Keysight N9030B Users guide

Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzers

This manual provides documentation for the following Analyzer:

N9030B PXA Signal Analyzer

PXA Specifications
Guide

(Comprehensive
Reference Data)

Notices

© Keysight Technologies, Inc.

2016-2021

No part of this manual may be
reproduced in any form or by any
means (including electronic storage
and retrieval or translation into a
foreign language) without prior
agreement and written consent from
Keysight Technologies, Inc. as
governed by United States and
international copyright laws.

Trademark Acknowledgments

Manual Part Number

N9030-90089

Edition

Edition 2, March 2021

Supersedes: January 2021

Published by:
Keysight Technologies

1400 Fountaingrove Parkway
Santa Rosa, CA 95403

Warranty

THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS
DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED “AS IS,”
AND IS SUBJECT TO BEING
CHANGED, WITHOUT NOTICE, IN
FUTURE EDITIONS. FURTHER, TO
THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED
BY APPLICABLE LAW, KEYSIGHT
DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES,
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REGARD TO THIS MANUAL AND
ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED
HEREIN, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED
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FOR ERRORS OR FOR INCIDENTAL
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN
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PERFORMANCE OF THIS
DOCUMENT OR ANY INFORMATION
CONTAINED HEREIN. SHOULD
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WITH WARRANTY TERMS

COVERING THE MATERIAL IN THIS
DOCUMENT THAT CONFLICT WITH
THESE TERMS, THE WARRANTY
TERMS IN THE SEPARATE
AGREEMENT WILL CONTROL.

Technology Licenses

The hardware and/or software
described in this document are
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used or copied only in accordance
with the terms of such license.

U.S. Government Rights

The Software is “commercial
computer software,” as defined
by Federal Acquisition Regulation
(“FAR”) 2.101. Pursuant to FAR

12.212 and 27.405-3 and
Department of Defense FAR
Supplement (“DFARS”) 227.7202,
the U.S. government acquires
commercial computer software
under the same terms by which
the software is customarily
provided to the public.
Accordingly, Keysight provides
the Software to U.S. government
customers under its standard
commercial license, which is
embodied in its End User License
Agreement (EULA), a copy of
which can be found at

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Keysight: (1) Furnish technical
information related to
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or commercial computer
software documentation that is
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otherwise provide, the
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commercial computer software

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extent that those terms, rights, or
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the FAR and the DFARS and are
set forth specifically in writing
elsewhere in the EULA. Keysight
shall be under no obligation to
update, revise or otherwise
modify the Software. With
respect to any technical data as
defined by FAR 2.101, pursuant
to FAR 12.211 and 27.404.2 and
DFARS 227.7102, the U.S.
government acquires no greater
than Limited Rights as defined in
FAR 27.401 or DFAR 227.7103-5
(c), as applicable in any technical
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Safety Notices

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hazard. It calls attention to an
operating procedure, practice, or
the like that, if not correctly
performed or adhered to, could
result in damage to the product
or loss of important data. Do not
proceed beyond a CAUTION
notice until the indicated
conditions are fully understood
and met.

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hazard. It calls attention to an
operating procedure, practice, or
the like that, if not correctly
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Do not proceed beyond a
WARNING notice until the
indicated conditions are fully
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Where to Find the Latest Information

Documentation is updated periodically. For the latest information about these products, including instrument software
upgrades, application information, and product information, browse to one of the following URLs, according to the name
of your product:

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Is your product software up-to-date?

Periodically, Keysight releases software updates to fix known defects and incorporate product enhancements. To search
for software updates for your product, go to the Keysight Technical Support website at:

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3

4

Contents

1. PXA Signal Analyzer

Definitions and Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Conditions Required to Meet Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Frequency and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Frequency Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Band. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Precision Frequency Reference (Option EP1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Precision Frequency Reference (Option EP0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Frequency Readout Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Frequency Counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Frequency Span. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Sweep Time and Trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Gated Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Number of Frequency Sweep Points (buckets). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Resolution Bandwidth (RBW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Analysis Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Preselector Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Video Bandwidth (VBW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Amplitude Accuracy and Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Measurement Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Maximum Safe Input Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Display Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Marker Readout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Frequency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Nominal Frequency Response Band 0 without Option EP0 [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Nominal Frequency Response Band 0 with Option EP0 [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

IF Frequency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

IF Phase Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Absolute Amplitude Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Input Attenuation Switching Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

RF Input VSWR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Nominal VSWR Low Band [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Nominal VSWR, above 3.5 GHz [Plot]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Resolution Bandwidth Switching Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Reference Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Display Scale Fidelity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Available Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Dynamic Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Gain Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

1 dB Gain Compression Point (Two-tone). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Displayed Average Noise Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

DANL without Noise Floor Extension and without Option EP0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

DANL without Noise Floor Extension, with Option EP0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Displayed Average Noise Level with Noise Floor Extension Improvement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Displayed Average Noise Level with Noise Floor Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Spurious Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

5

Contents

Spurious Responses: Residual and Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Spurious Responses: Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Second Harmonic Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Third Order Intermodulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Nominal TOI vs. Input Frequency and Tone Separation [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Nominal Dynamic Range vs. Offset Frequency vs. RBW [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Nominal Dynamic Range vs. Offset Frequency vs. RBW [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Phase Noise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Nominal Phase Noise of Different LO Optimizations without Option EP0 [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Nominal Phase Noise at Different Center Frequencies without Option EP0 [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Nominal Phase Noise at Different Carrier Frequencies, Phase Noise Optimized vs Offset Frequency

with Option EP0 [Plot]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Nominal Phase Noise at Different Phase Noise/Spurs Optimization with Option EP0 [Plot] . . . . . 73

Phase Noise Effects, Ext Ref vs. Loop BW without Option EP0 [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Power Suite Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Occupied Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Multi-Carrier Adjacent Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Burst Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

TOI (Third Order Intermodulation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Harmonic Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Spurious Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Inputs/Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Regulatory Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

2. I/Q Analyzer

Specifications Affected by I/Q Analyzer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99

Clipping-to-Noise Dynamic Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Data Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Time Record Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

ADC Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

3. Option B25 - 25 MHz Analysis Bandwidth

Specifications Affected by Analysis Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Other Analysis Bandwidth Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

IF Spurious Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

IF Frequency Response. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

IF Phase Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Nominal Phase Linearity [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Data Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

6

Contents

Time Record Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

ADC Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

4. Option B40 - 40 MHz Analysis Bandwidth

Specifications Affected by Analysis Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Other Analysis Bandwidth Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

SFDR (Spurious-Free Dynamic Range). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Spurious Responses: Residual and Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Spurious Responses: Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

IF Frequency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

IF Phase Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Nominal Phase Linearity [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Data Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Time Record Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

ADC Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

5. Option B85/B1X - 85/160 MHz Analysis Bandwidth

Specifications Affected by Analysis Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Other Analysis Bandwidth Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

SFDR (Spurious-Free Dynamic Range). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Spurious Responses: Residual and Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Spurious Responses: Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

IF Residual Responses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

IF Frequency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

IF Phase Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

EVM measurement floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Noise Density with Preselector Bypass (Option MPB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Data Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Time Record Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

ADC Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

6. Option B2X - 255 MHz Analysis Bandwidth

Specifications Affected by Analysis Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Other Analysis Bandwidth Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

SFDR (Spurious-Free Dynamic Range). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Spurious Responses: Residual and Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Spurious Responses: Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

IF Residual Responses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

IF Frequency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

IF Phase Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Full Scale (ADC Clipping) with Option EP0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Full Scale (ADC Clipping) - Full Bypass Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Third Order Intermodulation Distortion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Noise Density with Preselector Bypass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Noise Density - Full Bypass Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Signal to Noise Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Data Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

7

Contents

Time Record Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

ADC Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

7. Option B5X - 510 MHz Analysis Bandwidth

Specifications Affected by Analysis Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Other Analysis Bandwidth Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

SFDR (Spurious-Free Dynamic Range) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Spurious Responses: Residual and Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Spurious Responses: Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

IF Residual Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

IF Frequency Response. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

IF Phase Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Full Scale (ADC Clipping) with Option EP0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Full Scale (ADC Clipping) - Full Bypass Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Third Order Intermodulation Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Noise Density with Preselector Bypass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Noise Density - Full Bypass Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Signal to Noise Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Data Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Time Record Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

ADC Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

8. Option FBP - Full Bypass Path

Specifications Affected by Full Bypass Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Other Specifications Affected by Full Bypass Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Maximum Safe Input Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Additional Spurious Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

9. Option ALV - Log Video Out

Specifications Affected by Log Video Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Other Log Video Out Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Aux IF Out Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Fast Log Video Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Nominal Output Voltage (Open Circuit) versus Input Level [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

10. Option BBA - Analog Baseband IQ (BBIQ) Inputs

Frequency and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Amplitude Accuracy and Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Nominal Channel Match, 50Ω Input, Single-Ended input mode, 0.25V Range [Plot]. . . . . . . . . . 179

Nominal Phase Match, 50Ω Input, Single-Ended input mode, 0.25V Range [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Dynamic Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Application Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Capture Length vs. Span, 2-channel with 89600 VSA, I+jQ Mode [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191

Inputs/Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

8

Contents

11. Option CR3 - Connector Rear, 2nd IF Output

Specifications Affected by Connector Rear, 2nd IF Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Other Connector Rear, 2nd IF Output Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Aux IF Out Port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Second IF Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

12. Option CRP - Connector Rear, Arbitrary IF Output

Specifications Affected by Connector Rear, Arbitrary IF Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

Other Connector Rear, Arbitrary IF Output Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Aux IF Out Port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Arbitrary IF Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

13. Option EA3 - Electronic Attenuator, 3.6 GHz

Specifications Affected by Electronic Attenuator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

Other Electronic Attenuator Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Range (Frequency and Attenuation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Distortions and Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Frequency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Absolute Amplitude Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Electronic Attenuator Switching Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

14. Option EMC - Precompliance EMI Features

Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Frequency Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

EMI Resolution Bandwidths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Amplitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

EMI Average Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

Quasi-Peak Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

RMS Average Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

15. Option ESC - External Source Control

General Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

Frequency Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

Dynamic Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Power Sweep Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Measurement Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Supported External Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

16. Option EXM - External Mixing

Specifications Affected by External mixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Other External Mixing Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Connection Port EXT MIXER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Mixer Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

IF Input. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

LO Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

9

Contents

17. Option LNP - Low Noise Path Specifications

Specifications Affected by Low Noise Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

Displayed Average Noise Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

DANL with Noise Floor Extension Improvement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Frequency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Second Harmonic Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

18. Option MPB - Microwave Preselector Bypass

Specifications Affected by Microwave Preselector Bypass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

Other Microwave Preselector Bypass Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Frequency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Additional Spurious Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

19. Options P03, P08, P13, P26, P44 and P50 - Preamplifiers

Specifications Affected by Preamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Other Preamp Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Noise figure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

1 dB Gain Compression Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

Displayed Average Noise Level (DANL) (without Noise Floor Extension) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Frequency Response — Preamp On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

RF Input VSWR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Nominal VSWR — Preamp On, Low Band [Plot]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Nominal VSWR — Preamp On, Above 3.5 GHz [Plot]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Second Harmonic Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Third Order Intermodulation Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

20. Options RT1, RT2 - Real-time Spectrum Analyzer (RTSA)

Real-time Spectrum Analyzer Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

General Frequency Domain Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Density View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Spectrogram View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Power vs. Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Frequency Mask Trigger (FMT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

21. Option YAV - Y-Axis Video Output

Specifications Affected by Y-Axis Video Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Other Y-Axis Video Output Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

General Port Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

Screen Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Continuity and Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Log Video Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Linear Video (AM Demod) Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

22. 5G NR Measurement Application

Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

10

Contents

Spurious Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Adjacent Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Power Statistics CCDF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

Occupied Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

Modulation Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Frequency Ranges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Frequency Range: FR1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Frequency Range: FR2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

23. Analog Demodulation Measurement Application

RF Carrier Frequency and Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Carrier Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Maximum Information Bandwidth (Info BW). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Capture Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Post-Demodulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Maximum Audio Frequency Span . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Frequency Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

Conditions required to meet specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

FM Measurement Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

FM Deviation Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

FM Rate Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

Carrier Frequency Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Frequency Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Post-Demod Distortion Residual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Post-Demod Distortion Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

AM Rejection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

Residual FM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

Amplitude Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

Conditions required to meet specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

AM Measurement Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

AM Depth Accuracy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

Flatness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

AM Rate Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

Amplitude Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

Post-Demod Distortion Residual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

Post-Demod Distortion Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

FM Rejection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

Residual AM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

Phase Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

Conditions required to meet specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

PM Measurement Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

PM Deviation Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

PM Rate Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Carrier Frequency Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Phase Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Post-Demod Distortion Residual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Post-Demod Distortion Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

11

Contents

AM Rejection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Residual PM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Analog Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

FM Stereo/Radio Data System (RDS) Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

FM Stereo Modulation Analysis Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

24. Avionics Measurement Application

Additional Definitions and Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

RF Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

General, RF Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range), RF Input. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

ILS (Instrument Landing System) - Localizer (LOC) and Glide-Slope (GS), RF Input . . . . . . . . . . 306

Markers - Beacons, RF input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

ADF (Automatic Direction Finder), RF input. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

Audio Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

General, Audio input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range), Audio Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

ILS (Instrument Landing System) - Localizer (LOC) and Glide-Slope (GS), Audio Input . . . . . . . 310

Markers - Beacons, Audio input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

ADF (Automatic Direction Finder), Audio input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

25. Bluetooth Measurement Application

Basic Rate Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

Output Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

Modulation Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

Initial Carrier Frequency Tolerance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

Carrier Frequency Drift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

Adjacent Channel Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

Low Energy Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

Output Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

Modulation Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

Initial Carrier Frequency Tolerance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

Carrier Frequency Drift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

LE In-band Emission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

EDR Relative Transmit Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

EDR Modulation Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

EDR Carrier Frequency Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

EDR In-band Spurious Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

In-Band Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Bluetooth Basic Rate and Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Bluetooth Low Energy System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

26. GSM/EDGE Measurement Application

Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

EDGE Error Vector Magnitude

(EVM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Power vs. Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

12

Contents

EDGE Power vs. Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

Power Ramp Relative Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

Phase and Frequency Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

Output RF Spectrum (ORFS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

Frequency Ranges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

In-Band Frequency Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

27. LTE/LTE-A Measurement Application

Supported Air Interface Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

Channel Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

Power Statistics CCDF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

Transmit On/Off Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

Adjacent Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

Occupied Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

Spurious Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

Modulation Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

NB-IoT Modulation Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

C-V2X Modulation Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

In-Band Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

C-V2X Operating Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

NB-IoT Operating Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

LTE FDD Operating Band. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

LTE TDD Operating Band. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

28. Measuring Receiver

Additional Definitions and Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

N9030B PXA Conditions Required to Meet Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Definitions of terms used in this chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362

RF Carrier Frequency and Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

Carrier Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

Maximum Information Bandwidth (Info BW). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

Frequency Modulation (FM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

Additional conditions required to meet specifications:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

Input Power Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

FM Deviation Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

AM Rejection (50 Hz to 3 kHz BW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

Residual FM (50 Hz to 3 kHz BW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Amplitude Modulation (AM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

Additional conditions required to meet specifications:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

Input Power Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

AM Depth Accuracy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

Flatness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

FM Rejection (50 Hz to 3 kHz BW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Phase Modulation (PM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

Additional conditions required to meet specifications:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

Input Power Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

13

Contents

Peak Phase Deviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

AM Rejection (50 Hz to 3 kHz BW). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

Residual PM (50 Hz to 3 kHz BW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

Modulation Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Modulation Rate Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Modulation Distortion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Post-Demod Distortion Measurement Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Post-Demod Distortion Residual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

Modulation SINAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

Post-Demod Distortion Residual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

Modulation Filters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

RF Frequency Counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

Audio Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382

Audio Frequency Counter
Audio AC Level

Audio Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Audio SINAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

Audio Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

RF Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

Input SWR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388

Power Reference (P-Series, EPM and EPM-P Series Specifications) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

Tuned RF Level Specification Nomenclature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392

Tuned RF Level (TRFL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

Additional Definitions and Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

Power Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

Minimum power (dBm)

Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

Minimum Power (dBm)

Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395

Absolute Measurement Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

Information about Residuals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

Graphical TRFL Measurement Accuracy (Nominal). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

N9030B, Option 503/508/513/526, IF BW 10 Hz — Preamp On: Option P03/P08/P13/P26 [Plot] . .
401

N9030B, Option 544/550, IF BW 10 Hz — Preamp On: Option P44/P50 [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382

29. Multi-Standard Radio Measurement Application

Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

Occupied Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

Spurious Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

Conformance EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

In-Band Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

30. Noise Figure Measurement Application

General Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408

14

Contents

Noise Figure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408

Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

Noise Figure Uncertainty Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410

Uncertainty versus Calibration Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

Nominal Noise Figure Uncertainty versus Calibration Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

Nominal Instrument Noise Figure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412

Nominal Instrument Input VSWR, DC Coupled without Option EP0 [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

Nominal VSWR — Preamp On Low Band with Option EP0 [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

Nominal VSWR — Preamp, Above 3.5 GHz with Option EP0 [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

31. Phase Noise Measurement Application

General Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

Maximum Carrier Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

Measurement Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

Measurement Accuracy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

Offset Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

Amplitude Repeatability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

Nominal Phase Noise at Different Center Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

32. Pulse Measurement Software

Pulse Measurement Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

Frequency and Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Frequency Error RMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Frequency Pulse to Pulse Difference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Phase Pulse to Pulse Difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

33. Short Range Communications Measurement Application

ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4) Measurement Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

EVM (Modulation Accuracy) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

Frequency Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

Z-Wave (ITU-T G.9959) Measurement Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

FSK Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Frequency Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

34. Vector Modulation Analysis Application

Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Modulation Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Residual EVM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Residual EVM for MSK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Residual EVM for VSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

35. W-CDMA Measurement Application

Conformance with 3GPP TS 25.141 Base Station Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

Channel Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

Adjacent Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

15

Contents

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438

Occupied Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

Spurious Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

Code Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

QPSK EVM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

Modulation Accuracy (Composite EVM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

Power Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

In-Band Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

36. WLAN Measurement Application

Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454

Occupied Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

Power vs. Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

Spurious Emission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

64QAM EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472

1024QAM EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

CCK 11Mbps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

In-Band Frequency Range for Warranted Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

16

Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzer
N9030B

Specification Guide

1 PXA Signal Analyzer

This chapter contains the specifications for the core signal analyzer. The
specifications and characteristics for the measurement applications and
options are covered in the chapters that follow.

