Page 1
PLM+ SERIES
Powered Loudspeaker Management™ System
Operation Manual
Rev. 3.0.1
Item no. OM–PLM+
PLM+ SERIES
Powered Loudspeaker Management™ System
Rev. 3.0
Quick Start Guide
PLM 20K44
PLM 12K44
PLM 5K44
Item no. QSG-PLM +SERIES
Incorporating technologies from
PLM 20K44
PLM 12K44
PLM 5K44
Incorporating technologies from
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1. Important safety instructions
2
PLM+ SERIES Operation Manual rev 3.0.1
1. Important safety instructions
Before using the device, be sure to carefully read the Safety Instructions. Keep this document with the device at
all times.
1. Read these instructions.
2. Keep these instructions
3. Heed all warnings.
4. Follow all instructions.
5. Do not use this apparatus near water.
6. Clean only with a dry cloth.
7. Do not block any ventilation openings. Install in accordance
with the manufacturer’s instructions.
8. Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators, heat
registers, stoves, or other apparatus (including ampliers)
that produce heat.
9. Do not defeat the safety purpose of the polarized or
grounding-type plug. A polarized plug has two blades with
one wider than the other. A grounding-type plug has two
blades and a third grounding prong. The wide blade or
the third prong is provided for your safety. If the provided
plug does not t into your outlet, consult an electrician for
replacement of the obsolete outlet.
10. Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched,
particularly at plugs, convenience receptacles, and the point
where they exit from the apparatus.
11. Only use attachments/accessories specied by the
manufacturer.
12. Use only with a cart, stand, tripod, bracket, or table specied
by the manufacturer, or sold with the apparatus. When a
cart is used, use caution when moving the cart/apparatus
combination to avoid injury from tip-over.
13. Unplug this apparatus during lightning storms or when
unused for long periods of time.
14. Refer all servicing to qualied service personnel. Servicing
is required when the apparatus has been damaged in any
way, such as power-supply cord or plug is damaged, liquid
has been spilled or objects have fallen into the apparatus, the
apparatus has been exposed to rain or moisture, does not
operate normally, or has been dropped.
15. Use the mains plug to disconnect the appartus from the
mains.
16. WARNING: To reduce the risk of re or electric shock, do not
expose this apparatus to rain or moisture.
17. Do not expose this equipment to dripping or splashing and
ensure that no objects lled with liquids, such as vases, are
placed on the equipment.
18. The mains plug of the power supply cord shall remain readily
operable.
19. Do not connect the unit’s output to any other voltage source
such as battery, mains source, or power supply, regardless
of whether the unit is turned on or off.
20. Do not remove the top (or bottom) cover. Removal of the
cover will expose hazardous voltages. There are no user
serviceable parts inside and removal may void the warranty.
21. An experienced user shall always supervise this professional
audio equipment, especially if inexperienced adults or
minors are using the equipment.
22. The US National Differences clause 16.3 requires that
network cables must be ame rated VW-1.
1.1. Approvals
1.2. Warnings
1.2.1. Explanation of warning symbols
1.2.2. Warnings
To prevent electric shock do not remove top or bottom
covers. No user serviceable parts inside, refer servicing to
qualied service personnel.
Français: À prévenir le choc électrique n’enlevez pas les
couvercles. Il n’y a pas des parties serviceable à l’intérieur, tous
reparations doit etre faire par personnel qualié seulment.
The lightning bolt triangle is used to
alert the user to the presence of
un-insulated “dangerous voltages”
within the unit’s chassis that may be
of sufcient magnitude to constitute a
risk of electric shock to humans.
The exclamation point triangle is used to
alert the user to presence of important
operating and service instructions in the
literature accompanying the product.
This equipment conforms to the requirements
of the EMC Directive 2004/108/EC and the
requirements of the Low Voltage Directive
2006/95/EC.
Standards applied: EMC Emission
EN55103-1, E3
EMC Immunity EN55103-2, E3, with S/N
below 1% at normal operation level.
Electrical Safety EN60065, Class I
This equipment is tested and listed according to the
U.S. safety standard ANSI/ UL 60065 and
Canadian safety standard CSA C22.2
NO. 60065. Intertek made the tests and they
are a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory
(NRTL).
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1. Important safety instructions
PLM+ SERIES Operation Manual rev 3.0.1
3
To completely disconnect this equipment from the AC
mains, disconnect the power supply cord plug from the AC
receptacle. The mains plug of the power supply cord shall
remain readily operable.
Français: Pour démonter complètement l’équipement de
l’alimentation générale, démonter le câble d’alimentation
de son réceptacle. La prise d’alimentation restera aisément
fonctionnelle.
To reduce risk of re or electric shock, do not expose this
apparatus to rain or moisture.
Français: Pour réduire les risques d’incendie ou de choc
électrique, n’exposez pas l’appareil à la pluie ou à l’humidité.
Do not expose this system/apparatus to dripping or splashing
and ensure that no objects lled with liquids, such as vases,
are placed on the apparatus.
Français: N’exposez pas ce système/appareil au
ruissellement ni aux éclaboussures et assurez-vous qu’aucun
objet contenant du liquide tel qu’un vase n’est placé sur
l’appareil.
This apparatus must be connected to a mains socket outlet
with a protective earthing connection.
Français: Cet appareil doit être raccordé à une prise secteur
avec terre de protection.
The mains plug is used as a disconnect device and shall
remain readily operable.
Français: Lorsque la prise du réseau d’alimentation est utilisés
comme dispositif de déconnexion, ce dispositif doit
demeuré aisément accessible.
1.2.3. Caution
To reduce the risk of re or electric shock, do not remove screws.
No user-serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualied
service personnel.
Français: Pour réduire le risque d’incendie ou de choc
électrique, ne pas retirer les vis. Aucune pièce réparable par
l’utilisateur. Coner l’entretien àpersonnel qualié.
1.2.4. User responsibility
Mains connection grounding
Your amplier must be connected to a grounded socket outlet.
Speaker output hazard on amplifiers
Ampliers are capable of producing hazardous output
voltages. To avoid electrical shock, do not touch any exposed
speaker wiring while the amplier is operating. The external
wiring connected to the speaker terminals shall be installed
by a qualied person, or ready-made leads or cords of
appropriate capacity shall be used.
As the power output channels on ampliers produce high
voltage, do not connect or disconnect speaker cables when
the mains power is on.
Radio interference
A sample of this product has been tested and complies with
the limits for the European Electro Magnetic Compatibility
(EMC) directive. This equipment has also been tested and
found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are
designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference from electrical equipment. This product uses
radio frequency energy and if not used or installed in
accordance with these operating instructions, may cause
interference to other equipment, such as radio receivers.
However, there is no guarantee that interference will not
occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause
harmful interference to radio or television reception, which
can be determined by turning the equipment on and off, the
user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or
more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and
re c e iver.
• Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different
from that to which the receiver is connected.
• Check if the affected unit complies with the EMC limits for
immunity, (CE-labeled). If not, address the problem with
the manufacturer or supplier. All electrical products sold
in the EC must be approved for immunity against
electromagnetic elds, high voltage ashes, and radio
interference.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician
for help.
Speaker damage
Amplier apparatus is very powerful and can be potentially
dangerous to both loudspeakers and humans alike. Many
loudspeakers can be easily damaged or destroyed by
overpowering them. Always check the speaker’s continuous
and peak power capabilities. Although the ampliers
attenuators can be used to reduce the overall gain, an
increase of the input signal can result in full output power,
which may cause damage to connected speakers.
Maintenance
For safe and reliable operation, the dust lters on both sides
of the front panel, behind the grilles, should be removed and
cleaned regularly to ensure maximum airow through the
device.
If the dust lters are not maintained there will be safety
risks; for example, high internal temperatures could ignite
the dust and start a re. There is also a risk that the unit will
malfunction since it is dependent on constant airow from
front to rear. If the dust lters are not clean and the unit
malfunctions, any resulting problems will not be covered by
the warranty.
This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003
du Canada.
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Table of Contents
4
PLM+ SERIES Operation Manual rev 3.0.1
Table of Contents
1. Important safety instructions 2
1.1. Approvals
2
1.2. Warnings
2
2. Introduction 6
2.1. Welcome
6
2.2. Main Features
6
2.3. Additional Documentation
8
3. Installation 8
3.1. Unpacking
8
3.2. Mounting
8
3.3. Cooling
10
3.4. Operating Voltage
10
3.5. Grounding
11
4. Product Overview 12
4.1. Front Panel Overview
12
4.2. Rear panel
14
5. Operation and performance 16
5.1. Operation precautions
16
5.2. Power output performance
16
5.3. Amplier and Load Protection Systems
18
5.4. Power Supply
24
5.5. LoadPilot Load Monitoring
25
6. Signal Flow and Lake® Processing 28
6.1. Signal Flow
28
6.2. Level Adjustments & Mute Points
29
6.3. Lake Processing and Control
30
6.4. Modules and Frames
30
6.5. Loudspeaker Processor Overview
31
6.6. Files and Presets
31
7. Front Panel Interface 32
7.1. Overview
32
7.2. Front Panel Key Lock
33
7.3. Power Button
33
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Table of Contents
PLM+ SERIES Operation Manual rev 3.0.1
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7.4. Mute Enable Button 34
7.5. Meter Button
34
7.6. Menu Button
34
7.7. Exit Button
34
7.8. Dynamic Buttons, Controls and LEDs
35
7.9. Warning and Fault Indications
40
7.10. Meter Mode
42
7.11. Menu Mode
46
8. Back Panel Interface 60
8.1. Speaker Outputs
60
8.2. Analog Inputs
63
8.3. AES3 Digital Inputs
65
8.4. RJ45 etherCON Network Connections
65
8.5. Power Inlet
67
9. Appendix 68
9.1. Faults and Warnings Overview
68
9.2. Maintenance
71
9.3. Factory Default Settings
71
73
9.5. Glossary of Terms, Acronyms and Abbreviations
76
10. Application Guide 78
10.1. Rack I/O Panels
78
10.2. Gain Structure
78
10.3. Gain / Level Optimization
79
82
10.5. Digital Audio Connections
83
86
88
12. Warranty and Support 90
12.1. General
90
12.2. International Warranties
90
12.3. Technical Assistance and Service
90
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2. Introduction
6
PLM+ SERIES Operation Manual rev 3.0.1
2. Introduction
2.1. Welcome
Thank you for choosing the Lab.gruppen PLM+ Series of Powered Loudspeaker Management systems for your
For fast installation and use of this product, your welcome package includes a printed copy of the PLM+ Series
Quick Start Guide which contains the information required to safely install the product and place it in service.
Control and editing features are accessible via the front panel interface or via the included Lake Controller software.
It is recommended that the Quick Start Guide and all product documentation is reviewed to ensure familiarity with
the various configuration and control options.
2.2. Main Features
The PLM+ Series incorporates a number of sophisticated technologies to ensure the best possible performance
2.2.1. Amplifier Platform
The PLM+ Series also incorporates Lab.gruppen’s exclusive Rational Power Management (RPM), which allows
Any channel in either model is capable of delivering higher outputs than the average 25% of the total power.
requirements for touring loudspeaker systems.
2.2.2. Amplifier DSP (Digital Signal Processor)
Various features of PLM+ Series devices are controlled by the on-board DSP, some of which are summarized in
this section.
The PLM+ 20K44 and 12K44 amplifiers feature four channels of Lab.gruppen's unique and patented
Class TD® output stages, and high-efficiency Intercooler® copper-finned cooling system. The PLM5K44
uses a newly developed Class D technology design with increased efficiency and sustained sonic performance. All models have a regulated Switch Mode Power Supply (R.SMPS™) with unparalleled Power Factor
Correction (PFC) extremely close to one, and a full suite of protection features including the Breaker Emulation
Limiter (BEL).
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2. Introduction
PLM+ SERIES Operation Manual rev 3.0.1
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2.2.2.1. Amplifier Gain
Amplier Gain is set in the digital domain for PLM+ Series devices, and may be controlled via the Lake Controller
software or front-panel interface.
2.2.2.2. ISVPL™
The Inter-Sample Voltage Peak Limiter (ISVPL) tailors each power output to the characteristics of the connected
load. Please refer to section 5.3.1 for further information.
2.2.2.3. Load Verification & Performance Monitoring
A comprehensive set of proprietary DSP-based tools are provided for load verication and real-time performance
monitoring. These functions utilize Fingerprint les available for some loudspeaker presets in the Lake LoadLibrary.
The LoadLibrary compiles a comprehensive database for each loudspeaker component of the connected load,
usually one or more band-limited drivers in a multi-way system.
2.2.3. Lake Processing and Controller
PLM+ Series devices integrate seamlessly into the Lake Processing environment and are accessible via the Lake
Controller software. Processing modules offer precise settings for gain, delay, crossover settings, equalization and
limiting. Lake processing features incorporated in each module include Raised Cosine Equalization™, linear phase
crossovers, and LimiterMax™ loudspeaker protection. Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for
further information.
2.2.4. Analyzer Plug-in
Lake Controller software provides integration with third-party real-time analyzers, providing simultaneous
measurement display and EQ adjustment via the Lake Controller. Approved analyzers include Rational Acoustics
Smaart 7, SysTune from AMFG, and WaveCapture Live-Capture Light or Live-Capture Pro; additional third-party
analyzers may be approved in the future.
Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further information regarding the Analyzer plug-in and
associated functionality.
2.2.5. Dante™ Audio Network
PLM+ Series devices include Dante digital audio networking as standard. Utilizing the latest advances in Ethernet
technology, Dante offers simplied system conguration and extremely low latency while delivering very high quality
uncompressed digital audio across the Lake network. The Zen™ automatic conguration feature enables plugand-play setup without third-party DHCP or DNS servers. Dante is compatible with high-bandwidth networks,
allowing large numbers of audio channels to be distributed alongside control and analyzer data.
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3. Installation
8
PLM+ SERIES Operation Manual rev 3.0.1
2.3. Additional Documentation
This document, the PLM+ Operation Manual, serves as the primary reference source for detailed information
on the installation and operation of PLM+ Series Powered Loudspeaker Management systems. It also provides
For complete information on DSP configuration and operation using Lake Controller, please refer to the
Lake Controller Manual, available online at www.labgruppen.com/support.
For detailed information on configuration and operation of the power platform using CAFÉ, please refer to the guide
embedded in the software or to the CAFÉ Coach video series available on the Lab.gruppen
YouTube channel or via a link on www.labgruppen.com.
3. Installation
3.1. Unpacking
Carefully open the shipping carton and check for any damage to the device or the supplied accessories. Every
Lab.gruppen product is tested and inspected before leaving the factory and should arrive in perfect condition. If
any damage is discovered, please notify the shipping company immediately. Only the consignee may initiate a
claim with the carrier or their insurers for damage incurred during shipping. Save the carton and packing materials
for the carrier’s inspection.
In addition to the PLM+ Series device, the shipping carton includes the following items:
• PLM+ Series Quick Start & Field Reference Guide
• AC mains lead (power cable) with Neutrik® powerCON® connector
• Rear brackets for additional rack support (pair) along with associated mounting hardware
Please keep the original carton and associated packaging to facilitate shipping of the device should the need arise.
3.2. Mounting
top or bottom vents and therefore PLM+ units may be stacked directly on top of each other.
accommodate connectors and cables; allowance must be made for cable or loom bends within a rack.
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3. Installation
PLM+ SERIES Operation Manual rev 3.0.1
9
3.2.1. Rear Mounting
Two rear support brackets along with associated mounting hardware are included with the PLM+, as shown in
Figure 3.1; it is recommended that these are used wherever possible. Fit the brackets to the vertical rails at the rear
of the rack. Figure 3.2 and Figure 3.3 show the tting options for xed and removable installation.
The support brackets are reversible and may be tted to point either to the front or rear of the rack; the orientation
used depends on the rack depth and position of the rear rack rails.
Two mounting methods are possible; note that the method shown in Figure 3.2 additionally provides extra security
against unauthorized removal. For situations where rapid removal and replacement is required, the method shown
in Figure 3.3 should be used.
Fig 3.1: Rear support bracket with mounting hardware
Fig 3.2: Rear support bracket mounted for Fig 3.3: Rear support bracket mounted for
xed installation and bracket pointing forward removable installation and bracket pointing back
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3. Installation
10
PLM+ SERIES Operation Manual rev 3.0.1
3.3. Cooling
3.3.1. Overview
direction.
space to allow air to escape. If the PLM+ is rack-mounted, never operate the unit with any front or rear rack doors
or covers in position. It is recommended to keep the ambient temperature around the PLM+ as cool as possible.
inside the PLM+.
NOTE: Fit solid blanks (not ventilation blanks) to unused rack spaces to ensure effective air circulation.
Leaving gaps in between items of equipment degrades the effectiveness of forced-air cooling.
If installing one or more PLM+ Series devices in a rack with other fan-cooled equipment, be sure that all the
3.3.2. Temperature Sensing and Protection
The PLM+ is equipped with a sophisticated temperature sensing system which protects it from any overheating
which may occur as a result of inadequate ventilation.
3.4. Operating Voltage
The label adjacent to the mains (AC) input connector indicates the AC mains voltage for which the device is wired
and approved. All PLM+ models incorporate a universal power supply operating from 65 V to 265 V, but with
UVL (Under Voltage Limiting) active below 80 V. Only connect the mains cable (AC cord) to an AC source of the
voltage shown on the label.
The PLM+ uses primary switching, which means the mains power is
transformer. This makes the power supply insensitive to mains frequency variation, and it will operate normally on
line frequencies from 45 to 75 Hz.
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3. Installation
PLM+ SERIES Operation Manual rev 3.0.1
11
If the mains plug (AC plug) tted to the mains cable (AC cord) is not appropriate for your country, it can be removed
and a locally-sourced one tted instead, observing the color coding in the table below:
Table 3.1: AC Plug Conguration
If you are not 100% condent of your competence to replace the mains plug (AC plug), the task should be carried
out by qualied personnel.
Once a suitable AC power supply is connected, the device can be turned on using the front panel power button.
When the device is turned on, the power button LED changes from red (Standby) to green (Active).
NOTE: In-rush current is controlled and limited during the soft-start sequence. This enables multiple
PLM+ units on the same AC mains circuit to be turned on simultaneously
3.5. Grounding
Analog inputs feature Iso-Float™ ground isolation, a technology which combines the benets of transformer
coupled isolation with the advantages of clean, direct-coupled inputs.
The audio converters are galvanically isolated, and not connected to mains ground. High-speed transformers and
opto-isolators create a barrier between the device and the outside electrical environment.
NOTE: The Iso-Float feature is activated by default, but may be disabled via the Lake Controller
software, or via the front panel menu.
Use correctly-shielded balanced audio input connections to minimise hum and interference. Please refer to section
8.2.4 for further information.
NEVER disconnect the earth (ground) pin on the mains cable (AC power cord).
powerCON pin 230 V Cable 115 V Cable
L Brown Black
N Blue White
Green/Yellow Green
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4. Product Overview
12
PLM+ SERIES Operation Manual rev 3.0.1
4. Product Overview
4.1. Front Panel Overview
The front panel presents the following amplier status indicators:
The front panel controls are clustered around a daylight readable LCD 3 , allowing adjustment and monitoring of
the majority parameters and meters. The two clusters of controls on either side of the LCD include ve dedicated
function buttons
4 5 6 7
12
, eight dynamic function buttons with embedded LEDs
8 9
and a rotary data
encoder 11 .
1
Handles – Two sturdy cast aluminium handles are integrated into the front panel. The handles should be used
when carrying the device, and when tting into or removing from a rack. Ensure that any door or removable rack
front cover has sufcient depth to clear the handles.
2
Dust Filters – Two dust lters are tted behind metal covers. To remove the covers, loosen the thumbscrews
located behind the handles. Once detached, the dust lter elements can be removed for cleaning; please refer to
section 9.2 for further information.
NOTE: NEVER operate this device without the dust lters in place.
3
Display – The display illuminates when the device is on, except when screen saver is active. The LCD,
function buttons, and the rotary encoder provide real-time control and monitoring of most parameters. The
LEDs embedded in the function buttons indicate available menu options, provide conrmation of Controller
communication, and indicate various faults and warnings. The display automatically returns to Home view if no
activity within two minutes.
The brightness and contrast of the display and front panel LEDs can be adjusted via the front panel menu. A
screensaver will turn off the display when the unit is left without any action or with very low power output signal for
30 minutes. It will light up again at the push of any button, when the Lake Controller communicates with any frame
or when signal reaches above -20 dB on any power output. Please refer to Section 7 for further details.
4
Standby – PLM+ Series devices are powered on and to standby using the top-left button, or via the
Lake Controller.
3
1 2 4
5
6
7 8 9 12
11
10 2 1
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4. Product Overview
PLM+ SERIES Operation Manual rev 3.0.1
13
5
Mute Enable – Select MUTE ENABLE to allow the dynamic function buttons to operate as mute controls for
the Module inputs and power output channels. The MUTE ENABLE bu
a subsequent press deselects this mode. If left activated, MUTE ENABLE mode will automatically disable two
minutes after the last mute action.
6
Meter
Meters View, Temperature Meters View, Input Meters View and Module Meters View. Pressing METER from Menu
Mode returns the screen to Meter Mode with the Home View displayed. Please refer to section 7.5 for further
details.
7
Menu – After pressing the MENU button, the LCD will display the top level menu. In Menu Mode the dynamic
function buttons enable access to various information and functionality. Please refer to section 7.6 for further details.
8
Dynamic Function Buttons with LEDs (Left of LCD) – The function of these buttons change according to
the currently selected view or menu.
