mbps with four data streams. For the first time, maximum
speeds exceed the 100 Mbps of cable-based Fast Ethernet networks,
which are currently standard in most workplaces.
The new 802.11n technologies do not just increase date throughput but
bring about improvements in the range and reduce the wireless dead
spots in existing a/b/g installations.
This results in better signal coverage and improved stability for significantly better utilization of wireless networks, in particular for users in professional environments.
Data throughput generally decreases when the distance between receiver
and transmitter increases. The overall improved data throughput allows
wireless LANs based on 802.11n to achieve greater ranges, as a significantly stronger wireless signal is received by the Access Point over a given
distance than in 802.11a/b/g networks.
12
1.2.2 Compatibility with other standards
The 802.11n standard is backwardly compatible to previous standards
(IEEE 802.11a/b/g). However, some of the advantages of the new technology
are only available when, in addition to the access points, the wireless LAN clients are also compatible with 802.11n.
In order to allow the co-existence of wireless LAN clients based on
802.11a/b/g (called "legacy clients") 802.11n access points offer special
mechanisms for mixed operation, where performance increases over
802.11a/b/g are not as high. Only in all-802.11n environments is the "greenfield mode" used, which can exploit all the advantages of the new technology.
In greenfield mode both access points and wireless LAN clients support the
802.11n standard, and access points reject connections with legacy clients.
1.2.3 The physical layer
The physical layers describes how data must be transformed in order for them
to be transmitted as individual bits over the physical medium. In this process
the following steps are performed in a wireless LAN device:
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
Modulation of digital data into analog carrier signals
Modulation of the carrier signal into a radio signal in the selected fre-
quency band, which for a wireless LAN is either 2.4 or 5 GHz.
The second modulation step in IEEE 802.11n occurs in the same way as in
conventional wireless LAN standards and is therefore not covered here.
However, there are a number of changes in the way digital data are modulated into analog signals in 802.11n.
Improved OFDM modulation (MIMO-OFDM)
Like 802.11a/g, 802.11n uses the OFDM scheme (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) as its method of modulation. This modulates the data signal
not on just one carrier signal but in parallel over several. The data throughput
that can be achieved with OFDM modulation depends on the following parameters, among other things:
Number of carrier signals: Whereas 802.11a/g uses 48 carrier signals,
802.11n can use a maximum of 52.
EN
IEEE 802.11a/b/g:
48 carrier signals
20 MHz 20 MHz
IEEE 802.11n:
52 carrier signals
Payload data rate: Airborne data transmission is fundamentally unreli-
able. Even small glitches in the WLAN system can result in errors in data
transmission. Check sums are used to compensate for these errors, but
these take up a part of the available bandwidth. The payload data rate
indicates the ratio between theoretically available bandwidth and actual
payload. 802.11a/g can operate at payload rates of 1/2 or 3/4 while
802.11n can use up to 5/6 of the theoretically available bandwidth for
payload data.
13
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
Payload rate for 802.11a/b/g: 1/2
Checksum Payload data
Payload rate for 802.11a/b/g: 3/4
Gross bandwidth
EN
Maximum payload rate for 802.11n: 5/6
These two features increase the maximum useable bandwidth of 54 Mbps for
802.11a/g to 65 Mbps for 802.11n. This increase is not exactly spectacular,
but it can be further improved by using the following features:
MIMO technology
MIMO (multiple input multiple output) is the most important new technology
contained in 802.11n. MIMO uses several transmitters and several receivers
to transmit up to four parallel data streams on the same transmission channel
(currently only two parallel data streams have been implemented). The result
is an increase in data throughput and improved wireless coverage.
MIMO AP 802.11n
MIMO Client 802.11n
For example, the Access Point splits the data into two groups which are then
sent simultaneously via separate antennas to the WLAN client. Data throughput can therefore be doubled using two transmitting and receiving antennas.
But how can several signals be transmitted on a single channel simultaneously? This was considered impossible with previous WLAN applications.
Let us consider how data is transmitted in "normal" wireless LAN networks:
Depending on antenna type, an Access Point's antenna broadcasts data in
several directions simultaneously. These electromagnetic waves are reflected
14
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
by the surrounding surfaces causing a broadcast signal to reach the WLAN client's antenna over many different paths; this is also referred to as "multipath
propagation". Each of these paths has a different length meaning that individual signals reach the client with a different time delay.
EN
ACCESS POINT
WLAN-Client
These time-delayed signals interfere with each other at the WLAN client and
significantly weaken the original signal. For this reason, conventional WLAN
networks should always have a direct line of sight (LOS) between transmitter
and receiver in order to reduce the influence of reflections.