17

PXA Signal Analyzer
Definitions and Requirements

Definitions and Requirements

This book contains signal analyzer specifications and supplemental
information. The distinction among specifications, typical performance, and
nominal values are described as follows.

Definitions

— Specifications describe the performance of parameters covered by the

product warranty (temperature = 0 to 55°C also referred to as "Full
temperature range" or "Full range", unless otherwise noted).

— 95th percentile values indicate the breadth of the population (≈2σ) of

performance tolerances expected to be met in 95% of the cases with a 95%
confidence, for any ambient temperature in the range of 20 to 30°C. In
addition to the statistical observations of a sample of instruments, these
values include the effects of the uncertainties of external calibration
references. These values are not warranted. These values are updated
occasionally if a significant change in the statistically observed behavior of
production instruments is observed.

— Typical describes additional product performance information that is not

covered by the product warranty. It is performance beyond specification
that 80% of the units exhibit with a 95% confidence level over the
temperature range 20 to 30°C. Typical performance does not include
measurement uncertainty.

— Nominal values indicate expected performance, or describe product

performance that is useful in the application of the product, but is not
covered by the product warranty.

Conditions Required to Meet Specifications

The following conditions must be met for the analyzer to meet its
specifications.

— The analyzer is within its calibration cycle. See the General section of this

chapter.

— Under auto couple control, except that Auto Sweep Time Rules = Accy.
— For signal frequencies <10 MHz, DC coupling applied.

— Any analyzer that has been stored at a temperature range inside the

allowed storage range but outside the allowed operating range must be
stored at an ambient temperature within the allowed operating range for at
least two hours before being turned on.

— The analyzer has been turned on at least 30 minutes with Auto Align set to

Normal, or if Auto Align is set to Off or Partial, alignments must have been
run recently enough to prevent an Alert message. If the Alert condition is
changed from “Time and Temperature” to one of the disabled duration

18

PXA Signal Analyzer
Definitions and Requirements

choices, the analyzer may fail to meet specifications without informing the
user. If Auto Align is set to Light, performance is not warranted, and
nominal performance will degrade to become a factor of 1.4 wider for any
specification subject to alignment, such as amplitude tolerances.

Certification

Keysight Technologies certifies that this product met its published
specifications at the time of shipment from the factory. Keysight Technologies
further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the
International System of Units (SI) via national metrology institutes
(www.keysight.com/find/NMI) that are signatories to the CIPM Mutual
Recognition Arrangement.

19

PXA Signal Analyzer
Frequency and Time

Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Frequency Range

Maximum Frequency

Option 503 3.6 GHz

Option 508 8.4 GHz

Option 513 13.6 GHz

Option 526 26.5 GHz

Option 544 44 GHz

Option 550 50 GHz

Preamp Option P03 3.6 GHz

Preamp Option P08 8.4 GHz

Preamp Option P13 13.6 GHz

Preamp Option P26 26.5 GHz

Preamp Option P44 44 GHz

Preamp Option P50 50 GHz

Minimum Frequency

Preamp

Off 10 MHz 2 Hz

On 10 MHz 9 kHz

AC Coupled

a

DC Coupled

20

PXA Signal Analyzer
Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Band

Harmonic

LO Multiple (N

b

) Band Overlaps

c

Mixing Mode

0 (2 Hz to 3.6 GHz)

d

1− 1 Options 503, 508, 513, 526, 544,

550

1 (3.5 to 8.4 GHz) 1− 1 Options 508, 513, 526, 544, 550

2 (8.3 to 13.6 GHz) 1− 2 Options 513, 526, 544, 550

3 (13.5 to 17.1 GHz) 2− 2 Options 526, 544, 550

4 (17.0 to 26.5 GHz) 2− 4 Options 526, 544, 550

5 (26.4 to 34.5 GHz) 2− 4 Options 544, 550

6 (34.4 to 50 GHz) 4− 8 Options 544, 550

a. AC Coupled only applicable to frequency Options 503, 508, 513, and 526.
b. N is the LO multiplication factor. For negative mixing modes (as indicated by the “−” in the “Harmonic Mixing

Mode” column), the desired 1st LO harmonic is higher than the tuned frequency by the 1st IF.

c. In the band overlap regions, for example, 3.5 to 3.6 GHz, the analyzer may use either band for measurements, in

this example Band 0 or Band 1. The analyzer gives preference to the band with the better overall specifications
(which is the lower numbered band for all frequencies below 26 GHz), but will choose the other band if doing so is
necessary to achieve a sweep having minimum band crossings. For example, with CF = 3.58 GHz, with a span of
40 MHz or less, the analyzer uses Band 0, because the stop frequency is 3.6 GHz or less, allowing a span without
band crossings in the preferred band. If the span is between 40 and 160 MHz, the analyzer uses Band 1, because
the start frequency is above 3.5 GHz, allowing the sweep to be done without a band crossing in Band 1, though
the stop frequency is above 3.6 GHz, preventing a Band 0 sweep without band crossing. With a span greater than
160 MHz, a band crossing will be required: the analyzer sweeps up to 3.6 GHz in Band 0; then executes a band
crossing and continues the sweep in Band 1.
Specifications are given separately for each band in the band overlap regions. One of these specifications is for the
preferred band, and one for the alternate band. Continuing with the example from the previous paragraph
(3.58 GHz), the preferred band is band 0 (indicated as frequencies under 3.6 GHz) and the alternate band is band
1 (3.5 to 8.4 GHz). The specifications for the preferred band are warranted. The specifications for the alternate
band are not warranted in the band overlap region, but performance is nominally the same as those warranted
specifications in the rest of the band. Again, in this example, consider a signal at 3.58 GHz. If the sweep has been
configured so that the signal at 3.58 GHz is measured in Band 1, the analysis behavior is nominally as stated in the
Band 1 specification line (3.5 to 8.4 GHz) but is not warranted. If warranted performance is necessary for this sig­nal, the sweep should be reconfigured so that analysis occurs in Band 0. Another way to express this situation in
this example Band 0/Band 1 crossing is this: The specifications given in the “Specifications” column which are
described as “3.5 to 8.4 GHz” represent nominal performance from 3.5 to 3.6 GHz, and warranted performance

from 3.6 to 8.4 GHz.
d. Band 0 is extendable (set “Extend Low Band” to On) to 3.7 GHz instead of 3.6 GHz in instruments
with frequency Option 508, 513 or 526.

21

PXA Signal Analyzer
Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Precision Frequency Reference (Option EP1)

Accuracy ±[(time since last adjustment ×

aging rate) + temperature
stability + calibration accuracy

a]b

Temperature Stability

−8

−8

Nominally linear

−10

±5 × 10

20 to 30°C

Full temperature range

Aging Rate

±1.5 × 10

±5 × 10

Total Aging

−7

1 Year

2 Years

Settability

Warm-up and Retrace

d

300 s after turn on

900 s after turn on

Achievable Initial Calibration Accuracy

e

±1 × 10

±1.5 × 10

±2 × 10

±4 × 10

−9

−8

−7

Nominal

±1 × 10

±1 × 10

−7

of final frequency

−8

of final frequency

Standby power to reference oscillator Not supplied

Residual FM

(Center Frequency = 1 GHz

≤0.25 Hz × N
(nominal)

10 Hz RBW, 10 Hz VBW)

c

/day (nominal)

f

p-p in 20 ms

a. Calibration accuracy depends on how accurately the frequency standard was adjusted to 10 MHz. If the adjust-

ment procedure is followed, the calibration accuracy is given by the specification “Achievable Initial Calibration

Accuracy.”
b. The specification applies after the analyzer has been powered on for four hours.
c. Narrow temperature range performance is nominally linear with temperature. For example, for

25±3º C, the stability would be only three-fifths as large as the warranted 25±5º C, thus ±0.9 × 10

−8

.

d. Standby mode does not apply power to the oscillator. Therefore warm-up applies every time the power is

turned on. The warm-up reference is one hour after turning the power on. Retracing also occurs every time

warm-up occurs. The effect of retracing is included within the “Achievable Initial Calibration Accuracy” term of

the Accuracy equation.

22

PXA Signal Analyzer
Frequency and Time

e. The achievable calibration accuracy at the beginning of the calibration cycle includes these effects:

1) Temperature difference between the calibration environment and the use environment

2) Orientation relative to the gravitation field changing between the calibration environment and the use envi-

ronment

3) Retrace effects in both the calibration environment and the use environment due to turning the instrument

power off.

4) Settability

f. N is the LO multiplication factor.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Precision Frequency Reference (Option EP0)

Accuracy ±[(time since last adjustment ×

aging rate) + temperature
stability + calibration accuracy

a]b

Temperature Stability

Full temperature range

Aging Rate

±4.5 × 10

−9

±2.5 × 10

−10

/day (nominal)

Total Aging

−8

1 Year

Settability

Warm-up and Retrace

c

300 s after turn on

600 s after turn on

Achievable Initial Calibration Accuracy

d

±3 × 10

±4 × 10

±3.1 × 10

−11

−8

Nominal

±1 × 10

±1 × 10

−7

of final frequency

−8

of final frequency

Standby power Standby power is supplied to both

the CPU and the frequency
reference oscillator.

Residual FM

(Center Frequency = 1 GHz

≤0.25 Hz × N
(nominal)

e

p-p in 20 ms

10 Hz RBW, 10 Hz VBW)

a. Calibration accuracy depends on how accurately the frequency standard was adjusted to 10 MHz. If the adjust-

ment procedure is followed, the calibration accuracy is given by the specification “Achievable Initial Calibration

Accuracy.”
b. The specification applies after the analyzer has been powered on for four hours.

23

PXA Signal Analyzer
Frequency and Time

c. Standby mode applies power to the oscillator. Therefore warm-up and retrace only apply if the power connec-

tion is lost and restored. The warm-up reference is one hour after turning the power on. The effect of retracing

is included within the “Achievable Initial Calibration Accuracy” term of the Accuracy equation.
d. The achievable calibration accuracy at the beginning of the calibration cycle includes these effects:

1) Temperature difference between the calibration environment and the use environment

2) Orientation relative to the gravitation field changing between the calibration environment and the use envi-

ronment

3) Retrace effects in both the calibration environment and the use environment due to turning the instrument

power off.

4) Settability

e. N is the LO multiplication factor.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Frequency Readout Accuracy ±(marker freq × freq ref accy +

a

+ 2 Hz +

b

)

Example for EMC

0.10%×span + 5% × RBW

0.5 × horizontal resolution

d

Single detector only

±0.0032% (nominal)

a. The warranted performance is only the sum of all errors under autocoupled conditions. Under non-autocoupled

conditions, the frequency readout accuracy will nominally meet the specification equation, except for conditions
in which the RBW term dominates, as explained in examples below. The nominal RBW contribution to frequency
readout accuracy is 2% of RBW for RBWs from 1 Hz to 390 kHz, 4% of RBW from 430 kHz through 3 MHz (the
widest autocoupled RBW), and 30% of RBW for the (manually selected) 4, 5, 6 and 8 MHz RBWs.
First example: a 120 MHz span, with autocoupled RBW. The autocoupled ratio of span to RBW is 106:1, so
the RBW selected is 1.1 MHz. The 5% × RBW term contributes only 55 kHz to the total frequency readout accu­racy, compared to 120 kHz for the 0.10% × span term, for a total of 175 kHz.

Second example: a 20 MHz span, with a 4 MHz RBW. The specification equation does not apply because the

Span: RBW ratio is not autocoupled. If the equation did apply, it would allow 20 kHz of error (0.10%) due to the
span and 200 kHz error (5%) due to the RBW. For this non-autocoupled RBW, the RBW error is nominally 30%,
or 1200 kHz.

b. Horizontal resolution is due to the marker reading out one of the trace points. The points are spaced by

span/(Npts – 1), where Npts is the number of sweep points. For example, with the factory preset value of 1001
sweep points, the horizontal resolution is span/1000. However, there is an exception: When both the detector
mode is “normal” and the span > 0.25 × (Npts – 1) × RBW, peaks can occur only in even-numbered points, so
the effective horizontal resolution becomes doubled, or span/500 for the factory preset case. When the RBW is
autocoupled and there are 1001 sweep points, that exception occurs only for spans >750 MHz

c. Specifications apply to traces in most cases, but there are exceptions. Specifications always apply to the peak

detector. Specifications apply when only one detector is in use and all active traces are set to Clear Write. Spec­ifications also apply when only one detector is in use in all active traces and the "Restart" key has been pressed
since any change from the use of multiple detectors to a single detector. In other cases, such as when multiple
simultaneous detectors are in use, additional errors of 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 sweep points will occur in some detectors,
depending on the combination of detectors in use.

c

24

PXA Signal Analyzer
Frequency and Time

d. In most cases, the frequency readout accuracy of the analyzer can be exceptionally good. As an example, Key-

sight has characterized the accuracy of a span commonly used for Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) testing
using a source frequency locked to the analyzer. Ideally, this sweep would include EMC bands C and D and thus
sweep from 30 to 1000 MHz. Ideally, the analysis bandwidth would be 120 kHz at −6 dB, and the spacing of the
points would be half of this (60 kHz). With a start frequency of 30 MHz and a stop frequency of 1000.2 MHz and
a total of 16168 points, the spacing of points is ideal. The detector used was the Peak detector. The accuracy of
frequency readout of all the points tested in this span was with ±0.0032% of the span. A perfect analyzer with
this many points would have an accuracy of ±0.0031% of span. Thus, even with this large number of display
points, the errors in excess of the bucket quantization limitation were negligible.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Frequency Counter

a

See note

b

Count Accuracy ±(marker freq × freq ref accy. + 0.100 Hz)

Delta Count Accuracy ±(delta freq. × freq ref accy. + 0.141 Hz)

Resolution 0.001 Hz

a. Instrument conditions: RBW = 1 kHz, gate time = auto (100 ms), S/N ≥ 50 dB, frequency = 1 GHz
b. If the signal being measured is locked to the same frequency reference as the analyzer, the specified count

accuracy is ±0.100 Hz under the test conditions of footnote a. This error is a noisiness of the result. It will
increase with noisy sources, wider RBWs, lower S/N ratios, and source frequencies >1GHz.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Frequency Span

Range

Option 503 0 Hz, 10 Hz to 3.6 GHz

Option 508 0 Hz, 10 Hz to 8.4 GHz

Option 513 0 Hz, 10 Hz to 13.6 GHz

Option 526 0 Hz, 10 Hz to 26.5 GHz

Option 544 0 Hz, 10 Hz to 44 GHz

Option 550 0 Hz, 10 Hz to 50 GHz

Resolution 2 Hz

Span Accuracy

Swept

FFT

±(0.1% × span + horizontal resolution

±(0.1% × span + horizontal resolution

25

a

)

a

)

PXA Signal Analyzer
Frequency and Time

a. Horizontal resolution is due to the marker reading out one of the sweep points. The points are spaced by

span/(Npts − 1), where Npts is the number of sweep points. For example, with the factory preset value of 1001

sweep points, the horizontal resolution is span/1000. However, there is an exception: When both the detector

mode is “normal” and the span > 0.25 × (Npts − 1) × RBW, peaks can occur only in even-numbered points, so

the effective horizontal resolution becomes doubled, or span/500 for the factory preset case. When the RBW is

auto coupled and there are 1001 sweep points, that exception occurs only for spans >750 MHz.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Sweep Time and Trigger

Sweep Time Range
Span = 0 Hz
Span ≥ 10 Hz

1 μs to 6000 s
1 ms to 4000 s

Sweep Time Accuracy
Span ≥ 10 Hz, swept
Span ≥ 10 Hz, FFT
Span = 0 Hz

±0.01% (nominal)
±40% (nominal)
±0.01% (nominal)

Sweep Trigger Free Run, Line, Video, External 1,

External 2, RF Burst, Periodic Timer

Delayed Trigger

a

Range

Span ≥ 10 Hz −150 ms to 500 ms

Span = 0 Hz

−10 s to +500 ms

b

Resolution 0.1 μs

a. Delayed trigger is available with line, video, RF burst and external triggers.
b. Prior to A.19.28 software, zero span trigger delay was limited to -150 ms to 500 ms.

26

PXA Signal Analyzer
Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Triggers Additional information on some of the triggers and

gate sources

Video Independent of Display Scaling and Reference Level

Minimum settable level −170 dBm Useful range limited by noise

Maximum usable level

Highest allowed mixer level

a

+ 2 dB (nominal)

Detector and Sweep Type relationships

Sweep Type = Swept

Detector = Normal, Peak, Sample or
Negative Peak

Triggers on the signal before detection, which is
similar to the displayed signal

Detector = Average Triggers on the signal before detection, but with a

single-pole filter added to give similar smoothing to
that of the average detector

Sweep Type = FFT Triggers on the signal envelope in a bandwidth

wider than the FFT width

RF Burst

Level Range

Level Accuracy

−40 to −10 dBm plus attenuation (nominal)

c

b

Absolute ±2 dB + Absolute Amplitude Accuracy (nominal)

Relative ±2 dB (nominal)

Bandwidth (−10 dB)

Most cases

d

>80 MHz (nominal)

Start Freq < 300 MHz,
RF Burst Level Type = Absolute

Sweep Type = Swept 16 MHz (nominal)

Sweep Type = FFT

FFT Width > 25 MHz;
FFT Width 8 to 25 MHz;
FFT Width < 8 MHz

>80 MHz (nominal)
30 MHz (nominal)
16 MHz (nominal)

Frequency Limitations If the start or center frequency is too close to zero,

LO feedthrough can degrade or prevent triggering.
How close is too close depends on the bandwidth
listed above.

27

PXA Signal Analyzer
Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

External Triggers See “Trigger Inputs” on page 91

TV Triggers Triggers on the leading edge of the selected sync

pulse of standardized TV signals.