• In Menu Mode they are used for menu navigation and for parameter selection
• In Meter Mode they provide Module input mute/unmute functionality in conjunction MUTE ENABLE
The left buttons provide Module input mute functionality, mute indication and faults and warning indications relating
eously when indicating frame faults (red) or
warnings (yellow). Please refer to section 9 for further details.
9
Dynamic Function Buttons with LEDs (Right of LCD) – The function of these buttons change according to
the currently selected view or menu.
• In Menu Mode they are used for menu navigation and for parameter selection
• In Meter Mode they provide PLM+ output mute/unmute functionality in conjunction MUTE ENABLE
All LEDs provide individual mute, clip, fault and warning indications for the PLM+ power outputs channels. Please
refer to section 7 for further details.
10
Communication LED – The high-intensity white LED illuminates white to indicate that the Module/Frame is
The brightness of the LCD and communications LED can be adjusted in the Frame page of the Main Menu on the
front panel.
11
Rotary Encoder – The rotary encoder is used to modify various parameters (e.g. input level) via the menu.
When a menu item is selected that permits adjustment of parameter values, the ring around the rotary encoder
illuminates. In Home View the encoder can be used to scroll through the Meter Views.
12
Exit – The EXIT button is used primarily while navigating the menu system in Menu Mode; pressing EXIT will
return the menu up one level. In Meter Mode, pressing EXIT returns the metering display to the default Home View.
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4. Product Overview
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PLM+ SERIES Operation Manual rev 3.0.1
4.2. Rear panel
3 4 51
1 23
4
INPUT 1 INPUT 2 INPUT 3
AES/EBU
INPUT 1-2 INPUT 3-4
SECPRIM
Must be grounded/earthed
Made in Sweden
PIN 1: SCRN 2: POS 3: NEG
ANALOG WITH ISO- FLOAT
TM
50-60Hz
100-240V 2400-2950W
Ser. N:o
Removed!
CH 2
CH 1
CH 4
CH 3
SPEAKER OUTPUTS
CLASS 3 WIRING
BRIDGE
BRIDGE
INPUT 4
SWITCHED 00/ 000 Base-TX1 1
1Gbps 1Gbps
LINK
ACT
LINK
ACT
1+/- CH 1+/2+/- CH 2+/-
1+/- CH 1+/2+/- CH 2+/-
3+/- CH 3+/4+/- CH 4+/-
1+/- CH 3+/2+/- CH 4+/-
CLASS 3
WIRING
BRIDGE CH 1 & 2:
1+:+
2- : -
BRIDGE CH 3 & 4: 1+ : +, 2- : -
SPEAKER OUTPUTS
75 6
Input Connectors
1
Analog Inputs – Four analog inputs are available on standard XLR-3F connectors, electronically balanced and
featuring Lake Iso-Float circuitry. Impedance is 20 kohms; maximum input level is +26 dBu.
2
AES3 Inputs – Two latching XLR-3F connectors accept four channels of AES3 digital audio. Input impedance
is 110 ohms; ensure that 110 ohm digital audio cables are used.
Output Connectors
The PLM20K44 and PLM12K44 are Your device will be equipped with one of the two output connector options.
Both options allow for Bridge Mode operation, which is activated in the Lake Controller software. Please refer
to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for more information. The PLM5K44 is equipped with both binding posts
and speakON connectors, and does not support Bridge Mode operation.
3
Binding Posts – Power outputs are available on four separate pairs of fully enclosed binding posts.
4
speakON connectors – Power outputs are available simultaneously on a single 8-pole connector (PLM20K44
and PLM12K44 only) and on two 4-pole connectors. The four-pole connectors carry outputs for channels 1&2
and 3&4 respectively. For PLM5K44, connector 1 carries output channels 1 and 2, connector 2 carries channel 2,
connector 3 carries channel 3and 4, and connector 4 carries channel 4.
INPUT 1 INPUT 2 INPUT 3
PIN 1: SCRN 2: POS 3: NEG
ANALOG WITH ISO-FLOAT
TM
INPUT 4
Ser. N:o
Removed!
AES/EBU
SWITCHED 00/ 000 Base-TX1 1
INPUT 1-2 INPUT 3-4
SECPRIM
1Gbps 1Gbps
LINK
ACT
LINK
ACT
PLM 5K44
CH 2CH 1
SPEAKER OUTPUTS
CH 2CH 1
1+/- CH 1+/2+/- CH 2+/-
1+/- CH 2+/-
CH 4CH 3
CH 4CH 3
CLASS 2
WIRING
1+/- CH 3+/2+/- CH 4+/-
1+/- CH 4+/-
Must be
grounded/
earthed
50-60Hz
100-240V
2400-2950W
3
1 2 5 6 4 7
Page 15
4. Product Overview
PLM+ SERIES Operation Manual rev 3.0.1
15
Ethernet and Power Connectors
5
Primary Network Connector – The primary Neutrik RJ45 etherCON® connection provides integration into
an Ethernet control network which may include other Lake Processors and the Lake Controller software. Network
connection permits full control of all functions along with real-time metering from a remote position. This device
supports the Dante audio networking protocol for multichannel, high-definition digital audio over the same Ethernet
connection.
Use the primary connector when using a star network topology, consisting of individual Cat-5e connections
between the devices and an Ethernet switch. Alternatively, this connection can be used to daisy chain directly to
another Lake Processor. The daisy chain topology should not be used with Dante.
Note: Do not create a closed loop when confi guring multiple devices in an Ethernet network; this will
cause a network malfunction.
6
Secondary Network Connector – The secondary network connector can be used to daisy-chain multiple
PLM+ Series devices. Alternatively, a Dante dual-network topology can be created by connecting all secondary
network connectors to a separate Ethernet switch, ensuring full redundancy in the event of a network component
failure.
7
Mains Power Connector – AC mains input for the PLM20K44 and PLM12K44 is via a Neutrik powerCON
connector, rated at 32A. Connector mates with supplied AC mains cable. PLM5K44 uses a standard IEC locking
connector. See previous section on Operating Voltage for more information.
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5. Operation and performance
5.1. Operation precautions
Make sure that the Standby button on the unit’s front panel is either unlit (OFF), or red (STANDBY), before making
any input or output connections. Ensure the AC voltage is within the range printed on the label adjacent to the AC
mains connector. Ensure no input signal is present when powering on the unit to reduce the risk of any inadvertent
bursts of high level audio.
5.2. Power output performance
5.2.1. Symmetrical Power
The PLM+ models can deliver power as shown in Table 5.1 when all channels are driven equally.
Table 5.1: Symmetrical Load Power Ratings
5.2.2. Rational Power Management™
across channels of the PLM+ unit. Power that is not used by one output channel is free for use by another output
channels that can produce the maximum channel power of the largest model. Hence, by using RPM, it is possible
model.
Load Impedance (ohms)
2 ohms
(per channel)
2.67 ohms
(per channel)
4 ohms
(per channel)
8 ohms
(per channel)
16 ohms
(per channel)
PLM 12K44 3000 W 3000 W 3000 W 1900 W 950 W
PLM 20K44 4400 W 5000 W 4400 W 230 0 W 1150 W
PLM 5K44 900 W 1250 W 1250 W 1250 W 700 W
The PLM20K44 and PLM12K44 use Lab.gruppen’s patented Class TD technology (Tracking Class D) in the output stages,
which couples the efficiency of Class D topologies to the sonic purity of Class A/B designs. The primary benefit is that
Lab.gruppen’s Class TD works perfectly under all load conditions. The output maintains its flat frequency response
even into complex loads with very low nominal impedances. Reliability is very high, and there is no interference with
nearby RF equipment. Superior efficiency allows greater power density while minimizing cooling requirements, yet
sound quality matches that of the best Class A/B designs. The PLM5K44 uses a newly developed Class D technology
design with increased efficiency and sustained sonic performance.
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Desired power can be specied in several domains: burst and peak power; peak and RMS voltage; and also
the speaker’s AES power rating. By specifying the nominal impedance of the load, the RPM algorithms have all
input data required to calculate resulting RPM settings. If the desired RPM settings taken together allow total
output higher than the capabilities of the amplier, RPM will reduce actual RPM conguration evenly based on a
proportional reduction in dB. Once applied, the RPM functionality will ensure that the channel is not delivering more
power than specied. The ISVPL limiter algorithm performs the actual limitation. As default, the smaller models in
the range have an RPM conguration detailing an equal shared power allocation cross the channels at a voltage
(default voltage limitation) given in the specication sheet. To prevent the risk of over allocating the power supply
for varying or incorrect load impedances, RPM has a limitation for the smaller models in the range of the number of
channels that can be lifted above the default voltage limitation. RPM can be congured in two modes.
PLM+ Series - Amp channels power adjusted to match the loudspeaker requirements
3000 W
MIDSUB
LOW
HIGH
Figure 5.2: Amp channels power adjusted to match the loudspeaker requirements
Auto RPM: The frame will automatically allocate power per output channel according to the ISVPL settings in the
speaker preset (per module output) in Lake Controller. Auto RPM assumes a nominal impedance of the Load and
applies an approximate power allocation. Auto RPM is default for PLM+.
Custom RPM: The CAFÉ software allows users to create an advanced custom power allocation scheme.
Switching to Custom mode disables the Automatic mode. Additional information is available in documentation
supplied with the CAFÉ software download.
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CAFÉ with ESP: CAFÉ (Conguring Ampliers For the Environment) is a dedicated software application for
Windows and OSX that provides tools for system planning, specication and commissioning. CAFÉ incorporates
the Equipment Specication Predictor (ESP), a software module that examines SPL and speaker requirements
for a project and generates requirements for output power on an amplier and system level. ESP will generate a
custom RPM conguration optimizing the power allocation within the frame. For more information on CAFÉ and
ESP, please consult the documentation supplied with the CAFÉ software download.
5.3. Amplifier and Load Protection Systems
The PLM+ is equipped with a comprehensive set of protection circuits. If operating conditions become sufciently
extreme that any of these circuits become active, indication is provided by amber or red LEDs on the front panel,
and by text notications in the Lake Controller and CAFÉ software. Refer to section 9.1 for more information on
warnings and faults.
5.3.1. Inter–Sample Voltage Peak Limiter (ISVPL)
The ISVPL is a high quality voltage limiter that can deliver seamless signal limiting to any desired level. It ensures
that the voltage at the output terminals never exceeds the dened threshold. It operates on these principles:
• The signal is delayed slightly to allow the ISVPL to look–ahead and reduce the gain before voltage in excess
of the threshold can appear at the output. This results in zero voltage overshoot at the output with a rounded
limitation up to the threshold.
• The amplitude of the output signal between digital samples is predicted which permits the ISVPL to respond to
analog peaks that may occur at the digital to analog converter.
• The release time of gain reduction is adaptive depending on the dynamics of the signal. It is possible to select
different ISVPL proles for limiting optimization for a specic frequency band and personal preference. The
proles are divided into two categories, with one category optimized for low distortion and the other focusing
on producing high sound pressure level (SPL). Within each category there are proles optimized for the different
frequency bands.
5.3.1.1. Low Distortion Profiles
• Universal – The universal prole is a soft limiter that can be used for all frequencies and is conservative in its
action upon VCL and CPL.
• Sub/LF – The Sub/LF prole is tuned for frequency bands below 600 Hz. It has longer attack and release times
and is less conservative when it comes to acting upon VCL and CPL.
5.3.1.2. High SPL Profiles
High SPL proles do not use the adaptive release time feature. High SPL proles optimized for high frequencies
use less of the look–ahead delay peak–rounding feature; this feature is used most in the Sub prole and least the
HF prole.
• Sub – The Sub prole is optimized for frequencies between 20 – 200 Hz
• LF – The LF prole is optimized for frequencies between 20 – 1200 Hz
• MF – The MF prole is optimized for frequencies between 300 – 6000 Hz
• HF – The HF prole is optimized for frequencies above 1 kHz
Page 19
Lake-enabled amplifier devices (D Series Lake, PLM+, PLM) that have a smaller peak output voltage capability still
allow ISVPL speaker threshold settings up to 600 V. When a threshold is set above the current maximum capability
of a power output channel, the actual ISVPL will automatically be set to the maximum ISVPL for that channel.
channel and displayed in [ ]. Therefore, the ISPVL threshold can be set at the Module for the speakers’s maximum
capability, and the Module file remains cross-compatible with all Lake-enabled amplifier devices.
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19
Table 5.3 shows the theoretical maximum output power for a given load impedance and ISVPL setting.
Max. Sinewave Burst Power (Watts)
LLoad Impedance (ohms)
2 2.67 4 8 16
LISVPL SETTING (V peak)
194 4489 5993 4705 2352 1176
193 4489 599 3 4656 2328 1164
181 4489 599 3 409 5 204 8 102 4
167 4489 522 3 348 6 1743 872
153 4489 4384 2 926 14 63 732
121 3660 2742 1830 915 458
101 2550 1910 1275 638 319
83 1722 12 90 861 4 31 215
70 1225 918 613 306 15 3
56 784 58 7 392 19 6 98
47 552 414 276 138 6 9
38 361 27 0 181 90 45
17.8 79 59 40 2 0 10
Table 5.3: ISVPL–to–output examples
The ISVPL threshold may be set at any level between 17.8 V and 600 V in the Lake Controller software. For further
details, please refer to the Lake Controller User Manual.
5.3.2. Current Peak Limiter (CPL)
The output Current Peak Limiter (CPL) ensures that the power output section will not be damaged by forcing it to
deliver current levels at the outputs that exceed the maximum current ratings of the output transistors. The CPL
keeps the output transistors within their Safe Operating Area (SOA). The CPL is non–adjustable.
This condition indicates an attempt to draw excessive current at the output. The output is attenuated until the
output current falls below the maximum current rating. Limiting is performed by the ISVPL limiter in conjunction
CPL activity is shown by red indication on the Power channel LED of the affected output channel and a
corresponding text description on the front panel in Lake Controller and CAFÉ software programs.
Refer to section 9.1 for more information on warnings and faults.
NOTE: If excessive current is indicated, check the output cables and examine the loudspeaker. If
impedance appears normal, you may rectify the condition by altering the ISVPL settings or lowering
input levels. CPL indication can be triggered by excessively low output impedance, possibly the result
of too many loudspeaker cabinets connected in parallel.
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5.3.3. Power Average Limiter (PAL)
The Power Average Limiter Active warning (PAL Active) will be displayed when the power supply’s maximum rated
design parameters are reached. When this warning is displayed, gain limiting is being applied to the output signal
and the ISVPL threshold is lowered accordingly.
PAL activity is shown by flashing yellow on the frame LEDs and a corresponding text description on the front and
in Lake Controller and CAFÉ software programs. Refer to section 9.1 for more information on warnings and faults.
5.3.4. Breaker Emulation Limiter (BEL™)
The BEL models the temperature in the external breaker and limits the mains current to prevent the breaker from
•
•
allows current above the threshold to pass for a short time, leading to an increased modeled temperature. For
the limiter to disengage, the current must reduce below the threshold to enable the breaker to cool down.
•
momentarily allows current above the threshold for a longer time, leading to an increased modeled temperature.
5.3.5. Under Voltage Limiter (UVL™)
PLM+ devices are equipped with an under voltage limiter. With multiple, powerful devices on a mains distribution
line, heavy current loads risk the reduction of voltage below that required for devices to function. The UVL reduces
the mains current draw when voltage drops below 80 V. The amount of reduction applied increases as mains
voltage drops towards 65 V; at 65 V the power supply is shut down. The mains supply is continually monitored and
value can be set from 1 to 32 Arms, though the PLM 12K44 will automatically limit at between 5-25 and the
PLM 5K44 between 2-15 Arms. Just as with ISVPL, the actual value is displayed in [ ]. The different models have
different maximum current capabilities as specifies in the specification sheet. Also, the smaller models can be
configured all the way up to maximum user range. When the nominal current is set above the model’s capabilities,
the actual current is set to the maximum capabilities of the unit. Therefore, the nominal current can be set for the
application and the configuration remains cross-compatible with all the models. There are three different profiles
available for selection:
The BEL is configured manually from the front panel with the Lake Controller or CAFÉ software. CAFÉs ESP
design aid can also predict the current consumption, with the exact speaker requirements, and propose a
safeguarding BEL configuration
BEL activity is shown by flashing yellow on the frame LEDs and a corresponding text description on the front panel,
in Lake Controller and CAFÉ software programs. Refer to section 9.1 for more information on warnings and faults.
UVL activity is shown by flashing yellow on the frame LEDs and a corresponding text description on the front panel,
in Lake Controller and CAFÉ software programs. Refer to section 9.1 for more information on warnings and faults.
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5.3.6. Current Average Limiter (CAL™)
The Current Average Limiter (CAL) monitors the RMS current drawn from each power output channel to ensure
that the power output stages are not overloaded. When activated, it regulates the current to a safe level to
protect the channel. The CAL should not be activated in normal usage. CAL activity is shown by red indication on the
affected Power channel and a corresponding text description on the front panel, in Lake Controller and CAFÉ software
programs. Refer to section 9.1 for more information on warnings and faults.
5.3.7. Voltage Clip Limiter (VCL)
5.3.8. Temperature Protection
5.3.8.1. Overview
5.3.6.1. PLM5K44
PLM+ devices are equipped with a sophisticated temperature sensing system that provides protection
from overheating which may occur as a result of inadequate ventilation or excessive power output. Thermal
measurements are made at several points within each power output channel along with measurements in the
continuously, with the highest possible output, and prevent shutting down. If temperature in any area reaches
a critical level, a warning is displayed. The warning is issued at approximately 80% of the maximum allowable
temperature. If the temperature continues to increase, a limiter is engaged that limits signal peaks to reduce further
heat accumulation. Limiting is accomplished by gradual reduction of the ISVPL thresholds. In the extreme case
where the limiter cannot reduce heat accumulation and temperature reaches a dangerous level, a fault is displayed
and audio is muted.
Each power output channel, the power supply, and DSP area have separate indications. For all temperature faults,
temperature monitoring will continue at 0.5 second intervals, with the output remaining muted. When the area has
cooled below the dangerous threshold, the fault condition is cleared and audio is restored.
5.3.8.2. Power Output Channels
If current draw from the unit’s power supply is too high, the PSU’s regulation capability may be exceeded and
the internal voltage rails may drop and cause clipping. If this occurs, the VCL acts rapidly to prevent clipping on
the subsequent peaks. Limiting is performed by the ISVPL limiter in conjuction with the selected ISVPL profile.
Voltage Clip is shown by red indication on the affected Power channel and a corresponding text description on
the front panel, in Lake Controller and CAFÉ software programs. Refer to section 9.1 for more information on
warnings and faults.
A Power output channel temperature warning or fault is shown by yellow or red indication on the affected
Power channel and a corresponding text description on the front panel, in Lake Controller and CAFÉ software
programs. Refer to section 9.1 for more information on warnings and faults.
For the PLM5K44, the CAL threshold is calculated per Power channel based on the actual ISVPL setting. A high
ISVPL setting results in a lower average current, whereas a lower ISVPL setting allows for a higher average
current.
NOTE: For PLM5K44, to optimize the CAL’s behavior when playing into a low impedance
load - manually set the desired ISVPL to reflect the real peak Voltage output to allow
for a higher average current.
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Limiter (ATL) is engaged, reducing power output to avoid amp channel protection (muting). Limiting is removed
when temperature falls below the warning threshold.
5.3.8.3. Power Supply / DSP
A power supply (PSU) or DSP temperature warning or fault is indicated by flashing Frame LEDs.
• A warning is indicated by flashing yellow LEDs
• Power supply Temperature Limit (PTL) is indicated by flashing yellow LED
• A fault is indicated with flashing red LEDs
5.3.9. DC Protection
DC protection is implemented on each power output to prevent damage to connected loudspeakers or any PLM+
components. DC present at the output will cause the unit’s power output module breaker to blow, causing a
permanent hardware fault that prevents signal throughput. In this instance the channel’s LED will illuminate red and
a service channel fault will be visible on the display and registered in the Lake Controller and CAFÉ status views on the
PLM 12K44 and PLM 20K44. For the PLM 5K44, there is no fault displayed in this instance, but no signal will be
present on the output. For all models, the device will need to be sent in for service.
NOTE: A blown breaker in the power output module is not a user serviceable fault
condition and the unit should be returned for repair.
5.3.10. VHF Protection
When the power supply reaches the temperature warning threshold, the Power supply Temperature Limiter (PTL)
is engaged. Total amplifier output power is reduced to avoid power supply fault protection (muting of all channels).
Limiting is removed when the temperature falls below the warning threshold.
The PLM+ includes protection circuits that detect Very High Frequency (VHF) content in the output signal.
The detection is amplitude–, frequency– and time–dependent. If continuous VHF signals are detected above the
threshold for more than the attack time, the output will (for 20K44 and 12K44 only) attenuate the signal until it is
below the VHF threshold. When this is done, a VHF Warning is displayed. If the signal is above the VHF threshold
and the maximum of -12 dB of gain reduction is not enough to take the signal below the VHF threshold, the signal
will go into mute after 15 seconds and a VHF Fault is displayed. VHF Fault will release the mute again after
approximately 6 seconds. For a 5K44, the VHF threshold will directly go to VHF Fault and mute the signal for
approximately 6 seconds before release and test again. When continuous VHF signal stops, the amplifier returns to
normal operation.
This protection system recognizes only continuous VHF signals at high levels that will not appear in speech or
music. Any such content can therefore be considered as a fault condition. VHF protection is essential to avoid
damage to HF drivers. VHF protection is dependent on a combination of output power level and frequency.
