Lab.gruppen PLM 20000Q User Manual
Operation Manual
PLM™ Series
Powered Loudspeaker Management™ systems
Rev 1.2.3
Item: OM-PLM
Important Safety Instructions
1. Important Safety Instructions
Before using the device, be sure to carefully read the Safety Instruc tions. Keep this document with the device at all times.
1.1 Important Safety Instructions
1. Read these instructions.
2. Keep these instructions.
3. Heed all warnings.
4. Follow all instructions.
5. Do not use this apparatus near water.
6. Clean only with a dry cloth.
7. Do not block any ventilation openings. Install in accordance
with the manufacturer’s instructions.
8. Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators, heat
registers, stoves, or other apparatus (including ampliers)
that produce heat.
9. Do not defeat the safety purpose of the polarized or
grounding-type plug. A polarized plug has two blades with
one wider than the other. A grounding-type plug has two
blades and a third grounding prong. The wide blade or
the third prong is provided for your safety. If the provided
plug does not t into your outlet, consult an electrician for
replacement of the obsolete outlet.
10. Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched,
particularly at plugs, convenience receptacles, and the point
where they exit from the apparatus.
11. Only use attachments/accessories specied by the
manufacturer.
12. Use only with a cart, stand, tripod, bracket, or table specied
by the manufacturer, or sold with the apparatus. When a
cart is used, use caution when moving the car t/apparatus
combination to avoid injury from tip-over.
13. Unplug this apparatus during lightning storms or when
unused for long periods of time.
14. Refer all servicing to qualied service personnel. Servicing
is required when the apparatus has been damaged in any
way, such as power-supply cord or plug is damaged, liquid
has been spilled or objects have fallen into the apparatus, the
apparatus has been exposed to rain or moisture, does not
operate normally, or has been dropped.
15. Use the mains plug to disconnect the apparatus from the
mains.
16. WARNING: To reduce the risk of re of electric shock, do not
expose this apparatus to rain or moisture.
17. Do not expose this equipment to dripping or splashing and
ensure that no objects lled with liquids, such as vases, are
placed on the equipment.
18. The mains plug of the power supply cord shall remain readily
operable.
19. Do not connect the unit’s output to any other voltage source,
such as battery, mains source, or power supply, regardless
of whether the unit is turned on or off.
20. Do not remove the top (or bottom) cover. Removal of the
cover will expose hazardous voltages. There are no user
serviceable par ts inside and removal may void the warranty.
21. An experienced user shall always supervise this professional
audio equipment, especially if inexperienced adults or
minors are using the equipment.
22. The US National Differences clause 16.3 requires that
network cables must be ame rated V W-1.
To prevent electric shock do not remove top or bottom covers.
No user serviceable parts inside, refer servicing to qualied
service personnel.
À prévenir le choc électrique n’enlevez pas les couvercles. Il n’y a
pas des parties serviceable à l’intérieur, tous reparations doit etre
faire par personnel qualié seulment.
To completely disconnect this equipment from the AC mains,
disconnect the power supply cord plug from the AC receptacle.
The mains plug of the power supply cord shall remain readily
operable.
Pour démonter complètement l’équipement de l’alimentation
générale, démonter le câble d’alimentation de son réceptacle. La
prise d’alimentation restera aisément fonctionnelle.
1.2 Standards
This equipment conforms to the requirements of the EMC Directive 2004/108/EC
and the requirements of the Low Voltage
Directive 2006/95/EC.
Standards applied: EMC Emission
EN55103 -1, E3
EMC Immunity EN55103-2, E3, with S/N
below 1% at normal operation level.
Electrical Safety EN60 06 5, Class I
This equipment is tested and listed according to the U.S. safety standard ANSI/ UL
60065 and Canadian safety standard CSA
C22.2 NO. 60065. Intertek made the tests
and they are a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL).
1.3 Explanation of Graphical Symbols
The lightning bolt triangle is used to alert the user to
the presence of un -insulated “dangerous voltages”
within the unit’s chassis that may be of sufcient
magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock to
humans.
The exclamation point triangle is used to alert the
user to presence of important operating and service
instructions in the literature accompanying the
product.
PLM Series Operation Manual rev 1.2.3
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Important Safety Instructions
1.4 WARNING
To reduce risk of re or electric shock, do not expose this apparatus to rain or moisture.
Pour réduire les risques de blessure ou le choc électrique, n’exposez pas l’appareil à la pluie ou à l’ humidité.
Do not expose this system/apparatus to dripping or splashing and ensure that no objects lled with liquids, such
as vases, are placed on the apparatus.
L’appareil ne doit pas être exposé à des egouttements d’eau ou des éclaboussures et de plus qu’aucun objet
rempli de liquide tel que des vases ne doit pas être placé sur l’appareil.
This apparatus must be connected to a mains socket outlet with a protective earthing connection.
Cet appareil doi t être raccordé á une prise de courant qui est branchée à la terre.
The mains plug is used as a disconnect device and shall remain readily operable.
Lorsque la prise du réseau d’alimentation est utilisés comme dispositif de déconnexion, ce dispositif doit
demeuré aisément accessible.
1.5 CAUTION
To reduce the risk of re or electric shock, do not remove screws. No user-ser viceable parts inside.
Refer servicing to qualied service personnel.
Pour réduire le risque d’incendie ou de choc électrique, ne pas retirer les vis. Aucune pièce réparable par
l’utilisateur. Coner l’entretien àpersonnel qualié.
1.6 FCC Compliance Notice (Radio Interference)
A sample of this product has been tested and complies with the limits for the European Electro Magnetic
Compatibility (EMC) directive. This equipment has also been tested and found to comply with the limits for a
Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference from electrical equipment. This product uses radio frequency energy
and if not used or installed in accordance with these operating instructions, may cause interference to other
equipment, such as radio receivers.
However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment
does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the
equipment on and off, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the
following measures:
▸ Reorient or relocate the antenna.