Amplitude Requirements –65 dBm minimum video carrier power at the input

mixer, nominal

Compatible Standards NTSC-M,

NTSC-Japan,
NTSC-4.43,
PAL-M, PAL-N, PAL-N
Combination,
PAL-B/-D/-G/-H/-I.
PAL-60, SECAM-L

Field Selection Entire Frame, Field

One, Field Two

Line Selection 1 to 525, or 1 to 625,

standard dependent

a. The highest allowed mixer level depends on the IF Gain. It is nominally –10 dBm for Preamp Off and IF Gain =

Low.

b. Noise will limit trigger level range at high frequencies, such as above 15 GHz.
c. With positive slope trigger. Trigger level with negative slope is nominally 1 to 4 dB lower than positive slope.
d. Include RF Burst Level Type = Relative.

28

PXA Signal Analyzer
Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Gated Sweep

Gate Methods Gated LO

Gated Video
Gated FFT

Span Range Any span

Gate Delay Range 0 to 100.0 s

Gate Delay Settability 4 digits, ≥100 ns

Gate Delay Jitter 33.3 ns p-p (nominal)

Gate Length Range

(Except Method = FFT)

Gated FFT and Gated Video Frequency
and Amplitude Errors

1 μs to 5.0 s Gate length for the FFT method is fixed at

1.83/RBW, with nominally 2% tolerance.

Nominally no additional error for gated
measurements when the Gate Delay is greater
than the MIN FAST setting

Gated LO Frequency Errors

Gate ≥ 10 μs Nominally no additional error when the Gate

Delay is greater than the MIN FAST setting

1.0 μs ≤ Gate < 10 μs Nominal error given by 100 ns × N × (Span/ST) ×
√(SpanPosition × ST / GateLength); see footnote

Gated LO Amplitude Errors Nominally no additional error when the Gate

Delay is greater than the MIN FAST setting

Phase Noise Effects Gated LO method overrides the loop

configuration to force single loop in place of dual
loop.

Gate Sources External 1

Pos or neg edge triggered

External 2
Line
RF Burst
Periodic

a

a. ST is sweep time; SpanPosition is the location of the on-screen signal, 0 being the left edge of the screen and 1

being the right edge. N is the harmonic mixing number.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Number of Frequency Sweep Points (buckets)

Factory preset 1001

Range 1 to 100,001 Zero and non-zero spans

29

PXA Signal Analyzer
Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Resolution Bandwidth (RBW)

Range (−3.01 dB bandwidth)
Standard

With Option B85 and Option RBE

With Option B1X and Option RBE

a

a

With Option B2X or B5X and Option RBE

Power bandwidth accuracy

b

RBW Range CF Range

1 Hz to 8 MHz
Bandwidths above 3 MHz are 4, 5, 6, and
8 MHz.
Bandwidths 1 Hz to 3 MHz are spaced at
10% spacing using the E24 series (24
per decade): 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, 1.6,

1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.7, 3.0, 3.3, 3.6, 3.9,

4.3, 4.7, 5.1, 5.6, 6.2, 6.8, 7.5, 8.2, 9.1 in
each decade.

10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, and
70 MHz, in Spectrum Analyzer mode and
zero span.

10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80,
100, and 133 MHz, in Spectrum Analyzer
m o d e a n d z e ro s p a n .

a

10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80,
100, 133, 150, 200, and 212 MHz, in
Spectrum Analyzer mode and zero span.

1 Hz to 100 kHz All ±0.5% (0.022 dB)

110 kHz to 1.0 MHz < 3.6 GHz ±1.0% (0.044 dB)

1.1 to 2.0 MHz < 3.6 GHz ±0.07 dB (nominal)

2.2 to 3 MHz < 3.6 GHz 0 to −0.2 dB (nominal)

4 to 8 MHz < 3.6 GHz 0 to −0.4 dB (nominal)

Noise BW to RBW ratio

Accuracy (−3.01 dB bandwidth)

c

d

1.056 ±2% (nominal)

1 Hz to 1.3 MHz RBW ±2% (nominal)

1.5 MHz to 3 MHz RBW

CF ≤ 3.6 GHz
CF > 3.6 GHz

±7% (nominal)
±8% (nominal)

4 MHz to 8 MHz RBW

CF ≤ 3.6 GHz
CF > 3.6 GHz

±15% (nominal)
±20% (nominal)

Selectivity (−60 dB/−3 dB) 4.1:1 (nominal)

30

PXA Signal Analyzer
Frequency and Time

a. Option RBE enables wider bandwidth filters in zero span in the Signal Analyzer mode. Available detectors are

Peak+ and Average. VBW filtering is disabled. Minimum sweep time is the greater of 200 μS or 200ns/pt. The fil­ter shape is approximately square. Support for Average detector was first added in SW Version A.23.05.

b. The noise marker, band power marker, channel power and ACP all compute their results using the power band-

width of the RBW used for the measurement. Power bandwidth accuracy is the power uncertainty in the results
of these measurements due only to bandwidth-related errors. (The analyzer knows this power bandwidth for
each RBW with greater accuracy than the RBW width itself, and can therefore achieve lower errors.) The war­ranted specifications shown apply to the Gaussian RBW filters used in swept and zero span analysis. There are
four different kinds of filters used in the spectrum analyzer: Swept Gaussian, Swept Flattop, FFT Gaussian and
FFT Flattop. While the warranted performance only applies to the swept Gaussian filters, because only they are
kept under statistical process control, the other filters nominally have the same performance.

c. The ratio of the noise bandwidth (also known as the power bandwidth) to the RBW has the nominal value and tol-

erance shown. The RBW can also be annotated by its noise bandwidth instead of this 3 dB bandwidth. The accu­racy of this annotated value is similar to that shown in the power bandwidth
accuracy specification.

d. Resolution Bandwidth Accuracy can be observed at slower sweep times than auto-coupled conditions. Normal

sweep rates cause the shape of the RBW filter displayed on the analyzer screen to widen by nominally 6%. This
widening declines to 0.6% nominal when the Swp Time Rules key is set to Accuracy instead of Normal. The true
bandwidth, which determines the response to impulsive signals and noise-like signals, is not affected by the
sweep rate.

Description Specification Supplemental information

Analysis Bandwidth

a

Standard 25 MHz

With Option B40 40 MHz

With Option B85 85 MHz

With Option B1X 160 MHz

With Option B2X 255 MHz

With Option B5X 510 MHz

a. Analysis bandwidth is the instantaneous bandwidth available about a center frequency over which the input sig-

nal can be digitized for further analysis or processing in the time, frequency, or modulation domain.

31

PXA Signal Analyzer
Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Preselector Bandwidth Relevant to many options, such as B1X Wide IF Bandwidth, in

Bands 1 and higher. Nominal.

Mean Bandwidth at CF

a

Freq option ≤ 526 Freq option > 526

5 GHz 58 MHz 46 MHz

10 GHz 57 MHz 52 MHz

15 GHz 59 MHz 53 MHz

20 GHz 64 MHz 55 MHz

25 GHz 74 MHz 56 MHz

35 GHz 62 MHz

44 GHz 70 MHz

Standard Deviation 9% 7%

–3 dB Bandwidth –7.5% relative to –4 dB bandwidth, nominal

a. The preselector can have a significant passband ripple. To avoid ambiguous results, the –4 dB bandwidth is

characterized.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Video Bandwidth (VBW)

Range Same as Resolution Bandwidth range

plus wide-open VBW (labeled 50 MHz)

Accuracy ±6% (nominal)

in swept mode and zero span

a. For FFT processing, the selected VBW is used to determine a number of averages for FFT results. That number is

chosen to give roughly equivalent display smoothing to VBW filtering in a swept measurement. For example, if
VBW = 0.1 × RBW, four FFTs are averaged to generate one result.

a

32

PXA Signal Analyzer
Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Measurement Range

Preamp Off Displayed Average Noise Level to +30 dBm

Preamp On

RF (Option 503) Displayed Average Noise Level to +30 dBm

μW (Options 508, 513, 526) Displayed Average Noise Level to +24 dBm

mmW (Options 544, 550) Displayed Average Noise Level to +20 dBm

Input Attenuation Range 0 to 70 dB, in 2 dB steps

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Maximum Safe Input Level Applies with or without preamp

(Options P03, P08, P13, P26, P44, P50)

Average Total Power +30 dBm (1 W)

Peak Pulse Power

(≤10 μs pulse width,
≤1% duty cycle,

input attenuation ≥ 30 dB)

DC voltage

DC Coupled ±0.2 Vdc

AC Coupled ±100 Vdc

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Display Range

Log Scale Ten divisions displayed;

Linear Scale Ten divisions

+50 dBm (100 W)

0.1 to 1.0 dB/division in 0.1 dB steps, and
1 to 20 dB/division in 1 dB steps

33

PXA Signal Analyzer
Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Marker Readout

Resolution

Log (decibel) units

Trace Averaging Off, on-screen 0.01 dB

Trace Averaging On or remote 0.001 dB

Linear units resolution ≤1% of signal level (nominal)

34

PXA Signal Analyzer
Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Frequency Response

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Frequency Response Refer to the footnote for

(Maximum error relative to reference
condition (50 MHz)

Mechanical attenuator only
Swept operation

c

b

Attenuation 10 dB)

Option 544, or 550 (mmW)

Option 503, 508, 513, or 526 (RF/μW)

20 to 30°CFull range 95th Percentile (≈2σ)

Band Overlaps on
page 21

Freq Option 526 only: Modes
above 18 GHz

.

a

3 Hz to 10 MHz x

d

10 to 20 MHz

10 to 20 MHz

20 to 50 MHz

d

20 to 50 MHz

x ±0.46 dB ±0.54 dB

x ±0.35 dB ±0.44 dB

x ±0.46 dB ±0.54 dB

x ±0.35 dB ±0.44 dB ±0.16 dB

x ±0.35 dB ±0.44 dB ±0.19 dB

50 MHz to 3.6 GHz x ±0.35 dB ±0.44 dB ±0.16 dB

50 MHz to 3.6 GHz

3.6 to 3.7 GHz (Band 0) x

3.5 to 5.2 GHz

3.5 to 5.2 GHz

5.2 to 8.4 GHz

5.2 to 8.4 GHz

8.3 to 13.6 GHz

8.3 to 13.6 GHz

fg

fg

fg

fg

fg

fg

x ±0.35 dB ±0.47 dB ±0.15 dB

See note

x ±1.5 dB ±2.5 dB ±0.54 dB

x ±1.7 dB ±3.5 dB ±0.70 dB

x ±1.5 dB ±2.5 dB ±0.54 dB

x ±1.5 dB ±2.5 dB ±0.57 dB

x ±2.0 dB ±2.7 dB ±0.56 dB

x ±2.0 dB ±2.5 dB ±0.54 dB

e

13.5 to 16 GHz (with Option EP0)

16 to 17 GHz (with Option EP0)

fg

fg

13.5 to 17.1 GHz (without Option EP0)

x

x

fg

x ±2.0 dB ±2.7 dB

±2.0 dB ±2.7 dB ±0.55 dB

±2.0 dB ±3.0 dB ±0.81 dB

35

±0.62 dB

PXA Signal Analyzer
Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

13.5 to 17.1 GHz

fg

x ±2.0 dB ±2.7 dB ±0.64 dB

Frequency Response (cont.)

17.0 to 22 GHz

17.0 to 22 GHz

22.0 to 26.5 GHz

22.0 to 26.5 GHz

26.4 to 34.5 GHz

34.4 to 50 GHz

fg

fg

fg

fg

fg

fg

x ±2.0 dB ±2.7 dB ±0.65 dB

x ±2.0 dB ±2.8 dB ±0.72 dB

x ±2.5 dB ±3.7 dB ±0.82 dB

x ±2.5 dB ±3.5 dB ±0.71 dB

x ±2.5 dB ±3.5 dB ±1.00 dB

x ±3.2 dB ±4.9 dB ±1.37 dB

a. Signal frequencies above 18 GHz are prone to additional response errors due to modes in the Type-N connector

used. Only analyzers with frequency Option 526 that do not also have input connector Option C35 will have
these modes.With the use of Type-N to APC 3.5 mm adapter part number 1250-1744, there are nominally six such

modes. The effect of these modes with this connector are included within these specifications.
b. See the Electronic Attenuator (Option EA3) chapter for Frequency Response using the electronic attenuator.
c. For Sweep Type = FFT, add the RF flatness errors of this table to the IF Frequency Response errors. An additional

error source, the error in switching between swept and FFT sweep types, is nominally ±0.01 dB and is included

within the “Absolute Amplitude Error” specifications.
d. Specifications apply with DC coupling at all frequencies. With AC coupling, specifications apply at frequencies of

50 MHz and higher. Statistical observations at 10 MHz and lower show that most instruments meet the specifica-

tion, but a few percent of instruments can be expected to have errors that, while within the specified limits, are

closer to those limits than the measurement uncertainty guardband, and thus are not warranted. The AC coupling

effect at 20 to 50 MHz is negligible, but not warranted.
e. Band 0 is extendable (set “Extend Low Band” to On) to 3.7 GHz instead of 3.6 GHz in instruments with frequency

option 508, 513 or 526. Subject to these conditions, statistical observations show that performance nominally fits

within the same range within the 3.6 to 3.7 GHz frequencies as within the next lower specified frequency range, but

is not warranted.
f. Specifications for frequencies >3.5 GHz apply for sweep rates ≤100 MHz/ms.
g. Preselector centering applied.

36

PXA Signal Analyzer
Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Nominal Frequency Response Band 0 without Option EP0 [Plot]

Nominal Frequency Response Band 0 with Option EP0 [Plot]

37

PXA Signal Analyzer
Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

IF Frequency Response

a

Freq Option 526 only: Modes above 18 GHz

b

(Demodulation and FFT
response relative to the
center frequency)

Center
Freq (GHz)

(MHz)

Preselector

Max Errord

Midwidth Error

(95th Percentile)

Slope (dB/MHz)
(95th Percentile)

RMSe

(nominal)

c

Span

< 3.6 ≤10 ±0.20 dB ±0.12 dB ±0.10 0.02 dB

≥ 3.6, ≤ 26.5 ≤10 On 0.23 dB

f

≥ 3.6, ≤ 26.5 ≤10

Off

±0.25 dB ±0.12 dB ±0.10 0.02 dB

≥ 26.5, ≤ 50 ≤10 On 0.12 dB

f

> 26.5, ≤ 50 ≤10

Off

±0.30 dB ±0.12 dB ±0.10 0.024 dB

a. The IF frequency response includes effects due to RF circuits such as input filters, that are a function of RF fre-

quency, in addition to the IF passband effects.

b. Signal frequencies above 18 GHz are prone to additional response errors due to modes in the Type-N connector

used. Only analyzers with frequency Option 526 that do not also have input connector Option C35 will have
these modes.With the use of Type-N to APC 3.5 mm adapter part number 1250-1744, there are nominally six
such modes. These modes cause nominally up to −0.35 dB amplitude change, with phase errors of nominally up
to ±1.2°.

c. This column applies to the instantaneous analysis bandwidth in use. In the Spectrum Analyzer Mode, this would

be the FFT width.

d. The maximum error at an offset (f) from the center of the FFT width is given by the expression

± [Midwidth Error + (f × Slope)], but never exceeds ±Max Error. Here the Midwidth Error is the error at the center
frequency for a given FFT span. Usually, the span is no larger than the FFT width in which case the center of the
FFT width is the center frequency of the analyzer. When using the Spectrum Analyzer mode with an analyzer span
is wider than the FFT width, the span is made up of multiple concatenated FFT results, and thus has multiple cen­ters of FFT widths; in this case the f in the equation is the offset from the nearest center. Performance is nominally
three times better at most center frequencies.

e. The “rms” nominal performance is the standard deviation of the response relative to the center frequency, inte-

grated across the span. This performance measure was observed at a center frequency in each harmonic mixing
band, which is representative of all center frequencies; it is not the worst case frequency.

f. Option MPB is installed and enabled.

38

PXA Signal Analyzer
Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

IF Phase Linearity Deviation from mean phase linearity

Freq Option 526 only: Modes above 18 GHz

Without Option EP0 With Option EP0

a

Center Freq
(GHz)

Span
(MHz)

Preselector Peak-to-

peak

(nominal)

RMS
(nominal)

b

Peak-to

-peak

(nominal)

RMS
(nominal)

≥ 0.02, < 3.6 ≤10 n/a 0.06° 0.012° 0.17° 0.037°

≥ 3.6 ≤10

Off

0.10° 0.022° 0.31° 0.067°

c

≥ 3.6 ≤10 On 0.11° 0.024° 0.83° 0.170°

a. Signal frequencies above 18 GHz are prone to additional response errors due to modes in the Type-N connector

used. Only analyzers with frequency Option 526 that do not also have input connector Option C35 will have
these modes.With the use of Type-N to APC 3.5 mm adapter part number 1250-1744, there are nominally six
such modes. These modes cause nominally up to −0.35 dB amplitude change, with phase errors of nominally up
to ±1.2°.

b. The listed performance is the standard deviation of the phase deviation relative to the mean phase deviation from

a linear phase condition, where the rms is computed across the span shown and over the range of center fre­quencies shown.

c. Option MPB is installed and enabled.

b

39

PXA Signal Analyzer
Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Absolute Amplitude Accuracy

At 50 MHz

20 to 30°C
Full temperature range

At all frequencies

20 to 30°C
Full temperature range

95th Percentile Absolute
Amplitude Accuracy

a

±0.24 dB

±0.13 dB

(95th percentile)

±0.28 dB

a

±(0.24 dB + frequency response)
±(0.28 dB + frequency response)

±0.19 dB

b

(Wide range of signal levels,
RBWs, RLs, etc.,

0.01 to 3.6 GHz,
Atten = 10 dB)

Amplitude Reference Accuracy ±0.05 dB (nominal)

Preamp On

c

±(0.36 dB + frequency response)

(P03, P08, P13, P26, P44, P50)

a. Absolute amplitude accuracy is the total of all amplitude measurement errors, and applies over the following

subset of settings and conditions: 1 Hz ≤ RBW ≤ 1MHz; Input signal −10 to −50 dBm (details below); Input
attenuation 10 dB; span < 5 MHz (nominal additional error for span ≥ 5 MHz is 0.02 dB); all settings auto-cou­pled except Swp Time Rules = Accuracy; combinations of low signal level and wide RBW use VBW ≤ 30 kHz to
reduce noise. When using FFT sweeps, the signal must be at the center frequency.
This absolute amplitude accuracy specification includes the sum of the following individual specifications under
the conditions listed above: Scale Fidelity, Reference Level Accuracy, Display Scale Switching Uncertainty, Res­olution Bandwidth Switching Uncertainty, 50 MHz Amplitude Reference Accuracy, and the accuracy with which
the instrument aligns its internal gains to the 50 MHz Amplitude Reference.
The only difference between signals within the range above –50 dBm and those signals below that level is the
scale fidelity. Our specifications and experience show no difference between signals above and below this level.
The only reason our Absolute Amplitude Uncertainty specification does not go below this level is that noise
detracts from our ability to verify the performance at all levels with acceptable test times and yields. So the per­formance is not warranted at lower levels, but we fully expect it to be the same.

