Kenwood TM-255E User Manual

144 MHz ALL MODE TRANSCEIVER 430 MHz ALL MODE TRANSCEIVER
TM-255A/E TM-455A/E

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

KENWOOD CORPORATION
©PRINTED IN JAPAN B62-0415-10(K, M, E)(MC) 94/12 11 10 987654321
Models Covered by this Manual:
(U.S.A./ Canada/ General)
• TM-255E: 144 MHz All Mode Transceiver (Europe)
• TM-455A: 430 MHz All Mode Transceiver (U.S.A./ Canada)
• TM-465E: 430 MHz All Mode Transceiver (Europe)

Notice to the user:

One or more of the following statements may be applicable to this equipment.
FCC WARNING
This equipment generates or uses radio frequency energy. Changes or modifications to this equipment may cause harmfui interference uniess the modifications are expressiy approved in the instruction manuai. The user couid iose the authority to operate this equipment if an unauthorized change or modification is made.
INFORMATION TO THE DIGITAL DEVICE USER REQUIRED BY THE FCC
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC
Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
This equipment generates, uses and can generate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that the interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception,which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer for technical assistance.
l)ITR0l)OeTION
THANK YOU
We are grateful you decided to purchase this
KENWOOD All-Mode transceiver.
The TM-255/TM-455 series of transceivers were developed to satisfy the requirement for a compact, all-inclusive rig that's simple to operate yet has superior performance across the band. VHF/UHF operators can now enjoy the innovative Menu Setup
method for feature configuration incorporated in other KENWOOD products.
KENWOOD believes that the compact size coupled with the reasonable cost will guarantee your satisfaction with this product.

PRECAUTIONS

Please read all safety and operating instructions before using this unit. For best results, be aware of all warnings on the unit and follow the provided operating instructions. Retain these safety and operating instructions for future reference.
1 Power Sources
Connect this unit only to the power source described in the operating instructions or as marked on the unit itself.
2 Power Cable Protection
7 Water and Moisture
Do not use the unit near water or sources of moisture. For example, avoid use near bathtubs, sinks, swimming pools, and in damp basements and attics.
8 Outdoor Antenna Grounding
Adequately ground all outdoor antennas used with this unit using approved methods. Grounding helps protect against voltage surges caused by lightning. It also reduces the chance of a build up of static charges.
Route all power cables safely. Ensure the power cables can neither be walked upon nor pinched by items placed near or against the cables.
Pay particular attention to locations near AC receptacles, AC extension bars and points of entry to the unit.
3 Abnormal Odors
The presence of an unusual odor or smoke is often a sign of trouble. Immediately turn the power OFF
and remove the power cable. Contact a dealer or the nearest Service Center for advice.
4 Electrical Shocks
Take care not to drop objects or spill liquids into
the unit through enclosure openings. Metal
objects, such as hairpins or needles, inserted into
the unit may contact voltages resulting in serious
electrical shocks. Never permit children to insert
any objects into this unit.
5 Grounding and Polarization
Do not attempt to defeat methods used for grounding and electrical polarization in the unit, particularly involving the input power cable.
6 Ventilation
Locate the unit so as not to interfere with its ventilation. Do not place books or other equipment on the unit that may impede the free movement of air. Allow a minimum of 4 inches (10 cm) between the rear of the unit and the wall or operating desk shelf.
9 Power Lines
Minimum recommended distance for an outdoor antenna from power lines is one and one-half times the vertical height of the associated antenna support structure. This distance allows adequate clearance from the power lines if the support structure should fail for any reason.
10 Heat
Locate the unit away from heat sources such as radiators, stoves, amplifiers or other devices that produce substantial amounts of heat.
11 Cleaning
Do not use volatile solvents such as alcohol, paint thinner, gasoline or benzene to clean the cabinet.
Use a clean, cloth with warm water or a mild detergent.
12 Periods of Inactivity
Disconnect the input power cable from the power
source when the unit is not used for long periods of
time.
13 Servicing
Remove the unit’s enclosure only to do accessory
installations described by this manual or accessory
manuals. Follow provided instructions carefully to avoid electrical shocks. If unfamiliar with this type of work, seek assistance from an experienced
individual, or have a professional technician do the task.
INTRODUCTION
14 Damage Requiring Service
Enlist the services of qualified personnel in the
following cases: a) The power supply or plug is damaged. b) Objects have fallen, or liquid has spilled into the
unit. c) The unit has been exposed to rain. d) The unit is operating abnormally or
performance has degraded seriously. e) The unit has been dropped, or the enclosure
damaged.