▸ Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
▸ Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
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PLM Series Operation Manual rev 1.2.3
Important Safety Instructions
▸ Check if the affected unit complies with the EMC limits for immunity, (CE-labeled). If not, address the
problem with the manufacturer or supplier. All electrical products sold in the EC must be approved for
immunity against electromagnetic elds, high voltage ashes, and radio interference.
▸ Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/ T V technician for help.
1.7 User Responsibility
1.7.1 Mains Connection Grounding
Your apparatus must be connected to a grounded socket outlet.
1.7.2 Speaker Output Hazard on Ampliers
Ampliers are capable of producing hazardous output voltages. To avoid electrical shock, do not touch
any exposed speaker wiring while the amplier is operating. The external wiring connected to the speaker
terminals shall be installed by a qualied person, or ready-made leads or cords of appropriate capacity shall
be used.
As the power output channels on ampliers produce high voltage, do not connect or disconnect
speaker cables when the mains power is on.
1.7.3 Speaker Damage
Amplier apparatus is very powerful and can be potentially dangerous to both loudspeakers and humans
alike. Many loudspeakers can be easily damaged or destroyed by overpowering them. Always check the
speaker’s continuous and peak power capabilities. Although the ampliers attenuators can be used to
reduce the overall gain, an increase of the input signal can result in full output power, which may cause
damage to connected speakers.
1.7.4 Maintenance
For safe and reliable operation, the dust lters on both sides of the front panel, behind the grilles, should be
removed and cleaned regularly to ensure maximum airow through the device.
If the dust lters are not maintained there will be safety risks; for example, high internal temperatures
could ignite the dust and start a re. There is also a risk that the unit will malfunction since it is dependent
on constant airow from front to rear. If the dust lters are not clean and the unit malfunctions, any resulting
problems will not be covered by the warranty.
PLM Series Operation Manual rev 1.2.3
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Table of Contents
1. Important Safety Instructions ................................................................................................................i
1.1 Important Safety Instructions ............................................................................................................... i
1.2 Standards ..............................................................................................................................................i
1.3 Explanation of Graphical Symbols ......................................................................................................... i
1.4 WARNING ............................................................................................................................................ ii
1.5 CAUTION ............................................................................................................................................. ii
1.6 FCC Compliance Notice (Radio Interference) ....................................................................................... ii
1.7 User Responsibility ..............................................................................................................................iii
2. Welcome ...................................................................................................................................................1
2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1
2.2 Main Features ......................................................................................................................................1
2.3 Additional Documentation .................................................................................................................... 3
3. Installation ................................................................................................................................................ 4
3.1 Unpacking ............................................................................................................................................4
3.2 Mounting .............................................................................................................................................. 4
3.3 Cooling .................................................................................................................................................6
3.4 Operating Voltage ................................................................................................................................6
3.5 Grounding ............................................................................................................................................. 7
4. Product Overview ....................................................................................................................................9
4.1 Front Panel Overview ........................................................................................................................... 9
4.2 Back Panel Overview ......................................................................................................................... 12
5. Operation and Performance ................................................................................................................. 16
5.1 Operation Precautions ........................................................................................................................ 16
5.2 Power Output Performance ............................................................................................................... 16
5.3 Amplier and Load Protection Systems ............................................................................................. 18
5.4 Power Supply .....................................................................................................................................25
6. Signal Flow and Lake® Processing .......................................................................................................26
6.1 Signal Flow ........................................................................................................................................ 26
6.2 Lake Processing and Control .............................................................................................................. 28
6.3 Modules and Frames ........................................................................................................................28
6.4 Loudspeaker Crossover Conguration Overview ............................................................................... 29
6.5 Files and Presets ................................................................................................................................30
7. Front Panel Interface ............................................................................................................................. 31
7.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................................31
7.2 Front Panel Key Lock ..........................................................................................................................32
7.3 Power Button .................................................................................................................................. 32
7.4 Mute Enable Button .......................................................................................................................... 33
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PLM Series Operation Manual rev 1.2.3
7.5 Meter Button .....................................................................................................................................33
7.6 Menu Button ...................................................................................................................................... 33
7.7 Exit Button
7.8 Dynamic Buttons, Controls and LEDs ................................................................................................34
7.9 Warning and Fault Indications ............................................................................................................ 39
7.10 Meter Mode ....................................................................................................................................... 42
7.11 Menu Mode .......................................................................................................................................46
8. Back Panel Interface ..............................................................................................................................63
8.1 Speaker Outputs ................................................................................................................................63
8.2 Analog Inputs and Outputs ................................................................................................................68
8.3 AES3 Digital I/O ................................................................................................................................70
8.4 RJ45 etherCON Network Connections .............................................................................................. 71
8.5 Power Inlet ......................................................................................................................................... 72
9. Appendix ................................................................................................................................................. 73
9.1 Faults and Warnings Overview ..........................................................................................................73
9.2 Maintenance ......................................................................................................................................77
9.3 Factory Default Settings.....................................................................................................................77
9.4 Current Draw and Thermal Dissipation Specications ....................................................................... 78
9.5 Glossary of Terms, Acronyms and Abbreviations ..............................................................................82
........................................................................................................................................33
10. Application Guide ..................................................................................................................................85
10.1 Rack I/O Panels ..................................................................................................................................85
10.2 Power Distribution..............................................................................................................................85
10.3 Gain Structure ....................................................................................................................................86
10.4 Gain / Level Optimization ...................................................................................................................88
10.5 Speaker Congurations ...................................................................................................................... 91
10.6 Digital Audio Connections .................................................................................................................. 92
10.7 Digital Clock Conguration ................................................................................................................. 95
11. Technical Specications .......................................................................................................................97
12. Warranty and Support ..........................................................................................................................98
12.1 General ..............................................................................................................................................98
12.2 International Warranties .....................................................................................................................98
12.3 Technical Assistance and Service ......................................................................................................98
12.4 Trademarks .........................................................................................................................................99
PLM Series Operation Manual rev 1.2.3
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Welcome
2. Welcome
2.1 Introduction
Thank you for choosing the Lab.gruppen PLM Series of Powered Loudspeaker Management systems for
your sound reinforcement needs. We are condent that you will be pleased with the performance, unique
features, conguration exibility, reliability, and long-term durability offered by this product.