40

PXA Signal Analyzer
Amplitude Accuracy and Range

b. Absolute Amplitude Accuracy for a wide range of signal and measurement settings, covers the 95th percentile

proportion with 95% confidence. Here are the details of what is covered and how the computation is made:
The wide range of conditions of RBW, signal level, VBW, reference level and display scale are discussed in foot­note a. There are 44 quasi-random combinations used, tested at a 50 MHz signal frequency. We compute the
95th percentile proportion with 95% confidence for this set observed over a statistically significant number of
instruments. Also, the frequency response relative to the 50 MHz response is characterized by varying the signal
across a large number of quasi-random verification frequencies that are chosen to not correspond with the fre­quency response adjustment frequencies. We again compute the 95th percentile proportion with 95% confi­dence for this set observed over a statistically significant number of instruments. We also compute the 95th
percentile accuracy of tracing the calibration of the 50 MHz absolute amplitude accuracy to a national stan­dards organization. We also compute the 95th percentile accuracy of tracing the calibration of the relative fre­quency response to a national standards organization. We take the root-sum-square of these four independent
Gaussian parameters. To that rss we add the environmental effects of temperature variations across the 20 to
30°C range. These computations and measurements are made with the mechanical attenuator only in circuit,
set to the reference state of 10 dB.
A similar process is used for computing the result when using the electronic attenuator under a wide range of
settings: all even settings from 4 through 24 dB inclusive, with the mechanical attenuator set to 10 dB. The 95th
percentile result was 0.21 dB.

c. Same settings as footnote a, except that the signal level at the preamp input is −40 to −80 dBm. Total power at

preamp (dBm) = total power at input (dBm) minus input attenuation (dB). This specification applies for signal
frequencies above 100 kHz.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Input Attenuation Switching Uncertainty Refer to the footnote for

Band Overlaps on page 21

(Relative to 10 dB (reference setting)

50 MHz (reference frequency), preamp off

Attenuation 12 to 40 dB ±0.14 dB ±0.04 dB (typical)

Attenuation 2 to 8 dB, or > 40 dB ±0.18 dB ±0.06 dB (typical)

Attenuation 0 dB ±0.05 dB (nominal)

Attenuation > 2 dB, preamp off

3 Hz to 3.6 GHz ±0.3 dB (nominal)

3.5 to 8.4 GHz ±0.5 dB (nominal)

8.3 to 13.6 GHz ±0.7 dB (nominal)

13.5 to 26.5 GHz ±0.7 dB (nominal)

26.5 to 50.0 GHz ±1.0 dB (nominal)

41

PXA Signal Analyzer
Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

RF Input VSWR

(at tuned frequency, DC coupled)

mmW (Option 544, or 550)

RF/μW (Option 503, 508, 513, or 526)

10 dB atten, 50 MHz (ref condition) x 1.07:1 (nominal)

10 dB atten, 50 MHz (ref condition)

0 dB atten, 0.01 to 3.6 GHz x

x 1.09:1 (nominal)

x < 2.2:1 (nominal)

95th Percentile

Band 0 (0.01 to 3.6 GHz, 10 dB atten) x 1.139

Band 0 (0.01 to 3.6 GHz, 10 dB atten)

x 1.134

Band 1 (3.5 to 8.4 GHz, 10 dB atten) x 1.290

Band 1 (3.5 to 8.4 GHz, 10 dB atten)

x 1.152

Band 2 (8.3 to 13.6 GHz, 10 dB atten) x 1.388

Band 2 (8.3 to 13.6 GHz, 10 dB atten)

x 1.178

Band 3 (13.5 to 17.1 GHz, 10 dB atten) x 1.41

Band 3 (13.5 to 17.1 GHz, 10 dB atten)

x 1.212

Band 4 (17.0 to 26.5 GHz, 10 dB atten) x 1.48

Band 4 (17.0 to 26.5 GHz, 10 dB atten)

Band 5 (26.4 to 34.5 GHz, 10 dB atten)

Band 6 (34.4 to 50 GHz, 10 dB atten)

x 1.331

x 1.373

x 1.389

a

Nominal VSWR vs. Freq, 10 dB See plots following

Atten > 10 dB Similar to atten = 10 dB

RF Calibrator (e.g. 50 MHz) is On Open input

Alignments running Open input for some, unless "All but

RF" is selected

Preselector centering Open input

42

PXA Signal Analyzer
Amplitude Accuracy and Range

a. X-Series analyzers have a reflection coefficient that is excellently modeled with a Rayleigh probability distribu-

tion. Keysight recommends using the methods outlined in Application Note 1449-3 and companion Average
Power Sensor Measurement Uncertainty Calculator to compute mismatch uncertainty. Use this 95th percentile
VSWR information and the Rayleigh model (Case C or E in the application note) with that process.

Nominal VSWR Low Band [Plot]

43

PXA Signal Analyzer
Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Nominal VSWR, above 3.5 GHz [Plot]

44

PXA Signal Analyzer
Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Resolution Bandwidth Switching Uncertainty Relative to reference BW of 30 kHz,

1.0 Hz to 1.5 MHz RBW ±0.03 dB

verified in low band

a

1.6 MHz to 2.7 MHz RBW ±0.05 dB

3.0 MHz RBW ±0.10 dB

Manually selected wide RBWs: 4, 5, 6, 8 MHz ±0.30 dB

a. RBW switching uncertainty is verified at 50 MHz. It is consistent for all measurements made without the prese-

lector, thus in Band 0 and also in higher bands with the Preselector Bypass option. In preselected bands, the
slope of the preselector passband can interact with the RBW shape to make an apparent additional RBW
switching uncertainty of nominally ±0.05 dB/MHz times the RBW.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Reference Level

Range

Log Units −170 to +30 dBm, in 0.01 dB steps

Linear Units 707 pV to 7.07 V, with 0.01 dB resolution (0.11%)

Accuracy

0 dB

a

a. Because reference level affects only the display, not the measurement, it causes no additional error in measure-

ment results from trace data or markers.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Display Scale Switching Uncertainty

Switching between Linear and Log

Log Scale Switching

0 dB

0 dB

a

a

a. Because Log/Lin and Log Scale Switching affect only the display, not the measurement, they cause no addi-

tional error in measurement results from trace data or markers.

45

PXA Signal Analyzer

3

σ

320dB()110

SN⁄ 3dB+()20dB⁄()–

+log=

Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Display Scale Fidelity

ab

Absolute Log-Linear Fidelity

(Relative to the reference condition: −25 dBm
input through 10 dB attenuation, thus

−35 dBm at the input mixer)

Input mixer level

c

Linearity

Typical

−18 dBm ≤ ML ≤ −10 dBm ±0.10 dB ±0.04 dB

ML < −18 dBm ±0.07 dB ±0.02 dB

Relative Fidelity

d

Applies for mixer levelc range from −10 to

−80 dBm, mechanical attenuator only,
preamp off, and dither on.

Sum of the following terms: Nominal

high level term

instability term

slope term

prefilter term

Up to ±0.015 dB

0.0019 dBrms

From equation

Up to ±0.005 dB

e

f

g

h

a. Supplemental information: The amplitude detection linearity specification applies at all levels below −10 dBm at

the input mixer; however, noise will reduce the accuracy of low level measurements. The amplitude error due to
noise is determined by the signal-to-noise ratio, S/N. If the S/N is large (20 dB or better), the amplitude error
due to noise can be estimated from the equation below, given for the 3-sigma (three standard deviations) level.

The errors due to S/N ratio can be further reduced by averaging results. For large S/N (20 dB or better), the
3-sigma level can be reduced proportional to the square root of the number of averages taken.

b. The scale fidelity is warranted with ADC dither set to Medium. Dither increases the noise level by nominally only

0.28 dB for the most sensitive case (preamp Off, best DANL frequencies). With dither Off, scale fidelity for low
level signals, around −60 dBm or lower, will nominally degrade by 0.2 dB. Dither High will give exceptional lin­ear relative scale fidelity, but increase DANL by 0.63 dB instead of 0.28 dB.

c. Mixer level = Input Level − Input Attenuation

d. The relative fidelity is the error in the measured difference between two signal levels. It is so small in many cases

that it cannot be verified without being dominated by measurement uncertainty of the verification. Because of
this verification difficulty, this specification gives nominal performance, based on numbers that are as conserva­tively determined as those used in warranted specifications. We will consider one example of the use of the error
equation to compute the nominal performance.
Example: the accuracy of the relative level of a sideband around −60 dBm, with a carrier at −5dBm, using atten­uation = 10 dB, RBW = 3 kHz, evaluated with swept analysis. The high level term is evaluated with P1 =

−15 dBm and P2 = −70 dBm at the mixer. This gives a maximum error within ±0.008 dB. The instability term is
±0.0019 dB if the measurement is completed within a minute. The slope term evaluates to ±0.022 dB. The pre-
filter term applies and evaluates to the limit of ±0.005 dB. The sum of all these terms is ±0.037 dB.

46

PXA Signal Analyzer
Amplitude Accuracy and Range

e. Errors at high mixer levels will nominally be well within the range of ±0.015 dB × {exp[(P1 − Pref)/(8.69 dB)] −

x

exp[(P2 − Pref)/(8.69 dB)]} (exp is the natural exponent function, e

). In this expression, P1 and P2 are the pow-

ers of the two signals, in decibel units, whose relative power is being measured. Pref is −10 dBm (−10 dBm is
the highest power for which linearity is specified). All these levels are referred to the mixer level.

f. The stability of the analyzer gain can be an error term of importance when no settings have changed. These have

been studied carefully in the PXA. One source of instability is the variation in analyzer response with time when
fully warmed up in a stable lab environment. This has been observed to be well modeled as a random walk pro­cess, where the difference in two measurements spaced by time t is given by a × sqrt(t), where a is

0.0019 dBrms per root minute. The other source of instability is updated alignments from running full or partial
alignments in the background or invoking an alignment. Invoked alignments (Align Now, All) have a standard
deviation of 0.0018 dB, and performing these will restart the random walk behavior. Partial alignments (Auto
Align set to "Partial") have a standard deviation that is, coincidentally, also 0.0018 dBrms, and only occurs once
every ten minutes. The standard deviation from full background alignment (Auto Align set to "Normal") is 0.015
dBrms; with these alignments on, there is no additional random walk behavior. (Keysight recommends setting
alignments (Auto Align) to Normal in order to make the best measurements over long periods of time or in envi­ronments without very high temperature stability. For short term measurements in highly stable environments,
setting alignments to Partial can give the best stability. Setting Alignments to Off is not recommended where
stability matters.)

g. Slope error will nominally be well within the range of ±0.0004 × (P1 − P2). P1 and P2 are defined in footnote e.

h. A small additional error is possible. In FFT sweeps, this error is possible for spans under 4.01 kHz. For non-FFT

measurements, it is possible for RBWs of 3.9 kHz or less. The error is well within the range of ±0.0021 × (P1 ­P2) subject to a maximum of ±0.005 dB. (The maximum dominates for all but very small differences.) P1 and P2
are defined in footnote e.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Available Detectors Normal, Peak, Sample, Negative Peak,

Average

Average detector works on RMS,
Voltage and Logarithmic scales

47

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

Dynamic Range

Gain Compression

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

1 dB Gain Compression Point (Two-tone)

abc

Maximum power at mixer

d

20 to 30°C Full range

20 to 40 MHz −3 dBm −4 dBm 0 dBm (typical)

40 to 200 MHz +1 dBm −1 dBm +3 dBm (typical)

200 MHz to 3.6 GHz +3 dBm +2 dBm +5 dBm (typical)

3.6 to 16 GHz +1 dBm 0 dBm +4 dBm (typical)

16 to 26.5 GHz −1 dBm −3 dBm +2 dBm (typical)

26.5 to 50 GHz 0 dBm (nominal)

Clipping (ADC Over-range)

Any signal offset −10 dBm

Signal offset > 5 times IF prefilter bandwidth and IF

Low frequency exceptions

+12 dBm (nominal)

Gain set to Low

IF Prefilter Bandwidth

e

Zero Span or

f

Swept

, RBW =

Sweep Type = FFT,

FFT Width =

–3 dB Bandwidth

(nominal)

≤ 3.9 kHz < 4.01 kHz 8.9 kHz

4.3 to 27 kHz < 28.81 kHz 79 kHz

30 to 160 kHz < 167.4 kHz 303 kHz

180 to 390 kHz < 411.9 kHz 966 kHz

430 kHz to 8 MHz < 7.99 MHz 10.9 MHz

a. Large signals, even at frequencies not shown on the screen, can cause the analyzer to incorrectly measure

on-screen signals because of two-tone gain compression. This specification tells how large an interfering signal
must be in order to cause a 1 dB change in an on-screen signal.

b. Specified at 1 kHz RBW with 100 kHz tone spacing. The compression point will nominally equal the specification

for tone spacing greater than 5 times the prefilter bandwidth. At smaller spacings, ADC clipping may occur at a
level lower than the 1 dB compression point.

48

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

c. Reference level and off-screen performance: The reference level (RL) behavior differs from some earlier analyz-

ers in a way that makes this analyzer more flexible. In other analyzers, the RL controlled how the measurement
was performed as well as how it was displayed. Because the logarithmic amplifier in these analyzers had both
range and resolution limitations, this behavior was necessary for optimum measurement accuracy. The logarith­mic amplifier in this signal analyzer, however, is implemented digitally such that the range and resolution greatly
exceed other instrument limitations. Because of this, the analyzer can make measurements largely independent
of the setting of the RL without compromising accuracy. Because the RL becomes a display function, not a mea­surement function, a marker can read out results that are off-screen, either above or below, without any change
in accuracy. The only exception to the independence of RL and the way in which the measurement is performed
is in the input attenuation setting: When the input attenuation is set to auto, the rules for the determination of
the input attenuation include dependence on the reference level. Because the input attenuation setting controls
the tradeoff between large signal behaviors (third-order intermodulation, compression, and display scale fidel­ity) and small signal effects (noise), the measurement results can change with RL changes when the input atten­uation is set to auto.

d. Mixer power level (dBm) = input power (dBm) − input attenuation (dB).

e. The ADC clipping level declines at low frequencies (below 50 MHz) when the LO feedthrough (the signal that

appears at 0 Hz) is within 5 times the prefilter bandwidth (see table) and must be handled by the ADC. For
example, with a 300 kHz RBW and prefilter bandwidth at 966 kHz, the clipping level reduces for signal frequen­cies below 4.83 MHz. For signal frequencies below 2.5 times the prefilter bandwidth, there will be additional
reduction due to the presence of the image signal (the signal that appears at the negative of the input signal fre­quency) at the ADC.

f. This table applies without Option FS1 or FS2, fast sweep. With Option FS1or FS2, this table applies for

sweep rates that are manually chosen to be the same as or slower than "traditional" sweep rates, instead of the
much faster sweep rates, such as autocoupled sweep rates, available with FS1 or FS2. Sweep rate is defined to
be span divided by sweep time. If the sweep rate is ≤ 1.1 times RBW-squared, the table applies. Otherwise,
compute an "effective RBW" = Span / (SweepTime × RBW). To determine the IF Prefilter Bandwidth, look up
this effective RBW in the table instead of the actual RBW. For example, for RBW = 3 kHz, Span = 300 kHz, and
Sweep time = 42 ms, we compute that Sweep Rate = 7.1 MHz/s, while RBW-squared is 9 MHz/s. So the Sweep
Rate is < 1.1 times RBW-squared and the table applies; row 1 shows the IF Prefilter Bandwidth is nominally 8.9
kHz. If the sweep time is 1 ms, then the effective RBW computes to 100 kHz. This would result in an IF Prefilter
Bandwidth from the third row, nominally 303 kHz.

49

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

Displayed Average Noise Level

Description Specifications Supplemental

Information

DANL without Noise Floor Extension and without

Option EP0

a

Input terminated
Sample or Average detector
Averaging type = Log
0 dB input attenuation

Refer to the footnote
for

Band Overlaps on
page 21.

