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Model 708A
Switching System
Instruction Manual
708A-901-01 / A
Contains Operating and Servicing Information
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W ARRANTY
Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 1 year from date of
shipment.
Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable batteries,
diskettes, and documentation.
During the warranty period, we will, at our option, either repair or replace any product that proves to be defective.
To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley representati ve, or contact Keithley headquarters in Clev eland, Ohio. You will
be given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, transportation prepaid, to the indicated service facility. Repairs
will be made and the product returned, transportation prepaid. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty period, or at least 90 days.
LIMIT A TION OF W ARRANTY
This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley’s express written consent, or misuse of
any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software, non-rechargeable batteries, damage from battery leakage, or
problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow instructions.
THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE
BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.
NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT , SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF ITS INSTRUMENTS AND
SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., HAS BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES. SUCH EXCLUDED DAMAGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: COSTS OF REMOVAL
AND INSTALLATION, LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY PERSON, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.
Keithley Instruments, Inc. • 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, OH 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: 440-248-6168 • http://www.keithley.com
CHINA: Keithley Instruments China • Yuan Chen Xin Building, Room 705 • 12 Yumin Road, Dewai, Madian • Beijing 100029 • 8610-62022886 • Fax: 8610-62022892
FRANCE: Keithley Instruments SARL • BP 60 • 3 Allée des Garays • 91122 Palaiseau Cédex • 33-1-60-11-51-55 • Fax: 33-1-60-11-77-26
GERMANY: Keithley Instruments GmbH • Landsberger Strasse 65 • D-82110 Germering, Munich • 49-89-8493070 • Fax: 49-89-84930759
GREAT BRITAIN: Keithley Instruments, Ltd. • The Minster • 58 Portman Road • Reading, Berkshire RG30 1EA • 44-1189-596469 • Fax: 44-1189-575666
ITALY: Keithley Instruments SRL • Viale S. Gimignano 38 • 20146 Milano • 39-2-48303008 • Fax: 39-2-48302274
NETHERLANDS: Keithley Instruments BV • Avelingen West 49 • 4202 MS Gorinchem • 31-(0)183-635333 • Fax: 31-(0)183-630821
SWITZERLAND: Keithley Instruments SA • Kriesbachstrasse 4 • 8600 Dübendorf • 41-1-8219444 • Fax: 41-1-8203081
TAIWAN: Keithley Instruments Taiwan • 1FL., 85 Po Ai Street • Hsinchu, Taiwan • 886-35-778462 • Fax: 886-35-778455
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Model 708A Switching System
Instruction Manual
©1998, Keithley Instruments, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
First Printing, September 1998
Document Number: 708A-901-01 Rev. A
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Manual Print History
The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created for this manual. The Revision
Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent updates. Addenda, which are released between Revisions, contain important change information that the user should incorporate immediately into the manual. Addenda are numbered sequentially. When a new Revision is created, all Addenda associated with the previous Revision of the manual are
incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revision includes a revised copy of this print history page.
Revision A (Document Number 708A-901-01).............................................................................. September 1998
All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
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Safety Precautions
The following safety precautions should be observed before using
this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions
may be present.
This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read the operating information
carefully before using the product.
The types of product users are:
Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use
and maintenance of equipment, and for ensuring that operators are
adequately trained.
Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be
trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with
hazardous live circuits.
Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product
to keep it operating, for example, setting the line voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in
the manual. The procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service
personnel.
Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform
safe installations and repairs of products. Only properly trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.
Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal
voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures. The
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock
hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V
peak, or 60VDC are present.
that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before
measuring.
A good safety practice is to expect
Users of this product must be protected from electric shock at all
times. The responsible body must ensure that users are prevented
access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases,
connections must be exposed to potential human contact. Product
users in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves
from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating
at or above 1000 volts,
exposed.
As described in the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) Standard IEC 664, digital multimeter measuring circuits
(e.g., Keithley Models 175A, 199, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2010) are
Installation Category II. All other instruments’ signal terminals are
Installation Category I and must not be connected to mains.
Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits.
They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources.
NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.
Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting
cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks
before each use.
For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any
other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test.
ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge
any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal
changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.
Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the
common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground.
Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a
dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being
measured.
no conductive part of the circuit may be
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Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and operating information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or
switching card.
When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating
for continued protection against fire hazard.
Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for
measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections.
If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use of a
lid interlock.
If a screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the
wire recommended in the user documentation.
!
The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual.
The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or measure 1000 volts or more, including the combined effect of normal
and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to
avoid personal contact with these voltages.
The
WARNING heading in a manual explains dangers that might
result in personal injury or death. Alw ays read the associated infor mation very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.
Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.
Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and
all test cables.
To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement
components in mains circuits, including the power transformer, test
leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses, with applicable national safety approvals,
may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components
that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as
long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments
to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are
unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a
Keithley Instruments office for information.
To clean the instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based
cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply
cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill
on the instrument.
The
CAUTION heading in a manual explains hazards that could
damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.
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708A Switching System
Overview
CAPACITY: One plug-in card per mainframe
EXPANSION CAPACITY: Daisy-chain expansion of up to four Slave units with one
Master unit.
ANALOG BACKPLANES: Connections provided for user-supplied cable. Provides
automatic row expansions between 7071, 7071-4, 7073, 7074, 7075, 7076 and 7077
cards in separate 708 mainframes.
DISPLAY:Crosspoint and IEEE-488 bus status.
MEMORY:Storage for 100 matrix setups, battery backup.
PROGRAMMED SETTLING TIME: 0 to 65 seconds in 1ms increments.
FRONT PANEL CONTROL: Crosspoint Control, Factory Default, Open, and Digital I/O.
TRIGGER SOURCES: External Trigger (TTL compatible, programmable edge, 600ns
minimum pulse width); IEEE-488 bus (TALK, GET, “X”); manual.
STATUS OUTPUT: Matrix Ready (TTL compatible programmable high or low true);
goes false when relays are switched, true at end of Programmed Settling Time.
MAKE BEFORE BREAK, BREAK BEFORE MAKE: Programmable by row.
LIGHT PEN OPTION: Controls crosspoints.
Execution Speed
MAXIMUM TRIGGER RATE: 200 setups per second (stepping through previously
stored setups with make-before-break and break-before make disabled)
TRIGGER RESPONSE TIME: External trigger: <1ms. IEEE-488 GET: <1ms.
RESPONSE TO IEEE-488 COMMAND (to close a single relay, excluding relay settling
time):
Standalone: <15ms.
Master and Four Slaves:<55ms.
Download Time (one setup): 50ms typical.
IEEE-488 BUS IMPLEMENTATION
MULTILINE COMMANDS:DCL, LLO, SDC, GET, GTL, UNT, UNL, SPE, SPD.
UNILINE COMMANDS: IFC, REN, EOI, SRQ, ATN.
INTERFACE FUNCTIONS: SH1, AH1, T6, TE0, L4, LE0, SR1, RL1, PP0, DC1, DT1, C0, E1.
GENERAL
CARD INSTALLATION: Configurable for front or rear installation.
DIGITAL I/O:
OUTPUTS:
Configuration: 16 open collector drivers with factory-installed 10kΩ pull-up
resistors. Each driver has internal flyback diodes.
Pull-up Voltage: 5V @ 65mA internally supplied. External connection provided for
user supplied voltage 40V max.
Maximum Sink Current: 600mA per channel. 2A max.
Output Protection: Each output protected from short circuits with supply
voltages up to 25VDC.
Logic: Negative true.
Collector-Emitter Saturation Voltage: <200mV @ 100mA
<400mV @ 400mA
<600mV @ 600mA
INPUTS:
Configuration: 16 inputs with internal 10kΩpull-up resistor.
Maximum Voltage Level: 42V pk.
Logic: Positive true logic.
REAR PANEL CONNECTORS:
Two BNC: External Trigger, Matrix Ready.
Two DB-25: Digital I/O.
Two 8-pin DIN: Master/Slave In, Master/Slave Out.
EMC: Conforms with European Union Directive 89/336/EEC EN 55011,
EN 50082-1, EN 61000-3-3, FCC part 15 class B.
SAFETY: Conforms with European Union Directive 73/23/EEC EN 61010-1.
ENVIRONMENT:
Operating: 0 to 50°C, <80% relative humidity (0° to 35°C).
Storage: –25 to 65°C.
POWER: 100–240V AC, 50–60Hz, 110 VA maximum.
RELAY DRIVE: 5A.
DIMENSIONS: 90mm high ×433 mm wide × 570 mm deep (3.5 in × 17 in ×22.4 in).