Figure 11.4 shows a decreasing power threshold, from approximately 10 kHz upwards, which illustrates increasing
sensitivity of the protection system with frequency. When continuous output power above the threshold line is
detected, VHF protection becomes active.
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Trigger voltage
Voltage [Vrms]
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 5
10 15 20 25 30
Frequency [kHz]
Fig 5.4: VHF Protection Frequency Sensitivity
The attack time of the VHF protection circuitry also changes with frequency, becoming shorter at higher
frequencies. This is shown in Figure 5.5.
Full output voltage
Time [ms]
1400
1200
1000
600
800
400
20
200
0
0 5
10 15 20 25 30
Frequency [kHz]
Fig 5.5: VHF Protection Attack Time Variations
The VHF protection circuit does not alter the amplifier’s frequency response. It is implemented solely to detect continuous
VHF content. HF content of normal music or speech signals at peak levels will be passed in full. Operation of the VHF
protection circuits is indicated by the Power channel’s LED that will illuminate yellow and display VHF Warning when the
maximum -12 dB gain reduction is applied (20K44 and 12K44 only). The Power channel LED will light red for VHF Fault.
Both of these will be registered in the Lake Controller and CAFÉ status views.
5.3.11. Short Circuit Protection
A low impedance or short circuit at the power output terminals is detected when the output current is high (Current
Peak Limiter is active) and, simultaneously, the peak output voltage is below a predetermined threshold. When this
situation occurs, the output stage is muted to protect it from damage.
Operation of the short circuit protection system is indicated by red indication on the affected Power channel
and a corresponding text description on the front panel, in Lake Controller and CAFÉ software programs.
Refer to section 9.1 for more information on warnings and faults.
The presence of a short circuit (or low impedance) is re–tested every six seconds, and the output remains muted
until the fault clears.
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5.3.12. Power supply protection
The power supply is very advanced and has several internal control and monitoring functions. Should any of these
fail, the power supply will shut down to prevent damage or limit severity of the failure. Power supply faults, or
power supply needs service faults, are indicated by flashing red on the frame LEDs and a corresponding text
description on the front panel, in Lake Controller and CAFÉ software programs. Refer to section 9.1 for more
information on warnings and faults.
In the extreme event of simultaneous low mains voltage supply and high power demand, the amount of incoming
supply will then be forced to shut down. This
condition is a power protect fault, indicated with a red LED and associated error messages registered in Lake
Controller and CAFÉ software programs.
5.3.13. Mains anomaly protection
AC mains service.
Over–voltage – If the power supply detects mains voltage above 400 V peak or 270 V RMS, it will enter protective
Under–voltage – If the power supply detects mains voltage of less than 65 V, it will enter protective shut down
Mains instability – If the power supply detects protracted instability in the AC mains, it will enter protective shut
Mains glitch – If the power supply detects a momentary mains glitch (missing cycles) at the AC inlet, a warning
indication will be reported with flashing yellow on the frame LEDs and a corresponding text description on the
front panel, in Lake Controller and CAFÉ software programs. The powers supply and product continue operation
throughout a mains glitch.
5.4. Power Supply
The R.SMPS (Regulated Switch Mode Power Supply) is designed to keep supply voltage rails at optimum levels.
Thus the R.SMPS can deliver full rail voltage to the output sta
consistent transient response and a clean LF response.
The PLM+ features a universal power supply with power factor correction (PFC). The device can accept any mains
current peaks on the lines and reduces the requirements placed on the mains distribution system. PLM+ units offer
an unparalleled power factor extremely close to one.
shut down mode. The amplifier will auto-restart if the condition clears. Will be indicated by flashing red on the frame
LEDs and a corresponding text description on the front panel, in Lake Controller and CAFÉ software programs.
Refer to section 9.1 for more information on warnings and faults.
mode. The amplifier will auto-restart if the condition clears. Will be indicated by flashing red on the frame LEDs
and a corresponding text description on the front panel, in Lake Controller and CAFÉ software programs.
Refer to section 9.1 for more information on warnings and faults.
down mode. The amplifier will auto-restart if the condition clears. Will be indicated by flashing red on the frame LEDs
and a corresponding text description on the front panel, in Lake Controller and CAFÉ software programs.
Refer to section 9.1 for more information on warnings and faults.
Power protect – In the extreme event of simultaneous low mains voltage supply and high power demand, the
amount of incoming energy may not be sufficient for continued operation. The power supply will then be forced to
shut down. This condition is a power protect fault, indicated with flashing red on the frame LEDs and a corresponding
text description on the front panel, in Lake Controller and CAFÉ software programs. Refer to section 9.1 for more
information on warnings and faults.
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5.4.1. Low Inrush Current
High power ampliers with inadequate inrush current limiting can draw considerable current from the mains at
turn–on, sometimes tripping a fast–acting mains breaker. The PLM+, however, has very low inrush current to
prevent tripping of breakers. Several units can, under normal conditions, be powered up simultaneously. If you
do experience problems powering up multiple units simultaneously, they must either be turned on manually in an
ordered manner, or sequenced remotely using the Lake Controller software’s Global Control feature. Alternatively,
the capacity of the mains supply should be increased.
NOTE: If insufcient power is available to allow simultaneous power–up, then there is probably
insufcient capacity for full power output during operation. It is recommended that additional capacity is
added to the mains power distribution system.
5.5. LoadPilot Load Monitoring
5.5.1. Introduction
LoadPilot is a feature in PLM+ ampliers that can continually monitor the integrity of loudspeakers and cables
connected to the outputs to ensure that they are functioning properly and free from major anomalies or faults.
By implementing LoadPilot, systems incorporating PLM+ ampliers can be certied in compliance with voice
evacuation standards such as EN54–16 and NFPA72.
LoadPilot functions by automatically superimposing low–level pilot tones on the input signal (if any present) to the
amplier. One tone is below the range of human hearing (approximately 10–20 Hz) and the other above (24 kHz),
so the activity of LoadPilot is inaudible regardless of whether the system is currently reproducing program content.
High–resolution current sensing on the outputs can calculate the impedance of the load at the frequency of the
tones. Hence a stable measurement of the impedance of the load can be obtained and potential anomalies or
faults can be detected that would indicate impaired loudspeaker function or total inoperability due to failure of the
loudspeaker or faults in connected wiring. The superimposition of pilot tones and analysis is interleaved across the
amplier’s output channels with a maximum total cycle time of around 20 seconds.
LoadPilot is implemented and congured in the CAFÉ software. Monitoring status and fault indication are displayed
on the front panel and both in CAFÉ and Lake Controller.
LoadPilot may be congured with the automatic calibration or through a manual advanced mode, depending on
monitoring requirements and characteristics of the connected loudspeaker loads.
5.5.2. Automatic calibration
5.5.2.1 Functional description
Automatic calibration is suitable for the following applications and requirements for error detection:
• If one or two low–impedance loudspeakers are connected; if two in parallel is default, it will warn if one is
missing.
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• If there are one or two “spurs” with 70V loudspeakers connected; if two in parallel is default, it will warn if one
is missing.
• If there is a short circuit in the load.
• If there is an open circuit (all loudspeakers missing).
• For passive 2– and 3–way loudspeakers, if one or two LF drivers are connected and working; if two in parallel
is default, it will warn if one is missing.
• For some passive 2–way designs, if one HF driver is disconnected. (However, with some loudspeakers the
HF impedance is dominated by a passive component i.e. crossover lter and the anomaly will not be detected.)
NOTE: LoadPilot is enabled only when the amplier is On. It does not function while the amplier is in
Standby.
5.5.3. Manual configuration
5.5.3.1. Functional description
Manual conguration can be used in special cases where proper functioning requires setting of custom
measurement frequencies, custom measurement levels, custom warning thresholds, or combinations of the three.
Manual conguration addresses the following issues:
High noise levels – To obtain accurate impedance measurements, it is necessary to drive a current sufciently
above the noise oor. However, it is important to keep the level low in order to prevent audible artifacts from cone
travel. At very high impedances, the drive current may be insufcient. In the automatic mode, level is set around 60
mV which produces usable results for impedance up to 660 ohms.
Inductance in loudspeaker cables – Loudspeaker cable inductance at higher frequencies is very high relative to
passive resistance, and the inductance increases linearly with length. Consequently, monitoring at the 24 kHz pilot
tone frequency can be problematic with very long cables. The automatic mode will estimate cable impedance for
24 kHz and allow it to be used as long as it is less than 33% of total impedance presented by the load and as long
as the total impedance is below about 440 ohms.
DC blocking capacitors in loudspeakers – Some loudspeakers incorporate a capacitor designed to block
damaging voltages at very low frequencies. This may inhibit accurate measurements when using the 10 Hz pilot
tone. In automatic mode, LoadPilot will disable the 10 Hz tone if total impedance is above about 440 ohms.
Constant voltage loudspeakers – Loudspeakers driven via transformers in 70V/100V solutions are more likely
to exhibit wide variations in measured impedance as music and/or pilot tones are reproduced by the system. Also,
most constant voltage systems operate more than two loudspeakers in parallel. Therefore, in addition to manual
conguration of LoadPilot, additional step may be required. These include:
• Insertion of a series capacitor in each loudspeaker to block the 10 Hz LF tone – This will defeat measuring the
loudspeakers with the LF tone, but will allow the LF tone to propagate through the entire cable run.
• Insertion of EOL (end–of–line) resistors – This enables LoadPilot to detect cable faults in a spur of the system.
• Insertion of EOL (end–of–line) inductor – This is not mandatory, but it will avoid the loss of level at mid and high
frequencies due to the EOL resistor.
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NOTE: Manual conguration of LoadPilot is implemented in CAFÉ versions 1.1.0. and later. For detailed
information on manual conguration of LoadPilot, please refer to the integrated guide in the software
program and to the CAFÉ Coach videos posted on the Lab.gruppen web site and on the Lab.gruppen
channel on YouTube.
5.5.4. Indication
The LoadPilot feature constantly monitors the impedances at the two given pilot tone frequencies and compares to
the measured thresholds. The following faults and warnings can be triggered.
• Speaker shorted warning – Both tones below lower threshold. Corresponds to a distant short circuit that can
either be in the cabling or in the speaker.
• Speaker damaged warning – One of the tones is below or above thresholds. Corresponds to an unexpected
impedance deviation of one of the tones, most likely a damage to the speaker.
• Under speaker count warning – Both tones above upper threshold. Corresponds to an impedance increase
across the impedance response and most likely a loss of speaker(s) in a parallel speaker connection.
• No load fault – At least one tone above measurable area or signicantly above upper threshold. Most likely
corresponding to loss of the load.
• Short circuit fault – LoadPilot analysis below short circuit threshold.
Notes
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6. Signal Flow and Lake® Processing
6.1. Signal Flow
The gures below depict the audio signal ow for a PLM+ Series device. It is worth noting that this sophisticated
device provides seven points in the signal chain where the signal level can be adjusted, muted or disconnected.
The blue sections represent Frame data, and the red sections represent Module data - please refer to the Lake
Controller Operation Manual for further information.
Important information regarding correct setting of the gain structure can be found in section 10.2.
INPUTS
Dante Receivers 1-8
AES 1-4
Analog 1-4
OUTPUTS
Dante 1-8
(no mutes)
AES/Analog
pass through
to Dante
Input
Routers
1-4
WITH
INPUT
MUTES
Input
Mixer A
Input
Mixer B
Input
Mixer C
Input
Mixer D
Lake Contour
Module A
Attenuator
Mute
Phase Rev
Custom RPM
Lake Contour
Module B
Lake Contour
Module C*
Lake Contour
Module D*
ISVPL
Auto RPM
Amp Gain LoadSmart LoadPilot AMP
Attenuator
Mute
Phase Rev
Custom RPM
ISVPL
Auto RPM
Amp Gain LoadSmart LoadPilot AMP
Attenuator
Mute
Phase Rev
Custom RPM
ISVPL
Auto RPM
Amp Gain LoadSmart LoadPilot AMP
Attenuator
Mute
Phase Rev
Custom RPM
ISVPL
Auto RPM
Amp Gain LoadSmart LoadPilot AMP
Module Data stored in Module FIles (Speaker Presets)
Frame Data stored in System Files and Frame Presets
Output Routing
1 2 43 5
Figure 6.1: PLM+ Signal Flow Diagram
1
The input section (inputs, input router and input mixer) allows for mixing capabilities as well as redundant and
prioritized inputs with automatic switch-over in case of signal failure.
2
Up to four Lake Processing modules provide user EQ and loudspeaker processing, including LimiterMax limiting.
3
The Output router allows free routing between module outputs and power output channels.
4
Each power output channel provides individual channel processing, including ISVPL limiter, RPM and
load monitoring.
5
Power Amplier
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29
6.2. Level Adjustments & Mute Points
1 Input Router Stage Input selection and MUTE
2 Input Mixer Stage Router on /off connection to mixer and gain settings
3 Module Input Stage Mute (N/A for LM Series Mesa Mode) and gain settings
4 Module Output Stage Mute and gain settings
5 Output Router Stage Output on /off routing connections
6 Attenuation Stage Power output channel mute and attenuation settings
7 Amp Gain Stage Amplier gain control
NOTE: If the required audio signal is not passing correctly, verify the connection, mute and gain settings
at all seven stages.
6.2.1. Power Output Section: Limiting and Sensitivity
The Current Peak Limiter (CPL) dynamically limits the drive to the power stage based on three parameters: sensed
output current level, feedback from the output stage, and sensed voltage clip from the ISVPL. This ensures that
power output is maintained within the design limits of the PLM+.
The adjustable Inter-Sample Voltage Peak Limiter (ISVPL) sets the PLM+’s maximum output voltage and therefore
also the maximum output power. The ISVPL setting is made via MENU > MODULE > LIMITERS > ISVPL, and can
also be set from the Lake Controller software.
The sophisticated output section monitors faults and generates warnings when appropriate; warnings are
displayed on the front panel of the PLM+ and also sent as messages over the control network. In the rare event
that maximum ratings are signicantly exceeded, the PLM+ will mute until the condition has been rectied or
the incorrect setting has been readjusted. Sensing circuits also transmit local output power stage temperature,
processor card temperature, and PSU temperature to the appropriate protection circuits. Please refer to section
5.3 further details.
Table 6.2 lists PLM+ Series analog input sensitivity in dBu and Vrms for various Amp Gain settings and maximum/
minimum ISVPL settings, assuming an analog input headroom of 26 dBu.
Table 6.2: Analog Input Sensitivity in dBu and Vrms
Input Sensitivity
LISVPL SETTING
194 V 17.8 V
LGAIN (dB)
+44 +1.0 0.87 -19 .8 0.08
+41 +4.0 1.2 2 -16. 8 0 .11
+38 +7.0 1.73 -13. 8 0 .16
+35 +10. 0 2.44 -10 .8 0.22
+32 +13. 0 3.45 -7.8 0.32
+29 +16 .0 4.87 -4.8 0.45
+26 +19 .0 6.88 -1 .8 0.63
+22 +23.0 10.90 +2.2 1.00
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6.3. Lake Processing and Control
As outlined in section 2.2.3, this device integrates seamlessly into the Lake Processing environment, providing all
features, functionality and connectivity associated with all Lake Processors. The internal Lake Processing includes
programmable crossovers, EQ, dynamics and other functions, and can be fully controlled via the Lake Controller
software with a version number of 6.3 or later. Additionally, many functions can be controlled or accessed directly
via the front panel.
6.4. Modules and Frames
6.4.1. Overview
A Frame represents one physical Lake Processor device (e.g. PLM 12K44). A maximum of four Modules are
contained within each Frame; these are referred to as Module A, B, C and D. The number of Modules shown in a
Classic 1 Way (CL1-Way) Output Modules, providing a total of twelve Module outputs that can be routed to any of
the four power outputs.
Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further information.
6.4.2. LoadLibrary™ and Fingerprints
limiter. Additionally, LoadLibrary loudspeaker types may also include data relating to the electrical characteristics of
a particular loudspeaker.
on (LoadSmart) to be performed on the PLM+.
speaker type is loaded, its Fingerprint load
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31
6.5. Loudspeaker Processor Overview
The Lake Processing system within PLM+ Series devices may be congured with up to four processing Modules
containing a total of up to twelve processing Module outputs, that can be routed to any of the four power output
channels.
Each set of processing elements is referred to as a Module and can be congured as crossovers, full bandwidth
auxiliary outputs, or a combination of the two. The relationship between inputs and outputs is dened via the Lake
Controller or via the front panel Input Cong Menu.
The Lake Processing system provides two distinct categories of crossovers:
• Innite Impulse Response lters (IIR) such as the classic Bessel, Butterworth or Linkwitz-Riley types; these are
available with slopes ranging from 6 dB/octave to 48 dB/octave.
• Finite Impulse Response lters (FIR) providing zero phase shift with steep transition slopes at the crossover
frequencies. These are also referred to as Linear Phase Crossovers.
6.6. Files and Presets
The Lake system provides various methods for storing and recalling Module, Frame, or system-wide data. An
overview is provided below; for further information please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual.
6.6.1. Module, System and Sub-System Configuration Files
Module, System and Sub-System Conguration les are stored on the Lake Controller PC, and data is passed
across the network when recalling or storing these type of les.
• A Module le is the smallest set of data that can be stored and recalled; it contains crossover, gain, delay, and
limiter information for an individual loudspeaker (see Figure 6.1).
A Module le may be recalled into other Lake devices. It is not possible to store a Module File directly on
the hardware device.
• A System or Sub-System Conguration File contains a set of Module le information in addition to Frame
related information such Group data and I/O conguration (see Figure 6.1).
6.6.2. Frame and System Presets
The entire processor conguration can be stored as a Frame Preset on this hardware device. Presets can be
recalled via the front panel (refer to section 7.11.7) or via the Lake Controller software or Preset Manager utility;
presets can be stored using the Lake Controller software or Preset Manager utility.
A maximum of 100 Frame Presets can be stored on this device. The data within a Frame Preset includes the
congurations of all Modules in the Frame, including levels, crossover, EQ, input mixer, routing, and all other
parameters. As Frame Presets are stored in the hardware device, recall is available without using a PC.
Using the System Presets function in the Lake Controller, entire system congurations can be stored and recalled
across a network of LM, PLM and PLM+ Series devices. This enables fast retrieval and switching of entire system
congurations as minimal data is being sent between the Controller and Processors.
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7. Front Panel Interface
An overview of the front panel interface is provided in section 4.1. This chapter describes each cluster of controls
as shown in the diagram below.
3
1 2 4
5
6
7 8 9 12
11
10 2 1
7.1. Overview
The front panel interface is framed by two sturdy cast aluminium handles 1 and metal grill protecting the air intake
and dust lters 2 . The majority of PLM+ functions can be controlled and/or monitored via the frontpanel LCD
display screen 3 , power button 4 , function buttons
5 6 7
12
8 9
and rotary encoder 11 .
7.1.1. Operating Modes
The front panel has two basic modes: Meter Mode and Menu Mode.
• Meter Mode provides the following views: Home view, Amplier Meters view / LoadPilot view, Temperature
Meters view, Input Meters view and Module Meters view. To navigate through these views, press the METER
button or turn the rotary encoder button. Please refer to section 7.10 for further information on Meter Mode.
• Menu Mode provides various menus for viewing and editing parameters and is selected by pressing the MENU
button. Select the required submenu by pressing the associated button.
7.1.2. Warning, Fault and Mute Indications
Fault or warning conditions are indicated via the LEDs embedded in the dynamic function buttons; a simultaneous
description is shown adjacent to the button, on the LCD. The LEDs to the left of the LCD indicate problems with
the PLM+ or its inputs, while those to the right indicate problems with the power output channels.
Please note that the same LEDs also indicate the mute status of inputs (left) and outputs (right). Further information
on faults and warnings can be found in section 9.1.
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7.1.3. Selecting a Module in the Lake Controller software via the Front Panel
It is sometimes useful to identify which Module icon/s in the Lake Controller software are associated with a
particular hardware Frame. To highlight the module in the Lake Controller software:
1. Ensure Meter Mode is selected and in Module view.
2. Press the button adjacent to the Module description on the left LCD. The corresponding module will show
highlighted text on the Lake Controller screen.
If the Frame is online, but the Module is not in the work area, the selected Module will be centered on the Module
scroll bar (assuming the Modules Menu is selected in the Lake Controller).
7.2. Front Panel Key Lock
It is possible to lock the front panel buttons for security purposes. When this function is active, all front panel
controls (except power state) are disabled and all adjustment must be made via the network. To lock controls,
press and hold button A then simultaneously press button B as shown in Figure 7.2; repeat this process to
unlock.
2. Press
A
B
Figure 7.2: Locking / Unlocking Front Panel Controls
NOTE: A key icon will appear at the top of the display when the Front Panel is locked.
7.3. Power Button
The unit is powered on by pressing the top-left button on the front panel, labelled 4 in Figure 7.1. It has a
bi-color power symbol which illuminates red when connected to the AC mains and the unit is in standby mode.
It turns green when the button is pressed to turn the unit on. A subsequent press of this button returns the unit
to standby mode.
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7.4. Mute Enable Button
The dynamic function buttons to the immediate left and right of the LCD are used as MUTE buttons only when
the MUTE ENABLE button 5 is activated (ashing).
When MUTE ENABLE is activated the MUTE ENABLE button will ash and the four buttons on the left act
as Module or Input Router mute controls (depending on active view) and the four buttons on the right enable
muting/unmuting of the Amplier Channel (power outputs).