IF Gain = High
1 Hz Resolution Bandwidth

mmW with no signal path options

mmW with one or more signal path options

b

c

RF/μW without Option EP0

20 to 30°C Full range Typical

3 to 10 Hz

10 to 100 Hz

100 Hz to 1 kHz

1 to 9 kHz x

9 to 100 kHz x

100 kHz to 1 MHz x

1 to 10 MHz

d

10 MHz to 1.2 GHz x

x x x –100 dBm (nominal)

x x x –125 dBm (nominal)

x x x –130 dBm (nominal)

x x –145 dBm (nominal)

x x −146 dBm −146 dBm −151 dBm

x x −150 dBm −150 dBm −156 dBm

x x x −155 dBm −152 dBm −158 dBm

x x −154 dBm −152 dBm −155 dBm

1.2 to 2.1 GHz x

2.1 to 3 GHz x

3.0 to 3.6 GHz x

3.5 to 4.2 GHz

3.5 to 4.2 GHz

3.5 to 4.2 GHz

4.2 to 8.4 GHz

4.2 to 6.6 GHz

4.2 to 6.6 GHz

6.6 to 8.4 GHz

6.6 to 8.4 GHz

8.3 to 13.6 GHz

x x −153 dBm −152 dBm −155 dBm

x x −151 dBm −150 dBm −153 dBm

x x −151 dBm −149 dBm −153 dBm

x −147 dBm −146 dBm −150 dBm

x −143 dBm −141 dBm −147 dBm

x –145 dBm –143 dBm –148 dBm

x −150 dBm −148 dBm −152 dBm

x −144 dBm −142 dBm −148 dBm

x –146 dBm –144 dBm –149 dBm

x −147 dBm −145 dBm −149 dBm

x –149 dBm –147 dBm –151 dBm

x −149 dBm −147 dBm −151 dBm

8.3 to 13.6 GHz x −147 dBm −145 dBm −149 dBm

50

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

Description Specifications Supplemental

Information

8.3 to 13.6 GHz

13.5 to 16.9 GHz

13.5 to 14 GHz

13.5 to 14 GHz

14 to 17 GHz

14 to 17 GHz

16.9 to 20 GHz

17.0 to 22.5 GHz

17.0 to 22.5 GHz

20.0 to 26.5 GHz

22.5 to 26.5 GHz

22.5 to 26.5 GHz

26.4 to 30 GHz

26.4 to 30 GHz

30 to 34 GHz

x −149 dBm −147 dBm −151 dBm

x −145 dBm −143 dBm −147 dBm

x −143 dBm −141 dBm −146 dBm

x −145 dBm −143 dBm −148 dBm

x −145 dBm −143 dBm −148 dBm

x −147 dBm −145 dBm −150 dBm

x -143 dBm -140 dBm -145 dBm

x −141 dBm −139 dBm −146 dBm

x −145 dBm −143 dBm −148 dBm

x −137 dBm −135 dBm −140 dBm

x −139 dBm −137 dBm −143 dBm

x −142 dBm −140 dBm −145 dBm

x −138 dBm −136 dBm −142 dBm

x −141 dBm −139 dBm −145 dBm

x −138 dBm −135 dBm −142 dBm

30 to 34 GHz

33.9 to 37 GHz

33.9 to 37 GHz

37 to 40 GHz

37 to 40 GHz

40 to 49 GHz

40 to 46 GHz

46 to 49 GHz

49 to 50 GHz

49 to 50 GHz

Additional DANL, IF Gain = Low

e

x x x –164.5 dBm (nominal)

x −141 dBm −138 dBm −144 dBm

x −134 dBm −131 dBm −139 dBm

x −137 dBm −133 dBm −142 dBm

x −132 dBm −129 dBm −138 dBm

x −136 dBm −133 dBm −141 dBm

x −130 dBm −126 dBm −135 dBm

x −136 dBm −132 dBm −140 dBm

x −133 dBm −129 dBm −138 dBm

x −128 dBm −124 dBm −133 dBm

x −133 dBm −129 dBm −137 dBm

a. DANL for zero span and swept is measured in a 1 kHz RBW and normalized to the narrowest available RBW,

because the noise figure does not depend on RBW and 1 kHz measurements are faster.

b. Specifications marked with an x in this column apply to analyzers with mmW frequency options (Option 544 or

550) and none of the following options that affect the signal path: MPB, LNP, B85, B1X, B2X, or B5X.

c. Specifications marked with an x in this column apply to analyzers with mmW frequency options (Option 544 or

550) and one or more of the following options that affect the signal path: MPB, LNP, B85, B1X.

51

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

d. DANL below 10 MHz is affected by phase noise around the LO feedthrough signal. Specifications apply with the

best setting of the Phase Noise Optimization control, which is to choose the “Best Close-in φ Noise" for frequen­cies below about 150 kHz, and “Best Wide Offset φ Noise" for frequencies above about 150 kHz.

e. Setting the IF Gain to Low is often desirable in order to allow higher power into the mixer without overload, better

compression and better third-order intermodulation. When the Swept IF Gain is set to Low, either by auto cou­pling or manual coupling, there is noise added above that specified in this table for the IF Gain = High case. That
excess noise appears as an additional noise at the input mixer. This level has sub-decibel dependence on center
frequency. To find the total displayed average noise at the mixer for Swept IF Gain = Low, sum the powers of the
DANL for IF Gain = High with this additional DANL. To do that summation, compute DANLtotal = 10 × log
(10(DANLhigh/10) + 10(AdditionalDANL / 10)). In FFT sweeps, the same behavior occurs, except that FFT IF Gain
can be set to autorange, where it varies with the input signal level, in addition to forced High and Low settings.

52

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

DANL without Noise Floor Extension, with

Option EP0

a

Input terminated
Sample or Average detector
Averaging type = Log

Refer to the footnote for

Band Overlaps on
page 21.

0 dB input attenuation
IF Gain = High

1 Hz Resolution Bandwidth

mmW with Option EP0

RF/μW with Option EP0

20 to 30°CFull range Typical

3 to 10 Hz

10 to 100 Hz

100 Hz to 1 kHz

x –100 dBm (nominal)

x –125 dBm (nominal)

x –130 dBm (nominal)

1 to 9 kHz x –137dBm (nominal)

3 to 10 Hz

10 to 100 Hz

100 Hz to 1 kHz

x –95 dBm (nominal)

x –114 dBm (nominal)

x –128 dBm (nominal)

1 to 9 kHz

9 to 100 kHz

100 kHz to 1 MHz

1 to 10 MHz

b

x –136 dBm (nominal)

x −143 dBm −143 dBm −144 dBm

x −150 dBm −150 dBm −153 dBm

x

−155 dBm −152 dBm −156 dBm

10 MHz to 1.2 GHz x −154 dBm −152 dBm −155 dBm

1.2 to 2.1 GHz

2.1 to 3 GHz

3.0 to 3.6 GHz

9 to 100 kHz

100 kHz to 1 MHz

1 to 10 MHz

c

10 MHz to 1.2 GHz

1.2 to 2.1 GHz

2.1 to 3 GHz

3.0 to 3.6 GHz

3.5 to 4.2 GHz x

x −152 dBm −151 dBm −153 dBm

x −151 dBm −150 dBm −152 dBm

x −150 dBm −149 dBm −151 dBm

x −141 dBm −141 dBm −145 dBm

x −150 dBm −150 dBm −154 dBm

x −155 dBm −152 dBm −156 dBm
x −154 dBm −153 dBm −155 dBm

x −152 dBm −151 dBm −153 dBm

x −151 dBm −149 dBm −152 dBm

x −150 dBm −148 dBm −151 dBm

−147 dBm −146 dBm −150 dBm

53

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

3.5 to 4.2 GHz

4.2 to 8.4 GHz x

4.2 to 6.6 GHz

6.6 to 8.4 GHz

8.3 to 13.6 GHz

8.3 to 13.6 GHz

13.5 to 16.9 GHz x

13.5 to 14 GHz

14 to 17 GHz

17 to 22.5 GHz

16.9 to 20 GHz x

20.0 to 26.5 GHz x

22.5 to 26.5 GHz

26.4 to 30 GHz

30 to 34 GHz

x −143 dBm −141 dBm −147 dBm

−150 dBm −148 dBm −152 dBm

x −144 dBm −142 dBm −148 dBm

x −147 dBm −145 dBm −148 dBm

x −147 dBm −145 dBm −148 dBm

x −147 dBm −146 dBm −149 dBm

−145 dBm −143 dBm −147 dBm

x −143 dBm −141dBm −146 dBm

x −145 dBm −143dBm −148 dBm

x −141 dBm −139 dBm −145 dBm

-143 dBm -140 dBm -145 dBm

−135 dBm −133 dBm −138 dBm

x −139 dBm −137 dBm −142 dBm

x −138 dBm −136 dBm −142 dBm

x −138 dBm −135 dBm −142 dBm

33.9 to 37 GHz

37 to 40 GHz

40 to 49 GHz

49 to 50 GHz

Additional DANL, IF Gain = Low

d

x −134 dBm −131 dBm −139 dBm

x −132 dBm −129 dBm −138 dBm

x −130 dBm −126 dBm −134 dBm

x −128 dBm −124 dBm −133 dBm

x x –164.5 dBm (nominal)

a. DANL for zero span and swept is measured in a 1 kHz RBW and normalized to the narrowest available RBW,

because the noise figure does not depend on RBW and 1 kHz measurements are faster.

b. DANL below 10 MHz is affected by phase noise around the LO feedthrough signal. Specifications apply with the

best setting of the Phase Noise Optimization control, which is to choose the “Best Close-in φ Noise" for frequen­cies below about 150 kHz, and “Best Wide Offset φ Noise" for frequencies above about 150 kHz.

c. DANL below 10 MHz is affected by phase noise around the LO feedthrough signal. Specifications apply with the

best setting of the Phase Noise Optimization control, which is to choose the “Best Close-in φ Noise" for frequen­cies below about 150 kHz, and “Best Wide Offset φ Noise" for frequencies above about 150 kHz.

d. Setting the IF Gain to Low is often desirable in order to allow higher power into the mixer without overload, better

compression and better third-order intermodulation. When the Swept IF Gain is set to Low, either by auto cou­pling or manual coupling, there is noise added above that specified in this table for the IF Gain = High case. That
excess noise appears as an additional noise at the input mixer. This level has sub-decibel dependence on center
frequency. To find the total displayed average noise at the mixer for Swept IF Gain = Low, sum the powers of the
DANL for IF Gain = High with this additional DANL. To do that summation, compute DANLtotal = 10 × log
(10(DANLhigh/10) + 10(AdditionalDANL / 10)). In FFT sweeps, the same behavior occurs, except that FFT IF Gain
can be set to autorange, where it varies with the input signal level, in addition to forced High and Low settings.

54

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Displayed Average Noise Level with Noise Floor Extension Improvement

a

mmW with no signal path options

b

mmW with one or more signal path optionsc 95th Percentile (≈2σ)d

RF/μW (Option 503, 508, 513,or 526)

Band 0, f > 20 MHz

Band 0, f > 20 MHz

Band 0, f > 20 MHz

f

f

f

x 9 dB 10 dB

x 10 dB 9 dB

x 10 dB 9 dB

Preamp Off Preamp On

Band 1 x 10 dB 9 dB

Band 1

Band 1

x 9 dB 9 dB

x 10 dB 9 dB

Band 2 x 10 dB 10 dB

Band 2

Band 2

x 9 dB 8 dB

x 9 dB 8 dB

e

Band 3 x 9 dB 9 dB

Band 3

Band 3

x 9 dB 8 dB

x 10 dB 8 dB

Band 4 x 10 dB 8 dB

Band 4

Band 4

Band 5

Band 5

Band 6

Band 6

Improvement for CW Signals

g

Improvement, Pulsed-RF Signals

h

x 10 dB 9 dB

x 11 dB 9 dB

x 11 dB 8 dB

x 12 dB 9 dB

x 11 dB 7 dB

x 12 dB 8 dB

3.5 dB (nominal)

10.8 dB (nominal)

Improvement, Noise-Like Signals 9.1 dB (nominal)

55

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

a. This statement on the improvement in DANL is based on the statistical observations of the error in the effective

noise floor after NFE is applied. That effective noise floor can be a negative or a positive power at any frequency.
These 95th percentile values are based on the absolute value of that effective remainder noise power.

b. Specifications marked with an x in this column apply to analyzers with mmW frequency options (Option 544 or

550) and none of the following options that affect the signal path: MPB, LNP, B85, B1X, B2X or B5X.

c. Specifications marked with an x in this column apply to analyzers with mmW frequency options (Option 544 or

550) and one or more of the following options that affect the signal path: MPB, LNP, B85, B1X, B2X or B5X.

d. Unlike other 95th percentiles, these table values do not include delta environment effects. NFE is aligned in the

factory at room temperature. For best performance, in an environment that is different from room temperature,
such as an equipment rack with other instruments, we recommend running the "Characterize Noise Floor"
operation after the first time the analyzer has been installed in the environment, and given an hour to stabilize.

e. DANL of the preamp is specified with a 50Ω source impedance. Like all amplifiers, the noise varies with the source

impedance. When NFE compensates for the noise with an ideal source impedance, the variation in the remaining
noise level with the actual source impedance is greatly multiplied in a decibel sense.

f. NFE does not apply to the low frequency sensitivity. At frequencies below about 0.5 MHz, the sensitivity is domi-

nated by phase noise surrounding the LO feedthrough. The NFE is not designed to improve that performance. At
frequencies between 0.5 and 20 MHz the NFE effectiveness increases from nearly none to near its maximum.

g. Improvement in the uncertainty of measurement due to amplitude errors and variance of the results is modestly

improved by using NFE. The nominal improvement shown was evaluated for a 2 dB error with 250 traces averaged.
For extreme numbers of averages, the result will be as shown in the "Improvement for Noise-like Signals" and
DANL sections of this table.

h. Pulsed-RF signals are usually measured with peak detection. Often, they are also measured with many “max hold”

traces. When the measurement time in each display point is long compared to the reciprocal of the RBW, or the
number of traces max held is large, considerable variance reduction occurs in each measurement point. When the
variance reduction is large, NFE can be quite effective; when it is small, NFE has low effectiveness. For example, in
Band 0 with 100 pulses per trace element, in order to keep the error within ±3 dB error 95% of the time, the signal
can be 10.8 dB lower with NFE than without NFE.

56

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Displayed Average Noise Level with Noise Floor Extension

mmW with no signal path options

mmW with one or more signal path options

b

c

RF/μW (Option 503, 508, 513, or 526)

Band 0, f > 20 MHz

f

xxx −163 dBm −174 dBm

a

95th Percentile (≈2σ)b

Preamp Off

Preamp On

Band 1 x −162 dBm −174 dBm

Band 1

Band 1

x −159 dBm −172 dBm

x −160 dBm −172 dBm

Band 2 x −162 dBm −173 dBm

Band 2

Band 2

x −159 dBm −172 dBm

x −161 dBm −173 dBm

Band 3 x −156 dBm −172 dBm

c

Band 3

Band 3

x −159 dBm −173 dBm

x −161 dBm −174 dBm

Band 4 x −150 dBm −166 dBm

Band 4

Band 4

Band 5

Band 5

Band 6

Band 6

x −154 dBm −169 dBm

x −158 dBm −171 dBm

x −153 dBm −167 dBm

x −157 dBm −168 dBm

x −144 dBm −158 dBm

x −149 dBm −161 dBm

a. DANL with NFE is unlike DANL without NFE. It is based on the statistical observations of the error in the effective

noise floor after NFE is applied. That effective noise floor can be a negative or a positive power at any frequency.
These 95th percentile values are based on the absolute value of that effective remainder noise power.

b. Unlike other 95th percentiles, these table values do not include delta environment effects. NFE is aligned in the

factory at room temperature. For best performance, in an environment that is different from room temperature,
such as an equipment rack with other instruments, we recommend running the "Characterize Noise Floor"
operation after the first time the analyzer has been installed in the environment, and given an hour to stabilize.

57

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

c. NFE performance can give results below theoretical levels of noise in a termination resistor at room temperature,

about –174 dBm/Hz. this is intentional and usually desirable. NFE is not designed to report the noise at the input
of the analyzer; it reports how much more noise is at the input of the analyzer than was present in its alignment.
And its alignment includes the noise of a termination at room temperature. So it can often see the added noise
below the theoretical noise. Furthermore, DANL is defined with log averaging in a 1 Hz RBW, which is about 2.3 dB
lower than the noise density (power averaged) in a 1 Hz noise bandwidth.

58

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

Spurious Responses

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Spurious Responses: Residual and Image

Preamp Off
Option EP0 effects

a

b

(see Band Overlaps on page 21)

Residual Responses

c

200 kHz to 8.4 GHz (swept)
Zero span or FFT or other frequencies

−100 dBm

−100 dBm

(nominal)

Image Responses

Tuned Freq (f) Excitation

Freq

Mixer
Level

Response Response (typical)

d

RF/μWmmWRF/μW mmW

10 MHz to 26.5 GHz f+45 MHz −10 dBm −80 dBc −80 dBc −118 dBc

−105 dBc (EP0)

10 MHz to 3.6 GHz f+10245 MHz −10 dBm −80 dBc −80 dBc −112 dBc

−106 dBc (EP0)

−118 dBc

−117 dBc (EP0)

−112 dBc

−104 dBc (EP0)

10 MHz to 3.6 GHz f+645 MHz −10 dBm −80 dBc −80 dBc −101 dBc −101 dBc

3.5 to 13.6 GHz f+645 MHz −10 dBm −78 dBc

e

−80 dBc −87 dBc −102 dBc

13.5 to 17.1 GHz f+645 MHz −10 dBm −74 dBc −80 dBc −84 dBc −102 dBc

17.0 to 22 GHz f+645 MHz −10 dBm −70 dBc −80 dBc −82 dBc −100 dBc

22 to 26.5 GHz f+645 MHz −10 dBm −68 dBc −70 dBc −79 dBc

−75 dBc (EP0)

−97 dBc

−90 dBc (EP0)

26.5 to 50 GHz f+45 MHz −30 dBm –90 dBc

(nominal)

26.5 to 34.5 GHz f+645 MHz −30 dBm –70 dBc –94 dBc

34.4 to 42 GHz f+645 MHz −30 dBm –59 dBc –79 dBc

−76 dBc (EP0)

42 to 50 GHz f+645 MHz −30 dBm –75 dBc

(nominal)

a. The spurious response specifications only apply with the preamp turned off. When the preamp is turned on, per-

formance is nominally the same as long as the mixer level is interpreted to be: Mixer Level = Input Level − Input
Attenuation + Preamp Gain

b. Where the presence of Option EP0 affects the performance, it is noted with "(EP0)" text.
c. Input terminated, 0 dB input attenuation.
d. Mixer Level = Input Level − Input Attenuation.