For fast installation and use of this product, your welcome package includes a printed copy of the
PLM Series Quick Start & Field Reference Guide which contains the information required to safely install the
product and place it in service. Control and editing features are accessible via the front panel interface or via
the included Lake Controller software.
It is recommend that the Quick Start & Field Reference Guide and all product documentation on the
included CD-ROM is reviewed to ensure familiarity with the various conguration and control options.
Thank you again for placing your condence in Lab.gruppen products.
2.2 Main Features
The PLM Series incorporates a number of sophisticated technologies to ensure the best possible performance and many years of reliable operation. The following section summarizes the benets of each feature;
additional information is available in the reference manuals.
2.2.1 Amplier Platform
The PLM Series power output section has expanded upon Lab.gruppen’s robust, road-proven
FP+ Series ampliers. Features in common with the FP+ Series include extraordinary power density,
patented Class TD® output stages, Regulated Switch Mode Power Supply (R.SMPS™), the high-efciency
Intercooler® copper-nned cooling system, and a full suite of protection features. Signal inputs are analog,
AES digital, and Dante digital audio network; loop-through outputs or redundant pairs are provided for each
input type.
Please refer to section 5.3 for further information.
2.2.2 Amplier DSP (Digital Signal Processor)
Various features of PLM Series devices are controlled by the on-board DSP, some of which are summarized
in this section.
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Welcome
2.2.2.1 Input Gain (Sensitivity)
Input gain (sensitivity) is set in the digital domain for PLM Series devices, and may be controlled via the
Lake Controller software or front-panel interface.
2.2.2.2 ISVPL
The Inter-Sample Voltage Peak Limiter (ISVPL) tailors each power output to the characteristics of the
connected load. Please refer to section 5.3.1 for further information.
™
2.2.2.3 Load Verication & Performance Monitoring
A comprehensive set of proprietary DSP-based tools are provided for load verication and real-time performance monitoring. These functions utilize LoadLibrary, a comprehensive database for each loudspeaker
component of the connected load (usually one or more band-limited drivers in a multi-way system).
Using this data and a brief test signal, LoadSmart compares actual response to predicted response, identifying any malfunctioning components or connection errors. During the performance, SpeakerSafe™ monitors
real-time load status, including temperatures of the PLM amplier stages as well as magnets and voice
coils of connected loudspeakers. This allows operators to avoid power compression and identify potential
problems.
Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual for detailed information on PLM Series load verication
and real-time performance monitoring functionality.
2.2.3 Lake Processing and Controller
PLM Series devices integrate seamlessly into the Lake Processing environment. Two processing modules
offer precise settings for gain, delay, crossover settings, equalization and limiting. Lake processing features
incorporated in each module include Raised Cosine Equalization™, linear phase crossovers, and LimiterMax™
loudspeaker protection. The Super Module feature allows hardware processing modules in two or more
separate devices to function as a single module in the Lake Controller software. Please refer to the
Lake Controller Operation Manual for further information.
2.2.4 Lake Analyzer Bridge
Lake Controller software provides integration with third-party real-time analyzers, providing simultaneous
measurement display and EQ adjustment via the Lake Controller.
The third-party measurement tools that can be integrated via the Analyzer Bridge include:
▸ Smaart Live Version 5.4
▸ Live-Capture Light / Live-Capture Pro
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PLM Series Operation Manual rev 1.2.3
Welcome
Smaart, distributed and supported by Rational Acoustics, provides real-time sound system measurement,
optimization and control. Smaart combines several powerful audio frequency measurement and analysis
tools.
Live-Capture, created by WaveCapture, offers easy-to-use software and measurement tools for sound
engineers, installers, consultants and designers. The Lake Analyzer Bridge in conjunction with Live-Capture
Light provides a completely free spectrum analyzer via your Lake Controller software interface.
2.2.5 Dante™ Audio Network
PLM Series devices include Dante digital audio networking as standard. Utilizing the latest advances in
Ethernet technology, Dante offers simplied system conguration and extremely low latency while delivering very high quality uncompressed digital audio across the Lake network. The Zen™ automatic conguration
feature enables plug-and-play setup without third-party DHCP or DNS servers. Dante is compatible with
high-bandwidth networks, allowing large numbers of audio channels to be distributed alongside control and
analyzer data.
2.3 Additional Documentation
This document, the PLM Series Operation Manual, serves as the primary reference source for detailed
information on the installation and operation of PLM Series Powered Loudspeaker Management systems. It
also provides detailed information on set-up and conguration using the front-panel interface.
If you intend to use the device as part of a networked system, or access features via the Lake Controller,
please refer to the various supporting documents which can be located via these methods:
▸ Start > Programs > Lake Controller > Documentation (after installing Lake Controller software)
▸ On the Installer CD-ROM or the downloaded software installer
▸ Online at: http://labgruppen.com/index.php/products/documentation/
PLM Series Operation Manual rev 1.2.3
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Installation
3. Installation
3.1 Unpacking
Carefully open the shipping carton and check for any damage to the device or the supplied accessories.
Every Lab.gruppen product is tested and inspected before leaving the factory and should arrive in perfect
condition. If any damage is discovered, please notify the shipping company immediately. Only the consignee
may initiate a claim with the carrier or their insurers for damage incurred during shipping. Save the carton
and packing materials for the carrier’s inspection.
In addition to the PLM, the shipping carton include the following items:
▸ PLM Series Quick Start & Field Reference Guide
▸ AC mains lead (power cable) with Neutrik® powerCON® connector
▸ Rear brackets for additional rack support (pair) along with associated mounting hardware
▸ Software Installer and Documentation CD-ROM
Please keep the original carton and associated packaging to facilitate shipping of the device should the need
arise.