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
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Table of Contents
1 General Information
1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 1-1
1.2 Features .............................................................................................................................................................. 1-1
1.3 Warranty information ......................................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.4 Manual addenda ................................................................................................................................................. 1-1
1.5 Safety symbols and terms .................................................................................................................................. 1-1
1.6 Specifications ..................................................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.7 Unpacking and inspection .................................................................................................................................. 1-2
1.7.1 Inspection for damage .............................................................................................................................. 1-2
1.7.2 Shipment contents .................................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.8 Repacking for shipment ..................................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.9 Optional accessories ........................................................................................................................................... 1-2
2 Card Installation
2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-1
2.2 Changing card installation access ...................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.3 Card installation/removal ................................................................................................................................... 2-2
3 Getting Started
3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 3-1
3.2 Front panel familiarization ................................................................................................................................. 3-1
3.2.1 LED matrix .............................................................................................................................................. 3-2
3.2.2 Light pen connection ................................................................................................................................ 3-3
3.2.3 LED indicators ......................................................................................................................................... 3-3
3.2.4 Switches/connections ............................................................................................................................... 3-3
3.3 Rear panel familiarization .................................................................................................................................. 3-4
3.4 Card connections ................................................................................................................................................ 3-6
3.4.1 Overview — matrix design considerations .............................................................................................. 3-6
3.4.2 Connections — instruments to rows ........................................................................................................ 3-6
3.4.3 Connections — instruments to columns .................................................................................................. 3-8
3.4.4 Connections — partial matrix expansion ................................................................................................. 3-8
3.4.5 Multiple application cards ........................................................................................................................ 3-8
3.5 Expanding matrix size ...................................................................................................................................... 3-10
3.5.1 Overview — multiple matrix expansion ................................................................................................ 3-10
3.5.2 Backplane row expansion ...................................................................................................................... 3-14
3.5.3 External expansion ................................................................................................................................. 3-14
3.5.4 Control expansion using master/slave configuration ............................................................................. 3-15
3.5.5 System expansion issues ........................................................................................................................ 3-18
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3.5.6 Documenting system configuration ....................................................................................................... 3-18
3.5.7 Analog backplane cable construction .................................................................................................... 3-20
3.5.8 Sample expanded matrices .................................................................................................................... 3-20
3.6 Basic switching overview ................................................................................................................................ 3-24
3.6.1 Power-up ................................................................................................................................................ 3-24
3.6.2 Selecting make/break and break/make rows .......................................................................................... 3-24
3.6.3 Modifying a relay setup ......................................................................................................................... 3-24
3.6.4 Storing relay setup and applying setup to relays ................................................................................... 3-24
4 Operation
4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 4-1
4.2 Setup data paths ................................................................................................................................................. 4-1
4.3 Power-up procedure ........................................................................................................................................... 4-2
4.3.1 Line power connections ........................................................................................................................... 4-2
4.3.2 Power switch ............................................................................................................................................ 4-2
4.3.3 Power-up self-test and error conditions ................................................................................................... 4-2
4.3.4 Power-up configuration ........................................................................................................................... 4-3
4.3.5 Master/slave power-up ............................................................................................................................. 4-3
4.4 Display ............................................................................................................................................................... 4-4
4.4.1 Error LED ................................................................................................................................................ 4-4
4.4.2 IEEE-488 status indicators ...................................................................................................................... 4-4
4.4.3 Crosspoint display LEDs ......................................................................................................................... 4-5
4.4.4 Light pen .................................................................................................................................................. 4-5
4.5 Crosspoint display ............................................................................................................................................. 4-6
4.5.1 Modifying ................................................................................................................................................ 4-6
4.5.2 Copying .................................................................................................................................................... 4-6
4.6 Operation control ............................................................................................................................................... 4-7
4.6.1 Digital I/O ports ....................................................................................................................................... 4-7
4.6.2 External trigger ........................................................................................................................................ 4-8
4.6.3 Matrix ready output ................................................................................................................................. 4-8
4.6.4 Stand-alone and master/slave .................................................................................................................. 4-9
4.6.5 IEEE-488 bus address ............................................................................................................................ 4-10
4.6.6 Hardware relay settling times ................................................................................................................ 4-10
4.6.7 Self-test .................................................................................................................................................. 4-10
4.6.8 Factory defaults ..................................................................................................................................... 4-10
4.7 Selecting switching parameters ....................................................................................................................... 4-10
4.7.1 Programmed settling times .................................................................................................................... 4-11
4.7.2 Make/break and break/make rows ......................................................................................................... 4-11
4.8 Triggering ........................................................................................................................................................ 4-11
4.8.1 Sources ................................................................................................................................................... 4-12
4.8.2 Overrun conditions ................................................................................................................................ 4-12
4.8.3 External trigger input ............................................................................................................................. 4-14
4.8.4 Matrix ready output ............................................................................................................................... 4-14
4.8.5 IEEE-488 bus triggering ........................................................................................................................ 4-15
4.9 Reset ................................................................................................................................................................ 4-15
5 IEEE-488 Programming
5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 5-1
5.2 IEEE-488 quick start .......................................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.3 Bus cable connections ........................................................................................................................................ 5-3
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5.4 Interface function codes ..................................................................................................................................... 5-5
5.5 Primary address programming ........................................................................................................................... 5-5
5.6 QuickBASIC programming ............................................................................................................................... 5-6
5.7 Indicator and control aspects of IEEE-488 operation ........................................................................................ 5-7
5.7.1 Error LED ................................................................................................................................................ 5-7
5.7.2 Status indicators ....................................................................................................................................... 5-8
5.7.3 LOCAL/DIGITAL I/O key ...................................................................................................................... 5-9
5.7.4 Concurrent front panel and bus operation ................................................................................................ 5-9
5.8 General bus command programming ................................................................................................................. 5-9
5.8.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................................. 5-9
5.8.2 REN (remote enable) ............................................................................................................................... 5-9
5.8.3 IFC (interface clear) ............................................................................................................................... 5-10
5.8.4 LLO (local lockout) ............................................................................................................................... 5-10
5.8.5 GTL (go to local) ................................................................................................................................... 5-10
5.8.6 DCL (device clear) ................................................................................................................................. 5-10
5.8.7 SDC (selective device clear) .................................................................................................................. 5-10
5.8.8 GET (group execute trigger) .................................................................................................................. 5-10
5.8.9 SPE, SPD (serial polling) ....................................................................................................................... 5-10
5.9 Device-dependent command (DDC) programming ......................................................................................... 5-11
5.9.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................ 5-11
5.9.2 A — External trigger .............................................................................................................................. 5-15
5.9.3 B — Matrix ready .................................................................................................................................. 5-16
5.9.4 C — Close crosspoint ............................................................................................................................ 5-17
5.9.5 D — Digital Output ................................................................................................................................ 5-17
5.9.6 E — Edit pointer .................................................................................................................................... 5-18
5.9.7 F — Enable/disable triggers ................................................................................................................... 5-18
5.9.8 G — Data format .................................................................................................................................... 5-19
5.9.9 I — Insert blank setup ............................................................................................................................ 5-24
5.9.10 J — Self-test ........................................................................................................................................... 5-24
5.9.11 K — EOI and hold-off ........................................................................................................................... 5-24
5.9.12 L — Download setups ............................................................................................................................ 5-25
5.9.13 M — SRQ and serial poll byte ............................................................................................................... 5-26
5.9.14 N — Open crosspoint ............................................................................................................................. 5-28
5.9.15 O — Digital output ................................................................................................................................ 5-28
5.9.16 P — Clear crosspoints ............................................................................................................................ 5-29
5.9.17 Q — Delete setup ................................................................................................................................... 5-29
5.9.18 R — Restore defaults ............................................................................................................................. 5-30
5.9.19 S — Programmed settling time .............................................................................................................. 5-30
5.9.20 T — Trigger ........................................................................................................................................... 5-31
5.9.21 U — Status ............................................................................................................................................. 5-32
5.9.22 V — Make/Break ................................................................................................................................... 5-36
5.9.23 W — Break/Make .................................................................................................................................. 5-37
5.9.24 X — Execute .......................................................................................................................................... 5-38
5.9.25 Y — Terminator ..................................................................................................................................... 5-38
5.9.26 Z — Copy setup ..................................................................................................................................... 5-39
5.10 Relay command combinations ......................................................................................................................... 5-40
5.11 Timing considerations ...................................................................................................................................... 5-40
6 Principles of Operation
6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 6-1
6.2 Overview ............................................................................................................................................................ 6-1
6.3 Microcomputer ................................................................................................................................................... 6-2
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6.3.1 Reset circuit ............................................................................................................................................. 6-3
6.3.2 Address decoding ..................................................................................................................................... 6-3
6.3.3 Memory .................................................................................................................................................... 6-3
6.4 Relay control circuitry ....................................................................................................................................... 6-4
6.4.1 Switching card interface .......................................................................................................................... 6-4
6.4.2 Switching card logic ................................................................................................................................ 6-6
6.5 Display circuitry ................................................................................................................................................ 6-8
6.5.1 Display data ........................................................................................................................................... 6-11
6.5.2 Front panel keys ..................................................................................................................................... 6-11
6.5.3 Display interface .................................................................................................................................... 6-11
6.5.4 Refresh display/read keyboard .............................................................................................................. 6-11
6.6 Light pen interface ........................................................................................................................................... 6-12
6.7 Master/slave circuitry ...................................................................................................................................... 6-13
6.7.1 Serial communication ............................................................................................................................ 6-13
6.7.2 Control signals ....................................................................................................................................... 6-14
6.8 Digital I/O ........................................................................................................................................................ 6-14
6.9 IEEE-488 bus interface .................................................................................................................................... 6-14
6.10 Power supplies ................................................................................................................................................. 6-14
7 Maintenance
7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 7-1
7.2 Fixed rack installation ........................................................................................................................................ 7-1
7.3 Cover removal ................................................................................................................................................... 7-4
7.4 Fuse/power supply replacement ........................................................................................................................ 7-4
7.5 Battery replacement ........................................................................................................................................... 7-5
7.6 Digital I/O power selection (jumper W101) ...................................................................................................... 7-6
7.7 Disassembly ....................................................................................................................................................... 7-7
7.8 Static sensitive devices ...................................................................................................................................... 7-7
7.9 Switching system troubleshooting ..................................................................................................................... 7-8
7.9.1 Recommended test equipment ................................................................................................................. 7-8
7.9.2 Power-up self-test .................................................................................................................................... 7-8
7.9.3 Power supply checks ................................................................................................................................ 7-9
7.9.4 Mother board checks ................................................................................................................................ 7-9
7.9.5 Display checks ....................................................................................................................................... 7-13
7.9.6 Using an extender card .......................................................................................................................... 7-13
7.10 Handling and cleaning ..................................................................................................................................... 7-13
8 Replaceable Parts
8.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 8-1
8.2 Parts lists ............................................................................................................................................................ 8-1
8.3 Ordering information ......................................................................................................................................... 8-1