59

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

e. We also support the following additional spurious responses specifications from 8 to 12 GHz at 20 to 30º C. Image

responses are warranted to be better than –82 dBc, with 95th percentile performance of –88.3 dBc. LO-related
spurious responses are warranted to be better than –83 dBc at 1 to 10 MHz offsets from the carrier, with phase
noise optimization set to Best Wide-Offset.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Spurious Responses: Other

First RF Order

Mixer Level

b

a

Response

Response (typical)

(f ≥ 10 MHz from carrier)

Carrier Frequency ≤ 26.5 GHz −10 dBm

−80 dBc + 20 × log(N

c

)

Includes IF feedthrough, LO
harmonic mixing responses

Carrier Frequency > 26.5 GHz −30 dBm –90 dBc (nominal)

Higher RF Order

d

(f ≥ 10 MHz from carrier)

c

Includes higher order mixer

Carrier Frequency ≤ 26.5 GHz −40 dBm

−80 dBc + 20 × log(N

)

responses

Carrier Frequency > 26.5 GHz

LO-Related Spurious Responses

e

−30 dBm −90 dBc (nominal)

fe

−10 dBm

−68 dBc

+ 20 × log(Nc) −72 dBc + 20 × log(Nc) (typical)

(Offset from carrier 200 Hz to 10 MHz)

Close-in Sidebands Spurious Response
(LO Related, offset < 200 MHz)

−73 dBc
(nominal)

e

+ 20 × log(Nc)

a. Mixer Level = Input Level − Input Attenuation.
b. With first RF order spurious products, the indicated frequency will change at the same rate as the input, with

higher order, the indicated frequency will change at a rate faster than the input.
c. N is the LO multiplication factor.
d. RBW=100 Hz. With higher RF order spurious responses, the observed frequency will change at a rate faster than

the input frequency.
e. Nominally −40 dBc under large magnetic (0.38 Gauss rms) or vibrational (0.21 g rms) environmental stimuli.
f. We also support the following additional spurious responses specifications from 8 to 12 GHz at 20 to 30º C.

Image responses are warranted to be better than –82 dBc, with 95th percentile performance of –88.3 dBc.

LO-related spurious responses are warranted to be better than –83 dBc at 1 to 10 MHz offsets from the carrier,

with phase noise optimization set to Best Wide-Offset.

60

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

Second Harmonic Distortion

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Second Harmonic Distortion

mmW (Option 544, or 550)

RF/μW (Option 503, 508, 513, or 526)

Mixer
Level

Distortion

a

SHI

Distortion

(nominal)

bc

Source Frequency

0 to 100 MHz x x –15 dBm –57 dBc +42 dBm

d

to 3 GHz

d

x

x –15 dBm –60 dBc +45 dBm

x –15 dBm –77 dBc +62 dBm

x –15 dBm –72 dBc +57 dBm

x −15 dBm –77 dBc +62 dBm

x −15 dBm –70 dBc +55 dBm

x −15 dBm –62 dBc +47 dBm

x −15 dBm −65 dBc +50 dBm

0.1 to 1.8 GHz

1.75

1.75 to 3 GHz

3 to 6.5 GHz x

6.5 to 10 GHz x

10 to 13.25 GHz x

13.2 to 25 GHz

a. Mixer level = Input Level − Input Attenuation
b. SHI = second harmonic intercept. The SHI is given by the mixer power in dBm minus the second harmonic distor-

tion level relative to the mixer tone in dBc.

c. Performance >3.6 GHz improves greatly with Option LNP enabled. See Option LNP - Low Noise Path

Specifications on page 225.

d. These frequencies are half of the band edge frequencies. See Band Overlaps on page 21.

bc

SHI

(nominal)

61

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

Third Order Intermodulation

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Third Order
Intermodulation

(Tone separation > 5 times IF
Prefilter Bandwidth
Sweep rate reduced

a

b

Refer to the footnote for

Band Overlaps on page 21.

Refer to footnote
Distortion".

Verification conditionsc)

mmW Option 544, or 550

RF/μW Option 503, 508, 513, or 526

20 to 30°C

10 to 150 MHz x

150 to 600 MHz

f

600 MHz to 1.1 GHz x

1.1 to 3.6 GHz

g

Intercept

x +13 dBm +16 dBm

x x +18 dBm +21 dBm

x +20 dBm +22 dBm

x x +21 dBm +23 dBm

e

Intercept (typical)

3.5 to 8.4 GHz x +17 dBm +23 dBm

d

for the "Extrapolated

3.6 to 3.7 GHz (Band 0) x See note

3.5 to 8.4 GHz x +16 dBm +23 dBm

8.3 to 13.6 GHz x +17 dBm +23 dBm

8.3 to 13.6 GHz

x +16 dBm +23 dBm

13.5 to 17.1 GHz x +15 dBm +20 dBm

13.5 to 17.1 GHz

17.0 to 26.5 GHzi

17.0 to 26.5 GHz

i

26.4 to 34.5 GHz x

34.4 to 50 GHz

g

x +13 dBm +17 dBm

x +16 dBm +22 dBm

x +13 dBm +20 dBm

+13 dBm +18 dBm

x

+10 dBm +15 dBm

Full temperature range

10 to 150 MHz x

150 to 600 MHz

j

x +12 dBm

x x +17 dBm

h

62

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

600 MHz to 1.1 GHz x

1.1 to 3.6 GHz

k

x +18 dBm

x x +19 dBm

Third Order Intermodulation
Full temperature Range (cont.)

3.5 to 8.4 GHz x +14 dBm

3.5 to 8.4 GHz

x +13 dBm

8.3 to 13.6 GHz x +14 dBm

8.3 to 13.6 GHz

x +13 dBm

13.5 to 17.1 GHz x +13 dBm

13.5 to 17.1 GHz

x +10 dBm

17.0 to 26.5 GHzi x +14 dBm

17.0 to 26.5 GHz

i

x +10 dBm

26.4 to 36.5 GHz x +9 dBm

34.4 to 50 GHz

l

x +6 dBm

a. See the IF Prefilter Bandwidth table in the Gain Compression specifications on page 48. When the tone separa-

tion condition is met, the effect on TOI of the setting of IF Gain is negligible. TOI is verified with IF Gain set to its
best case condition, which is IF Gain = Low.

b. Autocoupled sweep rates using Option FS1 or FS2 are often too fast for excellent TOI performance. A sweep rate

of 1.0 × RBW

a

note

2

is often suitable for best TOI performance, because of how it affects the IF Prefilter settings Foot-

links to the details.

c. TOI is verified with two tones, each at −16 dBm (10 MHz to 26.5 GHz) and −20 dBm (26.5 GHz to 50 GHz) at the

mixer, spaced by 100 kHz.

d. Traditionally, the distortion components from two tones, each at −30 dBm, were given as specifications. When

spectrum analyzers were not as good as they are now, these distortion products were easily measured. As spec­trum analyzers improved, the measurement began to be made at higher levels and extrapolated to the indus­try-standard −30 dBm test level. This extrapolation was justified by excellent conformance with the third-order
model, wherein distortion in dBc was given by twice the difference between the test tone level and the intercept,
both given in dBm units. In PXA, we no longer make that extrapolation in this Specifications Guide.
One reason we don’t extrapolate is that the model does not work as well as it had with higher levels of distortion
in older and less capable analyzers, so that the computation is misleading; distortions at low test levels will be
modestly higher than predicted from the formula. The second reason is that the distortion components are so
small as to be unmeasurable, and thus highly irrelevant, in many cases.
Please note the curvature of the third-order intermodulation line in the 1 GHz graph that follows, which is repre­sentative of performance below 3.6 GHz.

e. Intercept = TOI = third order intercept. The TOI is given by the mixer tone level (in dBm) minus (distortion/2)

where distortion is the relative level of the distortion tones in dBc.
f. For Option EP0:
150 to 300 MHz +10 dBm +19 dBm (typical)
300 to 600 MHz +18 dBm +20 dBm (typical)

63

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

g. For mmW PXA with Option EP0:

1.1 to 1.5 GHz +20 dBm +22 dBm (typical)

1.5 to 3.6 GHz +21 dBm +23 dBm (typical)

34.4 to 50 GHz +10 dBm +13 dBm (typical)
For mmW PXA with Option MPB:

34.4 to 50 GHz +10 dBm +15 dBm (typical)
For mmW PXA without Option MPB:

34.4 to 50 GHz +9 dBm +15 dBm (typical)

h. Band 0 is extendable (set “Extend Low Band” to On) to 3.7 GHz instead of 3.6 GHz in instruments with frequency

option 508, 513 or 526. Subject to these conditions, statistical observations show that performance nominally

fits within the same range within the 3.6 to 3.7 GHz frequencies as within the next lower specified frequency

range, but is not warranted.
i. Intercept performance is nominally 3 dB better in this band in those analyzers which have either Option LNP or

Option MPB installed, or both, when these options are not in use.
j. For Option EP0:
150 to 300 MHz +15 dBm
300 to 600 MHz +17 dBm
k. For mmW PXA with Option EP0:

1.1 to 1.5 GHz +18 dBm

1.5 to 3.6 GHz +19 dBm

l. For mmW PXA with Option MPB:

34.4 to 50 GHz +6 dBm

For mmW PXA without Option MPB:

34.4 to 50 GHz +5 dBm

Nominal TOI vs. Input Frequency and Tone Separation [Plot]

a

a. This plot is not applicable to Option EP0.

64

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

Nominal Dynamic Range vs. Offset Frequency vs. RBW [Plot]

a

a. This plot is not applicable to Option EP0.

65

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

Nominal Dynamic Range vs. Offset Frequency vs. RBW [Plot]

a

a. This plot is only applicable to Option EP0.

66

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

Phase Noise

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Phase Noise with Option EP1 Noise Sidebands

(Center Frequency = 1 GHz
Optimization
Internal Reference

b

c

a

Best-case

)

Offset Frequency 20 to 30°CFull range

10 Hz −80 dBc/Hz (nominal)

100 Hz −94 dBc/Hz −92 dBc/Hz −100 dBc/Hz (typical)

1 kHz −121 dBc/Hz −118 dBc/Hz −125 dBc/Hz (typical)

10 kHz −129 dBc/Hz −128 dBc/Hz −132 dBc/Hz (typical)

30 kHz −130 dBc/Hz −129 dBc/Hz −132 dBc/Hz (typical)

100 kHz −129 dBc/Hz −128 dBc/Hz −131 dBc/Hz (typical)

e

1 MHz

10 MHz

e

−145 dBc/Hz −144 dBc/Hz −146 dBc/Hz (typical)

−155 dBc/Hz −154 dBc/Hz −158 dBc/Hz (typical)

a. The nominal performance of the phase noise at center frequencies different than the one at which the specifica-

tions apply (1 GHz) depends on the center frequency, band and the offset. For low offset frequencies, offsets
well under 100 Hz, the phase noise increases by 20 × log[(f + 0.3225)/1.3225]. For mid-offset frequencies such
as 50 kHz, phase noise trends as 20 × log[(f + 5.1225)/6.1225], and also varies chaotically an additional nomi­nally ±2 dB versus the center frequency. For wide offset frequencies, offsets above about 500 kHz, phase noise
increases as 20 × log(N). N is the LO Multiple as shown on page 21; f is in GHz units in all these relationships;
all increases are in units of decibels.

b. Noise sidebands for lower offset frequencies, for example, 10 kHz, apply with the phase noise optimization

(PhNoise Opt) set to Best Close-in φ Noise. Noise sidebands for higher offset frequencies, for example, 1 MHz,
as shown apply with the phase noise optimization set to Best Wide-offset φ Noise.

c. Specifications are given with the internal frequency reference. The phase noise at offsets below 100 Hz is

impacted or dominated by noise from the reference. Thus, performance with external references will not follow
the curves and specifications. When using an external reference with superior phase noise, we recommend set­ting the external reference phase-locked-loop bandwidth to wide (60 Hz), to take advantage of that superior
performance. When using an external reference with inferior phase noise performance, we recommend setting
that bandwidth to narrow (15 Hz). In these relationships, inferior and superior phase noise are with respect to
–134 dBc/Hz at 30 Hz offset from a 10 MHz reference. Because most reference sources have phase noise
behavior that falls off at a rate of 30 dB/decade, this is usually equivalent to –120 dBc/Hz at 10 Hz offset. For
more information, see Phase Noise Effects, Ext Ref vs. Loop BW [Plot] on page 74.

d. Nominal phase noise was –75 dBc/Hz for instruments produced before approximately September 1, 2012.

d

67

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

e. Analyzer-contributed phase noise at the low levels of this offset requires advanced verification techniques

because broadband noise would otherwise cause excessive measurement error. Keysight uses a high level low
phase noise CW test signal and sets the input attenuator so that the mixer level will be well above the normal
top-of-screen level (-10 dBm) but still well below the 1 dB compression level. This improves dynamic range
(carrier to broadband noise ratio) at the expense of amplitude uncertainty due to compression of the phase
noise sidebands of the analyzer. (If the mixer level were increased to the "1 dB Gain Compression Point," the
compression of a single sideband is specified to be 1 dB or lower. At lower levels, the compression falls off rap­idly. The compression of phase noise sidebands is substantially less than the compression of a single-sideband
test signal, further reducing the uncertainty of this technique.) Keysight also measures the broadband noise of
the analyzer without the CW signal and subtracts its power from the measured phase noise power. The same
techniques of overdrive and noise subtraction can be used in measuring a DUT, of course.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Phase Noise with Option EP0

Noise Sidebands

a

(Center Frequency = 1 GHzb Best-case
Optimization
Internal Reference

c

d

)

Offset Frequency 20 to 30°CFull range

10 Hz

Wide Ref Loop BW See note

e

−95 dBc/Hz (typical)

Narrow Ref Loop BW −88 dBc/Hz (nominal)

100 Hz −107 dBc/Hz −107 dBc/Hz −112 dBc/Hz (typical)

1 kHz −125 dBc/Hz −124 dBc/Hz −129 dBc/Hz (typical)

10 kHz −134 dBc/Hz −132 dBc/Hz −136 dBc/Hz (typical)

100 kHz −139 dBc/Hz −138 dBc/Hz −141 dBc/Hz (typical)

e

1 MHz

−145 dBc/Hz −144 dBc/Hz −146 dBc/Hz (typical)

10 MHz −155 dBc/Hz −154 dBc/Hz −157 dBc/Hz (typical)

e

a. Noise sidebands around a signal are dominantly phase noise sidebands. With the extremely low phase noise of

the PXA, AM sidebands are non-negligible contributors. These specifications apply to the sum of the AM and
PM sidebands.

b. The nominal performance of the phase noise at center frequencies different than the one at which the specifica-

tions apply (1 GHz) depends on the center frequency, band and the offset. For low offset frequencies, offsets
well under 100 Hz, the phase noise increases by 20 × log[(f + 0.3225)/1.3225], where f is the larger of 0.5 and
the center frequency in GHz units. For mid-offset frequencies such as 50 kHz, phase noise trends as
20 × log[(f + 5.1225)/6.1225], where f is the larger of 1.0 and the carrier frequency in GHz units. For wide offset
frequencies, offsets above about 500 kHz, phase noise increases as 20 × log(N). N is the LO Multiple as shown
on page 21.

68

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

c. Noise sidebands for lower offset frequencies, for example, 10 kHz, apply with phase noise optimization (PNO)

set to Balance Noise and Spurs. In some frequency settings of the analyzer, a spurious response 60 to 180 MHz
offset from the carrier may be present unless the phase locked loop behavior is changed in a way that increases
the phase noise. This tradeoff is controlled such that the spurs are better than –70 dBc, at the expense of up to
7 dB increase in phase noise within ±1 octave of 1 MHz offset for those settings where this spurious is likely to
be visible. To eliminate this phase noise degradation in exchange for the aforementioned spurs, Best Close-in
Noise should be used. When the setting is changed to Best Spurs, the maximum spurious response is held to
–90 dBc, but the phase noise at all center frequencies is degraded by up to approximately 12 dB from the best
possible setting, mostly within ±1 octave of an offset of 400 kHz from the carrier. Noise sidebands for higher
offset frequencies, for example, 1 MHz, apply with the phase noise optimization set to Best Wide-Offset Noise.

d. Specifications are given with the internal frequency reference. The phase noise at offsets below 100 Hz is

impacted or dominated by noise from the reference. Thus, performance with external references will not follow
the curves and specifications. When using an external reference with superior phase noise, we recommend set­ting the external reference phase-locked-loop bandwidth to wide (60 Hz), to take advantage of that superior
performance. When using an external reference with inferior phase noise performance, we recommend setting
that bandwidth to narrow (15 Hz). In these relationships, inferior and superior phase noise are with respect to
–134 dBc/Hz at 30 Hz offset from a 10 MHz reference. Because most reference sources have phase noise
behavior that falls off at a rate of 30 dB/decade, this is usually equivalent to –120 dBc/Hz at 10 Hz offset. For
more information, see Phase Noise Effects, Ext Ref vs. Loop BW [Plot] on page 74.

e. Keysight measures 100% of the signal analyzers for phase noise at 10 Hz offset from a 1 GHz carrier in the fac-

tory production process. This measurement requires a signal of exceptionally low phase noise that is character­ized with specialized processes. It is impractical for field and customer use. Because field verification is
impractical, Keysight only gives a typical result. More than 80% of prototype instruments met this "typical"
specification; the factory test line limit is set commensurate with an on-going 80% yield to this typical. Like all
typical specifications, there is no guardbanding for measurement uncertainty. The factory test line limit is con­sistent with a warranted specification of –90 dBc/Hz.

69

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

Nominal Phase Noise of Different LO Optimizations without Option EP0 [Plot]

70

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

Nominal Phase Noise at Different Center Frequencies without Option EP0 [Plot]

71

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

Nominal Phase Noise at Different Carrier Frequencies, Phase Noise Optimized vs Offset Frequency with Option EP0 [Plot]

72

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

Nominal Phase Noise at Different Phase Noise/Spurs Optimization with Option EP0 [Plot]

73

PXA Signal Analyzer
Dynamic Range

Phase Noise Effects, Ext Ref vs. Loop BW without Option EP0 [Plot]

The effect of the Ext Ref Loop BW control (Narrow and Wide) is shown in this graphic. When set to Wide, the noise from the
internal circuitry is reduced, but noise in the external reference is subject to being impressed on the LO through the transfer
function shown in the smooth curve labeled "Wide." For an excellent reference, this can give lower overall noise. When the
Narrow selection is made, the internal noise effect is higher, but external reference noise above 20 Hz is rejected.