3.2 Mounting
Airow for cooling the PLM is from front panel (intake) to rear panel (exit). Please ensure that no object,
such as rack doors or lids are placed at the front or rear of the rack to ensure that airow is maximized. This
device has no top or bottom vents and therefore may be stacked directly on top of each other.
Sufcient space should be available at the front of the rack to accommodate the handles, and at the rear to
accommodate connectors and cables; allowance must be made for cable or loom bends within a rack.
3.2.1 Rear Mounting
Two rear support brackets along with associated mounting hardware are included with the PLM, as shown
in Figure 3-1; it is recommended that these are used wherever possible. Fit the brackets to the vertical rails
at the rear of the rack. Figure 3-2 and Figure 3-3 show the tting options for xed and removable installation.
The support brackets are reversible and may be tted to point either to the front or rear of the rack; the
orientation used depends on the rack depth and position of the rear rack rails.
Two mounting methods are possible; note that the method shown in Figure 3-2 additionally provides extra
security against unauthorized removal. For situations where rapid removal and replacement is required, the
method shown in Figure 3-3 should be used.
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PLM Series Operation Manual rev 1.2.3
Figure 3-1: Rear Support Bracket and Mounting Hardware
Installation
Figure 3-2: Use the Washer for Fixed Installations
Figure 3-3: Use Tube for Slide-On Installation
PLM Series Operation Manual rev 1.2.3
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Installation
3.3 Cooling
3.3.1 Overview
The PLM Series devices use a forced-air cooling system with airow from front to rear, allowing high
continuous power levels without thermal problems. Front-to-rear airow is preferable as air at the front of
a rack is cooler than that at the rear in nearly all situations; never attempt to reverse the airow. The operation of the PLM’s cooling system is dependent on front-to-rear airow; it will not function effectively with
external airow in the opposite direction.
Make sure an adequate air supply is provided in front of the PLM, and that the rear of the PLM has
sufcient space to allow air to escape. If the PLM is rack-mounted, never operate the unit with any front or
rear rack doors or covers in position. It is recommended to keep the ambient temperature around the PLM
as cool as possible. An increased temperature can have a signicant negative impact on the expected
lifetime on the components inside the PLM.
Fit solid blanks (not ventilation blanks) to unused
rack spaces to ensure effective air circulation.
Leaving gaps in between items of equipment
degrades the effectiveness of forced-air cooling.
If installing one or more PLM Series devices in a rack with other fan-cooled equipment, be sure that all
the other equipment also uses front-to-rear airow for cooling. If this precaution is not observed, there is a
risk of overheating, as units with the reverse airow will be drawing in air which has already been heated by
the PLMs.
3.3.2 Temperature Sensing and Protection
The PLM is equipped with a sophisticated temperature sensing system which protects it from any overheating which may occur as a result of inadequate ventilation.
Always ensure the dust lters behind the detachable front panel are clean to ensure maximum
possible airow.
3.4 Operating Voltage
The label adjacent to the mains (AC) input connector indicates the AC mains voltage for which the
device is wired and approved. The PLM 10000Q and PLM 14000 devices are available in separate 115 V and
230 V versions; the PLM 20000Q is only available with a universal power supply operating from 80 to 265 V.
Only connect the mains cable (AC cord) to an AC source of the voltage shown on the label.
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PLM Series Operation Manual rev 1.2.3
Installation
The PLM uses primary switching, which means the mains power is rectied on the primary side of the
transformer. This makes the power supply insensitive to mains frequency variation, and it will operate
normally on line frequencies from 45 to 75 Hz.
If the mains plug (AC plug) tted to the mains cable (AC cord) is not appropriate for your country, it can be
removed and a locally-sourced one tted instead, observing the color coding in the table below:
powerCON Pin 230 V Version 115 V Version
L Brown Black
N Blue White
Green/ Yellow Green
Table 3-1: AC Plug Conguration
If you are not 100% condent of your competence to replace the mains plug (AC plug), the task should
be carried out by qualied personnel.
Once a suitable AC power supply is connected, the device can be turned on using the front panel power
button. When turned on, a diagnostic routine is performed and the power button LED changes from red
(Standby) to green (Active).
In-rush current is controlled and limited during the
soft-start sequence. This enables multiple PLMs on
the same AC mains circuit to be turned on
simultaneously.
3.5 Grounding
Analog inputs feature Iso-Float™ ground isolation, a technology which combines the benets of transformercoupled isolation with the advantages of clean, direct-coupled inputs.
The audio converters are galvanically isolated, and not connected to the main ground. High-speed transformers and opto-isolators create a barrier between the device and the outside electrical environment.
The Iso-Float feature is activated by default, but
may be disabled via the Lake Controller software,
or via the front panel menu.
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Installation
Use correctly-shielded balanced audio input connections to minimise hum and interference. Please refer to
section 8.2.4 for further information.
NEVER disconnect the earth (ground) pin on the mains cable (AC power cord).
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PLM Series Operation Manual rev 1.2.3
Product Overview
4. Product Overview
This chapter provides and overview of key features and functionality. For further information please see
chapters 5 to 10 of this Operation Manual.
4.1 Front Panel Overview
Figure 4-1: PLM Front Panel Overview
The front panel controls are clustered around a daylight readable LCD , allowing adjustment and monitoring of the majority parameters and meters. The two clusters of controls on either side of the LCD include
ve dedicated function buttons , eight dynamic function buttons with embedded LEDs
and a rotary data encoder .
Handles
Two sturdy metal handles are tted to the front panel. The handles should be used when carrying the
device, and when tting it in or removing it from a rack. Ensure that any door or removable rack front cover
has sufcient depth to clear the handles.
Dust Filters
Two dust lters are tted behind metal covers. To remove the covers, loosen the thumbscrews located
behind the handles. Once detached, the dust lter elements can be removed for cleaning; please refer to
section 9.2 for further information.