CONVENTIONS FOLLOWED IN THIS MANUAL

The writing conventions described below have been followed to simplify key stroke instructions and avoid
unnecessary repetition. This format is less confusing
for the reader. Reviewing the following information
now will reduce your learning period. That means less time will be spent reading this manual; more time will be available for operating.
instruction Meaning
Press
[KEY1]+[KEY2].
Press
[KEY1], [KEY2J.
Press
[KEY]+ POWER ON.
Press [F] (N s).
Press [KEY] (N s).
Press the keys simultaneously.
Press the keys in sequence.
Press the key while powering the transceiver.
Press the Function key for longer than N seconds.
Press the key for longer than N seconds.
What to (to;:
Press and hold KEY1 down, then press KEY2.
Press KEY1 momentarily, release KEY1, then press KEY2.
With the transceiver power OFF, press and
hold KEY, then turn ON the transceiver
power.
Press and hold the function key
until the "F"
indicator on the
Display begins
flashing.
Press and hold
KEY until the
function begins.
Note: Basic procedures are numbered sequentially to guide you step-by-step. Additional information pertaining to a step, but not essential to complete the procedure, is provided in bulleted form following many steps for further guidance.
INTRODUCTION
FEATURES
• Convenient to transport, install and operate from either a portable, mobile or fixed station installation due to the compact size.
• Setting-up transceiver functions is simple with the easy-to-use Menu System.
• Busy-Frequency Stop automatically stops any of the scan functions on a busy frequency. Time­operated and Carrier-operated modes are provided for further flexibility.
• "Fuzzy logic" controls the frequency step size as you turn the Main Tuning control. The faster you turn the control, the larger the step size up to the maximum step available.
• Automatic Power Off switches OFF the power if the transceiver has not been used for approximately 3 hours.
• Up to 4 functions can be assigned to the
Programmable Function (PF) keys on the microphone allowing you to personally customize your transceiver's operation.
• Despite the small overall case size, numerous additional features have been included for the VHF/UHF enthusiast.
SUPPLIED ACCESSORIES
Accessory
Microphone
U.S.A., Canada, General Europe, General
Microphone hanger
U.S.A., Canada
Microphone hanger screws
U.S.A., Canada DC power cable Fuse, 15 A
• For the transceiver Mounting bracket Mounting bracket screws Wrench Warranty card (U.S.A., Canada, Europe
Instruction manual
■' Excluding some General market versions.
^ Excluding some European versions.
Part Number Qty.
T91-0397-XX T91-0398-XX
J20-0319-XX 1
N46-3010-XX E30-2111-XX F51-0017-XX
J29-0422-XX 1 N99-0383-XX
W01-0414-XX 1
-
B62-0415-XX
1 1
1 set
1 1
1 set
1
1
ATTENTION
Noise entering from the DC power supply or static electricity
may disable the buttons or the Tuning controls. If this occurs, determine the source of the interference and take appropriate measures to reduce or eliminate the offending noise. If the transceiver still does not function normally, reset the microprocessor {page 34}.
Resetting the microprocessor clears the memory channels and
returns the menu settings (described later) to their default values.
This transceiver contains a cooling fan. As the heat sink
temperature rises because of continuous transmission, the fan speed accelerates to its maximum speed, and the sound of the fan will become more noticeable. If the heat sink temperature becomes excessively high, the temperature protection circuit
will trip and reduce the transmit output power.