The noise curves were measured at 1 GHz center frequency with an excellent reference and excellent RF signal, and is thus
a conservative estimate of the residual noise of the PXA circuitry. At that center frequency, the transfer function curves
approach 40 dB gain to phase noise at low offset frequencies for a 10 MHz external reference. (This 40 dB is computed as
20 × log

10 ^(fC/f

10

). The measured noise curves will scale with frequency the same way.)

REF

Example: Consider an external reference at 10 MHz with phase noise of −135 dBc/Hz at 20 Hz offset. If the Narrow setting
is chosen, the analyzer noise density will be −86 dBc/Hz at 20 Hz offset, the gain to the reference will be 40 dB, giving

−95 dBc/Hz contribution. Add these together on a power scale as 10 x log

(–86/10)

(10

10

+ 10

(–95/10)

) = −85.5 dBc/Hz. If

Wide is chosen, the analyzer noise density will be −97 dBc/Hz at 20 Hz offset, the gain to the reference will be 42 dB, giving

−93 dBc/Hz contribution. Add those together on a power scale as 10 x log

(–97/10)

(10

10

+ 10

(–93/10)

) = −91.5 dBc/Hz.

"Wide" will give a 6 dB superior result to the Narrow selection.

74

PXA Signal Analyzer
Power Suite Measurements

Power Suite Measurements

The specifications for this section apply only to instruments with Frequency
Option 508, 513, or 526. For instruments with higher frequency options, the
performance is nominal only and not subject to any warranted specifications.

The measurement performance is only slightly different between instruments
with the higher frequency options. Because the hardware performance of the
analyzers is very similar but not identical, you can estimate the nominal
performance of the measurements from the specification in this chapter.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Channel Power

Amplitude Accuracy

Case: Radio Std = 3GPP W-CDMA, or IS-95

Absolute Power Accuracy

(20 to 30°C, Attenuation = 10 dB)

a. See “Absolute Amplitude Accuracy” on page 40.
b. See “Frequency and Time” on page 20.
c. Expressed in dB.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Occupied Bandwidth

Frequency Accuracy ±(Span/1000) (nominal)

±0.61 dB

Absolute Amplitude Accuracy
Power Bandwidth Accuracy

±0.19 dB (95th percentile)

a

+

bc

75

PXA Signal Analyzer
Power Suite Measurements

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Adjacent Channel Power (ACP)

Case: Radio Std = None

Accuracy of ACP Ratio (dBc)

Accuracy of ACP Absolute Power
(dBm or dBm/Hz)

Accuracy of Carrier Power (dBm), or
Carrier Power PSD (dBm/Hz)

Passband Width

e

Case: Radio Std = 3GPP W-CDMA

Display Scale Fidelity

Absolute Amplitude Accuracy
Power Bandwidth Accuracy

Absolute Amplitude Accuracy
Power Bandwidth Accuracy

−3 dB

(ACPR; ACLR)

a

b

+

cd

b

+

cd

f

Minimum power at RF Input −36 dBm (nominal)

ACPR Accuracy

g

RRC weighted, 3.84 MHz noise bandwidth, method ≠
RBW

Radio Offset Freq

MS (UE) 5 MHz ±0.08 dB At ACPR range of −30 to −36 dBc with optimum mixer

h

level

MS (UE) 10 MHz ±0.09 dB At ACPR range of −40 to −46 dBc with optimum mixer

i

level

BTS 5 MHz ±0.22 dB At ACPR range of −42 to −48 dBc with optimum mixer

j

level

BTS 10 MHz ±0.18 dB At ACPR range of −47 to −53 dBc with optimum mixer

i

level

BTS 5 MHz ±0.10 dB

At −48 dBc non-coherent ACPR

k

Option EP0

Radio Offset Freq

MS (UE) 5 MHz ±0.09 dB At ACPR range of −30 to −36 dBc with optimum mixer

h

level

MS (UE) 10 MHz ±0.11 dB At ACPR range of −40 to −46 dBc with optimum mixer

i

level

BTS 5 MHz ±0.25 dB At ACPR range of −42 to −48 dBc with optimum mixer

j

level

BTS 10 MHz ±0.25 dB At ACPR range of −47 to −53 dBc with optimum mixer

i

level

BTS 5 MHz ±0.12 dB

At −48 dBc non-coherent ACPR

k

76

PXA Signal Analyzer
Power Suite Measurements

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Adjacent Channel Power (cont.)

Dynamic Range RRC weighted, 3.84 MHz noise

bandwidth

Noise
Correction

Offset

l

Freq Method ACLR (typical)

m

ACLR (EP0)

m

(typical)

Optimum MLn

(nominal)

Off 5 MHz Filtered IBW −81.5 dB −80 dB −8 dBm

Off 5 MHz Fast −81 dB −80 dB −8 dBm

Off 10 MHz Filtered IBW −87 dB −86 dB −4 dBm

On 5 MHz Filtered IBW −82.5 dB −81.5 dB −8 dBm

On 10 MHz Filtered IBW −88.0 dB −87 dB −4 dBm

RRC Weighting Accuracy

White noise in Adjacent Channel
TOI-induced spectrum
rms CW error

o

0.00 dB nominal

0.001 dB nominal

0.012 dB nominal

a. The effect of scale fidelity on the ratio of two powers is called the relative scale fidelity. The scale fidelity specified

in the Amplitude section is an absolute scale fidelity with –35 dBm at the input mixer as the reference point. The

relative scale fidelity is nominally only 0.01 dB larger than the absolute scale fidelity.
b. See Amplitude Accuracy and Range section.
c. See Frequency and Time section.
d. Expressed in decibels.
e. An ACP measurement measures the power in adjacent channels. The shape of the response versus frequency of

those adjacent channels is occasionally critical. One parameter of the shape is its 3 dB bandwidth. When the

bandwidth (called the Ref BW) of the adjacent channel is set, it is the 3 dB bandwidth that is set. The passband

response is given by the convolution of two functions: a rectangle of width equal to Ref BW and the power

response versus frequency of the RBW filter used. Measurements and specifications of analog radio ACPs are

often based on defined bandwidths of measuring receivers, and these are defined by their −6 dB widths, not

their −3 dB widths. To achieve a passband whose −6 dB width is x, set the Ref BW to be x − 0.572 × RBW.
f. Most versions of adjacent channel power measurements use negative numbers, in units of dBc, to refer to the

power in an adjacent channel relative to the power in a main channel, in accordance with ITU standards. The

standards for W-CDMA analysis include ACLR, a positive number represented in dB units. In order to be consis-

tent with other kinds of ACP measurements, this measurement and its specifications will use negative dBc

results, and refer to them as ACPR, instead of positive dB results referred to as ACLR. The ACLR can be deter-

mined from the ACPR reported by merely reversing the sign.
g. The accuracy of the Adjacent Channel Power Ratio will depend on the mixer drive level and whether the distor-

tion products from the analyzer are coherent with those in the UUT. These specifications apply even in the worst

case condition of coherent analyzer and UUT distortion products. For ACPR levels other than those in this speci-

fications table, the optimum mixer drive level for accuracy is approximately −37 dBm − (ACPR/3), where the

ACPR is given in (negative) decibels.

77

PXA Signal Analyzer
Power Suite Measurements

h. To meet this specified accuracy when measuring mobile station (MS) or user equipment (UE) within 3 dB of the

required −33 dBc ACPR, the mixer level (ML) must be optimized for accuracy. This optimum mixer level is

−22 dBm, so the input attenuation must be set as close as possible to the average input power − (−22 dBm). For

example, if the average input power is −6 dBm, set the attenuation to 16 dB. This specification applies for the

normal 3.5 dB peak-to-average ratio of a single code. Note that, if the mixer level is set to optimize dynamic

range instead of accuracy, accuracy errors are nominally doubled.
i. ACPR accuracy at 10 MHz offset is warranted when the input attenuator is set to give an average mixer level of

−14 dBm.

j. In order to meet this specified accuracy, the mixer level must be optimized for accuracy when measuring node B

Base Transmission Station (BTS) within 3 dB of the required −45 dBc ACPR. This optimum mixer level is −18

dBm, so the input attenuation must be set as close as possible to the average input power − (−18 dBm). For

example, if the average input power is −6 dBm, set the attenuation to 12 dB. This specification applies for the

normal 10 dB peak-to-average ratio (at 0.01% probability) for Test Model 1. Note that, if the mixer level is set to

optimize dynamic range instead of accuracy, accuracy errors are nominally doubled.
k. Accuracy can be excellent even at low ACPR levels assuming that the user sets the mixer level to optimize the

dynamic range, and assuming that the analyzer and UUT distortions are incoherent. When the errors from the

UUT and the analyzer are incoherent, optimizing dynamic range is equivalent to minimizing the contribution of

analyzer noise and distortion to accuracy, though the higher mixer level increases the display scale fidelity errors.

This incoherent addition case is commonly used in the industry and can be useful for comparison of analysis

equipment, but this incoherent addition model is rarely justified. This derived accuracy specification is based on a

mixer level of −14 dBm.
l. The dynamic range shown with Noise Correction = Off applies with Noise Floor Extension On. (Noise Correction is

the process within the measurement of making a calibration of the noise floor at the exact analyzer settings used

for the measurement. Noise Floor Extension is the factory calibration of the noise floor.)
m. Keysight measures 100% of the signal analyzers for dynamic range in the factory production process. This mea-

surement requires a near-ideal signal, which is impractical for field and customer use. Because field verification

is impractical, Keysight only gives a typical result. More than 80% of prototype instruments met this “typical”

specification; the factory test line limit is set commensurate with an on-going 80% yield to this typical.

The ACPR dynamic range is verified only at 2 GHz, where Keysight has the near-perfect signal available. The

dynamic range is specified for the optimum mixer drive level, which is different in different instruments and dif-

ferent conditions. The test signal is a 1 DPCH signal.

The ACPR dynamic range is the observed range. This typical specification includes no measurement uncertainty.
n. ML is Mixer Level, which is defined to be the input signal level minus attenuation.
o. 3GPP requires the use of a root-raised-cosine filter in evaluating the ACLR of a device. The accuracy of the pass-

band shape of the filter is not specified in standards, nor is any method of evaluating that accuracy. This footnote

discusses the performance of the filter in this instrument. The effect of the RRC filter and the effect of the RBW

used in the measurement interact. The analyzer compensates the shape of the RRC filter to accommodate the

RBW filter. The effectiveness of this compensation is summarized in three ways:

− White noise in Adj Ch: The compensated RRC filter nominally has no errors if the adjacent channel has a spec-

trum that is flat across its width.

− TOI−induced spectrum: If the spectrum is due to third−order intermodulation, it has a distinctive shape. The

computed errors of the compensated filter are −0.001 dB for the 100 kHz RBW used for UE testing with the IBW

method. It is 0.000 dB for the 27 kHz RBW filter used for BTS testing with the Filtered IBW method. The worst

error for RBWs between 27 and 390 kHz is 0.05 dB for a 330 kHz RBW filter.

− rms CW error: This error is a measure of the error in measuring a CW−like spurious component. It is evaluated

by computing the root of the mean of the square of the power error across all frequencies within the adjacent

channel. The computed rms error of the compensated filter is 0.012 dB for the 100 kHz RBW used for UE testing

with the IBW method. It is 0.000 dB for the 27 kHz RBW filter used for BTS testing. The worst error for RBWs

between 27 kHz and 470 kHz is 0.057 dB for a 430 kHz RBW filter.

78

PXA Signal Analyzer
Power Suite Measurements

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Multi-Carrier Adjacent Channel Power

Case: Radio Std = 3GPP W-CDMA RRC weighted, 3.84 MHz noise bandwidth, Noise

Correction (NC) on

ACPR Accuracy
(4 carriers)

Radio Offset

Coher

a

UUT ACPR Range

MLOpt

b

BTS 5 MHz no ±0.09 dB −42 to −48 dB −15 dBm

a. Coher = no means that the specified accuracy only applies when the distortions of the device under test are not

coherent with the third-order distortions of the analyzer. Incoherence is often the case with advanced
multi-carrier amplifiers built with compensations and predistortions that mostly eliminate coherent third-order
effects in the amplifier.

b. Optimum mixer level (MLOpt). The mixer level is given by the average power of the sum of the four carriers

minus the input attenuation.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Power Statistics CCDF

Histogram Resolution

a

0.01 dB

a. The Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) is a reformatting of a histogram of the power

envelope. The width of the amplitude bins used by the histogram is the histogram resolution. The resolution of
the CCDF will be the same as the width of those bins.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Burst Power

Methods Power above threshold

Power within burst width

Results Output power, average

Output power, single burst
Maximum power
Minimum power within burst
Burst width

79

PXA Signal Analyzer
Power Suite Measurements

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

TOI (Third Order Intermodulation)

Measures TOI of a signal with two
dominant tones

Results Relative IM tone powers (dBc)

Absolute tone powers (dBm)

Intercept (dBm)

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Harmonic Distortion

Maximum harmonic number 10th

Results Fundamental Power (dBm)

Relative harmonics power (dBc)

Total harmonic distortion (%, dBc)

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Spurious Emissions Table-driven spurious signals;

search across regions

Case: Radio Std = 3GPP W-CDMA

Dynamic Range

a

, relative (RBW=1 MHz)

88.8 dB 91.8 dB (typical)

(1 to 3.6 GHz)

Dynamic Range

a

, relative (RBW=1 MHz)

86.9 dB 89.9 dB (typical)

(1 to 3.6 GHz) (Option EP0)

Sensitivity

b

, absolute (RBW=1 MHz)

−88.5 dBm −91.5 dBm (typical)

(1 to 3.6 GHz)

Sensitivity

b

, absolute (RBW=1 MHz)

−86.5 dBm −89.5 dBm (typical)

(1 to 3.6 GHz) (Option EP0)

Accuracy Attenuation = 10 dB

20 Hz to 3.6 GHz ±0.19 dB (95th percentile)

3.5 to 8.4 GHz ±1.09 dB (95th percentile)

3.5 to 8.4 GHz (Option EP0) ±1.15 dB (95th percentile)

8.3 to 13.6 GHz ±1.48 dB (95th percentile)

8.3 to 13.6 GHz (Option EP0) ±1.52 dB (95th percentile)

a. The dynamic range is specified at 12.5 MHz offset from center frequency with mixer level of 1 dB compression

point, which will degrade accuracy 1 dB.

80

PXA Signal Analyzer
Power Suite Measurements

b. The sensitivity is specified at far offset from carrier, where phase noise does not contribute. You can derive the

dynamic range at far offset from 1 dB compression mixer level and sensitivity.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Spectrum Emission Mask Table-driven spurious signals;

measurement near carriers

Case: Radio Std = cdma2000

Dynamic Range, relative
(750 kHz offset

ab

)

Dynamic Range, relative
(750 kHz offset

ab

) (Option EP0)

Sensitivity, absolute
(750 kHz offset

c

)

Sensitivity, absolute
(750 kHz offset

c

) (Option EP0)

Accuracy
(750 kHz offset)

d

Relative

Absolute

e

(20 to 30°C)

Case: Radio Std = 3GPP W−CDMA

Dynamic Range, relative
(2.515 MHz offset

ad

)

Dynamic Range, relative
(2.515 MHz offset

ad

) (Option EP0)

85.9 dB 89.5 dB (typical)

83.8 dB 87.5 dB (typical)

−103.7 dBm −106.7 dBm (typical)

−101.7 dBm −104.7 dBm (typical)

±0.06 dB

±0.62 dB ±0.21 dB (95th percentile ≈ 2σ)

87.9 dB 92.6 dB (typical)

85.5 dB 90.3 dB (typical)

Sensitivity, absolute
(2.515 MHz offset

Sensitivity, absolute
(2.515 MHz offset

Accuracy
(2.515 MHz offset)

d

Relative

Absolute

e

(20 to 30°C)

c

)

c

) (Option EP0)

−103.7 dBm −106.7 dBm (typical)

−101.7 dBm −104.7 dBm (typical)

±0.08 dB

±0.62 dB

±0.21 dB (95th percentile)

81

PXA Signal Analyzer
Power Suite Measurements

a. The dynamic range specification is the ratio of the channel power to the power in the offset specified. The

dynamic range depends on the measurement settings, such as peak power or integrated power. Dynamic range
specifications are based on default measurement settings, with detector set to average, and depend on the
mixer level. Default measurement settings include 30 kHz RBW.

b. This dynamic range specification applies for the optimum mixer level, which is about −18 dBm. Mixer level is

defined to be the average input power minus the input attenuation.

c. The sensitivity is specified with 0 dB input attenuation. It represents the noise limitations of the analyzer. It is

tested without an input signal. The sensitivity at this offset is specified in the default 30 kHz RBW, at a center
frequency of 2 GHz.

d. The relative accuracy is a measure of the ratio of the power at the offset to the main channel power. It applies for

spectrum emission levels in the offsets that are well above the dynamic range limitation.

e. The absolute accuracy of SEM measurement is the same as the absolute accuracy of the spectrum analyzer. See

“Absolute Amplitude Accuracy” on page 40 for more information. The numbers shown are for 0 to 3.6

GHz, with attenuation set to 10 dB.

82

PXA Signal Analyzer
Options

Options

The following options and applications affect instrument specifications.