NEVER operate this device without the dust lters
in place.
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Product Overview
Display
The display illuminates when the device is on. The LCD, function buttons, and the rotary encoder provide
real-time control and monitoring of most parameters. The LEDs embedded in the function buttons indicate
available menu options, provide conrmation of Controller communication, and indicate various faults and
warnings.
The brightness and contrast of the display and front panel LEDs can be adjusted via the front panel menu.
Please refer to chapter 7 for further details.
Standby
PLM Series devices are powered on and to standby using the top-left button, or via the Lake Controller.
Mute Enable
Select MUTE ENABLE to allow the dynamic function buttons to operate as mute controls for the Module
inputs and power output channels. The MUTE ENABLE button ashes when the mode is selected; a
subsequent press deselects this mode. If left activated, MUTE ENABLE mode will automatically disable two
minutes after the last mute action.
Meter
The METER button scrolls through four alternative meter views: Home View, Module View, Temperature
View and Input View. Pressing METER from Menu Mode returns the screen to Meter Mode with Home
View displayed. Please refer to section 7.5 for further details.
Menu
After pressing the MENU button, the LCD will display the top level menu. In Menu Mode the function
buttons enable access to various information and functions. Please refer to section 7.6 for further details.
Dynamic Function Buttons with LEDs (Left of LCD)
The function of these buttons change according to the currently selected view or menu.
▸ In Menu Mode they are used for menu navigation and for parameter selection
▸ In Meter Mode they provide Module input mute/unmute functionality in conjunction MUTE ENABLE
The LED in the top button provides Frame fault and warning indications. The middle two buttons provide
Module input mute functionality, mute indication and faults and warning indications relating to the PLM
inputs. The bottom button is used only in Menu Mode or to lock the front panel buttons.
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PLM Series Operation Manual rev 1.2.3
Product Overview
Please refer to chapter 7 for further details.
Dynamic Function Buttons with LEDs (Right of LCD)
The function of these buttons change according to the currently selected view or menu.
▸ In Menu Mode they are used for menu navigation and for parameter selection
▸ In Meter Mode they provide PLM output mute/unmute functionality in conjunction MUTE ENABLE
All LEDs provides mute, clip, fault and warning indications for the PLM power outputs channels.
Please refer to chapter 7 for further details.
Communication LED
The high-intensity white LED illuminates white to indicate that the Module/Frame is selected in the
Lake Controller; it ashes white to indicate communication with the Lake Controller.
The brightness of the LCD and communications LED can be adjusted in the Frame page of the Main Menu
on the front panel.
Rotary Encoder
The rotary encoder is used to modify various parameters (e.g. input level) via the menu. When a menu item
is selected that permits adjustment of parameter values, the ring around the rotary encoder illuminates. In
Home View the encoder can be used to scroll through the Meter Views.
Exit
The EXIT button is used primarily while navigating the menu system in Menu Mode; pressing EXIT will
return the menu up one level. In Meter Mode, pressing EXIT returns the metering display to the default
Home View.
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Product Overview
4.2 Back Panel Overview
Figure 4-2: Back Panel Layout Options for a 4-channel PLM
Figure 4-3: Back Panel Layout Options for a 2-channel PLM
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PLM Series Operation Manual rev 1.2.3
Product Overview
4.2.1 Input and Link Connectors
Analog Inputs
Analog inputs are available on two standard XLR3F latching connectors. The inputs are electronically
balanced and feature Lake Iso-Float circuitry. The impedance is 20 kohms, and the inputs can accept a
maximum input level of +26 dBu.
Analog Links
Two latching XLR3M connectors are tted adjacent to the analog input connectors. These are paralleled to
the input connectors to provide an unprocessed analog loop-through to feed additional PLM Series units, or
other equipment.
AES3 Inputs
A latching XLR3F connector is provided which accepts an AES3 digital audio signal. Input impedance is 110
ohms, please ensure that 110 ohm digital audio cables are used; standard XLR microphone cables are rarely
suitable for reliable digital audio transmission.
AES3 is a stereo digital format, and therefore both
PLM inputs are fed via a single connector. Selection
of the analog or digital inputs is made via the front
panel display or control software.
AES3 Link
A latching XLR3M connector is tted adjacent to the AES3 input connector. This is paralleled to the input
connector to provide an unprocessed AES3 loop-thru to feed further PLMs, or other equipment. An AES3
110 ohm termination load is enabled by default when the PLM is the last unit connected within an AES3
daisy-chained system. The termination may be disabled, if desired, via the front panel menu and within the
Lake Controller software.
4.2.2 Output Connectors
The PLM is available with a choice of connectors for power outputs: binding posts or Neutrik speakON®.
Both connection methods allow for Bridge Mode operation, which is activated from the Lake Controller
software. Please refer to the Lake Controller Operation Manual and section 8.1.1 of this Operation Manual
for further information on Bridge Mode.
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Product Overview
Binding Posts
In this version, the power outputs for loudspeaker connection are available on four separate pairs of fully
enclosed binding posts. Bridge Mode can be enabled via the Lake Controller software, please refer to the
Lake Controller Operation Manual for further information.
Channel conguration for the binding posts is dependent on the PLM model, please refer to section 8.1.3 of
this Operation Manual for standard and Bridge Mode wiring.
speakON Connectors
The speakON connector conguration differs on 2-channel and 4-channel PLM models.
On 4-channel models, the power outputs are simultaneously available on a single 8-pole speakON connector, and on two 4-pole speakON connectors. The two 4-pole connectors carry the outputs of channels 1 & 2
and 3 & 4 respectively.
On 2-channel PLM models the two power output channels are available simultaneously on two 4-pole
speakON connectors. Both connectors carry both channels. The second connector offers the channels in
reverse order.
Bridge Mode can be enabled via the Lake Controller software, please refer to the Lake Controller Operation
Manual and to section 8.1.2 of this Operation Manual for further details on standard and Bridge Mode wiring
for speakON connectors.