MIMO technology transforms this weakness in WLAN transmission into a
strength that allows an enormous increase in data throughput. As mentioned
above, it is virtually impossible to transmit different signals on the same channel simultaneously as the receiver cannot distinguish between them. MIMO
uses the reflection of electromagnetic waves and the associated spatial aspect
to obtain a third criterion for identifying the signals.
A signal sent by transmitter A and received by receiver 1 follows a different
path than a signal from transmitter B to receiver 2. Due to the different reflections and changes in polarization that both signals experience along their
paths, each of these paths takes on its own characteristics. When data transmission starts, a training phases records the characteristics of the path by
transmitting standardized data. Subsequently, the data received here is used
to calculate which data stream the signals belong to. The receiver decides for
itself which of the incoming signals is to be processed, thus avoiding loss from
interference.
15
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
EN
A
MIMO AP 802.11n
B
MIMO thus allows the simultaneous transmission of several signals over one
shared medium, such as the air. Individual transmitters and receivers must be
positioned a minimum distance apart from one another, although this is just
a few centimeters. This separation results in differing reflections and signal
paths that can be used to separate the signals.
Generally speaking, MIMO can provide up to four parallel data streams, which
are also called "spatial streams". However, the current generation of chips can
only implement two parallel data streams as the separation of data streams
based on characteristic path information demands high levels of computing
power, which consumes both time and electricity. The latter tends to be undesirable particularly for WLAN systems, where attempts are often made to
achieve independence from power sockets at the WLAN client or when using
PoE as the electricity supply for the Access Point.
Even if the aim of four spatial streams has not yet been achieved, the use of
two separate data connections results in a doubling of data throughput,
which represents a true technological leap in t he area of WLAN systems. Combined with the improvements in OFDM modulation, the data throughput that
can be attained increases to 130 Mbps.
The short description "transmitter x receiver" expresses the actual number of
transmitting and receiving antennas. 3x3 MIMO describes three transmitting
and three receiving antennas. However, the number of antennas does not
equate with the number of data streams: the antennas available only limit the
maximum number of spatial streams. The reason for using more antennas
than strictly necessary for data stream transmission relates to the method of
allocating the signals according to their characteristic path: A third signal is
used to transmit additional spatial information. If the data from the first two
1
MIMO Client 802.11n
2
16
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
signals cannot be uniquely identified, their computation can still be performed
with the aid of the third signal. The use of additional antennas does not contribute to an increase in data throughput, but it does result in a more even,
stronger coverage for clients.
MIMO in outdoor use
Outdoor 802.11n applications cannot use natural reflections since signal
transmission usually takes place over the direct path between directional
antennas. In order to transmit two data streams in parallel, special antennas
are employed that use polarization channels turned through 90° to each
other. These so-called "dual-slant" antennas are really two antennas in one
housing. Since a third signal does not offer additional reliability, outdoor
applications generally use as many antennas (or polarization channels) as
there are data streams for transmission.
EN
BUILDING
MIMO AP 802.11n
BUILDING
POLARIZATION
DIVERSITY
POLARISATION
DIVERSITY
MIMO AP 802.11n
40 MHz channels
As the above explanation of OFDM modulation states, data throughput rises
with an increasing number of carrier signals because this allows several signals to be transmitted simultaneously. If a channel with a bandwidth of
20 MHz supports no more than 48 (802.11a/g) or 52 (802.11n) carrier signals,
the obvious choice would be to use a second channel with additional carrier
signals.
This method was used in the past by a number of manufacturers (including
LANCOM Systems) and was referred to as "turbo mode", allowing data rates
of up to 108 Mbps. Turbo mode does not form part of the official IEEE standard but is frequently employed on point-to-point connections, for example,
because compatibility to other manufacturers tends to play a secondary role.
However, the success of the underlying technology has lead to its incorporation into 802.11n. IEEE 802.11n uses the second transmission channel in a
17
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
way that maintains compatibility to IEEE 802.11a/g devices. 802.11n transmits data over two contiguous channels. One of these assumes the task of a
control channel that, among other things, handles the administration of data
transmission. Concentrating these basic tasks into the control channel means
that devices supporting a transmission at 20 MHz only can also be connected.
The second channel is an extension that only comes comes into effect if the
remote client also supports data transmission at 40 MHz. The use of the
second channel remains optional throughout, with transmitter and receiver
EN
deciding dynamically whether one or two channels should be employed.