Option 503: Frequency range, 2 Hz to 3.6 GHz

Option 508: Frequency range, 2 Hz to 8.4 GHz

Option 513: Frequency range, 2 Hz to 13.6 GHz

Option 526: Frequency range, 2 Hz to 26.5 GHz

Option 544: Frequency range, 2 Hz to 44 GHz

Option 550: Frequency range, 2 Hz to 50 GHz

Option ALV: Auxiliary Log Video output

Option B1X: Analysis bandwidth, 160

Standard B25: Analysis bandwidth, 25 MHz

Option B40: Analysis bandwidth, 40 MHz

Option B85: Analysis bandwidth, 85 MHz

Option B2X Analysis bandwidth, 255 MHz

Option B5X: Analysis bandwidth, 510 MHz

Option BBA: BBIQ inputs, analog

Option C35: APC 3.5 mm connector (for Freq Option 526 only)

Option CR3: Connector Rear, second IF Out

Option CRP: Connector Rear, arbitrary IF Out

Option EA3: Electronic attenuator, 3.6 GHz

Option EMC: Precompliance EMC Features

Option EP0: Enhanced Phase noise, DDS LO

Option ESC: External source control

Option EXM: External mixing

Option LNP: Low Noise Path

Option MPB: Preselector bypass

Standard NFE: Noise floor extension, instrument alignment

Option P03: Preamplifier, 3.6 GHz

Option P08: Preamplifier, 8.4 GHz

Option P13: Preamplifier, 13.6 GHz

Option P26: Preamplifier, 26.5 GHz

83

PXA Signal Analyzer
Options

Option P44: Preamplifier, 44 GHz

Option P50: Preamplifier, 50 GHz

Option RT1: Real-Time analysis up to 160 MHz, basic detection

Option RT2: Real-Time analysis up to 160 MHz, optimum detection

Option RTS: Real-Time wideband I/Q data streaming

Option YAS: Y-Axis Screen Video output

Option YAV: Y-Axis Video output

N9054EM0E:

N9054EM1E:

EM0E:

N9063

N9067

EM0E:

N9068

EM0E:

N9069

EM0E:

N9071

EM0E:

N9073

EM0E:

N9077

EM0E:

N9080

EM0E:

N9081

EM0E:

N9082

EM0E:

N9083

EM0E:

N9084

EM0E:

Flexible Digital Demodulation measurement application

Custom OFDM measurement application

Analog Demodulation measurement application

Pulse measurement application

Phase Noise measurement application

Noise Figure measurement application

GSM/EDGE/EDGE Evolution measurement application

W-CDMA/HSPA/HSPA+ measurement application

WLAN measurement application

LTE-Advanced FDD measurement application

Bluetooth Measurement application

LTE-Advanced TDD measurement application

MSR measurement application

Short Range Communications measurement application

N9085

N9092

EM0E:

EM0E:

5G NR measurement application

Avionics measurement application

84

PXA Signal Analyzer
General

General

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Calibration Cycle 1 year

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Environment

Indoor

Temperature Range

Operating

Altitude ≤ 2,300 m0 to 55°C

Altitude = 4,600 m 0 to 47°C

Derating

Storage

Altitude

Humidity

Relative humidity 95% relative humidity, non-condensing at

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Environmental and Military
Specifications

a

−40 to +70°C

4,600 m (approx 15,000 feet)

40°C, decreasing linearly to 50% relative
humidity at 55°C.

a. The maximum operating temperature derates linearly from altitude of 4,600 m to 2,300 m.

Samples of this product have been type tested in
accordance with the Keysight Environmental Test
Manual and verified to be robust against the
environmental stresses of Storage, Transportation
and End-use; those stresses include but are not
limited to temperature, humidity, shock, vibration,
altitude and power line conditions. Test Methods are
aligned with IEC 60068-2 and levels are similar to
MIL-PRF-28800F Class 3.

85

PXA Signal Analyzer
General

Description Specification Supplemental Information

Acoustic Noise Values given are per ISO 7779 standard in the "Operator Sitting"

position

Ambient Temperature

< 40°C Nominally under 55 dBA Sound Pressure. 55 dBA is generally

considered suitable for use in quiet office environments.

≥ 40°C Nominally under 65 dBA Sound Pressure. 65 dBA is generally

considered suitable for use in noisy office environments. (The fan
speed, and thus the noise level, increases with increasing ambient
temperature.)

Description Specification Supplemental Information

Power Requirements

Low Range

Voltage 100 /120 V ±10% operating range

Frequency 50/60/400 Hz

High Range

Voltage 220 /240 V ±10% operating range

Frequency 50/60 Hz

Power Consumption, On 630 W Maximum

Power Consumption, Standby 45 W Standby power is not supplied to the

frequency reference oscillator but to
the CPU.

Typical instrument configuration Power (nominal)

Base PXA instrument B85/B1X/B2X/B5X 330 W

Adding Option B85/B1X to base instrument +45 W

Adding Option BBA to base instrument +46 W

86

PXA Signal Analyzer
General

Description Supplemental Information

Measurement Speed

a

Local measurement and display update rate

Remote measurement and LAN transfer rate

bc

bc

Nominal

10 ms (100/s)

10 ms (100/s)

Marker Peak Search 2.5 ms

Center Frequency Tune and Transfer (Band 0) 43 ms

Center Frequency Tune and Transfer (Bands 1-4) 69 ms

Measurement/Mode Switching 40 ms

W-CDMA ACLR measurement time See page 76

a. Sweep Points = 101.
b. Factory preset, fixed center frequency, RBW = 1 MHz, 10 MHz < span ≤ 600 MHz, stop frequency ≤ 3.6 GHz,

Auto Align Off.

c. Phase Noise Optimization set to Fast Tuning, Display Off, 32 bit integer format, markers Off, single sweep, mea-

sured with IBM compatible PC with 2.99 GHz Pentium® 4 with 2 GB RAM running Windows® XP, Keysight I/O
Libraries Suite Version 14.1, one meter GPIB cable, National Instruments PCI-GPIB Card and NI-488.2 DLL.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Display

a

Resolution 1280 × 800 Capacitive multi-touch screen

Size 269 mm (10.6 in) diagonal (nominal)

a. The LCD display is manufactured using high precision technology. However, if a static image is displayed for a

lengthy period of time (~2 hours) you might encounter "image sticking" that may last for approximately 2 sec­onds. This is normal and does not affect the measurement integrity of the product in any way.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Data Storage

Internal Total Removable solid state drive (≥ 160 GB)

Internal User ≥ 9 GB available on separate partition for user

data

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PXA Signal Analyzer
General

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Weight Weight without options

Net 22 kg (48 lbs) (nominal)

Shipping 34 kg (75 lbs) (nominal)

Cabinet Dimensions Cabinet dimensions exclude front and rear

Height 177 mm (7.0 in)

Width 426 mm (16.8 in)

Length 556 mm (21.9 in)

protrusions.

88

PXA Signal Analyzer
Inputs/Outputs

Inputs/Outputs

Front Panel

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

RF Input

Connector

Standard Type-N female Frequency Option 503, 508, 513, and 526

2.4 mm male Frequency Option 544, and 550

Option C35 3.5 mm male Frequency Option 526 only

Impedance 50Ω (nominal)

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Probe Power

Voltage/Current +15 Vdc, ±7% at 0 to 150 mA (nominal)

−12.6 Vdc, ±10% at 0 to 150 mA (nominal)

GND

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

USB Ports

Host (3 ports) Compliant with USB 2.0

Connector USB Type “A” (female)

Output Current

Port marked with Lightning Bolt 1.2 A (nominal)

Port not marked with Lightning Bolt 0.5 A

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Headphone Jack

Connector miniature stereo audio jack 3.5 mm (also known as "1/8 inch")

Output Power 90 mW per channel into 16Ω (nominal)

89

PXA Signal Analyzer
Inputs/Outputs

Rear Panel

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

10 MHz Out

Connector BNC female

Impedance 50Ω (nominal)

Output Amplitude ≥0 dBm (nominal)

Output Configuration AC coupled, sinusoidal

Frequency 10 MHz ×

(1 + frequency reference accuracy)

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Ext Ref In

Connector BNC female Note: Analyzer noise sidebands and spurious

response performance may be affected by the
quality of the external reference used. See
footnote in the Phase Noise specifications within
the Dynamic Range section on page 67.

Impedance 50Ω (nominal)

Input Amplitude Range

sine wave
square wave

Input Frequency 1 to 50 MHz (nominal)

Lock range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Sync Reserved for future use

Connector BNC female

±2 × 10
reference input frequency

−6

of ideal external

−5 to +10 dBm (nominal)

0.2 to 1.5 V peak-to-peak (nominal)

(selectable to 1 Hz resolution)

90

PXA Signal Analyzer
Inputs/Outputs

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Trigger Inputs

(Trigger 1 In, Trigger 2 In)

Connector BNC female

Impedance 10 kΩ (nominal)

Trigger Level Range −5 to +5 V 1.5 V (TTL) factory preset

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Trigger Outputs

(Trigger 1 Out, Trigger 2 Out)

Connector BNC female

Impedance 50Ω (nominal)

Level 0 to 5 V (CMOS)

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Monitor Output 1
VGA compatible

Either trigger source may be selected

Connector 15-pin mini D-SUB

Format XGA (60 Hz vertical sync rates, non-interlaced)

Analog RGB

Monitor Output 2

Mini DisplayPort

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Analog Out

Connector BNC female

Impedance 50Ω (nominal)

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Noise Source Drive +28 V (Pulsed)

Connector BNC female

Output voltage on 28.0 ± 0.1 V 60 mA maximum current

Output voltage off <1.0 V

91

PXA Signal Analyzer
Inputs/Outputs

Description Specs Supplemental Information

SNS Series Noise Source For use with Keysight/Agilent Technologies SNS Series noise sources

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Digital Bus This port is intended for use with the Agilent/Keysight N5105 and N5106

Connector MDR-80

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

USB Ports

Host, Super Speed 2 ports

Compatibility USB 3.0

Connector USB Type “A” (female)

Output Current 0.9 A

products only. It is not available for general purpose use.

Host, stacked with LAN 1 port

Compatibility USB 2.0

Connector USB Type “A” (female)

Output Current 0.5 A

Device 1 port

Compatibility USB 3.0

Connector USB Type “B” (female)

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

GPIB Interface

Connector IEEE-488 bus connector

GPIB Codes SH1, AH1, T6, SR1, RL1, PP0, DC1, C1, C2, C3 and

C28, DT1, L4, C0

Mode Controller or device

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

LAN TCP/IP Interface RJ45 Ethertwist 1000BaseT

92

PXA Signal Analyzer
Regulatory Information

Regulatory Information

This product is designed for use in Installation Category II and Pollution Degree
2 per IEC 61010 3rd ed, and 664 respectively.

This product has been designed and tested in accordance with accepted
industry standards, and has been supplied in a safe condition. The instruction
documentation contains information and warnings which must be followed by
the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the product in a safe
condition.

This product is intended for indoor use.

The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community (if accompanied
by a year, it is the year when the design was proven). This product complies with all
relevant directives.

[e-mail]

ICES/NMB-001 “This ISM device complies with Canadian ICES-001.”

ISM 1-A (GRP.1 CLASS A) This is a symbol of an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A product.

The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the CSA International.

The Keysight email address is required by EU directives applicable to our product.

“Cet appareil ISM est conforme a la norme NMB du Canada.”

(CISPR 11, Clause 4)

The RCM mark is a registered trademark of the Australian Communications and
Media Authority.

This symbol indicates separate collection for electrical and electronic equipment
mandated under EU law as of August 13, 2005. All electric and electronic equipment
are required to be separated from normal waste for disposal (Reference WEEE
Directive 2002/96/EC).

China RoHS regulations include requirements related to packaging, and require
compliance to China standard GB18455-2001.

This symbol indicates compliance with the China RoHS regulations for
paper/fiberboard packaging.

South Korean Certification (KC) mark; includes the marking’s identifier code which
follows this format:

MSIP-REM-YYY-ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ.

93

PXA Signal Analyzer
Regulatory Information

EMC: Complies with the essential requirements of the European EMC Directive
as well as current editions of the following standards (dates and editions are
cited in the Declaration of Conformity):

— IEC/EN 61326-1
— CISPR 11, Group 1, Class A
— AS/NZS CISPR 11
— ICES/NMB-001

This ISM device complies with Canadian ICES-001.

Cet appareil ISM est conforme a la norme NMB-001 du Canada.

This is a sensitive measurement apparatus by design and may have some performance
loss (up to 25 dBm above the Spurious Responses, Residual specification of -100 dBm)
when exposed to ambient continuous electromagnetic phenomenon in the range of
80 MHz -2.7 GHz when tested per IEC 61000-4-3.

South Korean Class A EMC declaration:

This equipment has been conformity assessed for use in business
environments. In a residential environment this equipment may cause radio
interference.
This EMC statement applies to the equipment only for use in business
environment.

SAFETY: Complies with the essential requirements of the European Low
Voltage Directive as well as current editions of the following standards (dates
and editions are cited in the Declaration of Conformity):

— IEC/EN 61010-1
— Canada: CSA C22.2 No. 61010-1
— USA: UL std no. 61010-1

94

PXA Signal Analyzer
Regulatory Information

Acoustic statement: (European Machinery Directive)

Acoustic noise emission

LpA <70 dB

Operator position

Normal operation mode per ISO 7779

To find a current Declaration of Conformity for a specific Keysight product, go
to: http://www.keysight.com/go/conformity

95

PXA Signal Analyzer
Regulatory Information

96

Keysight X-Series Signal Analyzer
N9030B

Specification Guide

2 I/Q Analyzer

This chapter contains specifications for the I/Q Analyzer measurement
application (Basic Mode).

97

I/Q Analyzer
Specifications Affected by I/Q Analyzer

Specifications Affected by I/Q Analyzer

Specification Name Information

Number of Frequency Display Trace Points
(buckets)

Resolution Bandwidth See “Frequency” on page 99 in this chapter.

Video Bandwidth Not available.

Clipping-to-Noise Dynamic Range See “Clipping-to-Noise Dynamic Range” on page 100 in this

Resolution Bandwidth Switching Uncertainty Not specified because it is negligible.

Available Detectors Does not apply.

Spurious Responses The “Spurious Responses” on page 59 of core specifications still

IF Amplitude Flatness See “IF Frequency Response” on page 38 of the core

IF Phase Linearity See “IF Phase Linearity” on page 39 of the core specifications for

Does not apply.

chapter.

apply. Additional bandwidth-option-dependent spurious responses are
given in the Analysis Bandwidth chapter for any optional bandwidths in
use.

specifications for the 10 MHz bandwidth. Specifications for wider
bandwidths are given in the Analysis Bandwidth chapter for any
optional bandwidths in use.

the 10 MHz bandwidth. Specifications for wider bandwidths are given
in the Analysis Bandwidth chapter for any optional bandwidths in use.

Data Acquisition See “Data Acquisition” on page 101 in this chapter for the

10 MHz bandwidth. Specifications for wider bandwidths are given in
the Analysis Bandwidth chapter for any optional bandwidths in use.

98

I/Q Analyzer
Frequency

Frequency

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Frequency Span

Standard instrument 10 Hz to10 MHz

Standard B25 10 Hz to 25 MHz

Option B40 10 Hz to 40 MHz

Option B85 10 Hz to 85 MHz

Option B1X

Option B2X 10 Hz to 255 MHz

Option B5X

Resolution Bandwidth

(Spectrum Measurement)

Range

Overall
Span = 1 MHz
Span = 10 kHz
Span = 100 Hz

Window Shapes Flat Top, Uniform, Hanning, Hamming,

Analysis Bandwidth (Span)

(Waveform Measurement)

Standard B25 10 Hz to 25 MHz

Option B40 10 Hz to 40 MHz

Option B85 10 Hz to 85 MHz

10 Hz to 160 MHz

10 Hz to 510 MHz

100 MHz to 3 MHz
50 Hz to 1 MHz
1 Hz to 10 kHz
100 MHz to 100 Hz

Gaussian, Blackman, Blackman-Harris, Kaiser
Bessel (K-B 70 dB, K-B 90 dB & K-B 110 dB)

Option B1X

Option B2X 10 Hz to 255 MHz

Option B5X

10 Hz to 160 MHz

10 Hz to 510 MHz

99

I/Q Analyzer
Clipping-to-Noise Dynamic Range

Clipping-to-Noise Dynamic Range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Clipping-to-Noise Dynamic Range

a

Excluding residuals and spurious
responses

Clipping Level at Mixer Center frequency ≥ 20 MHz

IF Gain = Low −10 dBm −8 dBm (nominal)

IF Gain = High −20 dBm −17.5 dBm (nominal)

Noise Density at Mixer
at center frequency

c

(DANL

+ IFGainEffectd) + 2.25

b

dB

e

Example

f

a. This specification is defined to be the ratio of the clipping level (also known as “ADC Over Range”) to the noise

density. In decibel units, it can be defined as clipping_level [dBm] − noise_density [dBm/Hz]; the result has units
of dBFS/Hz (fs is “full scale”).

b. The noise density depends on the input frequency. It is lowest for a broad range of input frequencies near the

center frequency, and these specifications apply there. The noise density can increase toward the edges of the
span. The effect is nominally well under 1 dB.

c. The primary determining element in the noise density is the “DANL without Noise Floor Extension and

without Option EP0” on page 50.

d. DANL is specified with the IF Gain set to High, which is the best case for DANL but not for Clipping-to-noise

dynamic range. The core specifications “DANL without Noise Floor Extension and without Option

EP0” on page 50, gives a line entry on the excess noise added by using IF Gain = Low, and a footnote explain-

ing how to combine the IF Gain noise with the DANL.

e. DANL is specified for log averaging, not power averaging, and thus is 2.51 dB lower than the true noise density.

It is also specified in the narrowest RBW, 1 Hz, which has a noise bandwidth slightly wider than 1 Hz. These two
effects together add up to 2.25 B.

f. As an example computation, consider this: For the case where DANL = −151 dBm in 1 Hz, IF Gain is set to low,

and the “Additional DANL” is −160 dBm, the total noise density computes to −148.2 dBm/Hz and the Clip­ping-to-noise ratio for a −10 dBm clipping level is −138.2 dBFS/Hz.

100