4.2.3 Ethernet and Power Connectors
Primary Network Connector
The primary Neutrik RJ45 etherCON® connection provides integration into an Ethernet control network
which may include other Lake Processors and the Lake Controller software. Network connection permits full
control of all functions along with real-time metering from a remote position. This device supports the Dante
audio networking protocol, which allows transmission of multichannel, high-denition digital audio over the
same Ethernet connection.
Use the primary connector when using a star network topology, consisting of individual Cat-5e connections
between the devices and an Ethernet switch. Alternatively this connection can be used to daisy chain
directly to another Lake Processor. The daisy chain topology should not be used with Dante.
For a technical reference of the Ethernet Port, please refer to section 8.4. Additional information is available
in the Lake Network Conguration Guide.
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The Ethernet ports operate at the Ethernet data rate of 100 Mbps, and
allow straight or crossed network cables. Two LEDs above each port
indicate valid network connection (LINK) and network activity (ACT).
Secondary Connector
The secondary network connector can be used to daisy-chain multiple PLM Series, LM 26 and legacy Lake
devices. Alternatively, a Dante dual-network topology can be created by connecting all secondary network
connectors to a separate Ethernet switch, ensuring full redundancy in the event of a network component
failure.
Additional processor conguration is required for a
dual redundant network setup. See the Lake
Controller Operation Manual for further details.
For a technical reference of the Ethernet Port, please refer to section 8.4. Additional information is available
in the Lake Network Conguration Guide.
When connecting multiple devices to an Ethernet
network, care must be taken NOT to create a
closed loop which causes network malfunction.
Mains Power Connector
The mains power AC input is via a Neutrik powerCON connector, rated at 32 A.
The power supply must be connected to AC mains using a power cable with a correctly wired plug for the
country of operation.
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Operation and Performance
5. Operation and Performance
This chapter provides comprehensive information on PLM Series connection, setup, operation and performance. The detailed information included here is essential to realizing the full functionality of the PLM Series
devices.
5.1 Operation Precautions
Make sure that the Standby button on the PLM’s front panel is either unlit (OFF), or red (STANDBY), before
making any input or output connections.
Ensure the AC voltage matches that printed on the label adjacent to the AC mains connector.
Ensure no input signal is present when powering on the PLM to reduce the risk of any inadvertent bursts of
high level audio.
5.2 Power Output Performance
The PLM uses Lab.gruppen’s patented Class TD technology in the output stages, which couples the efciency of Class D topologies to the sonic purity of Class B designs.
The primary benet is that Lab.gruppen’s Class TD works perfectly under all load conditions. The output
maintains its at frequency response even into complex loads with very low nominal impedances. Reliability
is very high, and there is no interference with nearby RF equipment. Superior efciency allows greater
power density while minimizing cooling requirements, yet sound quality matches that of the best Class B
designs.
5.2.1 Symmetrical Power
The PLM models can deliver power as shown in Table 5-1 when all channels are driven equally.
Load Impedance (ohms) 2.0 2.7 4 8 16
PLM 10000Q
Max. Output power (Watts)
PLM 14000
Max. Output power (Watts)
PLM 20000Q
Max. Output power (Watts)
2350 2700 2300 1300 660
7000 6000 4300 2300 1150
4800 5000 4440 2300 1150
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Table 5-1: Symmetrical Load Power Ratings
Operation and Performance
5.2.2 Asymmetrical Power
The PLM models can deliver power as shown in Table 5-2 when every other channel is driven 3 dB lower
than the other. This can occur when the load on the individual power output channels within the amplier
contain different frequency ranges.
Load Impedance (ohms) 2.0 2.7 4 8 16
PLM 10000Q
Max. Output power (Watts)
PLM 14000
Max. Output power (Watts)
PLM 20000Q
Max. Output power (Watts)
Table 5-2: Asymmetrical Load Power Ratings
2350 2900 2400 1300 660
7500 6300 4400 2300 1150
5000 5550 4500 2300 1150
5.2.3 Power Over Time
Power ratings given above are applicable for PLMs running at these levels for a period of 60 minutes. Due
to thermal considerations in the power supply and elsewhere, it is possible to draw higher power levels for
a shorter period of time. The graph below illustrates, for the example PLM 10000Q, how the rated power
gures are derived and the higher short-term capability.
Peak output voltage at “max power burst”
Figure 5-1: Power Rating Levels Over Time (PLM 10000Q)
Power ratings are based on a duty cycle of 25 ms full power every 400 ms. Between bursts, a lower signal
level applies, such that the continuous average power is 1/8th of the rated power.
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Operation and Performance
In reality, when some channels are delivering less than maximum rated power, energy reserves in the PSU
are available to permit other channels to deliver more power. The graph shows the peak output voltage over
time for a continuous sine wave is applied.
If all four channels are driven with the same signal into the same impedance (solid red line), then the rail
voltage (dotted red line) will drop faster than when two channels are delivering maximum power (solid blue
line) and two channels are delivering half-power (solid orange line). This is termed asymmetric loading; the
rail voltage for this is indicated by the dotted blue line.
It can be seen that higher power output is available for 25 ms bursts with asymmetric loading.
5.3 Amplier and Load Protection Systems
The PLM is equipped with a comprehensive set of protection circuits. If operating conditions become sufciently extreme that any of these circuits become active, indication is provided by LEDs in one or more soft
function buttons 5-8, together with adjacent warning text. In addition to this, notication is also presented
within the Lake Controller software and within system log les.
5.3.1 Inter-Sample Voltage Peak Limiter (ISVPL)
The ISVPL is a high quality voltage limiter that can deliver seamless limitation to any desired level. Its
ensures that the voltage at the output terminals never exceeds the dened threshold.
It operates on these principles:
▸ The signal is delayed slightly to allow the ISVPL to look-ahead and reduce the gain before voltage in
excess of the threshold can appear at the output. This results in zero voltage overshoot at the output
with a rounded limitation up to the threshold.