As the implementation of 40 MHz with separate control and extension channels is more efficient in the 802.11n standard than in the conventional turbo
mode, more than double the amount of carrier signals can be obtained (108
in total). The maximum data throughput when using improved OFDM modulation and two parallel data streams thus rises to 270 Mbps.
Control channel Extension channel
20 MHz 20 MHz
18
Short guard interval
The final improvement of the 802.11n standard is the improvement in the
chronological sequence of data transmission. A signal that is to be transmitted in a WLAN system is not broadcast at a distinct point in time but is "held
up" for a certain, constant transmission period. In order to prevent interference at the receiving end, a short break is made following the transmission
period before the transmission of the next signal commences. The entire duration of transmission period and break are referred to in WLAN terminology as
"symbol length" and the break itself is known as the "guard interval".
IEEE 802.11a/g uses a symbol length of 4 μs: the information transmitted on
the carrier signal changes following transmission of 3.2 μs and a break of
0.8 μs. 802.11n reduces the break between transmissions to the so-called
"short guard interval" of only 0.4 μs.
OFDM Symbol
3,2 μs 0,8 μs
Payload data
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
3,2 μs
Transmitting data in shorter intervals thus increases the maximum data
throughput when using improved OFDM modulation, two parallel data
streams and transmission at 40 MHz to 300 Mbps.
1.2.4 The MAC layer
Frame aggregation
The improvements in the physical layer brought about by the new 802.11n initially describe only the theoretical data throughput of the physical medium.
However, the share of this theoretical bandwidth that is actually available for
payload data is limited by two factors:
in addition to the actual payload data, each data packet in a wireless LAN
system contains additional information such as a preamble and MAC
address information.
Time is lost to the management events that occur when the transmission
medium is actually accessed. Thus the transmitter must negotiate access
authorization with the other receivers before transmitting each data
packet (frame); further delays are caused by data packet collisions and
other events.
This loss, referred to as "overhead", can be reduced by combining several data
packets together to form one large frame and transmitting them together. In
this process, information such as the preamble are only transmitted once for
all the combined data packets and delays due to negotiating access to the
transmission medium only occur at longer intervals.
The use of this method, known as frame aggregation, is subject to certain
restrictions:
As information such as MAC address only needs to be transmitted once
for the aggregated frame, only those data packets intended for the same
address can be combined.
0,4 μs
EN
19
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
All data packets that are to be combined into a single large frame must
Block acknowledgement
EN
Each data packet directed to a specific address (i.e. not broadcast or multicast
packets) is acknowledged immediately after receipt. In this way, the transmitter is informed that the packet was received correctly and does not need to be
repeated. This principle also applies to aggregated frames in 802.11n.
Two different methods are used for frame aggregation. These are not explained in detail here, but they differ in the way aggregated frames are acknowledged.
Mac Service Data Units Aggregation (MSDUA) combines several Ethernet
Mac Protocol Data Units Aggregation (MPDUA) combines individual wire-
be available at the sender at the time of aggregation—as a consequence
some data packets may have to wait until enough data packets for the
same destination are available with which they can be combined. This
aspect may represent a significant limitation for time-critical transmissions such as voice over IP.
packets together to form one common wireless LAN packet. This packet is
acknowledged only once and the acknowledgment is valid for all aggregated packets. If there is no acknowledgement the whole block is resent.
less LAN packets together to form one large common wireless LAN packet.
In this case, each wireless LAN packet is acknowledged and the acknowledgements are combined and transmitted as a block. In contrast to
MSDUA, the sender receives information about the receipt status of every
single WLAN packet and can, if necessary, resend only those specific
packets that were not successful.
1.3 What can your LANCOM do?
The following table shows the properties and functions of your device.