In Meter Mode > Home View with MUTE ENABLE activated, text on the LCD adjacent to each button indicates
when a Module input or Amplier Channel power output has been muted. Meter Mode must be selected for
MUTE ENABLE to be activated; MUTE ENABLE is not available in Menu Mode.
To exit MUTE ENABLE mode, press the ashing MUTE ENABLE button. If no mute activity occurs for two
minutes, MUTE ENABLE mode will automatically be disabled.
7.5. Meter Button
The front panel display has two main operating modes, Meter Mode (default) and Menu Mode. In normal
operation, the display will be in Meter Mode.
The following views are available in Meter Mode: Home View (default), Amplier View / LoadPilot View,
Temperature View, Input View and Module View. Pressing the METER 6 button scrolls through these views.
Pressing the METER button when in Menu Mode will return the system to Meter Mode, with the Home View
displayed.
7.6. Menu Button
Menu Mode is selected by pressing the MENU button 7 . The screen displays the top level menu with various
submenu options. Press the button adjacent to the required submenu to select it.
Pressing the MENU button while in Menu Mode will display the previous menu level.
Menu Mode is used for processor conguration, or for editing a parameter. Please refer to section 7.11 for
further details.
7.7. Exit Button
In Menu Mode, pressing the EXIT button 12 returns back one menu level. In Meter Mode, pressing EXIT returns
the display to the Home View.
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7.8. Dynamic Buttons, Controls and LEDs
Figure 7.3: LCD with Dynamic Buttons, Controls and LEDs
7.8.1. Communication LED A
This bright white LED signies selection in the Lake Controller, or Controller communication providing visual
conrmation of:
1. Network communication between the Lake Controller and the Lake Processor (Flashing LED).
2. Selection of the Lake Processor in the Lake Controller software (Steady LED).
NOTE: The Communication LED can be dimmed via the front panel by selecting Frame menu, and
then Front > Dimming. Dimming affects all LEDs as well as the backlight of the display.
7.8.2. Frame Faults and Warnings LED
B
All four LEDs on the left ash/off red to indicate a Frame fault and ash yellow/mute state to indicate a Frame
warning. Additional clarication of the current fault or warning is displayed in the bar of the LCD. All mute, fault and
warning states displayed on the front panel are summarized in section 9.1.
Additional faults and warnings are reported in the Event Log of the Lake Controller only. All faults and warnings
recorded in the Event Log are listed in section 9.1 along with scenarios that may have arisen to cause them.
B A
C
D
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7.8.3. Rotary Encoder
C
The rotary encoder is used to adjust parameters in conjunction with the selection made via the dynamic function
buttons and LCD menus. The ring around the rotary encoder illuminates when a selected parameter is available for
adjustment.
Turn the encoder clockwise to increase the selected parameter, or counter-clockwise to decrease the value.
Parameters with only two states (e.g. ON, OFF) are toggled by turning clockwise or counter-clockwise. Some
parameters enable simultaneous adjustment of a combination of input and output channels.
To select which channels are adjusted:
1. Press the associated soft button/s to select the parameter/s for editing. A selected parameter is indicated by
inverse text and background color.
2. Use the rotary encoder to change the value.
It is possible to select multiple parameters for simultaneous editing even if the values are different on each channel.
Turning the rotary encoder will adjust each parameter by the same increment. When in Meter Mode, the rotary
encoder allows the user to change between the available meter views.
NOTE: Some menus permit parameters to be adjusted across multiple channels simultaneously by
default.
7.8.4. Dynamic Function Buttons
D
The buttons surrounding the display are unlabeled because their functions change according to the currently
selected menu or display.
In Meter Mode with MUTE ENABLE activated, these dynamic function buttons are used to mute or unmute the
Module Inputs and power output channels.
In Menu Mode these buttons are used to navigate the menu structure. This is indicated by a thin line on the display
closest to the button used. During menu navigation, the color of the embedded LEDs continues to indicate the
mute status, clips, or faults and warnings relevant to the associated input or output channel on the PLM+.
NOTE: Each button contains a tricolor LED which conveys fault and warning indications in addition to
the mute status. The LED color does not necessarily correspond to the currently selected function.
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7.8.4.1. Mute Functions
The PLM+ provides mute functions at several different points in its audio chain. Please refer to section 6.1 for
further information. The four types of mute are:
1. PLM+ Input Router Mute
2. Module Input Mute
3. Module Output Mute
4. Power Output Mute
With the exception of Module output mutes, all types may be controlled from the PLM+ front panel in Meter Mode
by activating MUTE ENABLE and selecting the associated input or output Meter View using the METER button.
Module Ouput Mute is available in Menu mode Module > Mute.
NOTE: Module input and output mutes can be controlled in Menu Mode via the MENU button. All
mutes can also be controlled from the Lake Controller.
7.8.4.2. PLM+ Input Router Mute
The PLM+ Input Router mute provides the ability to simultaneously mute/unmute all modules or outputs that are
sourced from the PLM+ input. To mute or unmute the PLM+ inputs:
1. Press METER until the Input Meter View is displayed
2. Press MUTE ENABLE
3. Use the associated dynamic function buttons to mute / unmute the PLM+ input router to the left.
NOTE: The PLM+ Input Router Mute is within the Lake Processing system, post input type selection,
and pre input mixing and routing.
Please refer to the Lake Controller User Manual for details of mute selection via the software.
7.8.4.3. Module Input Mute
The Module input mute provides the ability to mute/unmute the audio signal at the module level. Therefore, the
PLM+ Input Router (described in section 7.8.4.2) remains unmuted and can be used by another module. To mute
or unmute a Module input:
1. Press METER until Home View is displayed
2. Press MUTE ENABLE
3. Use the associated dynamic function buttons to mute / unmute the Module inputs
Once the Module input is muted, the LED turns red and MOD. IN MUTE is displayed on the LCD. When unmuted,
the LED turns green (unless any other output warning conditions are active).
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NOTE: Fault condition LED indications take priority over mute status indications. If a fault condition
occurs, the LED will indicate the fault by ashing and will note the mute status. When a Frame fault is
active the audio on all channels is muted.
Module Input Mutes may also be controlled in Menu Mode.
Please refer to the Lake Controller User Manual for details of mute selection via the software.
7.8.4.4. Module Output Mute
Module Output Mute is part of the Lake Processing system, at the crossover outputs. It is post Module output EQ
and level adjustment, pre PLM+’s protection circuitry.
Muting of the Module outputs is available via MUTE ENABLE in Module Meters view, as the PLM+ power output
mutes are assigned in this mode (see section 7.8.4.5). However, Module output mute status and control are also
available in Menu Mode and may also be viewed and controlled from the Lake Controller software.
Please refer to section 7.11.2.7 for details of selecting Module Output Mute in Menu Mode.
Refer to the Lake Controller User Manual for details of mute selection via the software.
7.8.4.5. Power Channel Mute
The four dynamic function buttons to the right of the LCD control the Power Output Mutes of output channels 1-4.
These mutes are located within the PLM+’s power output stage.
When a PLM+ power output is muted, the LED turns red and the text AMP CH. MUTE is displayed on the LCD.
When unmuted, the LED turns green (unless any other output warning conditions are active).
NOTE: Fault condition LED indications take priority over mute status indications. If a fault condition
occurs, the LED will indicate the fault and not the mute status.
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39
7.8.5. LED Fault, Warning and Clip Indication B
D
A tricolor LED is embedded inside each of the eight dynamic function buttons. The LEDs convey a variety of status
indications including faults and warnings, signal clip indications, Module input mute, Module output mute and
Power Output mute. Table 7.4 summarizes the meaning of the LED indications.
Table 7.4: LED Fault and Warning Indications
NOTE: An unlit output LED indicates either the channel is not available for the model in use, or that the
power output channel is not routed to a Module output channel.
7.8.5.1. Clip Indication
The front panel LEDs also indicate input and output clip or pre-clip conditions that can occur within the PLM+.
Input Clip
Input clipping is monitored at two stages in the signal path:
• Analog Input Stage: If the input signal exceeds either +26 dBu, a clip indication is displayed.
• A warning is displayed at +24 dBu (i.e. 2 dB from Clip)
• Module Input Stage: If the signal level at this point exceeds +21 dBu, a clip indication is displayed.
Input clipping is indicated by the affected Module LED ashing red and INPUT CLIP displayed on the LCD. If a
subsequent input clip within 400 ms is detected, the LED remains lit for a longer period.
Output Clip
All output channels are monitored by a suite of protection circuits that include a Current Peak Limiter (CPL) and an
Inter-Sample Voltage Peak Limiter (ISVPL).
The ISVPL will indicate clip only when exceeding the amplier’s maximum output voltage. If the ISVPL is set so as
to limit the output below maximum voltage, then clip indication will not occur when reaching the ISVPL threshold.
Please refer to section 5.3 for further information.
If CPL protection is active, or a voltage clip occurs, then the associated Power Output Channel LED will ash red
and a text warning will be displayed on the screen.
LED Color Indication
Green Status Good / Unmuted
Yello w Warning
Red Fault / Muted
Flashing Red Clip
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7.8.5.2. Warning or Fault Indications
If certain parameters within the PLM+ approach or exceed preset limits, a warning condition or fault condition may
arise. One or more LEDs provide a visual indication of the problem, along with an on-screen description of the
condition displayed adjacent to the LED/s.
•
•
• A red LED indicates a fault, clip or mute
for further information the Event Log.
Please refer to Table 9.1 for a detailed description of faults and warnings.
7.9. Warning and Fault Indications
red LED.
Table 7.5: Warning Conditions (Yellow LED)
On Screen Warning Text Type LED No. Warning Event Log Text
ATL ACTIVE Frame 1 Amp Temp Limit N/A
CLOCK S LIPPIN G M odul e 1 AES Clock Slipping AES Clock S lip ping
TEMP WAR N:CH Channel 5-8 Amp Temp Warnin g Temp Warnin g: Amp Channe l
BEL ACTIVE Frame 1 BEL Active N/A
CTRL OFFLINE Frame 1
N/A
NAME CONF LICT Frame 1
OFFLINE - 1
LOAD NOT V ER Mod ule Chan nel
2+3
5-8
UNCER TAIN LOAD Channe l 5-8 Load Un cer tai n Unce rta in Abou t Load Type
MAINS GLI TCH Frame 1 PSU Ma ins Glit ch Glit ch on Ma ins Vol tag e Detec ted
PAL ACTIVE Frame 1 PSU Pow er Limit N/A
PTL ACTIVE Frame 1 PS U Temp Limit N/A
TEMP WAR N:PSU Frame 1 PS U Temp Warnin g Temp Warning: Pow er Suppl y Unit
SENSE FAULT Frame 1 Sense Faul t Frame War ning: Sense Fa ult
SPKR SHORTED Channel 5-8 Sp eaker / C able S hor ted Sp eaker / Cabl e Shor ted
OVER SP KR CNT Channe l 5-8 Spea ker Ove r Coun t Over Spea ker Cou nt
UNDER SPK R CNT Channel 5-8 Spea ker Un der Co unt U nder S
peake r Coun t
SPKR DAMAG ED Channel 5-8 Sp eaker D amag ed Spea ker Com ponent Dam aged
SPKSA FE INACT Channel 5-8 Speake rSa fe Not Star ted S peake rSa fe Not S tar ted
LM PREC. LOW Chan nel 5-8 SpeakerS afe Pr ecisio n Low S peake r Prec ision Lo w
UVL ACTIVE Frame 1 Un der Vol tage L imit N/A
VHF WARNING Channe l 5-8 Gain reduction activated VHF Warning
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Table 7.6: Fault Conditions (Red LED)
On Screen Warning Text Type LED No. Warning Event Log Text
AMP CH. MUTE Channel 5-8 Fault/Clip Mute Amp Channel Mute
TEMP FLT:CH Channel 5-8 Amp Temp Fault Temp Fault: A mp Channel
CHECK AC MAINS Frame 1 Check AC Mains Frame Fault: Check AC Mains
CAL ACTIVE Channel 5-8 Current Average Limiter N/A
CURRENT CLIP Channel 5-8 Current Protection Limiter N/A
TEMP FLT:DSP Frame 1 DSP Area Temp Fault Temp Fault: DSP Area
INPUT MUTE Inp.Mix 2+3 Input Channel Mute Input Mute
AUDIO FAULT Frame 1 Internal Audio I nterface Fault Fr ame Fault: Audio Inter face
MOD. IN MUTE Module 2+3 Module Input Mute Module In put Mute
MOD. CLIP Module 2+3 Module Output Clip N/A
MOD. OUT MUTE Channel 5-8 Module Output Mute Module Output Mute
NO INPUT Module 2+3 No Input Source Available No In put Source
NO LOAD Channel 5-8 No Load Detected at Outpu t Chann el Fault: No Load Detected
INPUT CLIP Module 2+3 Physical In put Clip N/A
SERVICE CH. Channel 5-8 Power Channe l Failure Channel Fault: Unit Needs Service
TEMP FLT:PSU Frame 1 PSU Area Temp Fault Temp Fault: Power Supply Unit
MAINS > 400 VPK Frame 1 PSU Mains Over Voltage Peak Fr ame Fault: PSU Mains > 40 0 VPK
MAINS > 270 V Frame 1 PSU Mains Over Voltage RMS Frame Fault: PSU Mains > 270 V
MAINS < 65 V Frame 1 PSU Mains Under Voltag e Frame Fault: PSU Mains < 65 V
NEEDS SERVICE: 1 Frame 1 PSU Needs Service 1 Frame Fault: Needs Ser vic e: 1
NEEDS SERVICE: 2 Frame 1 PSU Needs Service: 2 Frame Fault: Needs Service: 2
NEEDS SERVICE: 3 Frame 1 PSU Needs Service 3 Frame Fault: Needs Ser vic e: 3
NEEDS SERVICE: 4 Frame 1 PSU Needs Service: 4 Frame Fault: Needs Service: 4
NEEDS SERVICE: 5 Frame 1 PSU Needs Service 5 Frame Fault: Needs Ser vic e: 5
NEEDS SERVICE: 6 Frame 1 PSU Needs Service: 6 Frame Fault: Needs Service: 6
NEEDS SERVICE: 7 Frame 1 PSU Needs Service 7 Frame Fault: Needs Ser vic e: 7
NEEDS SERVICE: 8 Frame 1 PSU Needs Service: 8 Frame Fault: Needs Service: 8
PSU POWER PROT Frame 1 PSU Rail Protect Frame Fault: PSU Power Protect
SHORT CIRCUIT Channel 5-8 Shor t Circuit Protection Channel Fault: Short Circuit Protection
VHF FAULT Channel 5-8 VHF Protection Chann el Fault: Ver y High Frequency
VOLTAGE CLIP Channel 5-8 Voltage Peak Limiter N/A
WRONG LOAD Channel 5-8 Wrong Type of Speaker Load Type / Routing Mismatch
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7.10. Meter Mode
7.10.1. Home View
The default view when powering on the device is Meter Mode > Home View as shown in Figure 7.7.
Figure 7.7: Meter Mode > Home View
Home View provides a summary of Module I/O gain level and limiter gain reduction, along with frame, module and
channel labeling information. The example in Figure 7.7 shows a mono 2-way, with Module A feeding power output
channels 1 & 2, and Module B congured as CL1-way feeding a subwoofer on power output channel 3.
Module C is congured for driving a full-range loudspeaker on power output 4. Module D is unused in this
example.
1
Module A label, input gain meter, faults, warnings, clips & mutes.
2
Module B label, input gain meter, faults, warnings, clips & mutes.
3
Module A label, input gain meter, faults, warnings, clips & mutes.
4
Module D label, input gain meter, faults, warnings, clips & mutes.
5
Module output label for Power channel 1, gain & sum of Lake MAX-Peak, MAX-RMS and ISVPL gain reduction
faults, warnings, clips & mutes.
6
Module output label for Power channel 2, gain & sum of Lake MAX-Peak, MAX-RMS and ISVPL gain reduction
faults, warnings, clips & mutes.
7
Module output label for Power channel 3, gain & sum of Lake MAX-Peak, MAX-RMS and ISVPL gain reduction
faults, warnings, clips & mutes.
8
Module output label for Power channel 4, gain & sum of Lake MAX-Peak, MAX-RMS and ISVPL gain reduction
faults, warnings, clips & mutes.
9
Menu Bar: Current View title & Frame label, Frame faults and warnings. The menu bar is located by default at
the top of the display, but can be congured in the front panel menu for placement at the bottom. The following
indications, as active or applicable, also are shown on the menu bar.
Ω - AES3 Input Terminated (no icon = Unterminated)
- Analog Inputs Iso-Float Grounded (no icon = Floating)
- Dante Clock Master (no icon = Dante Slave or Dante Disabled)
- Dante Slave Only (no icon = device may be used as Dante Clock Master)
REDUNDANT - Dual Redundancy networking enabled. (No icon = congured for switch mode)
Please refer to Table 7.5 and Table 7.6 for full details on the faults and warnings that could be displayed in any of
the above locations.
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Note: Output limiter (gain reduction) meters take into account the sum of PLM+ ISVPL and Lake
LimiterMax.
10
l to which each module output is routed. When
mode or Bridge Mode, as shown in Figure 7.8 For further information on Bridge Mode, please refer to section
8.1.1.
Figure 7.8: Standard and Bridge Mode Front Panel Icons (only for PLM 12K44 and PLM 20K44)
Bridge Mode is visible via this icon notation on the PLM+ Front Panel in Home View, however, the Lake Controller
information.
7.10.2. Amplifier Meters View
shown in Figure 7.9.
1
Output 1: V - Voltage Meter I - Current Meter P - Power Meter L - Gain Reduction Meter
2
Output 2: V - Voltage Meter I - Current Meter P - Power Meter L - Gain Reduction Meter
3
Output 3: V - Voltage Meter I - Current Meter P - Power Meter L - Gain Reduction Meter
4
Output 4: V - Voltage Meter I - Current Meter P - Power Meter L - Gain Reduction Meter
5
LoadPilot Status: 1. High Freq Pilot tone Enabled/Disabled, 2. Low Freq Pilot tone Enabled/Disabled, Status
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LoadPilot Status: 1. High Freq Pilot tone Enabled/Disabled, 2. Low Freq Pilot tone Enabled/Disabled, Status
7
LoadPilot Status: 1. High Freq Pilot tone Enabled/Disabled, 2. Low Freq Pilot tone Enabled/Disabled, Status
8
LoadPilot Status: 1. High Freq Pilot tone Enabled/Disabled, 2. Low Freq Pilot tone Enabled/Disabled, Status
9
Current View title & Frame label, Frame faults and warnings
• The Voltage Meter (V) indicates the power output stage voltage relative to its clip level
• The Current Meter (I) indicates the current the power output stage is driving into its load, relative to the
maximum permissible current the xed CPL allows
• The Power Meter (P) indicates the instantaneous output power being developed in the load relative to the
PLM+s maximum output power capability.
• The Gain Reduction Meter (L) indicates the degree of limiting being applied by the PLM+ ISVPL and/or the Lake
LimiterMax.
7.10.3. Temperature View
Temperature View provides information about the current operating temperatures within the PLM+. Selected fuse
type, as well as Mains Voltage and Current draw.
Figure 7.10: Meter Mode > Temperature View
1
Current View title. Power supply temp (PSU) & Lake processor temp (DSP) as percentage of maximum
2
Unused in Temperature View
3
Unused in Temperature View
4
Breaker Emulation Limiter; selected Fuse type - Mains Voltage - Mains Current Draw
5
Output 1: AMP - Temp of power output as percentage of maximum
6
Output 2: AMP - Temp of power output as percentage of maximum
7
Output 3: AMP - Temp of power output as percentage of maximum
8
Output 4: AMP - Temp of power output as percentage of maximum
9
Current View title & Frame label, Frame faults and warnings
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7.10.4. Input Meters View
Input View enables inspection of the source selected to each input router; input signal level before the input mixer
(i.e. prior to the Home View Module input meters); Module Input Mixer Routing; as well as Input Connection status.
Figure 7.11: Meter Mode > Input Meters View
1
Input Router 1: Selected input type, input gain level (relative to clip), router fault/warning/clip
2
Input Router 2: Selected input type, input gain level (relative to clip), router fault/warning/clip
3
Input Router 3: Selected input type, input gain level (relative to clip), router fault/warning/clip
4
Input Router 4: Selected input type, input gain level (relative to clip), router fault/warning/clip
5
Module A Input Mixer, Module A input level meter, Input 1 Connection Status
6
Module B Input Mixer, Module A input level meter, Input 1 Connection Status
7
Module C Input Mixer, Module A input level meter, Input 1 Connection Status
8
Module D Input Mixer, Module A input level meter, Input 1 Connection Status
9
Current View title & Frame label, Frame faults and warnings
7.10.5. Module Meters View
Module View provides further signal level information in the form of additional power output meters as
shown in Figure 7.12.
Figure 7.12: Meter Mode > Module Meters View
1
Module A label and input gain meter
2
Module B label and input gain meter
3
Module C label and input gain meter
4
Module D label and input gain meter
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Output 1: Output Label - Output Gain Meter - Lx: Sum of Lake MAX-Peak and MAX-RMS gain reduction
6
Output 2: Output Label - Output Gain Meter - Lx: Sum of Lake MAX-Peak and MAX-RMS gain reduction
7
Output 3: Output Label - Output Gain Meter - Lx: Sum of Lake MAX-Peak and MAX-RMS gain reduction
8
Output 4: Output Label - Output Gain Meter - Lx: Sum of Lake MAX-Peak and MAX-RMS gain reduction
9
Current View title & Frame label, Frame faults and warnings
7.11. Menu Mode
7.11.1. Overview
The majority of functions can be accessed via Menu Mode on the front panel. These functions include the
adjustment of gain, delay, limiters, input and output routing, and the ability to recall Frame Presets. Menu Mode can
be accessed at any time by pressing the MENU button.