▸ The amplitude of the output signal between digital samples is predicted which permits the ISVPL to
respond to analog peaks that may occur at the digital to analog converter.
▸ The release time of gain reduction is adaptive depending on the dynamics of the signal.
It is possible to select different ISVPL proles for limiting optimization for a specic frequency band and
personal preference. The proles are divided into two categories, with one category optimized for low
distortion and the other focusing on producing high sound pressure level (SPL). Within each category there
are proles optimized for the different frequency bands.
5.3.1.1 Low Distortion Proles
▸ Universal – The universal prole is a soft limiter that can be used for all frequencies and is conservative
in its action upon VCL and CPL.
▸ Sub/LF – The Sub/LF prole is tuned for frequency bands below 600Hz. It has longer attack and release
times and is less conservative when it comes to acting upon VCL and CPL.
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5.3.1.2 High SPL Proles
High SPL proles do not use the adaptive release time feature. High SPL proles optimized for high frequencies use less of the look-ahead delay peak-rounding feature; this feature is used most in the Sub prole and
least the HF prole.
▸ Sub - The Sub prole is optimized for frequencies between 20 - 200 Hz
▸ LF - The LF prole is optimized for frequencies between 20 - 1200 Hz
▸ MF - The MF prole is optimized for frequencies between 300 - 6000 Hz
▸ HF - The HF prole is optimized for frequencies above 1 kHz
Table 5-3 shows the theoretical maximum output power for a given load impedance and ISVPL setting.
An ISVPL-to-load calculator that will assist in generating the
appropriate ISVPL setting for a desired power load is available
at www.labgruppen.com/plm
MAX. SINEWAVE BURST POWER (Watts)
Load Impedance (ohms)
ISVPL SETTING (V
194 9409 7048 4705 2352 1176
193 9312 6984 4656 2328 1164
181 8190 6143 4095 2048 1024
167 6972 5229 3486 1743 872
153 5852 4389 2926 1463 732
121 3660 2745 1830 915 458
101 2550 1913 1275 638 319
83 1722 1292 861 431 215
70 1225 919 613 306 153
56 784 588 392 196 98
47 552 414 276 138 69
38 361 271 181 90 45
17.8 79 59 40 20 10
peak)
2 2.67 4 8 16
Table 5-3: ISVPL-to-output examples
These ratings shown in Table 5-3 are limited by the
CPL (Current Peak Limiter) functions, not by ISVPL
settings, due to power output channel current
capacity.
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Operation and Performance
The ISVPL threshold may be set at any level between 17.8 V and 600 V via the PLM’s menu system. For
further details, please refer to section 7.11.2.5 of this manual, and also to the PLM Series chapter in the
Lake Controller User Manual.
PLM devices that have a smaller peak output voltage can still set the ISVPL threshold up to 600 V. When
a threshold is set above the maximum capability of a power output channel, the maximum ISVPL for that
product will be automatically set. Therefore, the ISVPL threshold can be in at the Module for the speaker’s
maximum capability, and the Module le remains cross-compatible with all PLM Series devices.
5.3.2 Current Peak Limiter (CPL)
The output Current Peak Limiter (CPL) ensures that the power output section will not be damaged by forcing
it to deliver current levels at the outputs that exceed the maximum current ratings of the output transistors.
The CPL keeps the output transistors within their Safe Operating Area (SOA). The CPL is non-adjustable.
CPL activity is indicated on the power output channel LED (embedded in the associated output channel’s
function button to the right of the LCD). Activity on an affected channel results in a ashing red indication
together with a CURRENT CLIP warning message displayed on the screen adjacent to the LED. A warning is
also displayed on the controlling PC via the network.
This condition indicates an attempt to draw excessive current at the output. The output is attenuated until
the output current falls below the maximum current rating. Limiting is performed by the ISVPL limiter in
conjunction with the selected ISVPL prole. Please refer to the Technical Specications in chapter 11 for
further details regarding ratings.
If excessive current is indicated, check the output cables and examine the
loudspeaker. If impedance appears normal, you may rectify the condition by
altering the ISVPL settings or lowering input levels. CPL indication can be
triggered by excessively low output impedance, possibly the result of too
many loudspeaker cabinets connected in parallel.
5.3.3 Power Average Limiter (PAL)
5.3.3.1 PLM 10000Q and PLM 14000
The Power Average Limiter (PAL) controls the AC current into the power supply. Power consumption is
limited to the rated design parameters of the power supply, ensuring that the PSU will never be overloaded.
Also, high-power products such as those in the PLM Series can potentially draw more current (with output
devices still within safe operating areas) than is allowed by the external mains breaker.
The PAL protection feature can help prevent the supply’s external breaker from tripping within time intervals
of less than three minutes. For longer time intervals, it is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the
average level of the audio is within limits that ensure that the breaker doesn’t trip.
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PAL activity is indicated by the LED within the rst soft button adjacent to the display ashing red,
together with a PAL ACTIVE warning message displayed on the screen. A warning is also displayed on the
Lake Controller software.
5.3.3.2 PLM 20000Q
The Power Average Limiter Active warning (PAL Active) will be displayed when the power supply’s maximum rated design parameters are reached. When this warning is displayed, gain limiting is being applied to
the signal and the ISVPL threshold is lowered accordingly.
5.3.4 Breaker Emulation Limiter (BEL™)
The Breaker Emulation Limiter feature is present only in the PLM 20000Q. The PLM 20000Q is a powerful device that can draw a considerable amount of current from the mains supply. The BEL models the
temperature in the external breaker and limits the mains current to prevent it from tripping. The BEL can be
congured with both a breaker prole and a current value. The current value can be set from 5 to 32 Arms.
There are three different proles available for selection:
▸ Conservative - The conservative prole allows no momentary current above the congured threshold.
▸ Fast - The fast prole models the time constant of the trip-curve corresponding to a fast breaker. It
momentarily allows current above the threshold to pass for a short time, leading to an increased modeled temperature. For the limiter to disengage, the current must reduce below the threshold to enable
the breaker to cool down.