mmmn

CHAPTER 1 INSTALLATION AND CONNECTION
PREPARATION FOR MOBILE OPERATION
MOBILE INSTALLATION.................................. 1
DC POWER CABLE CONNECTION ANTENNA CONNECTION GROUND CONNECTION
IGNITION NOISE
PREPARATION FOR FIXED STATION
OPERATION............................................................3
DC POWER SUPPLY CONNECTION ANTENNA CONNECTION
GROUND CONNECTION
ACCESSORY CONNECTIONS
EXTERNAL SPEAKER
MICROPHONE...................................................4
KEY OR ELECTRONIC KEYER
PACKET EQUIPMENT
CHAPTER 2 GEHING ACQUAINTED
FRONT PANEL
REAR PANEL..........................................................9
MICROPHONE......................................................10
DISPLAY...............................................................11
CHAPTER 3 MENU SETUP
MENU DESCRIPTION MENU ACCESS
MENU CONFIGURATION.....................................13
MENU A............................................................13
MENU B............................................................14
CHAPTER 4 COMMUNICATION
CONFIRMATION BEFORE OPERATION.............15
REAR PANEL...................................................15
FRONT PANEL
GETTING STARTED
SWITCHING POWER ON/OFF........................16
VOLUME ADJUST............................................16
SQUELCH ADJUST
Noise Squelch
S-Meter Squelch..........................................16
DUAL DIGITAL VFOs.......................................17
Selecting VFOs............................................17
Equalizing VFO Frequencies FREQUENCY SELECTION FREQUENCY STEP SIZE
AUTOMATIC MODE SELECTION
SELECTING OUTPUT POWER.......................18
iv
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2
13 13
15 16
16
1
2 2 3
3 4 4
4 4
5 5
7
16
17 17 17 18
FM OPERATION...................................................19
FM REPEATER OPERATION
TRANSMIT OFFSETS
REVERSE FUNCTION
TONE ACCESS................................................20
AUTOPATCH
(U.S.A. AND CANADA VERSIONS)
Enabling the Microphone Keypad
DUAL TONE MULTI-FREQUENCY (DTMF)
CALLS..............................................................21
PACKET OPERATION..........................................22
SSB OPERATION CW OPERATION
CW PITCH CHANGE CW KEYING DELAY
CHAPTER 5 MEMORY FEATURES
MICROPROCESSOR MEMORY BACKUP
MEMORY CHANNEL DATA
MEMORY CHANNEL STORAGE
SIMPLEX CHANNEL STORAGE SPLIT-FREQUENCY CHANNEL STORAGE ... 25 SCAN FREQUENCY LIMITS STORAGE
Programmable VFO Function
CALL CHANNEL STORAGE............................26
MEMORY CHANNEL RECALL
TEMPORARY FREQUENCY CHANGE
MEMORY CONTENTS CONFIRMATION
MEMORY TRANSFER..........................................27
MEMORY/CALL CHANNEL -> VFO
TRANSFER OF TEMPORARY DATA
ERASING MEMORY CHANNELS
FULL RESET....................................................28
CHAPTER 6 SCAN
BUSY-FREQUENCY STOP..................................29
SCAN RESUME METHODS
SCAN HOLD..........................................................29
MEMORY SCAN
GROUP SCAN
ALL-CHANNEL SCAN......................................30
MEMORY CHANNEL LOCK-OUT
PROGRAM SCAN
CONFIRMING LOWER/UPPER FREQUENCY LIMITS
BASIC SCAN
BAND SCAN....................................................31
MHz SCAN.......................................................32
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19 19 20
21 21
23 23
23
23
24 24 24
24
25 25
26 26
27
27 28
28
29
31
31
31
30 30
30
CONTENTS
VFO/MEMORY/CALL SCAN
SETTING SCAN SPEED.......................................32
CHAPTER 7 AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
RECEIVING...........................................................33
RECEIVER INCREMENTAL TUNING (RIT)
IF SHIFT...........................................................33
NOISE BLANKER.............................................33
ADVANCED INTERCEPT POINT (AlP)
FUNCTION.......................................................33
TRANSMITTING....................................................34
SPEECH PROCESSOR...................................34
TIME-OUT TIMER (TOT)..................................34
OPERATOR CONVENIENCES.............................34
MICROPROCESSOR RESET
REMOTE FUNCTIONS USING THE
MICROPHONE.................................................35
PROGRAMMABLE FUNCTION (PF) BUTTON 36
LOCK FUNCTIONS..........................................36
Frequency Lock...........................................36
Main Unit Lock.............................................37
Microphone Lock
AUTOMATIC POWER OFF (APO)...................37
CHANNEL DISPLAY TRANSVERTER FREQUENCY DISPLAY
PEAK METER HOLD REPROGRAMMING AUTO MODE/
AUTO OFFSET.................................................38
KEY CONFIRMATION BEEP TONE................38
MODULATION MODE AUDIBLE INDICATOR.. 39
MORSE CODE ALARM OUTPUT....................39
DISPLAY DIMMER...........................................39
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32
34
37
37
37
33
37
RECEIVING...........................................................43
RECEIVING A CALL WITH YOUR STATION CODE
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RECEIVING A CALL WITH A GROUP CODE.. 43 PAGE CODE AND REPEATERS
LOCKING-OUT CODES........................................44
AUTO PAGE CANCEL
OPEN PAGE..........................................................44
CHAPTER 11 TONE ALERT
ENABLING TONE ALERT.....................................45
CHAPTER 12 MAINTENANCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
SERVICE...............................................................46
SERVICE NOTE....................................................46
CLEANING
INTERNAL ADJUSTMENTS.................................46
CHAPTER 13 TROUBLESHOOTING
CHAPTER 14 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES...................52
CHAPTER 15 INSTALLING OPTIONS
SPECIFICATIONS........................................................55
GLOSSARY................................................................57
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43
44
44
46
46
48
53
CHAPTER 8 CONTINUOUS TONE CODED SQUELCH
SYSTEM (CTCSS)
SELECTING CTCSS FREQUENCIES
USING CTCSS......................................................40
CHAPTER 9 DUAL TONE SQUELCH SYSTEM (DTSS)
STORING DTSS CODES ENABLING DTSS
DTSS AND REPEATERS.....................................41
CHAPTER 10 PAGE
OVERVIEW
PAGE CODE MEMORY........................................42
STORING PAGE CODES CALLING
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40
41
41
42
42 43
1 HiSTALLATIOtl ANO CÛI^ECTiOK
PREPARATION FOR MOBILE OPERATION
When operating mobile, do not attempt to configure your transceiver or change Menu settings while driving because it is simply too dangerous. Stop the car first, then make the necessary changes. Also, be aware of local laws pertaining to the use of
headphones/headsets while driving on public roads. If in doubt, do not wear headphones while mobiling.

MOBILE INSTALLATION

Install the transceiver in a safe, convenient position inside your vehicle that minimizes danger to your passengers and yourself while the vehicle is in motion. For example, consider installing the transceiver under the dash in front of the passenger seat so that knees or legs will not strike the radio during sudden braking of your vehicle.