After pressing the MENU button, various submenu options are displayed as shown in the gure below.
Figure 7.13: Menu Mode > Main Menu
Press the illuminated button adjacent to the required option to display an associated submenu. When parameter
level is reached, individual parameters may be selected for adjustment by pressing the adjacent button. The
selected parameter value/s are highlighted, and are adjustable using the rotary encoder.
A parameter may be adjusted simultaneously across multiple channels by selecting all values to be adjusted;
any current value offsets are retained. Some parameters default to multiple selections, with all inputs or outputs
adjusted simultaneously. Changes are effected in real-time and are stored without further conrmation. Pressing
EXIT returns to the previous menu level, automatically retaining any parameter changes.
Note: All parameters are also editable via the Lake Controller unless specied otherwise.
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7.11.1.1. Parameters with Individual Values and Group Totals
The following parameters display two values:
• MODULE > GAIN
• MODULE > DELAY
• MODULE > LIMITERS > MAXRMS LEVEL
• MODULE > LIMITERS > MAXPEAK LEVEL
The Module parameter can be adjusted using the rotary encoder. The Group total (shown in brackets) is only
adjustable using the Groups function in the Lake Controller.
The Group total is the sum of the individual Module value plus any values for this parameter on all Groups to which
the Module is assigned. Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further information on Groups.
7.11.1.2. Menu Structure Overview
From the Main Menu, the following submenus are available, as shown in Figure 7.13 and described in the following
sections.
• MODULE (See section 7.11.2)
• Input Mixer
• Gain
• Delay
• Polarity
• Amp Gain
• Limiters
• Mute
• INPUT/OUTPUT CONFIGURATION (See section 7.11.3)
• Input Router 1 - 4
• AES Termination
• Iso-Float
• Output Router
• ATTENUATION (See section 7.11.4)
• FRAME (See section 7.11.5)
• Frame Information
• Frame Reset
• BEL Conguration
• Network
• Latency Match
• Front Panel
• FRAME PRESETS (See section 7.11.7)
• Preset Recall
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• LOAD MONITOR (See section 7.11.8)
• Congure No. of Cabinets in Parallel
• LoadSmart Verication
• Estimated No. of Cabinets
7.11.2. Module Submenu
Only module output channels for routed Power channels are displayed. This applies to all module output
congurations described below.
MENU > MODULE
After selecting the Module Menu, the screen shown in Figure 7.14 is displayed. Press the illuminated button
adjacent to the required option to view or edit the associated parameters.
Figure 7.14: Module Submenu
7.11.2.1. Input Mixer
MENU > MODULE > INPUT MIXER
Press the illuminated button next to Input Mixers A – D. Selected mixer will show four Routers (1-4) adjacent to
the right-hand buttons. Use buttons to select Router(s) and use the rotary encoder to change level values within
dened limits to congure the mixer. Multiple Routers may be selected simultaneously.
Figure 7.15: Input Mixer
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7.11.2.2. Gain
MENU > MODULE > GAIN
Figure 7.16: Module Gain Edit Screen
Press the illuminated button next to the module input/s and/or output/s for adjustment, and use the rotary encoder
to change the value(s). Multiple gain values may be adjusted simultaneously in 0.1 dB increments, subject to
dened level limits.
7.11.2.3 Delay
MENU > MODULE > DELAY
Press the illuminated button next to the input/s and/or output/s for adjustment, and use the rotary encoder to
change the value/s. Multiple delay values may be adjusted simultaneously in 0.1 ms increments, subject to dened
level limits.
The audio signal may be delayed (typically for reasons of driver or delay subsystem alignment) at either the Module
inputs or on individual outputs. Delay added at the inputs affects all outputs equally, and will be generally be
introduced to time-align arrays of loudspeakers at different locations. Delaying individual outputs may be desirable
to time-align drivers in the same cabinet or array.
7.11.2.4. Phase (Polarity)
MENU > MODULE > PHASE
Press the illuminated button next to the input/s and/or output/s to be adjusted, and use the rotary encoder to
change the value/s. Phase may be changed on one input or output at a time.
Audio phase reversal is available at the inputs to Modules A - D, and also individually on the four output channels.
The LCD displays ‘Positive’ for normal operation and ‘Negative’ when the phase is inverted.
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7.11.2.5. Amp Gain
MENU > MODULE > AMP GAIN
By default, all outputs are selected; use the rotary encoder to change the gain of all power outputs or press the
associated output button to deselect one or more outputs.
Amp Gain adjusts the gain of the PLM+’s power output stage for each output channel. The default setting is
35 dB, variable in 0.1 dB increments from 22 dB to 44 dB. Care should be taken in altering Amp Gain, which
should be adjusted in conjunction with the Gain controls and limiter thresholds.
7.11.2.6. Limiters
MENU > MODULE > LIMITERS
Various parameters of the PLM+’s Inter-Sample Voltage Peak Limiter (ISVPL) and the Lake LimiterMax can be
adjusted via this submenu. By default, simultaneous adjustment of most limiter parameters across all output
channels is selected, although channels may be adjusted individually if required. Attack and Release times must be
adjusted individually per module DSP channel.
Inter-Sample Voltage Peak Limiter Threshold (ISVPL Threshold)
The ISVPL prevents the voltage of the PLM+ outputs from exceeding a pre-determined value. The ISVPL Threshold
can be adjusted between 17.8 V to 600 V, which represents the instantaneous peak voltage, not the RMS value of
the output signal. The actual value is displayed in brackets and can be limited by the maximum voltage a particular
PLM+ Series model can produce and/or by the RPM Power allocation algorithm. In the ISVPL menu, the default
voltage is displayed. To see the Amplifier Maximum with RPM, please refer to the technical data sheet. If the voltage
shown is above the default voltage, then RPM is enabled on that channel.
ISVPL Limiter and Voltage Clip feedback to either minimize distortion or maximize SPL as described below.
1. Universal – Inter Sample, Optimized for low distortion, usable for all frequencies
2. Sub/LF – Inter Sample, Optimized for higher SPL below 600 Hz, usable for all frequencies
3. Sub – Optimized for high SPL, 20 - 200 Hz
4. LF – Optimized for high SPL, 20 - 1200 Hz
5. MF – Optimized for high SPL, 300 - 6000 Hz
6. HF – Optimized for high SPL, > 1 kHz
MaxPeak Level (MaxPeakLvl)
This sets the maximum peak signal level at the Module outputs. It is adjustable from -30 dBu to +30 dBu in 0.1 dB
increments, subject to user
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MaxRMS Level (MaxRMSLvl)
This sets the maximum RMS signal level at the Module outputs. It is adjustable from -30 dBu to +30 dBu in 0.1 dB
increments, subject to user-dened level limits. The Group total is displayed (in brackets) for each channel.
MaxRMS Corner (MaxRMSCor)
A soft-knee or hard-knee corner may be applied to the RMS Limiter. A soft-knee corner gently increases limiting as
the signal approaches the threshold; a hard-knee corner applies full limiting to any signal exceeding the threshold
by any amount, but none to signals below the threshold.
The Corner parameter is adjustable in 0.1 dB increments, subject to dened level limits. This gure represents the
level below the limiter threshold at which compression commences; the larger this negative value, the softer the
knee. A setting of 0 dB implies a hard-knee characteristic.
Note: LimiterMax provides peak and RMS limiting features, referred to as MaxPeak and MaxRMS
respectively. Full details regarding LimiterMax can be found in the Lake Controller Operation Manual.
MaxRMS Attack
The attack time may be set for the RMS Limiter. Limiter release values are set separately for each of the four
outputs in 0.10 ms increments.
MaxRMS Release
The release time may be set for the RMS Limiter. Limiter release values are set separately for each of the four
outputs in 0.10 ms increments.
7.11.2.7. Mutes
MENU > MODULE > MUTES
In Meter Mode, Module inputs and PLM+ power output channels can be muted using the MUTE ENABLE
function. The MUTE menu also provides mute status and control of the Module input mutes, but instead of the
PLM+ power output channel mutes, it provides the ability to mute the Lake Module outputs.
Press the associated dynamic function button/s to select the Module input/s and/or Module output/s to be
adjusted. Use the rotary encoder to toggle between the MUTED and UNMUTED states.
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7.11.3. I/O Configuration
MENU > I/O CONFIG
Figure 7.17: I/O Conguration Sub Menu
This menu provides conguration options for input routing, along with settings for AES Termination and Iso-Float as
described in the following sections.
7.11.3.1. Input Router Configuration
MENU > I/O CONFIG > ROUTER
Figure 7.18: Input Router 1
The signal ow diagrams in section 6 highlight that there are four Input Routers available on PLM+ Series devices.
The input that is selected within the router can be used by the Input Mixer for any of the modules.
Each router has four priority levels allowing any input to be placed in a sequence providing automatic input signal
fail over. Dante and AES3 inputs have priority over analog inputs.
Note: Only one analog input is allowed in each router, and the analog input must be at the lowest
priority level in relation to any other inputs.
Two modes of input selection are available, Auto Select and Forced Selection. The selected setting is also visible
from the I/O STATUS screen on the front panel, and via the Lake Controller.
In Auto Select mode, Priority 1 is checked for a valid input signal; if no signal is found, Priority 2 is checked, and so
on until a valid signal is located; this process occurs if the currently selected input fails. In Forced Selection mode,
one of the four priorities is xed regardless of whether a valid signal is present.
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With a router selected on the front panel, press the middle button on the left of the LCD to activate this parameter
for editing. Use the illuminated rotary encoder to scroll through the following options:
• Auto Select (default)
• Force Priority 1
• Force Priority 2
• Force Priority 3
• Force Priority 4
Assignment of Input Priority
Factory default settings assign Dante 1-4 to Priority 1, Dante 5-8 to Priority 2, AES3 1-4 to Priority 3 and Analog
1-4 to Priority 4. For example, for Input Router 1 Dante 1 on Prio1, Dante 5 on Prio2, AES3 ch1 on Prio 3 and
Analog 1 on Prio 4
To change these settings via the front panel, select Priority slot number to be changed and use the rotary encoder
to scroll through the available options. Due to the signal hierarchy it is not possible to assign an analog source to a
higher priority than a digital source.
Analog Input Sensitivity and Digital Gain Offset
Press a dynamic function to the right of the LCD to toggle the selection of input source and input sensitivity/digital
gain offset then use the rotary encoder to change the parameter.
The maximum input level accepted by the analog input pre-ampliers without clipping is 26 dBu. Digital gain offset may
be applied to Dante or AES3 digital input signals in 0.1 dB increments from -100 dB to +15 dB.
7.11.3.2. AES3 Input Termination
MENU > I/O CONFIG > AES TERM
Figure 7.19: AES Termination
To adjust the AES3 Input Termination, select AES TERM from the Input Cong menu then use the rotary encoder
to toggle the value. An icon is displayed in the bottom left of the display in Meter Mode when AES is set to
‘Terminated’.
For fault-free operation when using AES3 digital audio as an input source, inputs must be correctly terminated
with the characteristic impedance of 110 ohm. The Input Termination setting is determined by the method used to
distribute the AES3 signals.
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The PLM+ device at the end of a distribution line should be set to TERMINATED; all other PLM+ devices should be
set to UNTERMINATED. If an AES3 distribution amplier (DA) is being used to distribute the digital audio signals,
with one DA output per processor, then all terminations should be on. However, if the AES3 is daisy-chained, only
terminate the last PLM+ device in the chain.
7.11.3.3. Iso-Float
MENU > I/O CONFIG > ISO-FLOAT
Figure 7.20: Iso-Float
To change the Iso-Float setting, adjust the value using the rotary encoder. The current settings are also displayed
on the front panel I/O STATUS screen.
The analog inputs utilize Iso-Float transformerless electronic balancing circuitry. This provides electrical isolation
from an analog source comparable to that achieved with transformer-based designs. However, pin 1 of the XLR
input connector may be connected to ground within the device if desired. This option is selected by using the
rotary encoder to toggle between FLOATING and GROUNDED.
It may be necessary to change this setting to resolve ground loop problems when using analog inputs.
7.11.3.4. Output Router
MENU > I/O CONFIG > OUTPUT RTR
With PLM+ Series, Module output routing to Power outputs as well as AES or Analog to Dante output routing is
accessible through the Front panel interface.
Figure 7.21: Output Router
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1
Toggle the Source from which you want to route the channels (Module, Analog, AES) (NOTE: that this also may
affect the destination, as only AES3 and analog can be routed to Dante.
2
Toggle up among the available source channels
3
Toggle down among the available source channels
4
Unused
5
Unused
6
Toggle left among the available outputs
7
Toggle right among the available outputs
8
Disconnect all assignments
9
Turn Right to Route / Turn Left to Un-route
Use the arrows visible on the display (2-3, 6-7) to toggle between available sources and outputs. Use the rotary
encoder to select the output you want to connect to (power outputs or Dante). Selected output is marked with an
“X” when routed and “O” when not routed.
Selecting 8 brings up a warning screen.
7.11.4. Attenuation Submenu
MENU > ATTENUATION
The default setting of 0.00 dB (i.e. no attenuation) is adjustable in 0.25 dB increments down to -100 dB.
Adjustment of attenuation at the input to the PLM+ power stage is available on a per-channel basis. This
adjustment is the PLM+ equivalent of a conventional amplier level control. The power output channels may be
turned down using these parameters before powering on or off. Please refer to the signal ow diagram in
Figure 6.2.
By default, all channels are deselected. Press the SEL ALL button to select/deselect all channel, or, press a single
button on the right to adjust a channel individually.
Note: Only ONE channel or ALL channels may be adjusted. It is not possible to adjust only two or three
channels.
7.11.5. Frame Submenu
MENU > FRAME
The Frame Menu provides information and options relating to the device PLM+ as a physical unit. It is referred to
as a Frame for consistency with Lake Controller terminology.
The Frame Label as dened in the Lake Controller is displayed in this menu. It is also displayed at the top-left of the
screen in Meter Mode, Home View.
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7.11.5.1. Frame Info
MENU > FRAME > FRAME INFO
Firmware Version (FW Version)
Further internal version numbers are displayed on right side of screen; Bundle, DSP, FPGA and Safe Image version.
Serial Number (Serial No.)
The printed serial number on the back panel of the PLM+ is also electronically embedded in the hardware, and
therefore cannot be removed or altered if stolen.
Default Output Voltage (DefOutVolt)
Displays the default output voltage per channel that can exist across the PLM+’s output terminals. This is the
absolute maximum, only the voltage defined by the ISVPL setting. The voltage can go higher with RPM;
see the technical data sheet for actual maximum voltage.
Note: When Bridge Mode is activated, double the channel output voltage is available.
Max Output Current (MaxOutCurr)
Displays the maximum output current that can be delivered by the PLM+, summed across all output channels.
7.11.5.2. Frame Reset and Configuration
MENU > FRAME > RESET
Use this option to display a further menu with options to reset all parameters back to their original factory default
values. See section 9.3 for a full list of the default factory reset parameter values. Two types of reset are provided:
Factory Reset and Soft Reset.
Factory Reset
the deletion of any Frame Presets stored within the device. It also resets the IP Address and all network related
settings including the Dual Redundancy setting; a hard power cycle is required to complete this reset.
Soft Reset
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7.11.5.3. Breaker Emulation Limiter
MENU > FRAME > BEL CONF
The Breaker Emulation Limiter (BEL) provides Ampere selection (5-32 A) and breaker type selection
(CONSERVATIVE, FAST and UNIVERSAL). Select by pressing the adjacent button then use the rotary encoder to
change the parameter.
7.11.5.4. Network
MENU > FRAME > NETWORK
parameters (except Redundancy) are view-only on the front panel and are either not editable, or can only be
adjusted via the Lake Controller.
and whether the Lake Controller is online.
• IP Addr: Displays the Internet Protocol address for the selected unit and can only be changed via the Lake
Controller software. Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further details.
• MAC: Displays the unique Media Access Control Ethernet address for the processor. This value cannot be
changed.
•
• Primary and Secondary network connection status as well as Lake Controller connection status
• Mask: Displays the IP address subnet mask for the selected unit and can only be changed via the Lake
Controller software. Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further details.
• ro Conf, Auto - DHCP or Fixed IP)
• Redundancy: Displays the dual redundancy status for the Frame (ON/OFF) This mode can be changed by
een. Changing redundancy mode
requires a power cycle to activate.
7.11.5.5. Latency Match
To turn Latency Match on or off, select the parameter using the adjacent button then change the status using the
rotary encoder.
By default, PLM+ products exhibit the exact same input-to-output latency as the PLM and D Series products.
However, the PLM+, PLM and D Series products have a greater latency compared to the Lake processors of LM
Series. By enabling the Latency Match feature, the LM Series will add delay to match overall processing delay of
the PLM, PLM+, and D Series. This regards Analog and AES only. Dante is not part of Latency match.
Exception: Latency match will not function correctly when running 48k based AES input using the primary clock
domain.
The maximum RMS input current varies, and therefore a desired value is configured and the actual
value is displayed within brackets.
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7.11.6. Front Panel Display Controls
MENU > FRAME > FRONT
Contrast
To adjust the front panel LCD contrast, select this option then use the rotary encoder to change the value.
Dimming
To adjust the front panel LCD & LED brightness, select this option then use the rotary encoder to change the value.
Channel Order
To adjust the order in which both inputs and outputs are displayed on the front panel in all views, select this option
then use the rotary encoder to change the value between TOP-DOWN (default) and BOTTOM-UP.
7.11.7. Frame Preset Menu
MENU > FRAME PRST
To recall an existing Frame Preset, use the rotary encoder to select the required Preset then press the RECALL
button to overwrite the current conguration.
Note: Frame Presets must initially be created in the Lake Controller, and stored as a Preset using the
Lake Controller or the PLM+ Series Preset Manager.
Up to 100 Frame Presets can be stored in the device. The data within a Frame Preset includes the conguration
of all Modules in the Frame including levels, crossovers, EQ, input mixer, and output routing. (Note that Network
settings and the Dual Redundancy setting are not part of Frame Presets.)
As Frame Presets are stored within the device, complete processor congurations can be recalled without
connecting the device to a PC.
7.11.8. Load Monitor Menu (LoadSmart)
MENU > LOAD MON
Figure 7.22: LoadSmart Verication Results Screen
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7.11.8.1. Configure # of Cabinets in Parallel
This option allows selection of the number of speaker cabinets connected to each PLM+ output channel. Select
individual or multiple outputs and use the rotary encoder to set the value from 1 to 4. This value is used by
LoadSmart to conrm the correct connection and status of the speakers connected to each PLM+ channel.
7.11.8.2. LoadSmart Verification
Select this option to initiate LoadSmart verication, then select YES to continue. LoadSmart performs a rapid test
of all output channels, and displays the results on the LCD a few seconds later.
Figure 7.23: LoadSmart Verication Results Screen
The Load Results page provides three items of information per output channel:
• Conrmation that the speaker connected matches the speaker ngerprint assigned to the channel. If no
Fingerprint is assigned, NO MODEL will be displayed. If the wrong speaker is connected; “Wrong Speaker”
will be displayed
• Result of speaker cabinet count; this will either be OK or WRONG.
• Estimated number of speakers connected to the channel.
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8. Back Panel Interface
An overview of the back panel interface is provided in section 4.2. This chapter describes each cluster of
connections as shown in Figure 8.1.
INPUT 1 INPUT 2 INPUT 3
AES/EBU
INPUT 1-2 INPUT 3-4
SECPRIM
Must be grounded/earthed
Made in Sweden
PIN 1: SCRN 2: POS 3: NEG
ANALOG WITH ISO-FLOAT
TM
50-60Hz
100-240V 2400-2950W
Ser. N:o
Removed!
CH 2
CH 1
CH 4
CH 3
SPEAKER OUTPUTS
CLASS 3 WIRING
BRIDGE
BRIDGE
INPUT 4
SWITCHED 00/ 000 Base-TX1 1
1Gbps 1Gbps
LINK
ACT
LINK
ACT
PLM 2K44
1
1+/- CH 1+/2+/- CH 2+/-
1+/- CH 1+/2+/- CH 2+/-
3+/- CH 3+/4+/- CH 4+/-
1+/- CH 3+/2+/- CH 4+/-
CLASS 3
WIRING
BRIDGE CH 1 & 2:
1+:+
2- : -
BRIDGE CH 3 & 4: 1+ : +, 2- : -
SPEAKER OUTPUTS
INPUT 1 INPUT 2 INPUT 3
AES/EBU
INPUT 1-2 INPUT 3-4
SECPRIM
Must be grounded/earthed
Made in Sweden
PIN 1: SCRN 2: POS 3: NEG
ANALOG WITH ISO- FLOAT
TM
50-60Hz
100-240V 2400-2950W
INPUT 4
SWITCHED 00/ 000 Base-TX1 1
1Gbps 1Gbps
LINK
ACT
LINK
ACT
PLM 2K44
1
Figure 8.1: Back Panel Interface
8.1. Speaker Outputs
The PLM+ is available with either 4 mm binding posts or Neutrik speakON connectors for the outputs.
The outputs of the PLM+ can produce a high voltage. Do not connect or disconnect loudspeaker/s while the
PLM+ is powered on. Never operate the PLM+ with any portion of bare loudspeaker wire exposed.