8.4 Factory service ................................................................................................................................................... 8-1
8.5 Component layouts and schematics ................................................................................................................... 8-1
A Card Configuration Worksheet
B I/O Connections
B.1 Typical output connection schemes ................................................................................................................... B-1
B.2 Typical input connection scheme ...................................................................................................................... B-2
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C IEEE-488 Bus Overview
C.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... C-1
C.2 Bus description .................................................................................................................................................. C-1
C.3 Bus lines ............................................................................................................................................................ C-3
C.3.1 Data lines ................................................................................................................................................. C-3
C.3.2 Bus management lines ............................................................................................................................ C-3
C.3.3 Handshake lines ...................................................................................................................................... C-3
C.4 Bus commands .................................................................................................................................................. C-4
C.4.1 Uniline commands .................................................................................................................................. C-4
C.4.2 Universal multiline commands ............................................................................................................... C-5
C.4.3 Addressed multiline commands .............................................................................................................. C-5
C.4.4 Address commands ................................................................................................................................. C-5
C.4.5 Unaddress commands ............................................................................................................................. C-5
C.4.6 Command codes ...................................................................................................................................... C-5
C.4.7 Typical command sequences .................................................................................................................. C-7
C.4.8 IEEE command groups ........................................................................................................................... C-7
C.5 Interface function codes .................................................................................................................................... C-8
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v
List of Illustrations
2 Card Installation
Figure 2-1 Model 708A switching system – changing switch card installation .......................................................... 2-2
Figure 2-2 Matrix card installation .............................................................................................................................. 2-3
3 Getting Started
Figure 3-1 Model 708A front panel switches .............................................................................................................. 3-1
Figure 3-2 Setup data transfers .................................................................................................................................... 3-2
Figure 3-3 Digital I/O status display ............................................................................................................................ 3-2
Figure 3-4 Front panel ................................................................................................................................................. 3-4
Figure 3-5 Model 708A rear panel .............................................................................................................................. 3-5
Figure 3-6 Connecting instruments to rows – single switching system ...................................................................... 3-7
Figure 3-7 Connecting instruments to rows – multiple (two) switching systems ....................................................... 3-7
Figure 3-8 Connecting instruments to columns – multiple (two) switching systems .................................................. 3-9
Figure 3-9 Partial matrix expansion example ............................................................................................................ 3-10
Figure 3-10 Sample backplane expansion ................................................................................................................... 3-11
Figure 3-11 Sample external (to backplane) expansion ............................................................................................... 3-12
Figure 3-12 Sample of master/slave interconnect cables – five Model 708A switching systems ............................... 3-16
Figure 3-13 Master/slave column locations ................................................................................................................. 3-17
Figure 3-14 Analog backplane expansion connectors ................................................................................................. 3-20
Figure 3-15 Backplane expansion cable – five Model switching systems .................................................................. 3-21
Figure 3-16 External row expansion – two stand-alone Model 708A’s ...................................................................... 3-22
Figure 3-17 Sample backplane expansion ................................................................................................................... 3-23
Figure 3-18 Partial matrix expansion example ............................................................................................................ 3-24
4 Operation
Figure 4-1 Paths for relay setup data ........................................................................................................................... 4-1
Figure 4-2 IEEE-488 status indicators ......................................................................................................................... 4-4
Figure 4-3 Crosspoint display LEDs ........................................................................................................................... 4-5
Figure 4-4 Light pen .................................................................................................................................................... 4-6
Figure 4-5 Pinouts – digital I/O ports .......................................................................................................................... 4-7
Figure 4-6 Input/output configurations ........................................................................................................................ 4-7
Figure 4-7 Rear panel BNC jacks ................................................................................................................................ 4-8
Figure 4-8 Sample external trigger pulses ................................................................................................................... 4-8
Figure 4-9 Sample matrix ready pulses ....................................................................................................................... 4-8
Figure 4-10 Master/slave connectors ............................................................................................................................. 4-9
Figure 4-11 Rear panel – IEEE-488 address switches ................................................................................................... 4-9
Figure 4-12 IEEE-488 bus connector and rotary selection switches ........................................................................... 4-10
Figure 4-13 Timing without make/break and break/make rows .................................................................................. 4-12
Figure 4-14 Timing with either make/break or break/make rows ............................................................................... 4-13
Figure 4-15 Timing with both make/break and break/make rows ............................................................................... 4-14
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vii
5 IEEE-488 Programming
Figure 5-1 Flowchart of example program .................................................................................................................. 5-2
Figure 5-2 IEEE-488 connector ................................................................................................................................... 5-3
Figure 5-3 IEEE-488 connections ............................................................................................................................... 5-3
Figure 5-4 IEEE-488 connector location ..................................................................................................................... 5-4
Figure 5-5 Contact assignments .................................................................................................................................. 5-4
Figure 5-6 IEEE-488 bus connector and rotary selection switches ............................................................................. 5-6
Figure 5-7 IEEE-488 indicators ................................................................................................................................... 5-8
Figure 5-8 Digital I/O status display mode ................................................................................................................. 5-9
Figure 5-9 External trigger pulse ............................................................................................................................... 5-15
Figure 5-10 Matrix ready pulse ................................................................................................................................... 5-16
Figure 5-11 G0 and G1 full output formats ................................................................................................................. 5-21
Figure 5-12 G2 and G3 inspect output formats ........................................................................................................... 5-22
Figure 5-13 G4 and G5 condensed output formats ..................................................................................................... 5-22
Figure 5-14 G6 and G7 binary output formats ............................................................................................................ 5-23
Figure 5-15 SRQ mask and serial poll byte format ..................................................................................................... 5-26
Figure 5-16 READY and MATRIX READY signal timing ....................................................................................... 5-31
Figure 5-17 U0 machine status word ........................................................................................................................... 5-33
Figure 5-18 U1 error status word ................................................................................................................................ 5-33
Figure 5-19 U3 relay step pointer ................................................................................................................................ 5-34
Figure 5-20 U4 number of slaves ................................................................................................................................ 5-35
Figure 5-21 U5 card identification .............................................................................................................................. 5-35
Figure 5-22 U6 relay settling time ............................................................................................................................... 5-35
Figure 5-23 U7 digital input ........................................................................................................................................ 5-36
6 Principles of Operation
Figure 6-1 Model 708A block diagram ....................................................................................................................... 6-1
Figure 6-2 Digital board block diagram ...................................................................................................................... 6-2
Figure 6-3 RAM and battery backup ........................................................................................................................... 6-4
Figure 6-4 Matrix card interface simplified schematic ............................................................................................... 6-5
Figure 6-5 Matrix card interface timing diagram ........................................................................................................ 6-6
Figure 6-6 Typical matrix card logic block diagram ................................................................................................... 6-7
Figure 6-7 IDDATA timing diagram .......................................................................................................................... 6-7
Figure 6-8 Display board block diagram ..................................................................................................................... 6-9
Figure 6-9 Display interface simplified schematic ...................................................................................................... 6-9
Figure 6-10 Light pen interface simplified schematic ................................................................................................. 6-12
Figure 6-11 Master/slave interface simplified schematic ............................................................................................ 6-13
Figure 6-12 Digital I/O interface simplified schematic ............................................................................................... 6-15
7 Maintenance
Figure 7-1 Rack installation ........................................................................................................................................ 7-2
Figure 7-2 Screw and dress panel removal .................................................................................................................. 7-4
Figure 7-3 W101 jumper location ............................................................................................................................... 7-6
Figure 7-4 Troubleshooting programs ......................................................................................................................... 7-8
Figure 7-5 Relay control waveforms ......................................................................................................................... 7-12
Figure 7-6 Display interface waveforms ................................................................................................................... 7-12
viii
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B I/O Connections
Figure B-1 Digital output, solenoid control ................................................................................................................ B-1
Figure B-2 Digital output, relay control ...................................................................................................................... B-1
Figure B-3 Digital output, motor control .................................................................................................................... B-2
Figure B-4 Digital output, logic device control ........................................................................................................... B-2
Figure B-5 Digital input, monitoring micro-switches ................................................................................................. B-2
C IEEE-488 Bus Overview
Figure C-1 IEEE-488 bus configuration ...................................................................................................................... C-2
Figure C-2 IEEE-488 handshake sequence ................................................................................................................. C-3
Figure C-3 Command codes ........................................................................................................................................ C-6
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ix
List of Tables
3 Getting Started
Table 3-1 Digital input display formats ...................................................................................................................... 3-3
Table 3-2 Digital output display formats .................................................................................................................... 3-3
Table 3-3 IEEE-488 address switches ........................................................................................................................ 3-5
Table 3-4 Matrix and multiplexer cards ..................................................................................................................... 3-6
Table 3-5 Row-column and column-column paths .................................................................................................... 3-8
Table 3-6 Matrix expansion ...................................................................................................................................... 3-13
Table 3-7 Model 708A external expansion cables ................................................................................................... 3-15
Table 3-8 Response time comparison ....................................................................................................................... 3-18
Table 3-9 Model 708A switching system card configuration worksheet ................................................................. 3-19
4 Operation
Table 4-1 Setup data paths ......................................................................................................................................... 4-1
Table 4-2 Power-up, reset, and factory defaults ......................................................................................................... 4-3
Table 4-3 Error conditions .......................................................................................................................................... 4-4
Table 4-4 Slave unit controls, indicators, and connections ........................................................................................ 4-9
Table 4-5 Make/break and break/make operation .................................................................................................... 4-11
5 IEEE-488 Programming
Table 5-1 Sample strings ............................................................................................................................................ 5-2
Table 5-2 Contact assignments ................................................................................................................................... 5-4
Table 5-3 Model 708A interface function codes ........................................................................................................ 5-5
Table 5-4 BASIC IEEE-488 statements ..................................................................................................................... 5-6
Table 5-5 IEEE-488 errors causing ERR LED to illuminate ..................................................................................... 5-7
Table 5-6 Digital input display format ....................................................................................................................... 5-9
Table 5-7 Digital output display format ..................................................................................................................... 5-9
Table 5-8 General bus commands/BASIC statements ............................................................................................. 5-10
Table 5-9 Factory default, power-up, and DCL/SDC conditions ............................................................................. 5-11
Table 5-10 Order of command execution ................................................................................................................... 5-12
Table 5-11 DDC summary ......................................................................................................................................... 5-13
Table 5-12 Master/slave setup example ..................................................................................................................... 5-20
Table 5-13 Byte counts for data format ...................................................................................................................... 5-21
Table 5-14 Typical transmission and hold-off times – stand-alone ........................................................................... 5-41
Table 5-15 Typical transmission and hold-off times – master and one slave ............................................................ 5-42
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xi
6 Principles of Operation
Table 6-1 Display segment assignments .................................................................................................................. 6-10
7 Maintenance
Table 7-1 Recommended troubleshooting equipment ............................................................................................... 7-8
Table 7-2 Power supply checks .................................................................................................................................. 7-9
Table 7-3 Microcomputer checks ............................................................................................................................... 7-9
Table 7-4 Relay control checks ................................................................................................................................ 7-10
Table 7-5 Display interface checks .......................................................................................................................... 7-10
Table 7-6 Digital I/O checks .................................................................................................................................... 7-10
Table 7-7 Light pen checks ...................................................................................................................................... 7-11
Table 7-8 Master/slave checks ................................................................................................................................. 7-11
Table 7-9 Display board checks ............................................................................................................................... 7-13
8 Replaceable Parts
Table 8-1 Model 708A mother board, parts list ......................................................................................................... 8-2
Table 8-2 Model 708A front panel control board, parts list ...................................................................................... 8-4
Table 8-3 Model 708A backplane board, parts list .................................................................................................... 8-4
Table 8-4 Model 708A display board, parts list ......................................................................................................... 8-5
Table 8-5 Model 708A miscellaneous, parts list ........................................................................................................ 8-5
C IEEE-488 Bus Overview
Table C-1 IEEE-488 bus command summary ............................................................................................................ C-4
Table C-2 Hexadecimal and decimal command codes ............................................................................................... C-5
Table C-3 Typical addressed command sequence ...................................................................................................... C-7
Table C-4 Typical addressed command sequence ...................................................................................................... C-7
Table C-5 IEEE command groups .............................................................................................................................. C-7
Table C-6 Model 708A interface function codes ........................................................................................................ C-8
xii
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1
General Information
1.1 Introduction
This section contains general information about the Model
708A Switching System. The Model 708A is designed as a
programmable switch for connecting signal paths in a matrix
topology. It is for applications requiring a small-scale matrix
(up to 96 crosspoints per mainframe and 480 crosspoints per
master/slave configuration). Plug-in cards are available for
general and special purpose switching applications.
1.2 Features
Key features of the Model 708A Switching System are:
• The switching system accepts one 7X7X switching card
(front or rear panel installation).