■ Installation Example

1 Install the mounting bracket using the supplied
flat washers and self-tapping screws.
• The bracket can be mounted with the bracket opening for the transceiver facing down for underdash mounting, or with the opening facing up.
2 Position the transceiver in the bracket to
determine the best viewing angle.
• You have 3 positions from which to choose: angled up, horizontal, or angled down.
TM-255/TM-455
Use only the top or middle row of holes to mount the transceiver horizontally.
Note:
If more convenient, you can separate the transceiver Front
Panel from the transceiver. This allows easier mounting of the panel near the operating position when there is not enough room for the whole transceiver. The transceiver can be installed in the trunk or under the seat.
You can also use the optional MB-13 mounting bracket.
For the correct mounting procedure, refer to the instructions
packaged with the MB-13.
3 Insert and tighten the supplied SEMS screws
and washers using the wrench.
• Double check that all hardware is tightened to prevent vehicle vibration from loosening the bracket or transceiver.
1 INSTALLATION AND CONNECTION DC POWER CABLE CONNECTION
m
Replacing Fuses
Route the DC power cable directly to the vehicle's battery terminals using the shortest path from the transceiver. It is not recommended to use the cigarette lighter socket since some cigarette lighter sockets introduce an unacceptable voltage drop.
To prevent the risk of short circuits, disconnect other wiring from the negative {-) battery terminal before connecting the transceiver. Confirm the correct polarity of the connections before attaching the power cable; red connects to the positive (+) terminal, black connects to the negative {-) terminal. Use the full length of the cable without cutting off the excess even if the cable is longer than required. In particular, never remove the fuse holder from the cable. After completing transceiver connections to the battery, then reconnect any wiring removed from the negative terminal.
Fuse
(15A)
If the power cable must be routed through a hole in the vehicle chassis or body, for example in the firewall at the front of the passenger compartment, use a rubber grommet to protect the cable from abrasion. The entire length of the cable must be dressed so it is isolated from heat and moisture. After the cable is in place, wind heat-resistant tape around the fuse holder to protect it from moisture. Tie down the full run of cable.
The vehicle battery must have a nominal rating of 12 V. Never connect the transceiver to a 24 V battery. Be sure to use a 12 V vehicle battery that has sufficient current capacity. If the current to the transceiver is insufficient, the Display may darken during transmission (at audio peaks during SSB operation), or transmitter output power may drop excessively.
Note:
If you use the transceiver for a long period when the vehicle
battery has not been fully charged, or when the engine has been stopped, the battery may become discharged, and will not
have sufficient reserves to start the vehicle. Avoid using the transceiver under these conditions.
Replace blown fuses only after investigating and correcting the
cause of the failed fuse. Always replace a blown fuse by a new fuse with the specified ratings.
If the fuse blows, determine the cause then correct the problem. After the problem is resolved, only then replace the fuse. If newly installed fuses continue to blow, disconnect the power plug and contact your dealer or nearest Service Center for assistance.
Function
Transceiver Power Cable 15 A
DC Power Cable
CAUTION: Only use fuses of the specified type and rating.
Fuse Current
20 A
ANTENNA CONNECTION
Before operating mobile, you must first install an efficient, well-tuned antenna. The success of your mobile installation will depend largely on the type of antenna and its correct installation. The transceiver can give excellent results if the antenna system and its installation is given careful attention.
Your choice of 144 MHz or 430 MHz antenna should
have a 50 ohm impedance to match the transceiver input impedance. Use low-loss coaxial feed line that also has a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms.
Coupling the antenna to the transceiver via feed line
having an impedance other than 50 ohms reduces the efficiency of the antenna system, and can cause
interference to nearby broadcast television and radio
receivers.
CAUTION: Transmitting without an antenna or other matched
load connected may damage the transceiver. Always connect the
antenna to the transceiver first before transmitting.
GROUND CONNECTION
The ground, which is the other half of the antenna
system, is very important when using most mobile
antennas. Connect the feed line ground for the
antenna securely to the vehicle's chassis, and be
certain to bond (electrically connect) the vehicle body
to the chassis. The sheet metal will provide the
primary ground plane, so be sure to establish a good
RF connection from the feed line to both the chassis