For speakON connector versions, do not use mating plugs without the rear covers in place.
8.1.1. Bridge Mode
NOTE: When Bridge Mode is activated, CLASS 3 wiring is required.
Power outputs may be bridged on PLM 12K44 and 20K44 models by following the configuration instruction in the
Lake Controller Operation Manual (I/O CONFIG > OUTPUT CONFIGURATION) and the wiring instructions in this chapter.
Bridge Mode can only be activated/deactivated using the Lake Controller software.
INPUT 1 INPUT 2 INPUT 3
PIN 1: SCRN 2: POS 3: NEG
ANALOG WITH ISO-FLOAT
TM
INPUT 4
Ser. N:o
Removed!
AES/EBU
SWITCHED 00/ 000 Base-TX1 1
INPUT 1-2 INPUT 3-4
SECPRIM
1Gbps 1Gbps
LINK
ACT
LINK
ACT
PLM 5K44
CH 2CH 1
SPEAKER OUTPUTS
CH 2CH 1
1+/- CH 1+/2+/- CH 2+/-
1+/- CH 2+/-
CH 4CH 3
CH 4CH 3
CLASS 2
WIRING
1+/- CH 3+/2+/- CH 4+/-
1+/- CH 4+/-
Must be
grounded/
earthed
50-60Hz
100-240V
2400-2950W
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8.1.2. speakON Connectors
Power outputs are available simultaneously on a single 8-pole connector (PLM 20K44 and PLM 12K44 only)
and on two 4-pole connectors. The four-pole connectors carry outputs for channels 1&2 and 3&4 respectively.
For PLM 5K44, connector 1 carries output channels 1 and 2, connector 2 carries channel 2, connector 3 carries
channel 3 and 4, and connector 4 carries channel 4.
1+/- CH 1+/2+/- CH 2+/-
1+/- CH 1+/2+/- CH 2+/-
3+/- CH 3+/4+/- CH 4+/-
1+/- CH 3+/2+/- CH 4+/-
CLASS 3
WIRING
BRIDGE CH 1 & 2:
1+:+
2- : -
BRIDGE CH 3 & 4: 1+ : +, 2- : -
SPEAKER OUTPUTS
Figure 8.2: speakON Connections
NL4
PLM+ Output
Channels 1 & 2
NL4
PLM+ Output
Channels 2 & 1
BRIDGE MODE
NL4
PLM+ Output
Channels 1 & 2
1
1
1
2
2
Figure 8.3: speakON wiring and pinouts (Bridge Mode)
3+
2-
4+
2+
1-
1+
4-
3-
1+
1-
2+
2-
3+
3-
4+
4-
NL4
PLM+ Output
Channels 1 & 2
NL4
PLM+ Output
Channels 3 & 4
NL8
PLM+ Output
Channels 1 - 4
CH 2CH 1
SPEAKER OUTPUTS
CH 2CH 1
1+/- CH 1+/2+/- CH 2+/-
1+/- CH 2+/-
CH 4CH 3
CH 4CH 3
CLASS 2
WIRING
1+/- CH 3+/2+/- CH 4+/-
1+/- CH 4+/-
Must be
grounded/
earthed
100-240V
2400-2950W
PLM 12K44 and PLM 20K44 PLM 5K44
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3+
2-
4+
2+
1-
1+
4-
3-
1+
2 -
3+
4 -
NL4
PLM+ Output
Channels 1 & 2
NL4
PLM+ Output
Channels 3 & 4
NL8
PLM+ Output
Channels 1 - 4
8.1.3. Binding Post Connectors
CH 2
CH 1
CH 4
CH 3
SPEAKER OUTPUTS
CLASS 3 WIRING
BRIDGE
BRIDGE
CH 2
CH 1
CH 4
CH 3
SPEAKER OUTPUTS
CLASS 3 WIRING
BRIDGE
BRIDGE
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Connect the ‘+’ loudspeaker terminals to the red binding posts and the ‘ – ‘ terminals to the black binding posts.
There are three methods of connecting speaker cables to the binding posts.
1. Solder 4 mm banana-plugs to the ends of the speaker wires and plug into the center of the turrets.
2. Thread the stripped ends of the wires through the holes in the posts. Enter the wires for output channels 1 and
3 from above and for channels 2 and 4 from below. Tighten the plastic turrets by nger only, being careful not to
overtighten.
3. Crimp 4 mm insulated spade terminals onto the ends of the wires and push into the binding post assembly
from above (Ch. 1 & 3) or below (Ch. 2 & 4). The hole in the post is ignored. Hand tighten plastic turrets, being
careful not to overtighten.
8.2. Analog Inputs
8.2.1. Analog Input XLR Connections
Four electronically balanced analog inputs are provided via latching XLR3F connectors.
INPUT 1 INPUT 2 INPUT 3
PIN 1: SCRN 2: POS 3: NEG
ANALOG WITH ISO-FLOAT
TM
INPUT 4
Figure 8.8: Analog Input XLR Connections
8.2.2. Analog & AES3 XLR Wiring and Pin Out
All XLR connections are wired to IEC268 as shown in Figure 8.9.
Figure 8.9: IEC268 XLR Wiring and Pin Out
Pin 1: Ground / Shield
Pin 2: Hot (+)
Pin 3: Cold (-)
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8.2.3. Unbalanced Operation
Balanced connections are recommended where possible. However, if it is necessary to drive the device from
equipment with an unbalanced output, wire the inputs as shown in Figure 8.10.
12
3
COLD
HOT
SCRN
COLD
HOT
SCRN
Unbalanced Output
(Typically phono)
Balanced Input
(XLR)
Figure 8.10: Balanced to Unbalanced Analog Wiring and Pin Out
The method shown in Figure 8.10 uses twin-and-screen (balanced) cable and standard XLR pin connections at the
PLM+ Series device end, with the cold wire and the cable screen connected to the signal ground of the equipment
at the source end.
This usually provides better noise and hum rejection than the more common method of joining pins 1 and 3
together in the XLR. However, if only a single-core (unbalanced) cable is available, the method shown in
Figure 8.15 may be used.
12
3
HOT
SCRN
HOT
SCRN
Unbalanced Output
(Typically phono)
Balanced Input
(XLR)
Figure 8.11: Unbalanced Analog Wiring and Pin Out
8.2.4. Iso-Float Electronic Balancing
The analog input electronic balancing circuits use the Lake Iso-Float system.
The Iso-Float technology combines the benets of transformer-coupled isolation with the advantages of clean,
direct-coupled inputs. The audio converters are galvanically isolated, and not connected to the main ground. Highquality transformers and opto-isolators create a barrier between the device and possible grounding aberrations
from the outside electrical environment.
Iso-Float settings are adjustable via the front panel menu or the Lake Controller software.
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8.3. AES3 Digital Inputs
8.3.1. AES3 XLR Connector
AES3 digital audio input is via two XLR3F connectors. Connectors are provided for Inputs 1 & 2 and Inputs 3 & 4.
Wiring of this connector follows the same standard as for analog XLR connections as shown section 8.2.2.
The AES3 signal format carries two channels of audio and associated data on a single cable/connector. Selection
of input channels is performed within the digital processing section of the PLM+ and is controlled from the menu
system. Please refer to section 7.10.3.1 for further details.
AES/EBU
INPUT 1-2 INPUT 3-4
Figure 8.12: AES Inputs
8.4. RJ45 etherCON Network Connections
Two RJ45 etherCON style network connections are provided as shown in Figure 8.13.
SECPRIM
SWITCHED 00/ 000 Base-TX1 1
1Gbps 1Gbps
LINK
ACT
LINK
ACT
Figure 8.13: etherCON Network Connectors
The switched 100/1000 Base-T network connections auto-sense whether standard or crossover Cat-5e cables
are in use. The green ACT LED illuminates (ashes) to show network activity, and when a 100 Mbps connection is
present; the orange LED illuminates (static) to indicate a 1000 Mbps connection.
Pre-made cables with moulded RJ45 plugs are recommended. If it is necessary to make up custom Cat-5e
network cables, use pinout described in Table 8.14.
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Table 8.14: RJ45 Wiring & Pin Out Description
Figure 8.15: RJ45 Wiring & Pin Out Diagram
When the device is connected to an active network, the yellow LINK LED illuminates above the connector in use.
Data activity on the network is indicated by illumination of the green ACT LED. It is normal for the ACT LED to
icker either sporadically or continuously.
8.4.1. Primary Network Connection
The Primary Network connection is used for Lake Controller connectivity and Dante digital audio. Please refer to
section 4.2 for additional information.
8.4.2. Secondary Network Connection
The Secondary Network connection may be used for a redundant Dante digital audio network. Please refer to
section 4.2 for additional information.
Pin No. Color
1 Brown
2 Brown + White
3 Green
4 Blue + White
5 Blue
6 Green + White
7 Orange
8 Orange + White
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8.5. Power Inlet
8.5.1 Power Connector
A Neutrik NAC3 Series powerCON connector rated at 32 A is tted to the rear of the PLM+ for AC mains input.
The power cable (AC cord) supplied with the PLM+ has the mating connector ready-tted, but may require a mains
(AC) plug specic to your country to be tted to the other end. The wiring an pinout details are shown in Table 8.2.
Table 8.16: powerCON Connector Wiring and Pinout
powerCON pin 230 V Cable 115 V Cable
L Brown Black
N Blue White
Green/Yellow Green
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9. Appendix
9.1. Faults and Warnings Overview
Category/Type Name On screen text Description Action
FRAM E
Warning
CTRL OFFLIN E
on the network
Check network cabling/
network if controller
expected on the network
Warning
AES clock slipping C LOCK SLIPPING
Frame not able to lock to
incoming AES stream
Check AES sender and
Warning
NAME CON FLICT
Two or more devices on the network
with the same Dante name
Review Dante
Warning
Dante module not detected
DANTE NEEDS
SERVICE
Lake cannot detect a functioning
Dante module
Restart device; if not
cleared it needs service
to operate Dante
Warning
Dante module with
DANTE FW INVALID
Dante module not loaded
with correct F W
with LakeUpdate
Warning
Audio Fault AUDIO FAULT
Internal audio interface
not functioning
Restart device; if not
cleared it needs service
Warning
Sense fault DSP SENS FLT:DSP
output faulty. Audio continues but
protection might be compromised.
No load monitoring
Restart device; if not
cleared it needs service
Fault
A/D converter power
supply fault
A/D P SU FAULT
Voltage supply to the analog input
converters faulty
Restart device; if not
cleared it needs service for
analog input to work
TEMP
Warning
Temperature warning
power supply
TEMP WARN:PSU
Power supply temperature
approaching critical levels
Improve cooling or reduce
output power to avoid
temperature becoming
critical
Warning
Temper
ature warning
DSP area
TEMP WARN:DSP
DSP area temperature approaching
critical levels
Improve cooling or reduce
output power to avoid
temperature becoming
critical
Warning
Power supply
Temperature Limit
PTL ACTIVE
to avoid power supply temp
fault protection
Improve cooling or reduce
output power to avoid
limiting
Warning
Amp channel
Temperature Limit
ATL ACTIVE
temp fault protection
Improve cooling or reduce
output power to avoid
limiting
Fault
Temperature fault
power supply
TEMP FLT:PS U
Power supply temperature reached
internal protection limit
Automatically restarts
when cooled down
Fault
Temperature fault
DSP area
TEMP FLT:DS P
DSP area reached
critical temperature
Improve cooling or
reduce power
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69
Category/Type Name On screen text Description Action
PSU
Warning
Under Voltage Limit UVL ACTIVE
The Under Voltage limiter is active as the
mains supply is approaching the lower
end of the device´s operational voltage.
Output power is decreased to ensure
mains distribution does not collapse
Increase mains distribution
stiffness or reduce output
power to avoid limiting
Warning
Power Average Limit PAL ACTIVE
to average power or mains current
draw is above safe operating levels
Reduce output power
to avoid limiting
Warning
Breaker Emulation Limit BEL ACTIVE
Power supply is reducing mains current
Improve mains distribution
and update BEL
output power to avoid
limiting
Warning
Mains supply glitch MAINS GLITCH
Mains glitch (missing cycles) was
detected on the mains inlet
Check mains distribution/
connection
Fault
Need service NEED SERVI CE:1-8 Power supply internal error
Restart device; if not
cleared it needs service
Fault
Mains voltage above
400 volt peak
MAINS>400 VPK
Power supply detects mains voltage
above 400 volt peak. Protective shut
down, auto restart attempt
Check mains distribution/
connection
Fault
Mains voltage above
270 V
MAI
NS>270 V
Power supply detects mains voltage
above operation voltage. Protective
shut down, auto restart at tempt
Check mains distribution/
connection
Fault
Mains voltage below
65 V
Mains<65 V
Power supply detects mains voltage
below operation voltage. Protective
shut down, auto restart at tempt
Check mains distribution/
connection
Fault
Power supply fault PSU FAULT Internal power supply fault
Check mains distribution/
connection. Restar t
device; if not cleared
it needs ser vice
Fault
Check ma
ins CHECK MAINS
Power supply detects unstable mains
supply. Protective shut down, auto
restart at tempt
Check mains distribution/
connection
Fault
Power supply power protect PSU POW ER PROT
Too high output power for too low mains
supply voltage. Protective shut down,
auto restart attempt
Improve mains supply
voltage or reduce
output power
LOAD
Warning
Speaker shor t SPKR S HORT Both LoadPilot tones below thresholds Check load or calibration
Warning
Speaker damaged SPKR DAMAGED
One LoadP
ilot tone is above
or below threshold
Check load or calibration
Warning
Under speaker count UND ER SPK R CNT
Both LoadPilot tones above thresholds
or LoadSmart detected fewer
speakers than expected
Check load and
cabling alibration
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Category/Type Name On screen text Description Action
Warning
More speakers OVR SPKR COUNT
LoadSmart detected more speakers
than expected
Check load and
Warning
Uncertain about load UN CERTAIN LOAD LoadSmart uncertain about load
Check load and
Warning
LOAD NOT VER
Perform LoadSmart
Fault
No load NO LOAD
At least one LoadPilot tone above
above thresholds
Check load or calibration
Fault
Wrong load WRONG LOAD
LoadSmart detected impedance
response output model
Check load and
Fault
Short circuit SHORT CIRCUIT
LoadPilot or full frequency analysis
below short threshold or hardware
short protection
Check load and cabling
AMP
Warning
channel
TEMP WARN
critical temperature
Improve cooling or reduce
output power to avoid
temperature becoming
critical
Fault
TEMP FAULT
internal protection limit
Automatically unmutes
when cooled down
Fault
Service channel SERVICE CH.
Restart device; if not
cleared it needs service
Fault
Very high frequency fault VHF FAULT
Check input signal or
reduce output. With a
maximum of -12 dB of gain
reduction in the VHF
warning, VHF Fault will
trigger after
15 seconds
Warning
Very high frequency warning
VHF WARNING
(PLM20K/12K44 only)
Check input signal
Clip
Current average limiter CAL ACTIVE
above safe operating level
Reduce output power
to avoid limiting
Clip
Current clip CURRENT C LIP
current limit
Reduce output power
to avoid limiting
Clip
Voltage clip VOLTAGE CLIP
Reduce output power
to avoid limiting
Clip
Module clip MOD. CLIP Module output signal clipped
Review gain structure.
Module gain vs AmpGain
SIGNAL
Fault
No input source
NO INPUT
Input router has no valid
input source
Review input router
settings/connections
Clip
Analog/A ES input clip INPUT CLIP
The signal on the analog/AES input
is above inputs capability
Lower the signal on the
Amplifier channel gain
reduction due to VHF content
Table 9.1: Warning, Fault and Mute Indications (alphabetical by LCD Text / Event Log Text)
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71
9.2. Maintenance
During normal operation this devices provides trouble-free service. If the LCD or front panel display requires
cleaning, use a soft cloth only; do not use solvent cleaners. T
turning the unit back on.
In extreme cases it may be necessary to clean the inside of the device. This procedure should only be carried
device has had prolonged operation in an
extreme environment such as one where cracked oil smoke machines are in use. If the device is used in extreme
conditions, it is recommended to have it serviced every three years as a preventative measure.
9.3. Factory Default Settings
9.3.1. Module Defaults
Module Type: 4 x CL1-Way
Mod Input Mute: On
Mod Output Mutes: Off
Gain: 0 dB (unity)
Delay: 0 ms
Polarity: Positive (In phase)
MaxRMS: 20 dB
MaxPeak: 21 dB
Amp Gain: 35 dB
ISVPL: 20K44 194 V
12K44 175 V
5K44 147 V
Input & Output EQ: Flat
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PLM+ SERIES Operation Manual rev 3.0.1
9.3.2. Input and Router Defaults
Autoselect: On
Input sensitivity: +26 dBu
Dante: Disabled
AES3: Terminated
Iso-Float: Enabled
Router 1: Priority 1 = Dante Receiver (Ch.1)
Priority 2 = Dante Receiver (Ch.5)
Priority 3 = AES1 (Ch.1)
Priority 4 = Analog 1
Router 2: Priority 1 = Dante Receiver (Ch.2)
Priority 2 = Dante Receiver (Ch.6)
Priority 3 = AES1 (Ch.2)
Priority 4 = Analog 2
Router 3: Priority 1 = Dante Receiver (Ch.3)
Priority 2 = Dante Receiver (Ch.7)
Priority 3 = AES1 (Ch.3)
Priority 4 = Analog 3
Router 4: Priority 1 = Dante Receiver (Ch.4)
Priority 2 = Dante Receiver (Ch.8)
Priority 3 = AES1 (Ch.4)
Priority 4 = Analog 4
9.3.3. Amplifier and Device Defaults
Attenuation: 0 dB
Polarity: Positive (In phase)
Mutes: Unmuted
Load Model: No Load Model
Breaker Emulation Limiter:
Auto Zero Conf. (Auto IP)
Dual Redundancy: Disabled
Dante Slave Only: Enabled
20K44 - 32A
12K44 - 25A
5K44 - 15A
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PLM+ SERIES Operation Manual rev 3.0.1
73
9.4. Current Draw and Thermal Dissipation Specifications
different operating conditions for each PLM+ Series device.
1. Standby Mode
2. Power On (Idle - No Signal)
3. Power On (Normal Operation - Pink Noise 1/8 of Rated Power)
4. Power On (Heavy Duty Operation - Pink Noise Max Power)
5. Power On (Pilot Tone Operation - 20 kHz Sine Wave)
Table 9.2: PLM5K44 Current Draw and Dissipation Specifications
PLM 5K44
Level Load
Rated p ower per
channe l
Line Cu rre nt Me asured Pow er (W ) T hermal Dis sipa tion
( A ) In Out Dissipate d BTU/hr kCal/hr
Mains Volt age 100 VAC
Stan dby
0.2 7 0 7 24 6
Power on , Idli ng,Gree n Mode
0.6 59 0 59 201 51
Power on ,Idling , Perf orma nce Mod e
0.8 78 0 78 267 67
Pink Ps eudo Noise
16 Ω/ Ch. 700 x 4 5.1 501 350 151 515 130
8 Ω/ Ch. 1250 x 4 8.9 881 625 256 872 220
4 Ω/ Ch. 1250 x 4 9.3 915 625 290 990 249
2 Ω/ Ch. 90 0 x 4 7.8 771 450 321 1097 276
100V/ Ch. 1250 x 4 8.9 880 625 255 870 219
70V/ Ch. 1250 x 4 10.0 982 650 332 1133 285
Mains Volt age 120 VAC
Stan d
by
0.3 7 0 7 24 6
Power on , Idli ng,Gree n Mode
0.5 59 0 59 200 50
Power on ,Idling , Perf orma nce Mod e
0.7 77 0 77 263 66
Pink Ps eudo N oise
16 Ω/ Ch. 700 x 4 4.2 498 350 148 506 127
8 Ω/ Ch. 1250 x 4 7.3 856 625 231 788 199
4 Ω/ Ch. 1250 x 4 7.7 909 625 284 969 244
2 Ω/ Ch. 90 0 x 4 6.4 751 450 301 1027 259
100V/ Ch. 1250 x 4 7.3 857 625 232 793 20 0
70V/ Ch. 1250 x 4 8.0 949 650 299 1019 257
Mains Volt age 20 8 VAC
Stan dby
0.3 7 0 7 25 6
Power on , Idli ng,Gree n Mode
0.5 58 0 58 198 50
Power on ,Idling , Perf orma nce Mod e
0.5 77 0 77 263 66
Pink Ps eudo N oise
16 Ω/ Ch. 7
00 x 4 2.4 481 350 131 447 113
8 Ω/ Ch. 1250 x 4 4.1 831 625 206 703 177
4 Ω/ Ch. 1250 x 4 4.4 883 625 258 881 222
2 Ω/ Ch. 90 0 x 4 3.7 734 450 284 969 244
100V/ Ch. 1250 x 4 4.1 832 625 207 707 178
70V/ Ch. 1250 x 4 4.6 920 650 270 922 232
Mains Volt age 23 0 VAC
Stan dby
0.3 7 0 7 25 6
Power on , Idli ng,Gree n Mode
0.4 58 0 58 197 50
Power on ,Idling , Perf orma nce Mod e
0.5 77 0 77 263 66
Pink Ps eudo N oise
16 Ω/ Ch. 700 x 4 2.2 474 350 124 435 109
8 Ω/ Ch. 1250 x 4 3.7 817 625 192 625 165
4 Ω/ Ch. 1250 x 4 3.9 869 625 244 83 3 210
2 Ω/ Ch. 90 0 x 4 3.3 724 450 274 936 236
100
V/ Ch. 1250 x 4 3.7 822 625 197 544 137
70V/ Ch. 1250 x 4 4.1 908 650 258 881 222
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9. Appendix
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PLM+ SERIES Operation Manual rev 3.0.1
PLM 12K44
Level L oad
Rated p ower
per chann el
Line Cu rren t
Power
Facto r
Meas ured Powe r (W) Therma l Diss ipat ion
(A) (%) I n O ut Dissi pated BTU/hr kC al/hr
Mains Volt age 100 VAC, 30 A
Stan dby 0.3 43 12 0 12 40 10
Power on, I dling 2.3 98 219 0 219 749 189
Pink Ps eudo
Noise
16 Ω / Ch. 9 50 10.8 99 1059 475 58 4 1994 5 03
8 Ω / Ch. 190 0 19.2 99 186 8 94 9 919 313 6 791
4 Ω / Ch. 3000 24.6 99 23 89 120 0 1189 4 057 1023
2.67 Ω / Ch. 3000 25.7 99 2551 1151 1400 4776 1204
2 Ω / Ch. 3000 25.8 99 25 76 1113 1463 4 992 1259
LoadP ilot
Sine 20 kHz
8 Ω / Ch. 2.4 98 231 0 231 789 199
Mains Volt a
ge 120 VAC, 30 A
Stan dby 0.3 36 11 0 11 39 10
Power on, I dling 1.9 98 215 0 215 734 185
Pink Ps eudo
Noise
16 Ω / Ch. 9 50 8.8 9 9 1035 475 5 60 1910 4 82
8 Ω / Ch. 190 0 15.1 99 176 5 949 815 27 83 702
4 Ω / Ch. 3000 24.0 99 2 817 1502 1315 44 87 1131
2.67 Ω / Ch. 3000 24.5 99 28 94 14 37 14 56 4 969 1253
2 Ω / Ch. 3000 25.1 99 29 80 1361 1619 5524 1393
LoadP ilot
Sine 20 kHz
8 Ω / Ch. 2.0 97 2 26 0 22 6 77 3 195
Mains Volt age 208 VAC, 17.3 A
Stan dby 0.3 18 12 0 12 42 11
Power on, I dling 1.1 91 211 0 211 720 182
Pink Ps eudo
Noise
16 Ω / Ch. 9 50 4.9 9 9 1001 475 5 26 179 5 453
8 Ω / Ch. 190 0 8
.7 9 9 1766 9 49 816 2786 70 2
4 Ω / Ch. 3000 13.3 99 26 87 15 01 1186 40 46 10 20
2.67 Ω / Ch. 3000 14.0 99 2847 150 0 1346 45 94 1158
2 Ω / Ch. 3000 14.8 99 30 46 150 0 15 46 5276 133 0
LoadP ilot
Sine 20 kHz
8 Ω / Ch. 1.2 93 221 0 221 754 190
Mains Voltage 2 30 VAC, 16 A
Stan dby 0.3 18 12 0 12 42 11
Power on, I dling 1.1 91 211 0 211 720 182
Pink Ps eudo
Noise
16 Ω / Ch. 9 50 4.9 9 9 1001 475 5 26 179 5 453
8 Ω / Ch. 190 0 8 .7 9 9 1766 9 49 816 2786 70 2
4 Ω / Ch. 3000 13.3 99 26 87 15 01 1186 40 46 10 20
2.67 Ω / Ch. 3000 14.0 99 2847 150 0 1346 45 94 1158
2 Ω / Ch. 3000 14.