• Digital I/O contained in the switching system (sixteen
inputs and outputs with internal pull-up resistors).
• IEEE-488 bus or interactive programming.
• Storage of 100 sets of relay setups, which can be uploaded or downloaded through the IEEE-488 interface.
• An active front panel LED display shows the present relay status, a stored setup, or an editing scratchpad.
• High-speed triggering of stored setups.
• Make/break and break/make switching programmable
matrix by rows. Operation is transparent and independent of the relay setup.
• Maximum matrix size of 8 rows by 60 columns (480
crosspoints on one IEEE-488 address with five units
connected in a master/slave configuration).
• Sealed construction, low heat producing design eliminates vent holes, which is suitable for cleanrooms.
• An optional light pen is available for interactiv e control
of relays and editing stored relay setups.
1.3 W arranty information
Warranty information is located at the front of this manual.
Should your Model 708A require warranty service, contact
your Keithley representative or an authorized repair facility
in your area for further information.
1.4 Manual addenda
Any improvements or changes concerning the switching system or manual will be explained in an addendum. Be sure to
note these changes and incorporate them into the manual before using or servicing the unit.
1.5 Safety symbols and terms
The following symbols and terms may be found on an instrument or used in this manual.
!
The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user
should refer to the operating instructions located in the instruction manual.
The symbol on an instrument shows that high voltage
may be present on the terminal(s). Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.
The WARNING heading used in this manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always
read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.
The CAUTION heading used in this manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.
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1-1
General Information
1.6 Specifications
Model 708A specifications are located at the front of this
manual. These specifications are exclusive of matrix card
specifications, which are located in their appropriate instruction manual.
1.7 Unpacking and inspection
1.7.1 Inspection for damage
Upon receiving the Model 708A, carefully unpack the unit
and inspect it for any obvious signs of physical damage. Report any damage to the shipping agent immediately . Sav e the
original packing carton for possible future shipment. If installing a matrix card at this time, be sure to follow the additional handling precautions explained in the appropriate
matrix card instruction manual.
1.7.2 Shipment contents
The following items are included with every Model 708A or der:
• Model 708A Switching System.
• Model 708A Instruction Manual.
• Fixed rack mount kit (includes mounting hardware).
• Removable feet (for bench-top use — includes hardware).
• Additional accessories as ordered.
1.9 Optional accessories
The following accessories are av ailable for the Model 708A.
Adapter and switching matrix cards
Model 7070 Universal Adapter Card — The Model 7070
card installs in the Model 708A and is jumper-selectable for
use either as a backplane extender or a breadboard. It has
quick-disconnect screw terminals and 10ft. ribbon cables.
Model 7071 General Purpose Matrix Card — The Model
7071 card has 8 rows by 12 columns of three-pole Form A
switching for general purpose applications. It has mass terminated connectors in addition to quick-disconnect screw
terminals.
Model 7071-4 Dual 4 × 12 General Purpose Matrix Card
— The Model 7071-4 card has two banks of four signal paths
of three-pole switching. Row and column connections to the
matrix are through 38-pin mass terminated connectors.
Model 7072 Semiconductor Matrix Card — The Model
7072 card has 2 rows by 12 columns of two-pole Form A for
low current switching, 4 rows by 12 columns of two-pole
Form A for general purpose switching, and 2 rows by 12 columns of one-pole Form A for C-V switching. It has three-lug
triaxial connectors.
Model 7072-HV High Voltage Matrix Card — The Model
7072-HV switches low level, high voltage, and high impedance signals for semiconductor parametric tests. It has two
low current paths, four general purpose paths, and two C-V
paths. Connections to the matrix are through triax connectors.
1.8 Repacking for shipment
Should it become necessary to return the Model 708A for repair, carefully pack the unit in its original packing carton or
the equivalent, and perform the following:
• Call the Repair Department at 1-800-552-1115 for a
Repair Authorization (RMA) number.
• Advise as to the warranty status of the switching system.
• Write ATTENTION REPAIR DEPARTMENT and the
RMA number on the shipping label.
• Fill out and include the service form located at the back
of this manual.
1-2
Model 7073 Coaxial Matrix Card — The Model 7073 card
has 8 rows by 12 columns of one-pole Form A switching (up
to 30MHz) for applications with single-ended instruments. It
has BNC connectors.
Model 7074-D Eight 1 × 12 General Purpose Multiplexer
Card — This card has eight banks of one signal path of
three-pole switching. Bank connections are through four 75pin mass terminated connectors; row connections are
through one 38-pin mass terminated connector.
Model 7075 Eight 1 × 12 Two-Pole Multiplexer Card —
The Model 7075 is a general purpose multiplex switching
card that consists of eight banks of independent 1 × 12 multiplexer switching. Eight 25-pin D connectors are provided
for bank connections and one for row connections.
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General Information
Model 7076 Dual 4 × 12 Two-Pole Matrix Card — The
Model 7076 is a general purpose matrix switching card that
consists of two independent 4 × 12 switching matrices. Each
matrix has two switched circuits (HI and GUARD). The four
row signal paths are connected through jumpers to the general purpose analog backplane in the Model 708A. Connections to the matrix are through standard 25-pin D connectors
for mass termination.
Model 7077 8 × 12 Isolated Coaxial Matrix Card — The
Model 7077 has 8 rows by 12 columns of two-pole Form A
switching for general purpose applications. It has BNC connectors.
Model 7172 Low Current Matrix Card — The Model 7172
is for semiconductor I-V and C-V measurements. It is configured in an 8 × 12 matrix of two-pole switching with triax
connectors. An on-board electrometer measures offset current.
Model 7173-50 4 × 12 High Frequency Matrix Card —
This card combines high frequency performance with
excellent DC switching characteristics. It provides 200MHz
bandwidth in a 4 × 12 matrix configuration. It has BNC
connectors.
Model 7174 8 × 12 Low Current Matrix Card — The Mod-
el 7174 is designed for high performance switching of I-V
and C-V signals. It has triax connectors.
Miscellaneous cables and accessories
Model 7007-1 Shielded IEEE-488 Cables — The Model
7007-1 connects the Model 708A to the IEEE-488 bus using
shielded cables to reduce electromagnetic interference
(EMI). The Model 7007-1 is 1m (3.3ft) long and has an EMI
shielded IEEE-488 connector at each end. This cable is also
available in a 2m (6.6ft) length (Model 7007-2).
Model 7051-2 BNC to BNC Cables — The Model 7051-2
makes connections to external trigger and matrix ready on
the Model 708A rear panel. The Model 7051-2 is a 50 Ω BNC
to BNC cable (RG-58C), which is 0.6m (2ft) long. This cable
is also available in a 1.5m (5ft) length (Model 7051-5).
Model 7078-PEN Programming Light Pen — The Model
7078-PEN connects to the Model 708A front panel. It is used
to toggle the states of the LEDs that display crosspoints and
digital I/O. A pen holder is included.
Model 8501-1 and 8501-2 Trigger Link Cables — The
Model 8501-1 and 8501-2 contain an 8-pin male DIN connector. The Model 8501-1 is 1m (3.3ft) in length, and the
Model 8501-2 is 2m (6.6ft) in length. Multiple cables are
used for connecting Model 708A units in a master/slave configuration through the rear panel master/slave connectors.
Note: The following backplane expansion components are
available from 3M Corporation.
Digital I/O cables
Model 7075-MTC Standard Cable — Standard 3m (10ft)
cable assembly terminated with 25-pin D-sub plugs on both
ends.
CS-400 Cable — 25-pin D-sub plug that will mate to the re-
ceptacles of the card. Solder-cup connections simplify the
building of custom cables.
CS-401 Cable — 25-contact D-sub receptacle that will mate
to the cables terminated with a 25-pin D-sub plug.
CS-590 Cable — Plastic backshell housing for CS-400.
Note: The following two cables are available from 3M Corporation.
8225-7000 (3M) Cable — 25-pin D-sub plug for customized
ribbon cable assemblies.
3357-9225 (3M) — Junction shell for 3M 8225-7000 D-sub
plug.
Backplane expansion (20-pin cable components)
3365/20 (3M) — 28 AWG ribbon cable rated at >200VDC.
3461-001 (3M) — 0.1 inch card-edge connector with a cur-
rent rating of 1A > 200VDC (one connector required for
each Model 708A).
3448-54 (3M) — Strain relief.
Backplane expansion (50-pin cable components)
3365/50 (3M) — 28 AWG ribbon cable rated at >200VDC.
3415-0001 (3M) — 0.1 inch card-edge connector with a cur-
rent rating of 1A > 200VDC (one connector required for
each Model 708A).
3448-54 (3M) — Strain relief.
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1-3
2
Card Installation
2.1 Introduction
WARNING
The procedures in this section are intended for use by qualified service personnel only. Do not perform these
procedures unless qualified to do so.
Failure to recognize and observe normal
safety precautions could result in personal injury or death.
Installation procedures are described in this section.
2.2 Changing card installation access
The configuration chosen for each Model 708A Switching
System (front or rear) can simplify connections and shorten
the wiring required for each installation. As shipped from the
factory , the unit is configured for rear panel card installation.
With the Model 708A Switching System configured for front
panel card installation, the card and connections can be accessed from the front of the rack. Use the following procedure to change the Model 708A configuration for front or
rear panel card installation.
WARNING
T urn off power from all instrumentation
(including the Model 708A Switching
System) and disconnect all power line
cords. Make sure all power is removed
and stored energy in external circuitry is
discharged prior to changing card installation configuration.
CAUTION
To prevent contamination, handle matrix cards and backplane using lint-free
gloves. If contamination occurs, clean
according to the card’ s instruction manual.
1. Remove the card, slot cover, and analog backplane from
the Model 708A Switching System by loosening the
spring-loaded mounting screws (see Figure 2-1).
2. Install analog backplane on the Model 708A Switching
System panel. Make sure the analog backplane connector (P1015) is inserted completely into its mating connector. The mating connector will be J1015A for front
panel card installation and J1015B for rear panel card
installation.
• Front panel card installation — Install
the analog backplane on the rear panel
of the unit.
• Rear panel card installation — Install
the analog backplane on the front panel
of the unit.
3. Secure and ground by tightening the spring-loaded
mounting screws.
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2-1
Card Installation
Note:
Front panel Matrix Card
installation shown.
Front Panel
J1015B
Model 708A Switching System
Panel Cover
P1015
Figure 2-1
Model 708A switching system – changing switch card installation
2.3 Card installation/removal
Before operating the Model 708A in a test environment, install a card in the switching system. Although cards are not
needed to program setups for master/slave configurations,
make sure the loop connections are present.
Card installation
Using Figure 2-2 as a guide, install a card in the Model 708A
Switching System as follows. Specific card instructions can
be found in the appropriate card’s manual.