and the body. For comprehensive information on
mobile antennas and their successful installation and
optimization, refer to any of the publications on the
subject available at dealers handling Amateur
supplies.
If your car has plastic bumpers, make sure to ground the antenna mount to the body and the chassis of the car.
1 INSTALLATION AND CONNECTION
IGNITION NOISE
This transceiver has been designed with a Noise
Blanker to filter ignition noise. However, some cars may generate excessive ignition noise, if there is excessive noise, use suppressor spark plugs (with resistors), or take other countermeasures as may be required to reduce these undesired electrically generated noises.
PREPARATION FOR FIXED STATION
OPERATION
The following diagram illustrates how to connect the cables to the rear of the transceiver. Connect the cables securely so they will not come loose if pulled.
Replacing Fuses
If the fuse blows, determine the cause then correct the problem. After the problem is resolved, only then replace the fuse. If newly installed fuses continue to blow, disconnect the power plug and contact your dealer or nearest Service Center for assistance.
Function
Transceiver Power Cable
DC Power Cable
CAUTION: Only use fuses of the specified type and rating.
Fuse Current
15 A 20 A
■ Installation Example
For a deluxe installation, take the time to install the transceiver in the mounting bracket. The diagram
offers some mounting suggestions. Added benefits of using the mounting bracket in
your fixed station include the following:
• You can angle the transceiver for best visibility from your operating position.
DC POWER SUPPLY CONNECTION
In order to use this transceiver for fixed station operation, you will need a separate 13.8 V DC power supply that must be purchased separately. DO NOT directly connect the transceiver to an AC outlet! Use the supplied DC power cable to connect the transceiver to a regulated power supply. Do not substitute a cable with smaller gauge wires.
The following table lists the current consumption for each type of transceiver. Any regulated DC power supply used should have a current rating higher than listed in the table.
Transceiver
Mode!
TM-255 TM-455
Current
Consumption
Less than 13 A
Less than 15 A
Plug the connectorized end of the DC power cable into the DC 13.8 V connector on the rear panel of the transceiver, and connect the other end of the cable to the regulated power supply. The red wire must be
connected to the positive (+) terminal and the black
wire to the negative (-) terminal.
Note:
Suitable regulated DC power supplies include the PS-33 and
PS-53. All are available as accessories. Choose a power
supply with a current rating larger than the current requirements
of the transceiver.
Before connecting the DC power supply to the transceiver, be
sure to switch the transceiver and the DC power supply off.
Do not plug the DC power supply into an AC outlet until you
make all connections.
• The transceiver remains stationary when you attach connectors or use any of the controls.
• The transceiver is quickly detachable from the bracket if you want to move it to your mobile or any other alternate operating position.
• The bracket eliminates the risk of anybody bumping the transceiver off your operating desk.
If you decide to mount the transceiver in a horizontal plane instead of angling it up or down, use the top or middle row of mounting holes on the bracket. The bottom row of holes cannot be used to mount the transceiver horizontally.
Use the wrench to
tighten the screws.
1 INSTALLATION AND CONNECTION ANTENNA CONNECTION
The type of the antenna system, consisting of the antenna, ground, and feed, will greatly affect the successful performance of the transceiver. Use a properly adjusted 50 ohm antenna of good quality designed for operation at 144 MHz or 430 MHz to let your transceiver perform at its best.
Install low-loss 50 ohm coaxial cable and a first quality connector for the connection to the transceiver. For longer feed line runs, especially for operation at UHF frequencies, you might consider investing in air­dielectric transmission line. The lower loss can make a significant difference for those interested in weak signal operation. In all cases, match the impedance of the feed line and antenna so that the SWR is minimum. Generally, an SWR measurement of 1.5:1 or less is considered satisfactory. All connections must be clean and tight. Coupling the antenna to the transceiver via feed line having an impedance other than 50 ohms reduces the efficiency of the antenna system. It also can cause interference to nearby broadcast television receivers, radio receivers, and other electronic equipment.
CAUTION:
All fixed stations should be equipped with a lightning arrester to
reduce the risk of fire, electric shock, and transceiver damage.
Transmitting without an antenna or other matched load
connected may damage the transceiver. Always connect the antenna to the transceiver first before transmitting.
GROUND CONNECTION
At the minimum, a good DC ground is required to