8 99 304 6 150 0 154 6 52 76 13 30
LoadP ilot
Sine 20 kHz
8 Ω / Ch. 1.2 93 221 0 221 754 190
Table 9.3: PLM12K44 Current Draw and Dissipation Specifications
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9. Appendix
PLM+ SERIES Operation Manual rev 3.0.1
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PLM 20K44
Level L oad
Rated p ower
per chann el
Line Cu rren t
Power
Facto r
Meas ured Pow er (W) Therm al Dis sipa tion
(A) (%) I n O ut Dissi pated BTU/hr kC al/hr
Mains Volt age 100 VAC, 30 A
Stan dby 0.3 52 17 0 17 58 15
Power on, I dling 2.4 97 2 35 0 23 5 802 202
Pink Ps eudo
Noise
16 Ω / Ch. 1150 12.1 99 1192 588 60 4 2061 5 20
8 Ω / Ch. 230 0 22. 3 99 2198 1174 1024 349 3 8 81
4 Ω / Ch. 440 0 29. 2 99 285 3 1478 1375 4691 1183
2.67 Ω / Ch. 5000 29.2 99 2 862 1399 14 63 4 991 1259
2 Ω / Ch. 440 0 29 .1 99 282 6 135 5 147 2 5 022 1266
LoadP ilot
Sine 20 kHz
8 Ω / Ch. 2.5 97 2 36 0 236 807 203
Mains Voltag
e 120 VAC, 30 A
Stan dby 0.3 48 17 0 17 58 15
Power on, I dling 2.0 97 227 0 227 775 195
Pink Ps eudo
Noise
16 Ω / Ch. 1150 12.0 99 1180 588 59 3 202 3 510
8 Ω / Ch. 230 0 18.4 9 9 2144 1174 970 3310 835
4 Ω / Ch. 440 0 30. 0 99 345 7 189 6 156 1 53 26 134 3
2.67 Ω / Ch. 5000 29.5 99 3 439 1752 1687 5 756 1451
2 Ω / Ch. 440 0 29. 9 99 3495 166 5 18 30 6 245 1575
LoadP ilot
Sine 20 kHz
8 Ω / Ch. 2.0 97 2 32 0 23 2 790 199
Mains Volt age 208 VAC, 17.3 A
Stan dby 0.3 27 18 0 18 60 15
Power on, I dling 1.2 92 2 22 0 22 2 757 191
Pink Ps eudo
Noise
16 Ω / Ch. 115
0 5.7 99 1151 5 88 56 4 1923 4 85
8 Ω / Ch. 230 0 10.2 9 9 205 5 1174 881 3 005 7 58
4 Ω / Ch. 440 0 16. 2 99 328 6 1948 13 38 4 565 1151
2.67 Ω / Ch. 5000 15.6 99 3171 1752 1419 4 843 1221
2 Ω / Ch. 440 0 16.0 9 9 325 3 166 5 158 9 5 420 13 67
LoadP ilot
Sine 20 kHz
8 Ω / Ch. 1.2 92 2 29 0 22 9 780 197
Mains Volt age 230 VAC, 16 A
Stan dby 0.3 23 18 0 18 61 15
Power on, I dling 1.2 92 2 22 0 22 2 757 191
Pink Ps eudo
Noise
16 Ω / Ch. 1150 5.1 98 1134 5 88 5 46 1863 470
8 Ω / Ch. 230 0 9. 2 9 9 2053 1174 879 2999 75 6
4 Ω / Ch. 440 0 15.9 9 9 352 9 2109 1420 4845 1222
2.67 Ω / Ch. 5000 16.0 99 3 564 1935 16 30 5 561 1402
2 Ω / Ch. 440
0 16.0 99 357 7 185 6 172 2 5 875 14 81
LoadP ilot
Sine 20 kHz
8 Ω / Ch. 1.1 90 2 28 0 22 8 777 196
Table 9.4: PLM20K44 Current Draw and Dissipation Specifications
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9.5. Glossary of Terms, Acronyms and Abbreviations
Term Description
Float ing
such as tha t found in the PLM+ - do mimic th e characterist ics of transform er-coupled designs to a high de gree.
Frame
Lake term inology for a physical unit co ntaining a Lake pr ocessing syste m, i.e. a single LM 26, PLM , PLM+ or legacy Lake Pr ocessor.
Frame I D
Frame Pr eset
Frame Pres ets are a class of Pre sets within the Lake p rocessing syst em. Up to 100 can be store d in the hardware device , and each holds the complet e
Gigabit Ether net
IEEE 802.3 -2008 standard.
Hub
A type of net work interfac e device with multiple Eth ernet ports. Dat a arriving at any port is s ent to all others. Hu bs have been large ly replaced by Switch es.
In-Rush Curr ent
When powe r is applied to a piece of ele ctronic equipm ent, the initial c urrent taken by the P SU can be very high as th e various capacitors in the circuit ry charge up;
breaker s. The PLM+’s PSU contain s circuitry to control t he in-rush current to pr event this.
Input L evel
The ampli tude of an audio signal a t the point where it is appl ied to the input of the device , or at the input of an inte rmediate stag e within it. An analog i nput signal
level will be exp ressed in dBu’s, while a d igital input signal level in d BfS (dBs below digit al clip level; fS = full- scale)
IP Addres s
Every item o f equipment conne cted to an Ethernet n etwork has a unique ad dress called th e IP address, so th at data gets to the cor rect place. IP addre sses are
written a s four groups of three d ecimal number s between 0 and 255. I n a system consisting o f Lake Processor s and a Lake Controller t hey are assigned and
detecte d automatically.
IP Subn et Mask
IP subnet mas ks are required in a ll IP networks. Th e subnet is determine d by the size and type of n etwork being use d. For small netwo rks (less than 254 a ddresses)
a subnet mask o f 255.255.255.0 can b e used. (A Class C ne twork).
Iso-F loat
Iso-Fl oat is Lake’s propriet ary method of ele ctronic balan cing, which provi des a particula rly high level of isola tion and immunit y from ground loops.
ISVPL
ISVPL is an ab breviation for In ter-Sample Voltage Pea k Limiter, a proprie tary Lab.grup pen technique fo r ensuring that vol tage at the output terminals of a P LM+
or for unive rsal use.
Lake Cont rolle r
The Lake Cont roller is the softw are application used t o control LM 26 Process ors, PLM+ Series a nd other Lake device s. This softwar e application provide s
additio nal functionalit y and allows various g rouping functions fo r simultaneous co ntrol of multiple Lake Pro cessing enable d devices.
Laten cy
signals. In the La ke system, latency i s assured to be consta nt.
Legac y Lake Dev ice
This term r efers to older La ke audio equipment w hich may form par t of an audio system (i. e. Lake Contour Pro 26, La ke Mesa Quad EQ and the D olby Lake
Proces sor). The Lake Controll er has the capability to c ontrol all Lake lega cy products.
Limit erMa x
Limiter Max is the name give n to Lake’s proprieta ry package of dynamics c ontrol which forms pa rt of the Lake Proce ssing system.
Line Driv er
over very l ong cables.
Linea r Phase Cross over
See FIR Filt ers.
Load Libr ary
See Finge rprint, LoadSma rt and SpeakerSaf e.
Load, equal/u nequal
the same load imp edance, or if the re are different imp edances on dif ferent channe ls.
LoadS mart
speaker c onnected to it. It is int ended to be used pre -performa nce prior to runni ng SpeakerSafe.
Loop-Th ru
is terme d a loop-thru.
MAC Addres s
MaxPe ak
Lake’s Limite rMax provides i ndependent dyna mics control over signal p eaks (MaxPeak ) and the average signal l evel (MaxRMS).
Modul e
The term us ed in the Lake Controller to de scribe the virtual s et of signal processin g that routes an audio input to th e various frequency weighted outputs of a
Modul e Preset
the Lake Cont roller software, n ot in the hardware de vice.
The explanations given in Table 9.5 below are based on the specific use of each term in this manual.
The definitions are not intended to be exhaustive and many of these terms have wider meanings.
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Table 9.5: Glossary of Terms, Acronyms and Abbreviations
Term Description
Onlin e
A device on a n Ethernet netwo rk which is fully opera tional and commu nicating with the res t of the network is sa id to be online.
PAL
drawn by the PS U from the AC mains do es not exceed the mains br eaker ratings.
Paral lel
Two or more e.g. inputs whi ch are wired togethe r so that all inputs are connec ted to the same source are sa id to be parallele d. Signal levels will be re duced if too
many inputs are pa ralleled; in the c ase of AES3, this may r esult in a complete los s of audio.
Param eter
Any control f unction which can be adju sted by the user to one of s everal differe nt values is terme d a parameter. For exam ple, input level, gain, de lay, and limiter
threshold a re all paramete rs.
Pass-Through C able
See Stra ight network cable.
PFC
Power Factor C orrection. PFC re duces current p eaks on the lines and re duces the require ments placed on the ma ins distribution s ystem.
Ping
possibly r eply with additiona l information. T hus an Lake device on the n etwork can be pinge d from the Lake Cont roller; on receipt o f the ‘ping’, the hi-intensit y
the proce ssor register s in the Lake Controller s oftware.
Prese t
Prima ry Ethernet Por t
The Prima ry Ethernet por t on the is the means of c onnecting the dev ice to a network. See also S econdary Eth ernet Port.
PSU
Abbrevi ation of Power Supply Unit . The PSU in any item of ele ctronic equip ment converts th e AC mains into a set of inte rnal DC voltages w hich run the elec tronic
assemb lies themselve s.
RJ45
RJ45 conne ctions are the in dustry-stan dard connectors f or Ethernet ports .
Route r
As far as ne tworks of the type d iscussed in this ma nual are concer ned, see Switch.
Secondar y Ethernet Por t
The Seco ndary Etherne t port can be used ei ther as a daisy-chai n output, repeating the n etwork connec tion at the Primar y port, or for the conne ction of a separa te
second n etwork for full redundan cy.
Shor t Circuit Prot ection
A Lab.gru ppen propriet ary protective cir cuit designed to mute a ch annel when a shor t circuit is detecte d at its output terminals to preve nt damage to the device.
Speak erSa fe
Once act ivated, SpeakerSafe c onstantly monito rs the voltage and c urrent at the PLM+’s outputs. Usin g Fingerprint d ata, the softwa re then calculate s parameters
such as voice c oil and magnet tempe ratures, provid ing the operator w ith real-time perfo rmance monitor ing. See LoadLib rary.
speakON
Star Topology
A network topo logy which uses a netwo rk switch to connect to in dividual Lake de vices. Each device c onnects to one port on th e switch with its own cable, thus t he
network l ooks like a star when dr awn as a diagram with t he switch at the centre .
Straigh t Network Cable
A Cat-5/6 net work cable with full pin-to -pin connections i s called a straight ne twork cable. Lake device s can connect to a netwo rk using either s traight or crosse d
network cable s.
Subsy stem
It is poss ible when working with la rge networked sys tems to store selec ted component s of the system into a Subs ystem. This is use ful if working on a tour that
encomp asses both large a nd mid-sized venue s. The same core Lake Cont roller data can the n be used for a reduced n umber of Lake devices .
Supe r Modul e
A Super Mod ule is a virtual c onstruct that can b e realized within the L ake Controller, allowing a s et of Modules in dif ferent Frames to be tre ated as a single Mod ule.
Switch (E thernet)
An Ethern et switch allows seve ral Ethernet dev ices to be connected to a net work using a star to pology. More intellige nt than the earlie r hubs which they now lar gely
replace, th ey route packets of data only t o the units for which the y are intended, an d also perform othe r system housekee ping and contro l functions.
Syste m Preset
LM 26 Proce ssors, PLM Serie s, PLM+ Series and o ther legacy Lake d evices.
Tablet PC
A compact PC whic h uses a touchscreen inste ad of keyboard and mous e. The Lake Controller h as been optimize d for use on Tablet PCs.
Terminati on
AES3 digi tal audio interco nnections mus t be correctly te rminated for reli able operation. T he 110 ohm term inations must be set ‘on’ at t he beginning and end of a
set of daisy-c hained digital au dio equipment, and ‘of f’ at any interme diate ones.
Topology
Univers al Power Supply
VHF Pro tecti on
protect ion circuit monitor s the output this, mutin g the power output channe l if necessar y
V peak
Indicates th e peak voltage of an a udio signal. For a sinus oidal signal, the pea k voltage = 1.414 x the RMS voltage, Vrms . Not to be confused w ith peak-to-peak
voltage (w ritten V pk-pk), whi ch = V peak x 2.
Vrms
The RMS vol tage of a signal. See RMS.
Wirel ess Access Poi nt
A device us ed to connect a computer to a n Ethernet network w ithout cables; a radio tra nsmitter/recei ver for data.
Wirel ess Network
An Ethern et network wher e some or all cabled connec tions are replace d by wireless links .
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10. Application Guide
This chapter describes the practical application and use of PLM+ Series devices.
10.1. Rack I/O Panels
For fast and simple system connection, pre-wired racks using connection panels can be used. With an I/O
at one position, without requiring rear panel access.
10.2. Gain Structure
The PLM+ Series architecture provides gain adjustments at various points in the signal path for enabling muting
and level adjustment. Each mute or gain adjustment point serves
chapter 6 provide a useful reference for the signal path. The following sections describe the various adjustment
points, all of which are available via the Lake Controller software.
10.2.1. Input Headroom (Analog Inputs Only)
Input Headroom should be set to 12 dBu if the source can be limited to 12 dBu; otherwise it should be set to
appropriate headroom at the input stage only.
To adjust, navigate to I/O CONFIG > INPUT CONFIGURATION in the Lake Controller. Please refer to the Lake
Controller Operation Manual for further details.
10.2.2. Input Mixer
other can be set to -INF.
To adjust, navigate to I/O CONFIG and tap the Input Mixer blocks for the Module in the Lake Controller. Please
refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further details.
10.2.3. Module Input Gain
Input Gain is used to adjust the level between different speaker cabinets in the system. This gain can remain at
0.00 dB unless a lower level is required for the cabinet/s driven by this Module.
To adjust, navigate to MODULES > EQ/LEVELS > LEVELS in the Lake Controller. Please refer to the Lake
Controller Operation Manual for further details.
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10.2.4. Module Output Gain
Factory and User Gain are provided for each Module output. These two stages provide a level of security and
control for the system designer (Factory) and a further level of adjustment for the user (User), both of which
1. Factory Gain is set by the system designer and can be hidden wi
parameter is only accessible when the Module is unlocked and the Lake Controller is in Designer Mode. Adjust via
MODULES > LEVELS > METER OPTIONS > ADJUST FACTORY.
2. User Gain is editable by a user unless the system designer has locked away the parameter; adjust via
MODULES > LEVELS.
adjusted further.
10.2.5. Attenuator
An attenuator gain adjustment is provided for each power output channel in the PLM+. This control replaces the
To adjust, navigate to I/O CONFIG > EVENTS & CONTROL > STATUS in the Lake Controller. Please refer to the
Lake Controller Operation Manual for further details.
10.2.6. Amp Gain
CONTROL in the Lake Controller. Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for further details.
10.3. Gain / Level Optimization
10.3.1. Maximize Volume Capability
clipping before the limiters engage. It must be possible to achieve enough gain through the device to engage
the limiters and realize a high average SPL. As an optimal setting, allow for a headroom of 10 dB or more for all
channels; the simplest way to accomplish this is to increase the Module input gain.
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10.3.2. Minimize Noise
To help provide the best volume to noise ratio, use an AES or Dante digital input signal wherever possible. If using
analog inputs, ensure that unused or unnecessarily high headroom is not introduced at the input to the device. If
full or high average power is not required, the Module input gain may be reduced.
10.3.3. Gain Optimization Examples
This section provides examples on performance effects resulting from changes to the PLM+ gain structure
10.3.3.1. Digital Input Gain Structure Examples
• Input Clip: 0 dBFS
• Amp Gain: 35 dB
• SNR: 114.2 dB
• Absolute Noise Floor: -71.3 dBu
Table 10.2: Digital Input: Low Noise with Good Headroom (High Input / High SPL)
Figure 10.3 illustrates how to achieve the lowest possible output noise, although this is not a recommended
• Input Clip: 0 dBFS
• Amp Gain: 22 dB
• SNR: 114.8 dB
• Absolute Noise Floor: -71.9 dBu
Table 10.3: Digital Input Optimized for Minimum Noise - Not Recommended
-250,0
-200,0
-150,0
-100,0
-50,0
0,0
50,0
100,0
Analog AES Input Input Mixer Module In Module Out Amp Attenuation A nalog Ref A mp Gain ISVPL Output
dB/dBu
Clip
Nominal
Noise
-250,0
-200,0
-150,0
-100,0
-50,0
0,0
50,0
100,0
Analog AES Input Input Mixer Module In Module Out Amp A ttenuation Analog Ref Amp Gain ISVPL Output
dB/dBu
Clip
Nominal
Noise
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The improvement in noise performance (at the cost of losing headroom and compression features) is only 0.6 dB;
it is therefore not recommended to optimize performance in this manner.
10.3.3.2. Analog Input Gain Structure Examples
Figure 10.4 illustrates how to minimize absolute noise while limiting the available SPL. Input Clip: 12 dBu
• Amp Gain: 22 dB
• SNR: 105.5 dB
• Absolute Noise Floor: -71.5 dBu
• SPL is limited to -8.9 dB relative to clip in this minimum absolute noise level example
Table 10.4: Analog: Low Noise with Limited Output (Low Input / Low SPL)
Figure 10.5 illustrates how to minimize absolute noise while achieving full power. In this illustration it can be seen
that there is no available headroom.
• Input Clip: 12 dBu
• Amp Gain: 30.9 dB
• SNR: 111.3 dB
• Absolute Noise Floor: -68.4 dBu
Table 10.5: Analog: Low Noise with Full Output Power (Low Input / High SPL)
-140,0
-120,0
-100,0
-80,0
-60,0
-40,0
-20,0
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
Analog AES Input Input Mixer Module In Module Out Amp A ttenuation Analog Ref Amp Gain ISVPL Output
dB/dBu
Clip
Nominal
Noise
-140,0
-120,0
-100,0
-80,0
-60,0
-40,0
-20,0
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
Analog AES Input Input Mixer Module In Module Out Amp Attenuation A nalog Ref Amp Gain ISVPL Output
dB/dBu
Clip
Nominal
Noise
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Figure 10.6 illustrates how moderate noise with extreme SPL can be achieved. SPL is extremely high in this
example as maximum headroom is available at the input and within the processing stage. This makes it possible to
increase the average SPL by utilizing internal compression capabilities.