WARNING
Before installing or removing cards or
making card connections, turn off mainframe power and disconnect the line
cord. Also, make sure no power is applied from the user’s circuit.
Analog Backplane
CAUTION
Do not touch the card surfaces, connectors, or components to avoid contamination that could degrade card performance.
NOTE
Some cards have connectors that are inaccessible once the card is fully inserted into
the switching system (e.g., the quick disconnect terminal blocks on Model 7071
cards). In these cases, connect wires to the
row and column terminal blocks before
seating the card fully in the backplane
connectors.
1. Remove the slot cover (if installed).
2. Using lint-free gloves, install the card.
2-2
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Card Installation
Matrix Card
(Front panel card installation)
Front
Matrix Card
(Rear panel card installation)
Figure 2-2
Matrix card installation
Model 708A Switching System
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2-3
Card Installation
CAUTION
Properly support the card until it is fully
seated in the Model 708A’s analog backplane. If the card is not supported until
it is fully seated, it may be damaged by
its own weight.
3. Pick up the card with both hands (one hand grasping the
handle and the other hand supporting the weight of the
card).
4. Align the card in the Model 708A. Make sure the edges
of the card slide into the card edge guides and the component side of the card is facing up.
5. Slide the card into the Model 708A. Make sure the card
is fully seated in the analog backplane.
6. Tighten the spring-loaded mounting screws with a Philips screwdriver.
WARNING
The mounting screws must be secured to
ensure a proper chassis ground connection between the card and the Model
708A Switching System. Failure to
properly secure this ground connection
may result in personal injury or death
due to electric shock.
Card removal
Using Figure 2-2 as a guide, remove a card from the Model
708A Switching System as follows. Specific card instructions can be found in the appropriate card’s manual.
WARNING
Before installing or removing cards or
making card connections, turn off mainframe power and disconnect the line
cord. Also, make sure no power is applied from the user’s circuit.
CAUTION
Do not touch the card surfaces, connectors, or components to avoid contamination that could degrade card performance.
NOTE
Some cards have connectors that are inaccessible once the card is fully inserted into
the switching system (e.g., the quick disconnect terminal blocks on Model 7071
cards). In these cases, remove wires from
the row and column terminal blocks before fully removing the card from the
backplane connectors.
1. Using lint-free gloves, remove the card.
• Loosen the spring-loaded mounting screws.
• Pull out the card by its handle (one hand grasping the
handle and the other hand supporting weight of card).
CAUTION
Properly support the card while removing it from the mainframe. An unsupported card may be damaged by its own
weight. Store cards properly. Refer to
the appropriate card manual’s handling
and cleaning precautions for specific instructions.
2-4
2. Install the slot cover (or other card as applicable).
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RELAYS
DISPLAY RELAYS
DIG I/O
POWER
COPY
OPEN
RESET
LOCAL
Figure 3-1
Model 708A front panel switches
3
Getting Started
3.1 Introduction
This section contains information on operating the Model
708A. It includes a brief description of operating controls
and connections. Once you are familiar with the material
presented here, refer to Section 4 for more detailed information.
3.2 Front panel familiarization
An overview of the Model 708A front panel operation is gi ven in the following paragraphs. The front panel switches are
shown in Figure 3-1. The front panel of the Model 708A accepts plug-in matrix cards when configured for front panel
matrix card installation (refer to paragraph 2.2). When configured for rear panel matrix card installation, the front panel
contains the analog backplane. Figure 3-2 illustrates setup
data transfers within the Model 708A.
All front panel keys except POWER are momentary-contact
membrane switches. The COPY key has an LED indicating the
copy function. When the LED is lit, any changes made to the
crosspoint display will be immediately copied to the relays.
CAUTION
When changing setups, use caution
when the COPY key is enabled (the corresponding LED will be lit). Accidental
connections may be copied to the relays
causing instrument damage.
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3-1
Getting Started
Stored
Setup #100
Model 708A
Front Panel
Internal Memory
Figure 3-2
Setup data transfers
Model 708A
Crosspoint Display
Stored
Setup #1
Crosspoint Relays
Model 7X7X
Matrix Cards
3.2.1 LED matrix
Use the LED matrix to monitor (or change using the optional
light pen) the CROSSPOINT (relay) status or DIGITAL I/O
status (see Figure 3-3). The CROSSPOINT display mode is
the default mode for the Model 708A.
CROSSPOINT — Shows crosspoint status for the present
relay setup, a stored relay setup, or an edited relay setup. The
LED matrix (8 rows by 12 columns) shows on/off states of
the card setup. States can be changed by the IEEE bus or the
optional light pen. Crosspoint configurations can be stored in
memory or sent to relays. A closed relay is indicated by a lit
LED.
DIG I/O — When the Model 708A is placed in digital I/O
display mode, the LED matrix shows the present digital IN/
OUT status. The digital IN LEDs are located in rows A-H,
columns 1-2. The digital OUT LEDs are located in rows AH, columns 11-12. States can be changed by the IEEE bus or
the optional light pen.
KEITHLEY
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
708A SWITCHING SYSTEM
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
IN OUT
LOCAL
DIG I/O
RESET
Figure 3-3
Digital I/O status display
OPEN
RELAY
DISPLAY RELAYS
LSTN
COPY
COPY
TALK
REM
ERR
POWER
3-2
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IN
Getting Started
— Displays the present status of the digital input on the
LED matrix. Logic high is indicated by a lit LED. The digital
input display status is continuously updated. Table 3-1 lists
digital input display formats.
Table 3-1
Digital input display formats
Row/Column Input # Row/Column Input #
A1
B1
C1
D1
E1
F1
G1
H1
OUT — Displays the present status of the digital output on
the LED matrix. The output can be changed by clicking the
light pen on the appropriate LED. Output high is indicated
by a lit LED. Output low is indicated by an extinguished
LED. The digital output display status is updated when the
output is changed. Table 3-2 lists digital output display
formats.
Table 3-2
Digital output display formats
Row/Column Output # Row/Column Output #
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A2
B2
C2
D2
E2
F2
G2
H2
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
3.2.2 Light pen connection
LIGHT PEN — An optional input device for toggling the
on/off state of the crosspoint display LEDs and digital I/O
LEDs. One light pen is used to control the LEDs of up to five
Model 708A mainframes. Refer to Figure 3-1 for the location of the light pen connection. Refer to paragraph 4.4.4 for
light pen operating information.
3.2.3 LED indicators
IEEE-488 Status Indicators
TALK, LSTN, REM — These three LED indicators apply
to instrument operation over the IEEE-488 bus. The TALK
and LSTN indicators show when the unit has been addressed
to talk or listen. REM turns on to show when the unit is in the
IEEE-488 remote state. See Section 4 for detailed information about operation over the bus.
Other Status Indicators
ERR — This LED lights when an error condition is flagged.
The error condition is flagged in the serial poll byte when any
bits in the Error Status Word are set. Refer to paragraph
5.9.20 for information on sending the Error Status Word
(command U1).
COPY — When this LED is lit, any change to the crosspoint
display is immediately sent to the relays. Refer to paragraph
3.2.4 for information on toggling the COPY LED.
A11
B11
C11
D11
E11
F11
G11
H11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A12
B12
C12
D12
E12
F12
G12
H12
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
9
3.2.4 Switches/connections
POWER — The power switch turns the unit on or off. The
unit is on when the POWER pushbutton is in (depressed) and
off when the POWER pushbutton is out.
CAUTION
The position of the POWER pushbutton
indicates the power status of the Model
708A Switching System. The status of
the crosspoint display and the other
LEDs are not indications of power being
applied to the Model 708A.
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3-3
Getting Started
708A SWITCHING SYSTEM
KEITHLEY
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
IN OUT
LOCAL
DIG I/O
RESET
OPEN
RELAY
Figure 3-4
Front panel
TALK
LSTN
REM
ERR
COPY
COPY
DISPLAY RELAYS
POWER
WARNING: NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICEABLE PARTS. SERVICE BY QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL ONLY
LIGHT PEN
LOCAL and DIG I/O — This key places the Model 708A
in local (while in remote) or in digital I/O mode (while in local). While in digital I/O mode, I/O status will appear on the
LED matrix (see Figure 3-3).
LOCAL — With the Model 708A in remote, pressing LO-
CAL returns the switching system to local mode (REMOTE
off). While in local, operation of all front panel controls are
active unless the Model 708A is in LLO (local lockout). For
more information about local lockout, refer to paragraph
5.8.4.
DIG I/O — W ith the Model 708A in local, press this ke y to
select digital I/O display mode (see Figure 3-3). Press this
key a second time to return to local mode from digital I/O
display mode. Refer to paragraph 3.2.1 for information on
digital I/O display format.
RESET — Performs the same functions as cycling power
(all relays are opened, triggers are disabled, RELA Y STEP to
000, MEMORY STEP to 001, etc.) with the exception of
power-up self-checking and master/slave loop initialization.
OPEN RELAYS — Turns off (opens) all present crosspoint
LEDs (if not in digital I/O display mode). COPY must be enabled to open relays automatically.
COPY DISPLAY-RELAYS — Enables/disables automatic
copying of the displayed crosspoint configuration to the relays. This causes any change to the crosspoint display to be
applied immediately to the relays. This pushbutton also toggles the COPY LED (see paragraph 3.2.3) on and off.
3.3 Rear panel familiarization
The following paragraphs contain an overview of the Model
708A Switching System rear panel (see Figure 3-5). In addition to the various connectors, IEEE-488 address selection
switches are located on the rear panel. Master/slave configuration and IEEE-488 (GPIB) addresses are set using these rotary selection switches. The rear panel of the Model 708A
accepts plug-in cards when configured for rear panel card installation (see paragraph 2.2). When not configured for rear
panel card installation, the rear panel contains the analog
backplane.
3-4
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MADE IN U.S.A.
KEITHLEY
Figure 3-5
Model 708A rear panel
EXT TRIG
INPUT
MATRIX READY
OUTPUT
WARNING:
MASTER/
MASTER/
SLAVE
SLAVE
IN OUT
TIGHTEN MOUNTING SCREWS TO ENSURE PROPER CHASSIS GROUND
REFER TO MANUAL FOR PROPER BACKPLANE CABLE INST.
DIGITAL INPUT DIGITAL OUTPUT
IEEE-488 INTERFACE
Getting Started
WARNING:
!
NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICEABLE PARTS.
SERVICE BY QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL ONLY
INSTRUMENT INTERNALLY FUSED.