Applications
Expansion of the LAN through WLAN (infrastructure
mode)
WLAN via point-to-point
20
LANCOM
L-305agn
Wireless
LANCOM
L-310agn
Wireless
LANCOM
L-315agn
dual Wireless
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
Relais mode with two WLAN modules
Relais mode with one WLAN modules
(WDS mixed mode)
Internet Access
IP router with Stateful Inspection Firewall
DHCP and DNS server (for LAN and WLAN)
N:N mapping for routing networks with the same
IP-address ranges over VPN
Policy-based routing
Backup solutions and load balancing with VRRP
PPPoE Server
WAN RIP
Spanning Tree protocol
Layer 2 QoS tagging
WLAN
Wireless transmission by IEEE 802.11g and IEEE
802.11b
Wireless transmission by IEEE 802.11a and IEEE
802.11h
Wireless transmission by IEEE 802.11b/g and IEEE
802.11a/h at the same time
Wireless transmission by IEEE 802.11n (including 40
MHz channels, packet aggregation, block acknowledgement, short guard interval)
Internal antennas
External antennas (3) and connector for AirLancer
Extender-Antennen
Point-to-point mode (six P2P paths can be defined per
WLAN interface)
Access point mode
Client mode
LANCOM
L-305agn
Wireless
LANCOM
L-310agn
Wireless
LANCOM
L-315agn
dual Wireless
✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
EN
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
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34
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21
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
Managed mode for central configuration of WLAN
modules by a WLAN Controller
Multi SSID
Roaming function
EN
802.11i / WPA with hardware AES encryption
WEP encryption (up to 128 Bit key length, WEP152)
IEEE 802.1x/EAP
MAC address filter (ACL)
Individual passphrases per MAC address (LEPS)
Closed network function
Integrated RADIUS server
VLAN
Intra-Cell Blocking
WLAN QoS (IEEE 802.11e, WME)
LAN Connection
Gigabit ethernet connector 10/100/1000 Base-TX,
autosensing, auto node-hub, PoE by IEEE 802.3af
Fast Ethernet LAN port (10/100Base-TX), Autosensing,
Auto Node-Hub, PoE by IEEE 802.3af
Power over Ethernet (PoE)
DHCP and DNS server
WAN Connection
Connection for DSL or cable modem
Connection for serial modem
Internet access (IP router)
Stateful-Inspection Firewall
Firewall filters (IP addresses, ports)
LANCOM
L-305agn
Wireless
LANCOM
L-310agn
Wireless
LANCOM
L-315agn
dual Wireless
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2x
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2x
redundant
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22
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
IP masquerading (NAT, PAT)
Quality of Service
Configuration and firmware
Configuration with LANconfig or with web browser,
additionally terminal mode for Telnet or other terminal
programs, SNMP interface and TFTP server function.,
SSH connection.
Setup wizards
FirmSafe with firmware versions for absolutely secure
software upgrades
Monitoring and management of the WLAN with Rogue
AP Detection
Optional software extensions
LANCOM Public Spot Option
Optional hardware extensions
AirLancer Extender antennas for increased range
LANCOM PoE Power Injector (100 MBit/s)
LANCOM ES-1108P, 8 port switch with 4 PoE ports (100
MBit/s)
LANCOM ES-2126, managed 24 port switch
(100 MBit/s)
LANCOM ES-2126P, managed 24 port switch with
24 PoE-Ports (100 MBit/s)
LANCOM Modem Adapter Kit for connection of analog
or GSM modems to the serial interface
LANCOM
L-305agn
Wireless
LANCOM
L-310agn
Wireless
LANCOM
L-315agn
dual Wireless
✔✔✔
✔✔✔
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EN
23
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Chapter 2: Installation
2 Installation
This chapter will assist you to quickly install hardware and software. First,
check the package contents and system requirements. The device can be
installed and configured quickly and easily if all prerequisites are fulfilled.
2.1 Package contents
EN
Please check the package contents for completeness before starting the
installation. In addition to the LANCOM Wireless Router itself, the package
should contain the following accessories:
12V DC Power adapter
Dual-band diversity antennas with reverse
SMA connector
PoE LAN connector cable (green plugs)
Connector cable for the configuration interface
LANCOM CD
Printed documentation
If anything is missing, please contact your retailer or the address stated on the
delivery slip of the unit.
2.2 System requirements
2.2.1 Configuring the LANCOM devices
Computers that connect to a LANCOM must meet the following minimum
requirements:
Operating system with TCP/IP support, suchas Windows, Linux, BSD Unix,
Apple Mac OS, OS/2.
Access to the LAN via the TCP/IP protocol.
Wireless LAN adapter or LAN access (if the access point is to be connected
to the LAN).
LANCOM
L-305agn
Wireless
LANCOM
L-305agn
Wireless
LANCOM
L-315agn dual
Wireless
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34
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24
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
The LANtools also require a Windows operating system. A web brow-
ser under any operating system provides access to WEBconfig.
2.2.2 Operating access points in managed mode
LANCOM Wireless Routers and LANCOM Access Points can be operated either
as self-sufficient Access Points with their own configuration ("Access Point
mode“) or as components in a WLAN infrastructure, which is controlled from
a central WLAN-Controller ("managed mode").
2.3 Status displays and interfaces
Meanings of the LEDs
In the following sections we will use different terms to describe the behaviour
of the LEDs:
Blinking means, that the LED is switched on or off at regular intervals in
the respective indicated colour.