• Input Clip: 0 dBFS
• Amp Gain: 35 dB
• SNR: 114.2 dB
• Absolute Noise Floor: -71.3 dBu
-140.0
-120.0
-100.0
-80.0
-60.0
-40.0
-20.0
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
Analog AES Input Input Mixer Module In Module Out Amp Attenuation Analog Ref Amp Gain ISVPL Output
dB/dBu
Clip
Nominal
Noise
Table 10.6: Analog Input: Moderate Noise with Very High Output (Very High SPL)
10.4. Speaker Configurations
impedance of that presented by one speaker. Therefore, the current that two speakers will attempt to draw from
Limiter to become active. The more speakers connected to an output in parallel, the lower the impedance and the
higher the current draw.
Multiple loudspeakers may be driven by a PLM+ power output more satisfactorily if a series-parallel wiring
When using series-parallel wiring, the nominal impedance is the same as with one speaker; however, the principle
of power sharing still applies, and it is not possible to get t
NOTE: Nominal loads as low as 2 ohms are supported by the PLM+. However, a 2 ohm nominal load
has impedance dips at its resonances below 2 ohms; in such cases it is likely that the resulting higher
current will cause CPL to activate.
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10.5. Digital Audio Connections
Whenever possible, it is preferable to connect a digital rather that analog input signal to the device. This is
particularly relevant if the source signal is already in the digital domain, such as the source from a digital mixing
console or digital distribution system. The primary cause of signal distortion and signal delay (latency) is the digitalto-analog and analog-to-digital conversion process. Therefore, using digital inputs normally provides higher quality
audio with lower latency.
Two types of digital audio inputs are available: Dante networked multi-channel digital audio, and 2-channel
d interconnections are explained in a separate
The information in this section is supplied for users unfamilia
that the device conforms to established conventions.
10.5.1. AES3 Digital Audio
The original AES/EBU digital audio interface standard was developed by the Audio Engineering Society in
conjunction with the European Broadcast Union. Originally published in 1985, it was revised in 1992 and 2003,
and in its current iteration it is properly designated the AES3 standard.
AES3 is a serial transmission format for linearly represented (uncompressed) digital audio data. It describes a
method for carrying two channels of periodically sampled and uniformly quantized audio signals on a single
twisted-pair cable.
The data format allows for auxiliary data which can be used for information on signal characteristics as well as the
110-ohm twisted pair cabling terminated by an XLR connector. Please refer to section 8.3 for wiring details.
AES3 provides for multiple sampling rates and resolutions of up to 24 bits; this device accepts sample rates from
44.1 to 192 kHz.
10.5.2. System Latency and Delay Compensation
All types of digital audio processing inherently involves a small processing delay referred to as latency. If the
processing chain does not involve analog-to-digital or digital-to-analog conversion, the amount of latency is usually
very small and often may be disregarded.
However, in complex systems involving multiple digital audio components and connections, enough delay may
be generated to cause audio phasing problems. Therefore, the lowest latency is always preferred, and it is always
important to consider system latency delays when calculating and adjusting overall delay for time-aligning multiple
loudspeaker systems.
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10.5.3. Connections and Cabling
10.5.3.1. AES Input Connectors
Two AES-3 input signals (each carrying two audio channels) are connected to the XLR3F connectors labelled
INPUT 1-2 and INPUT 3-4 in the AES/EBU (AES-3) input section on the rear panel. Note that the Input connector
types are identical for the analog and digital inputs, so care must be taken when connecting audio, particularly
when analog inputs are used as a backup signal source. Connectors should be clearly labeled to prevent any
confusion.
NOTE: Never connect a digital signal source to an analog input or an analog signal source to a digital
input.
10.5.3.2. Interconnection of Multiple Units
The AES implementation in PLM+ is designed to be able to daisy-chain AES signals using passive Y-Split cables.
The PLM+ device at the end of a distribution line should be set to TERMINATED; all other PLM+ devices should be
with one DA output per processor, then all terminations should be on. However, if the AES3 is daisy-chained, only
terminate the last processor in the chain.
Please refer to section 10.5.4 for further information.
10.5.3.3. Cable Types and Distance Limitations
All digital connections should be made with 100 ohm balanced cables wired according to the AES3 standard (see
section 8.2.2). Although standard analog microphone cabling may function in limited circumstances, the potential
for problems is greatly increased. AES3 contains a high-speed data stream, and requires an effective bandwidth of
up to 12 MHz, far beyond the 20 kHz required for analog audio.
The distance allowed between a signal source and the PLM+ is dependent on both cable quality and the sampling
rate used. At a 96 kHz sampling rate, any good quality AES3 cable should allow a cable run of 100 meters with no
data losses beyond the capability of internal error correction. The best cables may allow longer cable runs, though
meter length at 96 kHz might extend to 200 meters at 48 kHz, but be cut to 50 meters at 192 kHz.
10.5.3.4. Signal Degradation and Loss
A weak or degraded AES3 signal will exhibit no audible loss of quality as long as the robustness of the data stream
remains above the threshold required for internal error correction. As degradation approaches the threshold,
audible artifacts may be heard, including pops, clicks and momentary dropouts. Any such indications require
immediate attention, as often the window of acceptable data loss between artifacts and complete audio loss can
be very narrow.
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It is recommended that all cables be tested for error-free performance at lengths 20% to 25% greater than lengths
10.5.4. External Signal Distribution Hardware
10.5.4.1. Distribution Amplifiers
format is one input and six outputs. Digital distribution ampli
as well making up for line losses.
times the signal to prevent signal degradation from clocking errors known as jitter.
small additional amounts of latency, so should not be used unless necessary.
10.5.4.2. Passive splitters
One single AES3 input may be split into more signals using a simple passive splitter. Splitters provide a convenient
and low cost solution when only a few additional signals are required, and in situations where cable lengths are
short. Attenuation is minimal, but there is no refreshing of the signal.
10.5.5. Additional Reference Material
Complete technical information on the AES/EBU (AES3) standard can be downloaded from the AES web site at
http://www.aes.org/publications/standards/.
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10.6. Digital Clock Configuration
10.6.1. Digital Clock Overview
clocking system. The digital clock can generate various independent internal sample rates, or can sync to an
incoming AES3 signal. Figure 10.7 shows the various sample rates and options available.
INPUTS
DANTE
C
AES1
48 kHz
AES2
INTERNAL
PRIMARY
CLOCK
48 kHz
96 kHz
192 kHz
C
AES1
48 kHz
AES2
INTERNAL
48 kHz
96 kHz
192 kHz
44.1 kHz
88.2 kHz
176.4 kHz
44.1 kHz
INTERNAL
Pwr 1
C
Pwr 2
C
Pwr 3
C
Pwr 4
C
Dante
C
Channel 1-8
48 / 96 kHz
OUTPUTS
SAMPLE RATE
CONVERTER
CLOCK
C
AUTO /
MANUAL 48
C
AUTO /
MANUAL 44
Table 10.7: Digital Clocking System
In Figure 10.7, each circled C represents a choice point. A choice point is a user-interface control that can be
information.
NOTE: Figure 10.7 indicates internally generated clocks with base-rate multiples of 44.1 kHz or 48 kHz.
This should not be confused with the internal DSP sample rate of 96 kHz.
The PLM+ digital clocking system can either generate its own internal clock, or synchronize to an incoming
external clock source via the AES3 digital input.
10.6.2. Clock Source Priorities
compatible clock signal is preset.
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For Automatic Detection, the most appropriate clock matching the selected base-rate is automatically selected
according to the following priorities.
1. AES1 (Input 1+2)
2. Internal Clock
When using automatic detection, the AES3 digital input is monitored and will switch the clock source back and
forth depending on the availability of an AES3 signal. Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for
additional information.
10.6.3. Dante Clock Configuration
Dante uses its own digital clocking technology across the Ethernet network to ensure that all Dante devices are
Master. A Dante-capable device set as Preferred Clock Master is chosen as the highest priority, followed by a
device with a valid AES3 signal, then an internally generated clock.
Dante only operates at 48 kHz or 96 kHz, with the PLM+ digital clock on all Dante Slaves being overridden by the
Dante Clock.
Master / Slave status is also displayed in the Lake Controller. The Dante Preferred Master setting can be set from
Page 88
11. Technical Specifications
11. Technical Specifications
44K02 MLP44K21 MLP44K5 MLP
5000 W
W 00002W 00021
900 W
W 0044W 0003
1250 W
W 0005W 0003
1250 W
W 0044W 0003
1250 W
W 0032W 0091
700 W
W 0511W 059
1300 W
W 0033W 0003
1250 W
W 0074W 0003
900 W
W 0044W 0044
1250 W
W 0095W 0095
1750 W
W 0064W 0064
1350 W
W 0032W 0032
700 W
W 0511W 0511
1450 W
W 0033W 0033
2000 W
W 0074W 0074
150 V
V 491V 491
30 A
A 76A 76
Lake / Dante
4
rewop tuptuo lennahc elgnis xam eht reviled ot laitnetop sah lennahc ynA)MPR( tnemeganaM rewoP lanoitaR
V 491V 571V 541
,)CD( noitcetorP tnerruC tceriD ,)FHV
( noitcetorP ycneuqerF hgiH yreV ,)LAC( retimiL egarevA tnerruCserutaef noitcetorP
Short Circuit Pro
tection, Cur rent-Clip Limiter, Voltage Clip Li miter, Temperature protection
< 0.05 %
% 50.0 <% 50.0 <
< 0.04 %
% 40.0 <% 40.0 <
> 112 dB
Bd 411 >Bd 411 >
> 70 dB
Bd 07 >Bd 07 >
+ /- 0.05 dB
Bd 50.0 -/+Bd 50.0 -/+
96 KHz / 32 bit floating point
96 kHz / 32 bit floating point 96 kHz / 32 bi t floating point
1.61 / 1.68 ms
sm 86.1 / 16.1sm 86.1 / 16.1
General
Processing / Network
Numbers of amplifier channels
Total burst powe r all channels (share amo ng channels with RPM)
Max. O utpu t Power (a
ll ch.’s driv en)
1)
2 ohms
2.67 ohms
4 ohms
8 ohms
16 ohms
Hi-Z 70 V
Hi-Z 100 V
Max ou tput p ower si ngle chan nel
1)
2 ohms
2.67 ohms
4 ohms
8 ohms
16 ohms
Hi-Z 70 V
Hi-Z 100 V
Amplifier o utpu t modul es (all m odel s, all c hannel s)
Peak output voltage
Max outpu t current
Default voltage limitation (ca n be lif ted with RPM configuration
Audio P erfo rman ce (Ampl ifier pla tfor m with dig ital i nput )
THD + N 20 Hz - 20 kHz for 1 W
THD + N at 1 kHz and 1 dB below clipping
Dynamic range
Channel separation (Crossta lk) at 1 kHz
Frequen cy response (1 W into 8
ohm, 20 Hz - 20 kHz)
Inter
nal sample rate / Data path
Product p ropagation delay AES 96 kHz / analog input
Lake proc essing
sretimil SMR dna kaep - ™xaMretimiL ,yaled ,QE ,revo-ssorc RIF/esahp-raenil/cissalC fo seludom 4 ot pUgnissecorp rekaepsduoL
System tuning Group control with Raised Cosine™ MESA EG™ asymmetr ic filters
Input redundancy / Matrix Automati c 4 level inpu t redundancy / 4 input mixers
System integration Compre hensive 3rd par ty protocol over UDP Ethernet
Measu rement & A nalysis
Pilot t
one generation and analysis
Yes
Load impedance analysis
Yes
Real Time Analyzer (RTA), 3rd party i ntegration
Yes
Dante A udio N etwor k
Dante I/O
8 X 8
Networ k topology / redundancy
Flexible topology / Supports daisy-chained and Dual redundant networks
Sample rate s / transpor t
48, 96 kHz / Uni + Multicast
Networ k latency
0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 ms
Device Preset s
100
tcudorp eht fo sgnittes eht rof snoitacol yromem lacoL
AES Inputs
Inputs
4 AES inputs
Supporte d sample rates/ resolution
44.1, 48, 88.2, 96, 176.4,
192 kHz / up to 24 bits
Sample rate conversion THD + N 20 Hz - 20 kHz unweighte d
0.00003 %
Anal og Inpu ts
Inputs 4 high quality inputs with Iso-Float™ ground isolation
Maximum input / digital reference
+ 26 dBu / +21 dBu
Sampling rate / resolution
96 kHz / 24 bit
Input impe dance bala
nced / unbalanc ed
20 k / 10 k ohm
THD + N (ty
pical at 1 k Hz unweighted)
0.00022 %
THD + N (typical at 20 Hz and 20 kHz unweighte d)
0.00033 %
Limiters
Adjustable Inter-Sample Voltage Peak Limiter (ISVPL)
17.8 - 150 V, step size 0.1 V
17.8 - 194 V, step size 0.1 V 17.8 - 194 V, step size 0.1 V
Current Peak Limiter < 300 m s
30 A peak
kaep A 76kaep A 76
Current Average Lim iter (CAL) > 300 ms
15 Arms
Arms 33Arms 33
LimiterMax (rms and peak limite rs)
MaxRM S (rms voltag e limiter)
Yes
MaxPeak (pea k voltage limiter)
Yes
88
PLM+ SERIES Operation Manual rev 3.0.1
Page 89
11. Technical Specifications
PLM+ SERIES Operation Manual rev 3.0.1
89
44K02 MLP44K21 MLP44K5 MLP
Amplifier gain Bd 1.0 ezis pets ,Bd 44 - 22
Bd 52.0 ezis pets ,Bd 0 ot fnI -rotaunetta latigiD
Rear-panel inte rfa ce
decnalab yllacinortcele ,RLX nip 3 x 4stupni golanA
AES inputs RLX nip 3 x 2
Output connectors Neutrik speakON (1 x NLT8, 2 x NLT4) or 4 binding posts (pairs)
NOCrehte 54JR x 2knilpU otuA ,0001/001 otuA
)locotorp ytrap dr3 eht( MLD ro ,erawtfos rellortnoC ekaL rof tenrehtE aiVecafretni gnirotinom dna lortnoC
nip-3 gnikcol elbahcateDdroc sniam elbahcateD
IEC rated at 250V / 16A
Neutri k powerCON 32 A N
eutrik p owerCON 32 A
r airflowaer-ot-tnorf snaf ruoFgnilooC
temperature controlled speed
Three fans front-to-rear airflow, temperature controlled speed
Front-panel interf ace
e LCDlbadaer thgilyad ,etihw / kcalB ,hcni 5.2yalpsiD
n on displayoitpircsed tluaf deliated dna DsEL BGRsrotacidni pilC / timiL / gninraW / tluaF
dedivorp 8snottub noitcnuf tfos dna etuM
ybdnatS / nOnottub rewoP ybdnatS
Mute Enable button Enable s muting of outputs and inputs v ia soft-button keypad
sweiv r
etem hguorht selggoTnottub reteM
Menu button Provide s a menu dr iven inte rface for full f unction front panel control
Rotary Encoder seY
noitcnuf ”kcab“ a sedivorPnottub tixE
Main s power
zH 66 -54 CA V 042 - 001zH 66 -54 CA V 042 - 001zH 06 -05 CA V 042 - 001egatlov lanimoN
CA V 562 - 07egatlov gnitarepO
gulp llaw sniaM NEMA L5-30 “Twist lock”
125 V / 30 A, and CEE 7/7
“Schuko” 23 0 V / 16 A
NEMA L5-30 “Twist lock”
125 V / 30 A, and CEE 7/7
“Schuko” 23 0 V / 16 A
Powe
r supply fe atur es
seYrewop hsurnI / trats tfoS
W003 > rewop sniam rof 89.0>)CFP( noitcerroC rotcaF rewoP
seYylppus rewop edom hctiws detalugeR
no figurable current threshold and breaker profile C)LEB( retimiL noitalumE rekaerB
A 23A 525 A 1dlohserht tnerruc xam LEB
seY)LAP( retimiL egarevA rewoP
seY)LVU( retimiL egatloV rednU
Mains un der voltag e and over voltage protection
and main s glitch tolerance
seY
Dimensions
, D: 424 mm (16.7"))U 2( mm 88 :H ,)"91( mm 384 :W
lenap raer ot liar kcaR
)"6.91( mm 894 :Dtroppus raer dna seldnah gnidulcni htped llarevO
Weight
)sbl 73( gk 71)sbl 63( gk 5.61)sbl 1,52( gk 4.11
Finish
Black painted steel chassis with black painted steel / aluminium front
Approvals
C
E, ANSI / UL 60 065 (E TL), CSA C22.2 NO. 60065, FCC, PSE, RCM, BIS India
Note 1): Lab.gruppen burst power (1 kHz, 25 ms burst power @ 150 BPM, 12 dB Crest factor)
All specifications are subject to change without notice.
Intercooler, Class TD and Lake are national and/or international registered trademarks of Lab.gruppen AB. PLM, Powered Loudspeaker Management, R.SMPS, LoadLibrary, LoadSmart,
SpeakerSafe, BEL, UVL and ISVPL are trademarks of Lab.gruppen AB. Dolby and the double-D symbol are registered trademarks of Dolby Laboratories. Contour, Mesa Quad EQ, Mesa Parametric
EQ, Raised Cosine Equalization, LimiterMax and Iso-Float are trademarks of Dolby Laboratories. Audinate is a registered trademark of Audinate Pty Ltd. Dante and Zen are trademarks of Audinate
Pty Ltd. All other trademarks remain the property of their respective owners.
Copyright © 2017 Music Group Innovation Sweden AB.
All rights reserved.
Selectable order CEE 7/7
“Schuko” 230V / 16 A,
NEMA 5-15 125 V /15 A
BS1363-A 250 V / 13 A,
IA16A3 250 V / 16 A,
AU/NZ 250 V / 10 A,
JP 125 V / 15 A,
CPCS-CCC 250 V / 10 A
Page 90
12. Warranty and Support
90
PLM+ SERIES Operation Manual rev 3.0.1
12. Warranty and support
12.1. General
This product is manufactured by Lab.gruppen, and it is warranted to be free from any defects caused by
components or factory workmanship, under normal use and service, for a period of ten (10) years from date of
purchase from an authorized Lab.gruppen dealer. If the product fails to perform as specified during the warranty
period, Lab.gruppen will undertake to repair, or at its option, replace this product at no charge to its owner,
provided the unit is returned undamaged, shipping prepaid, to an authorized service facility or to the factory.
This warranty shall be null and void if the product is subjected to: repair work or alteration by a person other
than those authorized by us; mechanical damage including shipping accidents; war, civil insurrection, misuse,
abuse, operation with incorrect AC voltage; incorrect connections or accessories; operation with faulty associated
equipment; or exposure to inclement weather conditions. Damage due to normal wear and tear is not covered
by the warranty. Units on which the serial number has been removed or defaced will not be eligible for warranty
service. Lab.gruppen shall not be responsible for any incidental or consequential damages. Lab.gruppen’s
responsibility is limited to the product itself. Lab.gruppen takes no responsibility for any loss due to cancellation
of any events, or rent of replacement equipment or costs due to a third party’s or customer’s loss of profit, or any
other indirect cost or losses however incurred. Lab.gruppen reserves the right to make changes or improvements
in design or manufacturing without assuming any obligation to change or improve products previously
manufactured. This warranty is exclusive, and no other warranty is expressed or implied. This warranty does not
affect the customer’s statutory rights.
International Warranties
Please contact your supplier or distributor for this information, as rights and disclaimers may vary from country
to country.
12.2. Technical assistance and service
12.2.1. International service
If your Lab.gruppen product requires repair, contact your Lab.gruppen dealer or distributor, visit
http://labgruppen.com/support or contact Lab.gruppen by phone or email to obtain details for the nearest
authorized service center.
Page 91
12. Warranty and Support
PLM+ SERIES Operation Manual rev 3.0.1
91
12.3.2. Factory Service
In the event a Lab.gruppen product requires factory service, you may contact Lab.gruppen’s service department
for return instructions and a Return Authorization number.
Please note for product return:
1. Use the original packing.
2. Include a copy of the sales receipt, your name, return address, phone and fax number, email address and
description of the defect.
3. Mark the Return Authorization number on the outside of the packing.
4. Ship the product prepaid to:
Lab.gruppen
Faktorvägen 1
SE-434 37 Kungsbacka
SWEDEN
Phone: +46 300 56 28 00
service@labgruppen.com
www.labgruppen.com
Page 92
Intercooler, Class TD and Lake are national and/or international registered trademarks of Lab.gruppen AB. PLM+, Powered Loudspeaker
Management, R.SMPS, LoadLibrary, LoadSmart, SpeakerSafe, ISVPL, BEL, UVL and CAL are trademarks of Lab.gruppen AB. Dolby is a
registered trademark of Dolby Laboratories. Raised Cosine Equalization, LimiterMax and Iso-Float are trademarks of Dolby Laboratories.
Audinate is a registered trademark of Audinate Pty Ltd. Dante and Zen are trademarks of Audinate Pty Ltd. All other trademarks remain the
property of their respective owners.
Copyright © 2017 MUSIC Group Innovation Sweden AB. All rights reserved.
labgruppen.com
Item no. OM-PLM+
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