LINE RATING
90-250V
50-60 HZ
110 VA MAX
3
3
5
5
4
4
4
4
2
2
6
6
5
5
1
1
3
3
7
7
6
6
0
0
2
2
9
9
8
8
7
7
1
1
8
8
IEEE-488
ADDRESS
EXT TRIGGER INPUT — A BNC jack for applying a
trigger pulse to change to the next relay setup, if triggers are
enabled and TRIG ON EXT is selected as the source. Pulses
must be TTL-compatible, negative- or positive-going (programmable edge), with a duration greater than 600ns. Refer
to the external trigger device-dependent command (DDC) in
paragraph 5.9.2.
MATRIX READY OUTPUT — A BNC jack providing a
TTL-compatible, high- or low-true level. It goes false when
relays are switched and goes true after the sum of the relay
settling time and the programmed settling time. Refer to the
matrix ready device-dependent command (DDC) in paragraph 5.9.3.
MASTER/SLAVE OUT — An 8-pin DIN connector for
connecting a cable to the next switching system in a master/
slave daisy-chain configuration.
MASTER/SLAVE IN — An 8-pin DIN connector for con-
necting a cable from the previous switching system in a master/slave daisy-chain configuration.
DIGITAL I/O — Two DB-25 connectors.
Input — Sixteen inputs with internal pull-up resistors
provide level shifting for direct micro-switch monitoring. Maximum voltage is 42V (peak).
Output — Sixteen open collector drivers with factory-
installed 10k Ω pull-up resistors. Each driver has internal
flyback diodes. Pull-up voltage is 5V at 65mA maximum. External connections are provided for user supplied voltage (40V maximum). Maximum sink current is
600mA per channel. Output short-circuit protection is
provided up to 25VDC.
Refer to paragraph 4.6.1 for more information on the digital I/O ports.
IEEE-488 INTERFACE — This connector interfaces the
Model 708A to the IEEE-488 bus. Refer to paragraph 4.6.5
for more information on the IEEE-488 interface port.
IEEE-488 ADDRESS SWITCHES — Two rotary switch-
es set GPIB (IEEE-488) addresses and also designate master/
slave units. From the factory , these switches are set to a GPIB
address of 18. Valid switch settings are shown in Table 3-3.
Refer to paragraph 4.6.5 for more information on the IEEE488 interface port.
Table 3-3
IEEE-488 address switches
System type Switch settings
Stand-alone unit
Slave of a master/slave system
Master of a master/slave system
0 to 30
0 to 30
31 to 60
AC RECEPTACLE — Power is applied through the sup-
plied power cord to the three-terminal AC receptacle.
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3-5
Getting Started
3.4 Card connections
3.4.1 Overview — matrix design considerations
Card connections provide connection terminals between the
instruments and the DUTs. For each matrix card designed for
the Model 708A, the rows can be lengthened by adding columns from other cards of the same model number through
the analog backplane buses or with user-installed jumpers,
depending on the card model. T o manuf acture a cable for analog backplane bus expansion, refer to paragraph 3.5.7.
Rows are expanded across mainframe boundaries, either in a
master/slave or stand-alone/stand-alone configuration. In a
master/slave configuration of up to five switching systems,
the rows are extended to 60 columns maximum. Paragraph
3.5 describes master/slave expansion.
Table 3-4
Matrix and multiplexer cards
Card family Model Form
Universal 7070 96 Open Collector Drivers
General purpose 7071
7071-4
7074-D
7074-M
7075
7076
Semiconductor 7072
7072-HV
7172
7174
Coaxial 7073
7077
7173-50
The Model 708A Switching System is designed to be used
with the cards listed in Table 3-4.
3.4.2 Connections — instruments to rows
If your application requires few instruments and many
DUTs, connect the instruments to rows (up to eight) and the
DUTs to columns (12 columns per matrix card/switching
matrix, up to 60 columns with five matrix cards/switching
matrices as stand-alone units or in a master/slave configuration). This connection scheme is optimum because the rowcolumn path has only one crosspoint as shown in Figure 3-6.
Expansion of rows leads to a long, narrow matrix containing
one crosspoint as shown in Figure 3-7.
8 × 12 Matrix
Dual 4 × 12 Matrix Card
Eight 1 × 12 Multiplexer Card
Eight 1 × 12 Multiplexer Card
Eight 1 × 12 Multiplexer Card
Dual 4 × 12 Matrix Card
8 × 12 Matrix Card
8 × 12 Matrix Card
8 × 12 Matrix Card
8 × 12 Matrix Card
8 × 12 Matrix Card
8 × 12 Matrix Card
4 × 12 Matrix Card
3-6
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DUT
Getting Started
Source
Source
Measure
Measure
123456789101112
Note : One crosspoint closure
yields a row-column path.
Figure 3-6
Connecting instruments to rows – single switching system
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
DUT
SOURCE
SOURCE
MEASURE
MEASURE
COLUMN
X
X
123456789101112 131415161718192021222324
Legend
SOURCE
MEASURE
RELAY
X
Figure 3-7
Connecting instruments to rows – multiple (two) switching systems
ROW
A
X
X
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
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3-7
Getting Started
3.4.3 Connections — instruments to columns
An alternate connection scheme of the long, narrow matrix
has all connections on the columns, both instruments and
DUTs. This type of connection scheme is usually used in an
expanded switching matrix (refer to paragraph 3.5) when the
series of tests requires a large number of instruments and
DUTs, with only a few signals for each test. As shown in Figure 3-8, with two cards, two crosspoint relays must be closed
to complete a path from column-column (a safety benefit
when sourcing). Multiple crosspoint paths, when compared
with single crosspoint paths, have additional path resistance
and contact potential.
Crosspoint programming becomes more complex with
column-column paths because of the number of possible
paths for large matrices and the choice of rows to complete
the path (refer to Table 3-5).
Table 3-5
Row-column and column-column paths
Possible
paths for 8
Crosspoints
per path
Row-column
Column-column
Notes:
1. The crosspoints per path do not account for any isolator relays present
on a card.
2. Each column-column path can be made through one of eight rows
(e.g., column 1 can be connected to column 2 by any of the following:
closing A1 and A2, B1 and B2, C1 and C2, etc.).
2
1
2
1
rows × 12
columns
96
66
Possible
paths for 8
rows × 60
columns
480
1830
The row completion choice for column-column paths on
multiple application cards follows the recommendations given previously for row-column paths. With a Model 7072
card, close a crosspoint relay in row A or B for low current
applications, row C, D, E, or F for general purpose switching, and row F or G for C-V switching.
3.4.4 Connections — partial matrix expansion
External expansion of the cards can also be used to implement a partial matrix. As shown in Figure 3-9 (Model 7071
cards), a column connection is made between unit 3 and unit
4. With the example connections shown, three crosspoints
must be closed to source (increasing the safety factor), but
only one crosspoint closure is needed to measure (recommended for sensitive instruments).
3.4.5 Multiple application cards
Selecting the correct row connections for instruments is important with cards designed for multiple applications. Using
the Model 7072 as an example, the recommended connections are:
• Rows A and B (low current) — Picoammeters, electrometers.
• Rows C through F (general purpose) — DMMs, sources.
• Rows G and H (C-V characteristics) — C-V analyzers.
3-8
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Getting Started
DUT Test
Fixture
Instrumentation
Note: BNC matrix cards shown. Other card connections similar.
BNC cables connect to row terminals
of both cards.
(14 connections)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Master
DUTs
Simplified
Equivalent Circuit
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Slave
BNC Cable - Columns
Ribbon Cable - Rows
Instrumentation
(10 connections)
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Figure 3-8
Connecting instruments to columns – multiple (two) switching systems
3-9
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Getting Started
External Columns
(DUTs)
1
7071
Model 708A
Unit 1
12
Backplane Row
Expansion Cable
A
H
External Columns
13
Model 708A
(DUTs)
7071
Unit 2
Figure 3-9
Partial matrix expansion example
3.5 Expanding matrix size
3.5.1 Overview — multiple matrix expansion
An 8 × 12 matrix card of the Model 708A Switching System
is a building block for larger matrices. Matrix expansion is
accomplished by the following two methods.
Backplane row expansion — The Model 708A backplane
automatically extends rows from other like cards. Refer to
Table 3-6 for a list of matrix cards supported by this feature.
T o enable automatic backplane expansion, one of two special
cables must be constructed (refer to paragraph 3.5.7). Two
types of backplane expansion are supported: analog expansion and analog expansion with control (master/slave). Refer
to Figure 3-10. Analog backplane ro w expansion is discussed
in paragraph 3.5.2. To expand using analog expansion with
control (master/slave), first expand using analog backplane
row expansion (paragraph 3.5.2), and then complete using
control expansion (paragraph 3.5.4).
External (to backplane) expansion — External expansion
uses adapters, connectors, and cables to connect like cards in
24
Backplane Row
Expansion Cable
A
7071
Model 708A
Unit 3
H
7071
Model 708A
Unit 4
External
Column
Connections
A
H
A
H
External Rows
(Measure)
External Rows
(Source)
separate Model 708A Switching Systems. Two types of external expansion are supported: external analog expansion
and external analog expansion with control (master/slave).
Refer to Figure 3-11. A master/sla ve connection of up to fiv e
switching matrices is an extension of the rows (up to 8 rows
by 60 columns). Individual rows and columns can also be
connected between cards or between switching matrices. External analog expansion is discussed in paragraph 3.5.3. To
expand using analog expansion with control (master/slave),
first expand using external expansion (paragraph 3.5.3), and
then complete using control expansion (paragraph 3.5.4).
Use Table 3-6 to determine the type of row expansion for
specific matrix cards.
NOTE
Column expansion (including partial matrix expansion) for all matrix cards is accomplished externally to the backplane
(refer to paragraph 3.5.3).
3-10
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DUT Test
Fixture
Instrumentation
Master/Slave
IN/OUT Cables
Equivalent Circuit
DUTs
(14 connections)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
BNC Cable - Columns
Analog Backplane Cable - Rows
Simplified
Instrumentation
(10 connections)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Getting Started
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Figure 3-10
Sample backplane expansion
Master
Note: BNC matrix cards shown. Other card connections similar.
Master/Slave IN/OUT cables used for control expansion.
Slave
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3-11
Getting Started
DUT Test
Fixture
Master/Slave
IN/OUT Cables
BNC Cable - Columns
BNC Cable - Rows
Instrumentation
NOTE: BNC matrix cards shown. Other card connections similar.