reduce the risk of electric shock, and to prevent
interference to other electronic equipment. For superior communications results, a good RF ground is
required against which the antenna system can
operate. Both of these conditions can be satisfied by
providing a good earth ground for your station. Bury
one or more ground rods, or a large copper plate
under the ground, and connect this to the transceiver
GND terminal. Use heavy gauge wire or a copper
strap, cut as short as possible, for this connection. As
for antenna work, all connections must be clean and tight.
CAUTION: DO NOT use a gas pipe, an electrical conduit, or a plastic water pipe for a ground. All are dangerous or poor practices.
ACCESSORY CONNECTIONS
EXTERNAL SPEAKER
Use an external speaker with 8 ohms impedance. The jack accepts a 3.5 mm diameter mono (2­conductor) plug.
MICROPHONE
To communicate in the voice modes, connect a microphone having an impedance of 600 ohms.
■ Installing the Microphone
Before beginning to install the microphone, switch
OFF the POWER switch.
1 Press the Release button on the left side of the
Front Panel to unlock the panel. Carefully pull the Front Panel forward from the left, then remove it completely.
• Handle the Front Panel carefully to avoid applying excessive force to the thin cable joining the Front Panel to the Main Unit.
2 Insert the 8-pin modular microphone connector,
keeping its locking tab upward, into the jack located at the lower left corner of the Main Unit front. Push gently inward until the tab "clicks" into place.
• If using a microphone that does not have a modular plug, use a conversion cable. For example, the MJ-88 cable accepts an 8-pin microphone plug at one end. The other end has a modular plug that mates with this transceiver.
3 Reinstall the Front Panel.
• Check that the bushings holding the thin cable are in place, and the microphone cable is in the groove before closing the Front Panel.
• Press firmly on the Front Panel so the Release button locks.
KEY OR ELECTRONIC KEYER
For CW operation, connect your key or electronic keyer to the KEY jack on the rear panel. Use a 3.5 mm diameter mono (2-conductor) plug. When using an electronic keyer, ensure the keyer wiring polarity is correct.
-H5V Contact current approximately 1 mA
1 INSTALLATION AND CONNECTION
GND GND
-I-
PACKET EQUIPMENT
If you intend to use this transceiver for Packet operation, you will need the following equipment;
• Personal computer with communications software (Alternatively, a "dumb" terminal capable of sending ASCII commands)
• TNC (Terminal Node Controller)
• TNC power supply
• RS-232C cable
• 6-pin mini DIN plug and cable (optional PG-5A)
Refer to the accompanying diagram and the associated hardware instruction manuals to configure the equipment as shown. Connect your TNC to the DATA connector on the transceiver Rear Panel using a cable equipped with a 6-pin mini DIN plug. You can use the microphone connector on the Front Panel; however, the DATA connector is recommended for the following reasons:
• The DATA connector uses connections at different
modulation/demodulation points depending on the
transmission speed selected via Menu B, No. 77
{page 22}. Therefore, using the DATA connector will give optimum performance especially if using 9600 bps.
• Using a mini DIN plug with a good-quality shielded cable will provide better rejection from computer
noise.
• Easier to switch between voice and data modes.
No cable changes necessary therefore less chance of damaging the connectors.
Do not share a single power supply between the transceiver and the TNC. Keep as wide a separation between the transceiver and computer as practical to
reduce noise-pickup by the transceiver.
1 INSTALLATION AND CONNECTION
■ DATA Connector Pinout
Pin No.
1 PKD
2 DE
3 PKS 1
4
5
6 SQC
Pin Name
PR9
PR1
Function
Packet Data (input)
• Transmit data from TNG to transceiver Data Earth
• Ground for TNG output Packet Standby
• TNG can use this pin to inhibit the transceiver microphone input while transmitting packet signals.
FM Demodulator Output
• For 9600 bps Packet operation
• Output Level: 500 mVp-p/10 kQ
Demodulator Output
• For 1200 bps Packet and RTTY operation
• Audio output is taken before the VOL control (VOL control has no effect on audio level)
• Output level: 300 mVp-p/10 kO
Squelch Control or Relay Output ^ Squelch Control
• Inhibits TNG data transmit while transceiver squelch is open. This prevents interference to voice communications on the same frequency and unwanted retries.
• Output level Squelch open: +5 V (HIGH) Squelch closed: 0 V (LOW)
Relay Output
• Alternatively, provides a relay output for accessories such as a linear amplifier.
• The output switches to GND during transmit.
• Current rating: 500 mA maximum
■' It is not necessary to disconnect the microphone if using the DATA connector. The TNG drives this pin LOW which mutes the microphone.
2 Switch selectable: Set internal switch to "PSQ" for Squelch Control or "RL" for Relay Output {page 47}.
Transceiver rear panel