▸ Universal - The universal prole models the time constant of the tripp-curve corresponding to a slow
breaker. It momentarily allows current above the threshold for a longer time, leading to an increased
modeled temperature. For the limiter to disengage the current has to reduce below the congured
current for the breaker to cool down.
The BEL can be congured via the PLM front panel and via the Lake Controller.
5.3.5 Under Voltage Limiter (UVL™)
The PLM 20000Q is equipped with an under voltage limiter. With mulitple powerful devices on a mains
distribution line, heavy current loads risk the reduction of voltage below that required for devices to function.
The PLM 20000Q’s UVL reduces the mains current draw when voltage drop below 80 V. The amount of
reduction applied increases as mains voltage drops towards 65 V, then at 65 V the power supply is shut
down. The mains supply is continually monitored and when sufcient voltage returns the power supply
automatically restarts.
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Operation and Performance
5.3.6 Current Average Limiter (CAL™)
The Current Average Limiter (CAL) monitors the RMS current drawn from each power output channel
to ensure that the power output stages are not overloaded. When activated, it regulates the current to a
safe level to protect the channel. The CAL should not be activated in normal usage, but if it is, its operation is indicated by an active LED and the message CAL ACTIVE. Further indication is given within the
Lake Controller software.
5.3.7 Voltage Clip Limiter (VCL)
If current draw from the PLM’s power supply is too high, the PSU’s regulation capability may be exceeded
and the internal voltage rails may drop and cause clipping. If this occurs the VCL acts rapidly to prevent clipping on the subsequent peaks. Limiting is performed by the ISVPL limiter in conjunction with the selected
ISVPL prole. Indication of this condition is shown on the output LEDs.
5.3.8 Temperature Protection
5.3.8.1 Overview
PLM Series devices are equipped with a sophisticated temperature sensing system that provides protection
from overheating which may occur as a result of inadequate ventilation or excessive power output.
Thermal measurements are made at several points within each power output channel along with measurements in the power supply and DSP areas. If temperature in any area reaches a critical level then a warning
is displayed and gain reduction is applied. If the temperature continues to increase and reaches a dangerous
level then a fault is displayed and audio is muted. Each power output channel, the power supply and DSP
area have separate indications.
For all temperature faults, temperature monitoring will continue at 0.5 second intervals, with the output
remaining muted. When the area has cooled below the dangerous threshold, the fault condition is cleared
and audio is restored.
5.3.8.2 Power Output Channels
A power output channel temperature warning or fault is indicated in one of the front panels LEDs (in the
right-hand soft function buttons).
▸ A warning is indicated by a static yellow LED and adjacent warning message: TEMP WARN:CH
▸ A fault is indicated with a static red LED and adjacent warning message: TEMP FLT:CH
An event report is sent to the Lake Controller software for both the warning and the fault. If a temperature
fault condition arises on a power channel, the output of that channel will be muted.
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5.3.8.3 Power Supply / DSP
A power supply (PSU) or DSP temperature warning or fault is indicated by the LED in the top-left function
button.
▸ A warning is indicated by a static yellow LED and adjacent warning message: TEMP WARN:PSU
(or TEMP WARN:DSP)
▸ A fault is indicated with a static red LED and adjacent warning message: TEMP FLT:PSU
(or TEMP FLT:DSP)
An event report is sent to the Lake Controller software for both the warning and the fault. If a temperature
fault condition arises in the power supply the output of all channels will be muted. If a temperature fault
condition arises in DSP area, audio will not be muted but continued operation is not recommended.
5.3.8.4 PLM 20000Q
For the PLM 20000Q a temperature dependant limiting feature is also present. At temperatures above the
critical warning level and below the dangerous fault level, the ISVPL threshold is slowly reduced to decrease
the output power and cool down the device. This enables the device to continue to pass audio, although
with a reduced amplitude, in extreme conditions. If reducing the ISVPL threshold does not cool down the
device a temp fault will still be issued when the dangerous temperature level is reached.
5.3.9 DC Protection
DC protection is implemented on each power output to prevent damage to connected loudspeakers or any
PLM components. DC present at the output will cause the PLM’s power output module breaker to blow. In
this instance a red LED will illuminate and NEEDS SERVICE will display on the LCD.
The power output channel modules are independent of
the input voltage. Both 115 and 230 V models have amp
channel fuses. This is not a user-servicable fault
condition and the unit should be returned for repair.
5.3.10 VHF Protection
The PLM includes protection circuits that detect Very High Frequency (VHF) content in the input signal. The
detection is frequency-dependent, initiated from 10 kHz upwards. If VHF signals are detected above the
threshold, the output will mute for approximately 6 seconds before a further measurement is taken. When
continuous VHF signal stops, the output unmutes and the amplier returns to normal operation.
This protection system recognizes that continuous VHF signals at high levels do not appear in speech or
music. Any such content can therefore be considered as a fault condition. VHF protection is essential to
avoid damage to HF drivers.
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Operation and Performance
VHF protection is dependent on a combination of output power level and frequency. Figure 5-2 shows a
decreasing power threshold, from approximately 10 kHz upwards, which illustrates increasing sensitivity of
the protection system with frequency. When continuous output power above the threshold line is detected,
VHF protection becomes active.
Figure 5-2: VHF Protection Frequency Sensitivity
The attack time of the VHF protection circuitry also changes with frequency, becoming shorter at higher
frequencies. This is shown in Figure 5-3.
Figure 5-3: VHF Protection Attack Time Variations
The VHF protection circuit is NOT a limiter and does not alter the PLM’s frequency response. It is implemented solely to detect continuous VHF content. HF content of normal music or speech signals at peak
levels will be passed in full.
Operation of the VHF protection circuits is indicated by one (or more) of the output channel LEDs (in the
right-hand soft function buttons) showing steady red. The adjacent fault message will show VHF FAULT. It is
also reported as a fault via the control network.
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