BNC cables connect to row terminals
of both matrix cards
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Master
Figure 3-11
Sample external (to backplane) expansion
DUTs
(14 connections)
Simplified
Equivalent Circuit
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Slave
Instrumentation
(10 connections)
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
3-12
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Table 3-6
Matrix expansion
Card family Model Form Connectors
Universal 7070
General purpose 7071
1
2
96 Open Collector Drivers 20 quick disconnect with 3 screw terminals
8 × 12 Matrix Card
Quick disconnect using 38-pin connectors or
screw terminals
2
7071-4
Dual 4 × 12 Matrix Card
Quick disconnect using 38-pin connectors
(or screw terminals on rows)
2
7074-D
Eight 1 × 12 Multiplexer Card
Bank—Four 75-pin connectors
Row—One 38-pin connector
7074-M
2
Eight 1 × 12 Multiplexer Card
Bank—Four 75-pin connectors
Row—One 38-pin connector
2
7075
2
7076
Semiconductor 7072
1,2
7072-HV
1
7172
1
7174
7077
3
2
Coaxial 7073
7173-50
NOTES:
1. Accomplish row control expansion for this card through external cabling/connections (refer to paragraph 3.5.3).
2. Accomplish row expansion automatically for this card through analog backplanes. Manufacture a 50-pin cable and connect backplanes of each Model 708A using the 50-pin connector located on the backplane (refer to paragraph 3.5.2 for connection information and to paragraph 3.5.7 for information on the 50-pin cable).
3. Accomplish row expansion automatically for this card through analog backplanes. Manufacture a 20-pin cable and connect backplanes of each Model 708A using the 20-pin connector located on the backplane (refer to paragraph 3.5.3 for connection information and to paragraph 3.5.7 for information on the 20-pin cable).
Eight 1 × 12 Multiplexer Card
Dual 4 × 12 Matrix Card
8 × 12 Matrix Card
1,2
8 × 12 Matrix Card
8 × 12 Matrix Card
8 × 12 Matrix Card
8 × 12 Matrix Card
8 × 12 Matrix Card
1
4 × 12 Matrix Card
25-pin subminiature D connector
25-pin subminiature D connector
3-lug triaxial
3-lug triaxial
3-lug triaxial
3-lug triaxial
BNC
BNC
BNC
Getting Started
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3-13
Getting Started
3.5.2 Backplane row expansion
Use the following procedure as a guideline to connect two or
more Model 708A Switching Systems containing like cards
through the analog backplane. Matrix card rows (refer to Table 3-6, notes 2 and 3) may be connected together using this
method.
NOTE
Analog backplane expansion does not expand control of separate Model 708A
Switching Systems in a master/slave system. This is accomplished through control
expansion (paragraph 3.5.4).
1. Determine expansion design. Refer to paragraph 3.5.5
for system expansion issues and to paragraph 3.5.8 for
sample expanded matrices.
2. Remove power from all Model 708A Switching Systems and all circuitry. Disconnect power cords.
3. Make sure the Model 708A Switching Systems to be
connected (up to five) have been properly configured.
Refer to paragraphs 2.2 and 4.6.1.
4. Using Table 3-6, determine the type of cable needed to
connect Model 708A Switching Systems through the
connectors. The type of cable (20-pin or 50-pin) will be
determined by the type of connectors specific to the
cards to be used. Also determine approximate cable
length by using the distance between each backplane
connection as a minimum.
NOTE
The number of connectors used in the cable will depend on the number of Model
708A Switching Systems to be connected
through the backplane.
3.5.3 External expansion
Use the following procedure as a guideline to connect two or
more Model 708A Switching Systems containing like cards
externally to the backplane. Matrix card rows or columns
may be connected using this method.
NOTE
External expansion does not expand control of separate Model 708A Switching
Systems in a master/slave system. This is
accomplished through control expansion
(paragraph 3.5.4).
1. Determine expansion design. Refer to paragraph 3.5.5
for system expansion issues and to paragraph 3.5.8 for
sample expanded matrices.
2. Remove power from all Model 708A Switching Systems and all circuitry. Disconnect power cords.
3. Make sure the Model 708A Switching Systems to be
connected (up to five) have been properly configured.
Refer to paragraphs 2.2 and 4.6.1.
4. Using T able 3-6 and Table 3-7, determine the type of cable, the approximate cable length needed, and the distance between each connection needed to connect the
Model 708A Switching Systems.
NOTE
The number of connectors used in the cable will depend on the number of Model
708A Switching Systems to be connected
through the backplane.
Specifications exclude errors resulting
from the cable.
Specifications exclude errors resulting
from the cable.
5. Construct cable (paragraph 3.5.7).
6. Connect Model 708A Switching Systems through the
appropriate backplane connectors.
7. If the system is being set up as a master/slave, continue
expansion. Refer to paragraph 3.5.4.
3-14
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5. Connect Model 708A Switching Systems through the
appropriate connectors.
6. If setting up system as a master/slave configuration,
continue expansion. Refer to paragraph 3.5.4.
Table 3-7
Model 708A external expansion cables
Model no. Description Expansion
Getting Started
7078-KIT
7078-MTC
7078-TRX-3
7078-TRX-10
7051-2
7051-5
7074-KIT
7074-MTC
7075-MTC Mass Terminated Cable (10 ft.) 7075, 7076 rows/columns
Mass Terminated Cable Kit
Mass Terminated Cable (20 ft.)
3-lug Triax-Triax Cable (3 ft.)
3-lug Triax-Triax Cable (10 ft.)
BNC-BNC Cable (2 ft.)
BNC-BNC Cable (5 ft.)
Mass Terminated Cable Kit
Mass Terminated Cable (20 ft.)
3.5.4 Control expansion using master/slave
configuration
Connect each Model 708A at the MASTER/SLAVE IN and
OUT connectors using a Model 8501-1 or 8501-2 cable. Refer to paragraph 1.9 for cable description. If connecting two
Model 708A Switching Systems in a master/slave arrangement, two cables will be needed. If connecting five Model
708A Switching Systems in a master/slave arrangement, five
cables will be needed. Refer to Figure 3-12. Column locations
for a fully expanded Model 708A are shown in Figure 3-13.
7071, 7071-4 rows/columns,
7074 rows
7072, 7072-HV, 7172, 7174
rows/columns
7073, 7173-50 rows/columns
7074 banks
1. Connect the master unit’s MASTER/SLAVE OUT to
the first slave unit’s MASTER/SLAVE IN.
2. If expanding to more than two Model 708A Switching
Systems, connect the first slave unit’s MASTER/
SLAVE OUT to the second slave unit’s MASTER/
SLAVE IN. Continue connecting in this fashion to the
last slave unit.
3. Connect the last slave unit’s MASTER/SLAVE OUT to
the master unit’s MASTER/SLAVE IN.
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3-15
Getting Started
Master
Analog Backplane
Expansion Cable
Slave 1
Slave 2
Slave 3
Slave 4
Master/Slave
Interconnect Cables
Figure 3-12
Sample of master/slave interconnect cables – five Model 708A switching systems
3-16
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Columns 1 through 12
Columns 13 through 24
Columns 25 through 36
Getting Started
Master
Slave 1
Slave 2
Figure 3-13
Master/slave column locations
Slave 3
Columns 37 through 48
Slave 4
Columns 49 through 60
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3-17
Getting Started
3.5.5 System expansion issues
Matrix expansion by Model 708A Switching Systems affects
system specifications and speed. The extent of affect depends on the size and configuration of the switching system.
Backplane row expansion decreases isolation among like
cards and increases offset current. Isolation relays (on the
Model 7072) and backplane jumpers (for general purpose
rows) help decrease these effects.
Expansion of units along rows or columns also degrades the
isolation and offset current specifications because of the
number of parallel paths and relays on each signal line.
Issues that affect system speed include:
Relay settling time — Each matrix card has a predefined re-
lay settling time. When card types are mixed in a system, the
longest settling time is in effect.
Bus communication — A master/slave setup responds
slower to bus commands because all communication is
through the master unit and the data transmission among the
units is verified with handshaking. Table 3-8 compares some
typical response times.
Table 3-8
Response time comparison
Master with
Action Stand-alone
Respond to bus command
to close single relay.
Download one setup to
708A.
<15ms
50ms typical
four slaves
<55ms
—
3.5.6 Documenting system configuration
With the connection flexibility of the matrix topology and
the expansion/isolation options of the Model 708A, documentation of the system configuration is important.
An example table for tracking card connections and expansion is shown in Table 3-9. Use the top portion of the table to
note system operation and size, the FROM/TO portion to list
card row and column connections, and the lower portion for
notes concerning expansion and operation.
3-18
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Getting Started
Table 3-9
Model 708A switching system card configuration worksheet
Card model number: _____________________
Stand-alone _____________________________
Master _____________ Slave 1_____________ Slave 2_____________ Slave 3_____________ Slave 4___________
System size:
Total crosspoints _________ rows__________ columns ___________ IEEE address___________
FROM
(Instrument connection or DUT pin)
External Card
Connection
TO
(Instrument connection or DUT pin)
Row A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Expansion:
Notes:
Column 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
___ Backplane bus (rows through ribbon cable) ___ Mass terminated cable (rows/cols.)
___ Point to point writing (rows/cols.) ___ BNC coax cable (rows/cols.)
___ Triax cable (rows/cols.) ___ Partial matrix expansion
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3-19
Getting Started
3.5.7 Analog backplane cable construction
The analog backplane of the Model 708A Switching System
has two expansion connections (see Figure 3-14). Each connection is part of a printed circuit board with wire traces
0.100 inches apart. Use these connections to expand Model
708A rows to the rows of other Model 708A Switching Systems. The 20-pin connection is used for expansion of coaxial
matrix cards [does not apply to the Model 7077 (50 pin) or
the Model 7173-50 (no automatic expansion)]. The 50-pin
connection is used for expansion of general purpose cards.
T able 3-6 contains the model numbers of all cards supported
by the Model 708A and also describes the appropriate method of expansion.
NOTE
Analog backplane expansion does not expand control of separate Model 708A
Switching Systems as a master/slave system. This is accomplished through control
expansion (paragraph 3.5.4).
Recommended cable parts (or equivalent)
NOTE
The 20-pin cable does not maintain the
50Ω characteristic impedance of the analog backplane (the 20-pin cable is intended for DC expansion).
Note: The following cables are available from 3M Corporation.
50-pin cable
3365/50 (3M) — 28 AWG ribbon cable rated at >200VDC.
3415-0001 (3M) — 0.1 inch card-edge connector with a cur-
rent rating of 1A > 200VDC (one connector required for
each Model 708A).
3448-54 (3M) — Strain relief (one strain relief required for
each Model 708A).
NOTE
The number of connectors/strain reliefs
used in the cable will depend on the number of Model 708A Switching Systems to
be connected through the backplane.
Specifications exclude errors resulting
from the cable.
When manufacturing the cable:
• Keep the cable length as short as possible. Make sure
adequate length is provided to span the distances between the Model 708A Switching Systems. If the Model 708A Switching Systems are not rack mounted,
provide extra clearance if physical layout of the mainframes is subject to change.
• Make sure adequate cable is allowed between each connector placed on the cable.
• Make sure pin 1 of each connector is aligned for pin 1
on each Model 708A connection. The connectors/connections are not keyed.