2 6ETT!li0 ftCQUiUNTED

The following sections describe basic functions of the controls, buttons, and indicators on the Front Panel, the jacks and connectors on the Rear Panel, and the indicators on the Display. For full explanations of functions
mentioned, refer to the appropriate section elsewhere in the manual.
FRONT PANEL
0
ALTERNATE TUNING control
Provides the following 3 functions:
Frequency change
Memory channel select
Menu number select
(D F.LOCK (Frequency Lock) button
Locks or unlocks many Front Panel and microphone buttons, keys and controls. Refer to "LOCK
FUNCTIONS" {page 36} for the complete list. Also used to cycle through menu selections while Menu Setup is being accessed.
(D LOW button
Toggles the transmitter output power between High and Low. Also used to cycle through menu selections while Menu Setup is being accessed.
® AUTO/FM button
Toggles the modulation mode between AUTO and FM.
(D SSB/CW button
Toggles the modulation mode between SSB and CW.
® CALL button
Recalls the Call channel.
0
POWER switch
Press to switch the transceiver ON or OFF.
®
MR (Memory Recall) button
Selects the Memory Recall function to allow memory channels to be accessed.
0 M.IN (Memory Input) button
Provides the following 2 functions:
® Microphone cable channel
After connecting the microphone, position the cable in
the channel before closing the Front Panel. Refer to
"Installing the Microphone" (page 4).
(Q) A/B button
Provides the following 4 functions:
VFO A or VFO B select
VFO mode restore
Partial reset
Menu A or Menu B select
© M>V (Memory ^ VFO) button
Copies the contents of the currently displayed memory (frequency, modulation mode, etc.) to the VFO used last, then selects VFO mode.
© MHz button
Provides the following 3 functions:
• VFO mode: Activates 1 MHz Step for the Alternate Tuning control.
• Memory Recall: Allows programmed memory channels only (ON) or all memory channels (OFF) to be selected.
• Memory Scroll: Allows only empty memory channels (ON) or all memory channels (OFF) to be selected.
0 SCAN button
Starts and stops various types of scan functions.
0 RIT button
Toggles Receiver Incremental Tuning between ON and OFF. The RIT control adjusts the receiver frequency without affecting the transmitter frequency.
Memory Store
Memory Scroll
2 GEniNG ACQUAINTED
®
CLR (Clear) button
Provides the following 7 functions:
Program Scan stop Memory Scan stop Memory Scroll exit Memory channel lock-out Memory channel erase Menu Setup exit A=B copy
0 VOL (Volume) control
Adjusts the level of receiver audio from the speaker.
®
SQL (Squelch) control
Adjusts the receiver squelch threshold level. This allows you to mute speaker output while no stations are being received.
© RIT control
The Receiver Incremental Tuning control provides the following 2 functions:
• Receiver frequency shift With RIT ON, adjusts the receiver frequency
without affecting the transmitter frequency.
• Scan speed change
@ IF SHIFT control
Shifts the IF pass band to attenuate or eliminate interfering signals on adjacent frequencies.
@
F (Function) button
Provides the following 3 functions:
Second Function select
Menu Setup enter
Menu Setup exit
®
TONE button
Toggles Tone and CTCSS status between ON and OFF. Also, toggles Tone Alert ON and OFF.
®
SHIFT button
Switches the transmit frequency and receive frequency when operating with a transmit offset or split frequency in FM mode. Also, selects DTSS/Page Code Select.
PROC (Processor) button
Toggles the transmitter Speech Processor between ON and OFF.
®
AlP button
Toggles the Advanced Intercept Point (AlP) function between ON and OFF.
@
NB (Noise Blanker) button
Toggles the Noise Blanker ON and OFF.
PF button
The function for this button can be assigned from
Menu B, No. 74. The function can be changed easily
whenever you wish.
(||) ON AIR indicator
Lights red when the transceiver is both in Transmit mode and tuned to a frequency within the transmit band.
BUSY indicator
Lights green while receiving signals or when SQL is turned fully counterclockwise. See "BUSY" indicator in the DISPLAY section on page 11 for more information.
®
MAIN TUNING control
In VFO mode, use to select an operating frequency. The transceiver only transmits on frequencies that lie within the limits of the transmit band.
If memory channel 99 is recalled, use this control to tune across the frequency range from the lower frequency limit to the upper frequency limit stored in
this memory.
Selects transmit offset direction. Also, toggles DTSS and Page status between ON and OFF while FM
mode is selected.
0
Power Input DC 13.8 V
2 GEniNG ACQUAINTED
REAR PANEL
© GND
Connect a 13.8 V DC power source {pages 2 and 3}. You can use either a 12 V vehicle battery or a regulated DC power supply with the supplied DC cable. The TM-255 draws less than 13 A and the TM-455 draws less than 15 A at full transmitter output power.
0 ANT
Connect an external antenna designed for operation on the same band as this transceiver (pages 2 and 4}. When making test transmissions, connect a dummy load in place of the antenna. The antenna system or load should have an impedance of 50 ohms. Accepts a male PL-259 coaxial plug.
0 KEY
Connect a key or electronic keyer for CW operation. Accepts a 3.5 mm diameter mono (2-conductor) plug. Always turn the transceiver power OFF before inserting the key plug to avoid momentarily transmitting as the plug is inserted. See page 5 for connection details.
0
DATA
Connect a Terminal Node Controller (TNC) for Packet operation. Accepts a 6-pin mini DIN plug. Also can be used to control external equipment such as a linear amplifier. See page 5 for further details.
Connect a heavy gauge wire or copper strap between the ground terminal and the nearest earth ground (pages 2 and 4}. Do not connect the ground wire to either your house electrical wiring, or gas or water pipes. A well-grounded transceiver will reduce the risk of interference to television or broadcast radio receivers. It can also reduce receiver noise caused by static discharges.
0
EXT. SP
Connect an optional 8 Q external speaker for clearer audio (page 4}. Connecting an external speaker cuts off audio automatically to the internal speaker. Accepts a 3.5 mm diameter (2-conductor) plug.
2 GETTING ACQUAINTED
MICROPHONE
© [UP] button © [DWN] button
In general, these buttons perform the same function as the Alternate Tuning control. They raise or lower the VFO frequency, the memory channel number, the Tone/CTCSS frequency, or the DTSS/Page code digits. Holding either button down causes the action to be repeated. Also, in Menu Setup, the buttons are
used to switch among available menu selections for each menu number.
© [PTT] (Push-lo-talk) switch
Press to transmit: release to receive. Also, press to
exit Scan and DTSS/Page code setting.
0 LOCK switch
Locks all microphone functions except [PTT] and, if
equipped, the DTMF keypad. This switch does not
lock Front Panel buttons.
© PF (Programmable Function) keys
These keys do not have fixed functions, i.e. their
functions can be assigned and changed by the
operator {page 35}. By default, the keys have the
following functions:
[CALL] key (MC- 45/45DM) Recalls the Call channel. Same function as [CALL]
on the Front Panel.
[1750]
key (MC-45E/45DME)
Sends a 1750 Hz tone for repeater access.
0 DTMF keypad (some versions only)
The 16-key keypad is used to transmit DTMF tones.

