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ABS-A02
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Kern ABS-A02 User guide

KERN & Sohn GmbH
Ziegelei 1 D-72336 Balingen email: info@kern-sohn.com
Phone: +49-[0]7433- 9933-0 Fax: +49-[0]7433-9933-149 Internet: www.kern-sohn.com
KERN ABS-A02
Version 1.0 04/2010 GB
ABS-A02-BA-e-1010
GB
KERN ABS-A02
Version 1.0 04/2010
Operating instructions Density Determination Set for Analytical Balance KERN ABJ / ABS
Contents:
1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 3
1.1 SCOPE OF SUPPLY.................................................................................................................... 3
2 PRINCIPLE OF DENSITY DETERMINATION............................................................................... 5
2.1 INFLUENCING MAGNITUDES AND ERROR SOURCES ...................................................................... 6
3 INSTALLING THE DENSITY DETERMINATION SET .................................................................. 7
4 DENSITY DETERMINATION OF SOLIDS..................................................................................... 9
4.1 ACTIVATE FUNCTION................................................................................................................. 9
4.2 INPUT „DENSITY MEASURING LIQUID“ ....................................................................................... 10
4.3 MEASUREMENT „DENSITY SOLID MATERIAL“ ............................................................................. 11
4.3.1 Density determination of solid material with a density of less than 1 g/cm3.................... 11
5 DETERMINING DENSITY OF LIQUIDS ...................................................................................... 12
5.1 ACTIVATE FUNCTION............................................................................................................... 12
5.2 DETERMINE VOLUME OF THE GLASS SINKER ............................................................................. 13
5.3 ENTER VOLUME OF THE GLASS SINKER..................................................................................... 14
5.4 MEASUREMENT „DENSITY LIQUID“............................................................................................ 15
6 PRECONDITIONS FOR PRECISE MEASUREMENTS............................................................... 16
6.1 CALCULATION OF RESULTS ..................................................................................................... 16
6.2 INFLUENCE FACTORS FOR MEASUREMENT ERRORS ................................................................. 17
6.2.1 Air bubbles....................................................................................................................... 17
6.2.2 Solid body sample ........................................................................................................... 17
6.2.3 Liquids.............................................................................................................................. 17
6.2.4 Surface............................................................................................................................. 17
6.2.5 Glass Sinker for Measuring Fluids................................................................................... 18
6.3 GENERAL INFORMATION.......................................................................................................... 18
6.3.1 Density / Relative Density................................................................................................ 18
6.3.2 Drift of Balance Display ................................................................................................... 18
7 DENSITY TABLE FOR FLUIDS................................................................................................... 19
8 UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENT FOR DENSITY DETERMINATION OF SOLIDS............ 20
9 USER INSTRUCTIONS................................................................................................................ 21
2 ABS-A02-BA-e-1010

1 Introduction

• In order to guarantee a safe and trouble-free operation, please read carefully the operating instructions.
• These operating instructions only describe the operation of the density determination set. For further information on how to operate your balance please refer to the operating instructions supplied with each balance.

1.1 Scope of supply

Ö Check packaging and density determination set immediately when unpacking for
possible visible damage.
Ö Make sure that all parts are completely present.
Fig. 1 Scope of delivery
No. Designation Qty.
(1) -1 Combination weighing tray (for samples d > 1 g/cm3) 1
(1) -2 Combination weighing tray (for samples d < 1 g/cm3) 1
(2) Weighing tray holder 1
(3) Glass container 1
(4) Platform for glass container 1
(5) Thermometer 1
(5) -1 Rubber stop for thermometer 1
(6) Holder for thermometer 1
Glass sinker, see fig. 4 1
Operating instructions 1
ABS-A02-BA-e-1010 3
Fig. 2: Installed density set KERN ABS-A02
Fig. 3: Combination weighing trays
A Upper sample dish (weight of the sample in air)
B Lower sample dish (weight of the sample in measuring liquid)
Fig. 4: Glass sinker
4 ABS-A02-BA-e-1010

2 Principle of Density Determination

g
m
g
g
A
A-B
Three physical magnitudes are the volume and the mass of bodies as well as the
density of matter. In density mass and volume are related.
Density [ ρ ] is the relation of mass [ m ] to volume [ V ].
SI-unit of density is kilogram divided by cubic meter (kg/m³). 1 kg/m³ equals the density of a homogenous body that, for a mass of 1 kg, has the volume of 1 m³. Additional frequently applied units include:
The application of this density determination set in combination with the KERN ABS/ABJ balances provides fast and safe determination of solids and fluids. Our set uses the "Principle of Archimedes" to determine density:
ρ =
m V
1
c
1
3
,
m
1
3
,
l
k
BUOYANCY IS A FORCE. IT AFFECTS A BODY THAT IS IMMERSED INTO A FLUID. THE BUOYANCY OF THE BODY EQUALS THE WEIGHT FORCE OF THE DISPLACED FLUID. THE FORCE OF BUOYANCY ACTS VERTICALLY UPWARDS.
Thus, density is calculated according to the formulae below:
Determining density of solid bodies
Our balances enable weighing of solids in air [ A ] as well as water [ B ]. If the density of the buoyancy medium is known [ ρo ] the density of the solid [ ρ ] is calculated as
follows:
ρ = density of sample A = weight of the sample in air B = weight of sample in measuring fluid
ρ
= density of measuring fluid
o
ρ =
ρ
o
ABS-A02-BA-e-1010 5
Determining density of liquids
A-B
The density of a fluid is determined with the help of a sinker providing a known volume [ V ]. The sinker is weighed in air [ A ] as well as in the sample fluid [ B ]. According to the Archimedes’ Principle a body immersed in a fluid experiences a force of buoyancy. [ G ]. This force equals the weight force of the fluid displaced by the volume of the body. The volume [ V ] of the immersed body equals the volume of the displaced fluid.
G = buoyancy of sinker
Buoyancy of sinker = Weight of the sinker in air [ A ] - weight sinker in sample liquid [ B ]
From this follows:
ρ = density of sample fluid A = weight of sinker in air B = weight of sinker in sample fluid V = volume of sinker*
* If the volume of the sinker is unknown, this can be determined by a solid body
density measurement e.g. in water and be calculated as follows.
V = volume of sinker A = weight of sinker in air B = weight of sinker in water
= density of water
ρ
W
ρ =
V

2.1 Influencing magnitudes and error sources

Ö Air pressure Ö temperature Ö Volume deviance of the sinker (± 0.005 cm3) Ö Surface tension of the liquid Ö Air bubbles Ö Immersion depth of the sample dish of sinker Ö Porosity of the solid
6 ABS-A02-BA-e-1010

3 Installing the density determination set

• If necessary, carry out necessary adjustment before installation of the density
1. Switch off balance and separate it from the power supply.
2. Remove standard weighing plate, screening ring and weighing plate carrier.
set.
• When the density set is installed, correct adjustment is not possible.
• For reasons of adjustment, take away the density set and place the standard
weighing plate.
3. Insert balance tray holder carefully
4. Place the platform for glass containers in a way that it does not touch the balance tray holder.
5. Hook up the combination weighing tray. Ensure that it hangs centrically in the recess of the weighing tray holder.
ABS-A02-BA-e-1010 7
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