Flashing means, that the LED lights up very briefly in the respective
colour and stay then clearly longer (approximately 10x longer) switched
off.
Inverse flashing means the opposite. The LED lights permanently in the
respective colour and is only briefly interrupted.
Flickering means, that the LED is switched on and off in irregular inter-
vals.
Chapter 2: Installation
EN
Example:
LANCOM L-305agn
Wireless
Front side
The L-300 Access Points have status displays on the front panel.
L-305agn Wireless
WPS
Power
WLAN Link
WLAN Data
ETH
Top
The two top-mounted LEDs enable the main function status to be assessed
even if the device is positioned vertically.
25
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Chapter 2: Installation
EN
Power
WLAN-Link
Power
This LED provides information on the device's operating state.
Off Device switched off
Green blinking Self-test after power-up
Green On (perma-
Red/green Blinking alterna-
Orange/green In the housing
Orange /red In the housing
nently)
tely
cover; blinking
alternately with
the online LED
cover; blinking
alternately with
the online LED
Device operational
Device insecure: Configuration password not set
At least one WLAN module is in managed mode and
has not found a WLAN Controller yet. The corresponding WLAN module(s) is/are switched off until a WLAN
Controller is found to supply a configuration, or until
being switched manually into another operating mode.
At least one WLAN module is in managed mode and
has found a WLAN Controller. However, the WLAN
Controller cannot assign a configuration because the
firmware and/or the device's loader version is not compatible with the WLAN Controller.
The power LED blinks alternately in red/green until a configuration
password has been set. Without a configuration password, the configuration data in the LANCOM is unprotected. Normally you would set
a configuration password during the basic configuration (instructions
in the following chapter). Information about setting a configuration
password at a later time is available in the section 'The Security
Wizard'.
26
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Chapter 2: Installation
The power LED is blinking and no connection can be
made?
If the power LED blinks red and no WAN connections can be
established, there is no cause for concern. This merely means
that a pre-set charge or time limit has been reached.
Signal that a
ower
ower
P
charge or time
P
limit has been
reached
There are three ways to remove the lock:
Reset the toll protection.
Increase the limit.
Deactivate the lock completely (set limit to '0').
LANmonitor shows you when a charge or time limit has been reached. To reset the toll protection, activate the context menu (right-mouse click) Reset charge and time limits. The charge
settings are defined in LANconfig under Management Costs (these settings are only available if the 'Complete configuration display' is activated under Tools Options).
With WEBconfig, charge protection and all parameters are to be found under LCOS menu tree
Setup Charges Reset budgets.
EN
WLAN Link
WLAN Data
Provides information about the WLAN connections via the internal WLAN
module.
The following can be displayed for WLAN link:
Off No WLAN network defined or WLAN module deactiva-
Green At least one WLAN network is defined and WLAN
Green Inverse flashing Number of flashes = number of connected WLAN stati-
Green Blinking DFS scanning or other scan procedure.
Red Blinking Hardware error in the WLAN module
ted. The WLAN module is not transmitting beacons.
module activated. The WLAN module is transmitting
beacons.
ons and P2P wireless connections, followed by a pause
(default).
Alternatively, the frequency of the flashed can indicate
the received signal strength of a P2P link or the received
signal strength from an access point, to which this
device is connected in client mode.
Provides information about the data traffic at the internal WLAN module.
27
LANCOM L-300 Access Point series
Chapter 2: Installation
The following can be displayed for WLAN data:
Green Flickering TX data traffic.
Red Flickering Error in wireless LAN (TX error, e.g. transmission error
Red Blinking Hardware error in the WLAN module
EN
WPS
Messages via the WiFi Protected Setup (WPS). This function is not yet available
with early shipments. Please download the latest firmware and the associated
user manual from www.lancom.de
ETH
LAN connector status:
Off No networking device attached
Green On (perma-
Green Flickering Data traffic
2.4 Device connectors
The connections and switches of the router are located on the back panel:
LANCOM L-305agn
Wireless and
LANCOM L-310agn
Wireless
due to a poor connection)
nently)
not available on LANCOM L-305agn
Connection to network device operational, not data traffic
.
28
DC12V
ETH3ETH4 ETH2 ETH1
Voltage switch
Connection for the included power adapter
Switch with four 10/100Base-Tx connections
USB connection
Serial configuration port
ISDN/S
port
0
ADSL port
ConfigUSB (COM)
ISDN S0ADSL
Reset
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