MICROPHONE CONNECTOR

[PF] key
Accesses the last menu number used in Menu Setup.
[VFO] key Each press toggles between VFO A or VFO B. Same
function as [A/B] on the Front Panel. [MR] key Selects Memory Recall for access to the memory
channels. Same function as [MR] on the Front Panel.
10
© MENU
2 GETTING ACQUAINTED
DISPLAY
Appears when accessing Menu Setup or DTSS/Page
Code Select.
© F.LOCK
Appears when the Frequency Lock function is ON.
® MHz
Appears when the MHz function is ON. Also appears while using Memory Recall when selecting from only
programmed channels, or Memory Scroll when choosing empty memory channels.
© AVFOB
"A VFO" appears when VFO A is selected, and "VFO
B" appears when VFO B is selected. VFOs are
selected by using [A/B]. "A" and "B" appear while
Menu A and Menu B are being accessed respectively.
© — +
Indicates the transmit offset direction in relation to the receive frequency. "+" and are used by the TM-255A/E and TM-455A. "+",and are used by the TM-455E.
® TONE
Appears when the subaudible tone encoder is ON.
© REV
Appears when Automatic Modulation mode is
selected.
© BELL
Appears when Tone Alert is ON.
© RIT display
Appears when Receiver Incremental Tuning is ON.
Displays the amount and direction of frequency shift with the RIT ON, and the scan speed value while scanning.
0 FM
Appears when the FM mode is selected by pressing
[AUTO/FM].
© LSBUSB
Appears when Lower Sideband (LSB) or Upper
Sideband (USB) is selected by pressing [SSB/CW].
© M.CH
Appears when Memory Recall is selected. Memory
Recall is selected by pressing [MR], The memory
channel digits are used while accessing Menu Setup
and DTSS/Page Code Select to indicate the
Menu No. selected. The dot to the lower right of the
memory channel digits indicates the selected memory
channel is locked-out of Memory Scan.
Appears when the Reverse function is ON. Transmit and receive frequencies are reversed.
® PROC
Appears when the transmit Speech Processor is ON.
® AlP
Appears when the Advanced Intercept Point function is ON.
© NB
Appears when the Noise Blanker is ON.
© ON AIR
Appears when the transceiver is in the Transmit
mode.
© BUSY
Appears when the squelch is open due to a received
signal or noise that is greater in strength than the
noise squelch threshold level. Also appears when the
noise squelch is set to minimum by turning the SQL
control fully counterclockwise. If using either CTCSS
or DTSS, appears when the squelch is open due to a
received signal that contains a CTCSS frequency or DTSS code that matches the Tone frequency or DTSS code programmed in your transceiver.
11
г GETTING ACQUAINTED
Ф Ф
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MENU
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F.LOCK MHz А VFO В
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BUSY I SI 3 5 7 / ,,,
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^
STAR
Appears when the selected Page code is locked-out.
@ Meter
In Receive, acts as a Peak Hold S-meter to indicate the signal strength of received signals from S1 to 40 dB over S9. In Transmit, acts as a Peak Hold RF
meter to indicate approximate transmit output power on a scale from 1 to 10. The peak hold characteristic can be disabled by menu selection if desired. The S-
meter is used for setting the squelch threshold of the
S-meter Squelch function.
<g) LOW
Appears when Low transmit output power is selected.
When "LOW" is not visible. High output power is
selected.
llllllllllllilVlIllllllllllllll LOW
RF 2 4 / 6 8 ■'О /
(6) 0
+ TONE REV PROC
------
DTSS CTCss co
M. SCR /PRG SCAN
(8) (|) ® ® ®
AlP
7i_5
-29.
(g) PRG
Appears when memory channel 99 is selected or during Program Scan.
(g SCAN
Appears during Program Scan or Memory Scan.
(g TOT
Appears when the Time-out Timer function is ON.
® Digital frequency display
Displays the transmit and receive frequencies. Also
displays menus while accessing Menu Setup or
DTSS/Page Code Select, and minutes/seconds for
Tone Alert.
®
DTSS
Appears when the Dual Tone Squelch System is ON
(FM mode only).
© CTCSS
Appears when the Continuous Tone Coded Squelch
System is ON (FM mode only) when the CTCSS unit
is installed.
(g) CO
Appears when Carrier-operated Scan Resume is ON.
When not visible. Time-operated Scan Resume is in
effect.
(g) CW
Appears when the CW mode is selected by pressing
[SSB/CW].
(g M.SCR
Appears when Memory Scroll is selected by pressing
[M.IN].
12
3 MENU SETUP
MENU DESCRIPTION
Many functions on this transceiver are selected or configured via software-controlled menus instead of physical controls on the transceiver. Once familiar
with the Menu system, you will appreciate the
versatility it offers. No longer is the number and complexity of features restricted by the physical size of transceiver. The Menus are identified as Menu A and Menu B. Menu A is used to access functions that are frequently changed while Menu B is used for less frequently changed functions.

MENU ACCESS

Anytime that you wish to change a function that is controlled by Menu Setup, use the following
procedure: 1 Press [F] (2 s) or microphone [PF] to enter Menu
Setup.
2 Select Menu A or Menu B by pressing [A/B] or
microphone [VFO].
• The last menu number used and the current menu selection appear.
3 Select the desired menu number by turning the
Alternate Tuning control.
4 Select the desired menu selection by pressing
[F.LOCK], or [LOW], or microphone [UP] or [OWN].
• When selecting from a group of numeric menu selections, [F.LOCK] or microphone [UP] selects in ascending order, and [LOV\^ or microphone [DWN] selects in descending order.
5 After selecting the desired menu selection, press
[F], or [CLR], or microphone [PF] to exit Menu Setup.
Note:
Accessing menus while the Frequency Lock function is ON
cancels Frequency Lock temporarily. Frequency Lock is
restored after exiting Menu Setup.
The Automatic Power Off timer stops counting while you are in
Menu Setup.
MENU CONFIGURATION
Refer to the following tables when configuring Menu A or Menu B.
MENU A
IMemi No.
00 Display Brightness
• 4 Illumination levels and OFF (d1: brightest)
01 CW Keying Delay
• Delay time in milliseconds
02
CW Receive Pitch
• 50 Hz steps Busy-Frequency Stop (Program Scan)
03
• Enabled (ON) or Inhibited (OFF)
04
Scan Resume (Program Scan)
• Time-operated (0) or Carrier-operated (1) Memory Scan
05
• All Memory channels (ON) or specific channel group only (OFF)
06 SSB/CW Frequency Step Size
• Alternate Tuning control or microphone
• 5 step sizes
07
FM Frequency Step Size
• Alternate Tuning control or microphone
• 8 step sizes
08 AF Level Select
• Low (L) or High (H)
^ TM-455; Full Break-in ("Full") can be selected but this function is not supported. ^ U.S.A. and Canada: 5 kHz
Do$criptid|i
[UP]/[DWN]
[UP]/[DWN]
OFF/d4/d3/ d2/d1 d2
100/ 200/ 300/ 400/ 600/ 800/
1000/1400/1800 ms^
400 to 1000 Hz 800 Hz
10 Hz/100 Hz/1 kHz/5 kHz/
10 Hz/100 Hz/1 kHz/5 kHz/
10 kHz/12.5 kHz/ 20 kHz/ 25 kHz
Selections
ON/OFF
0/1 0
ON/ OFF
10 kHz
L/H
1
Default
600 ms
ON
OFF
10 kHz
TM-255:
12.5 kHz 2
TM-455:
25 kHz
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