20-pin cable
3365/20 (3M) — 28 AWG ribbon cable rated at >200VDC.
3461-001 (3M) — 0.1 inch card-edge connector with a cur-
rent rating of 1A > 200VDC (one connector required for
each Model 708A).
3448-54 (3M) — Strain relief (one strain relief required for
each Model 708A).
50 Pin Connector 20 Pin Connector
11
Figure 3-14
Analog backplane expansion connectors
3-20
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3.5.8 Sample expanded matrices
Figures 3-15 through 3-18 contain sample expanded matrix
systems. Use these samples as a guide when designing a matrix system. Refer to paragraph 3.4 for instruments and DUT
considerations while designing a matrix system.
Analog Backplane
Getting Started
Master
Analog Backplane
Expansion Cable
Slave 1
Slave 2
Slave 3
Slave 4
Master/Slave
Interconnect Cables
Figure 3-15
Backplane expansion cable – five Model 708A switching systems
3-21
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Getting Started
DUT Test
Fixture
Instrumentation
Note: BNC matrix cards shown. Other card connections similar.
BNC cables connect to row terminals
of both cards.
(14 connections)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Master
DUTs
Simplified
Equivalent Circuit
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Slave
BNC Cable - Columns
Ribbon Cable - Rows
Instrumentation
(10 connections)
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Figure 3-16
External row expansion – two stand-alone Model 708As
3-22
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DUT Test
Fixture
Instrumentation
Master/Slave
IN/OUT Cables
Equivalent Circuit
DUTs
(14 connections)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
BNC Cable - Columns
Analog Backplane Cable - Rows
Simplified
Instrumentation
(10 connections)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Getting Started
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Figure 3-17
Sample backplane expansion
Master
Note: BNC matrix cards shown. Other card connections similar.
Master/Slave IN/OUT cables used for control expansion.
Slave
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3-23
Getting Started
External Columns
(DUTs)
1
7071
Model 708A
Unit 1
12
Backplane Row
Expansion Cable
A
H
External Columns
13
Model 708A
(DUTs)
7071
Unit 2
Figure 3-18
Partial matrix expansion example
3.6 Basic switching overview
The following paragraphs provide a step-by-step procedure
for editing a matrix setup, storing it in memory, and sending
the setup to the relays. The steps described are performed
over the IEEE-488 bus. Refer to Section 4 for more operation
information, including master/slave configurations.
24
Backplane Row
Expansion Cable
A
7071
Model 708A
H
Unit 3
External
Column
Connections
7071
Model 708A
Unit 4
A
H
A
H
External Rows
(Measure)
External Rows
(Source)
3.6.2 Selecting make/break and break/make rows
Select make-before-break, break-before-make, or the don’t
care operation for the rows. Don’t care is selected by deselecting a make/break or a break/make state. The selections will be
in effect for all relay switching, even if a stored setup is not
used. As a general rule, use make/break operation for current
sources and break/make operation for voltage sources.
3.6.1 Power-up
Connect the instrument to a grounded AC outlet using the
supplied power cable and turn on the unit. The Model 708A
will perform a power-up self-test to check R OM, RAM, card
configuration, stored setups, master/slave loop, indicators,
and displays.
When the self-test is complete, the Model 708A is configured with:
• All relays opened.
• The crosspoint display showing present relay setup.
• RELAY STEP to 000 (a pseudo setup memory that is
cleared at power-up and sent to the relays).
• MEMORY STEP to 001.
For a complete listing of power-up defaults, refer to paragraph 4.3.
Program the setup using the commands V and W as explained in paragraphs 5.9.21 and 5.9.22.
3.6.3 Modifying a relay setup
Use the Z — copy command (paragraph 5.9.25) to copy the
desired setup to the relays and the display.
If you have the optional light pen, toggle the state of a crosspoint LED by holding the light pen perpendicular to and
touching the front panel overlay, and pressing the light pen
button. Continue editing with the light pen until the crosspoint display shows the desired configuration.
You also may use the C — close and N — open commands
(paragraphs 5.9.4 and 5.9.13) to control the status of the
relays.
3.6.4 Storing relay setup and applying setup to
relays
To store the modified setup, use the Z — copy command
(paragraph 5.9.25) to copy the desired setup from the relays
to a setup number, which is specified when sending the Z
command.
3-24
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4
Operation
4.1 Introduction
This section contains a complete, detailed description of
each front and rear panel aspect of the Model 708A.
4.2 Setup data paths
The design of the Model 708A is optimized for high speed
switching of relay setups for matrices with a maximum of 8
rows by 12 columns (one unit) to 8 rows by 60 columns (five
units). If no rows are selected for make/break or break/make
operation, previously stored setups can be switched to the relays at a rate of up to 200 setups per second.
Besides the triggering of stored setup data to the relays, setup
data can be routed to and from the sources and destinations
shown in Figure 4-1. The data paths are selected by the
IEEE-488 bus operations listed in Table 4-1.
In addition to other front and rear panel operations, this section describes setup data transfers that are performed from
the Model 708A front panel. Section 5 describes the bus operations that transfer setup data.
Table 4-1
Setup data paths
Setup data path Action required
Display-Memory
Display-Relays
Memory-Display
Memory-Relays
Memory-Controller
Memory-Memory
Relays-Display
Relays-Memory
Relays-Controller
Controller-Memory
Controller-Relays
Notes:
1. Generation of the automatic copy is selected by a front panel key.
COPY LED is lit.
2. The automatic operation is generated if the displayed setup has
been changed by a bus command and has not been modified from
the front panel.
3. The automatic operation is generated if the displayed setup has
been changed by a trigger or bus command and has not been
modified from the front panel.
4. All controller modifications to setups are reflected on the crosspoint display if the affected setup is presently being displayed.
Bus command
Front panel COPY key (Note 1)
Automatic operation (Note 2)
Bus command or any valid trigger
Bus command
Bus command
Automatic operation (Note 3)
Bus command
Bus command
Bus command
Bus command
Figure 4-1
Paths for relay setup data
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4-1
Operation
4.3 Power-up procedure
4.3.1 Line power connections
Line voltage supply
The Model 708A Switching System can be operated from
line voltages of 100-240VAC at line frequencies of 50-60Hz.
Line power connections
Using the supplied line power cord, connect the switching
matrix to an appropriate AC power source. The female end
of the cord connects to the A C receptacle on the rear panel of
the instrument. The other end of the cord connects to a
grounded AC outlet.
WARNING
The Model 708A must be connected to a
grounded outlet to maintain continued
protection against possible shock hazards. Failure to use a grounded outlet
could result in personal injury or death
due to electric shock.
4.3.3 Power-up self-test and error conditions
During the power-up cycle, the instrument performs the following tests. The first five operations are transparent to the
user unless an error occurs.
1. A checksum test is performed on ROM, and a read/write
test is performed on RAM. If an error is found, the selftest continues and the unit error LED (ERR) lights along
with crosspoint LED D6 (ROM error) or D7 (RAM error). Override either type of error with a front panel keypress. The Model 708A will attempt normal operation.
2. The Model 708A reads identity information from the installed card and performs a checksum test on the data. If
the checksum test fails on the card, the error LED (ERR)
lights along with crosspoint LED D8. Override with a
front panel keypress. An empty slot will not produce an
error.
3. A checksum test is performed on all setups in memory.
If the instrument detects a checksum error in one or
more stored setups, the error LED (ERR) lights along
with crosspoint LED D9. The instrument clears the crosspoints bits of the setup(s) in error. The LEDs remain lit
until a key is pressed.
CAUTION
Do not operate the instrument on a line
voltage outside the indicated range, or
instrument damage could occur.
4.3.2 Power switch
T o turn on the power , push in the front panel PO WER switch.
Power is on when the switch is at the inner (1) position. To
turn power off, press POWER a second time.
WARNING
The position of the POWER pushbutton
indicates the power status of the Model
708A Switching System. The status of
the crosspoint display and the other
LEDs are not indications of power being
applied to the Model 708A. Failure to
correctly recognize the power status of
the Model 708A could result in serious
injury or death due to electrical shock.
NOTE
The setup error condition may be an indication of a low battery. Cycle power off
and on. If the condition reappears, refer to
paragraph 7.5 for the battery replacement
procedure.
4. The present card configuration is compared with the
unit’s previous configuration. If there is a change, the
100 setups in memory are reformatted. The front panel
display is blanked out during this time. Crosspoint closures are not affected. The storage setup for the dif ferent
cards is changed.
5. If the unit was previously programmed as a stand-alone
or slave unit, it powers up as a stand-alone. If the unit
was previously programmed as a master, it checks for
additional units in a serial looped configuration and tries
to make them slave units. Refer to paragraph 4.6.4 for
information concerning turning on a master/slave configuration. The error LED (ERR) and crosspoint LED
D3 light if there is not a closed loop (the Model 708A
can be looped back to itself). An y keypress or IEEE-488
bus operation will allow the unit to continue as a standalone unit.
6. The instrument performs the display test, where it illuminates all crosspoint LEDs and all other LED indicators.
4-2
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Operation
4.3.4 Power-up configuration
After the power-up tests and display messages are completed, the Model 708A assumes the following specific operating
states:
• All relays open.
• Crosspoint display shows present relay setup.
• Relay Step to 000 (a pseudo setup memory that is
cleared at powerup and sent to the relays).
• Memory Step to 001.
• Triggers are disabled.
Table 4-2 summarizes the power-up configuration for the
unit. The entire power-up process takes approximately five
seconds to complete.
4.3.5 Master/slave power-up
The power-up sequence for Model 708A mainframes can be
summarized as follows:
• Units previously programmed as stand-alones or slaves
power up as stand-alones.
• A unit previously programmed as a master powers up as
a master and tries to initiate a loop connection. If it is
successful, other units in the loop become slaves. If it is
not successful, the error LED (ERR) illuminates and the
unit reverts to stand-alone operation.
T o connect and power up a master/sla ve configuration for the
first time, follow these steps:
1. Connect up to five mainframes in a daisy-chain (MASTER/SLAVE OUT of one unit to MASTER/SLAVE IN
of next unit). Refer to paragraph 3.5.4 for more information.
2. Power down each unit.
3. From the rear panel of the desired master unit, set the
IEEE-488 address to 30 plus the present value. This action identifies the master unit while keeping the address
at the previous number, which is the master’s IEEE-488
setting minus 30.
4. Power up all the Model 708A Switching Systems.
During this initial and all subsequent power-ups of master/
slave configurations, connected Model 708A Switching Matrices wait until all units have power before initializing. It is
not necessary to turn on the master unit last.
CAUTION
When it is necessary to cycle power on a
slave unit, turn off all units in the master/slave configuration. This procedure
prevents the open communication and
control loop from putting the slave unit
in an undesirable state.
Table 4-2
Power-up, reset, and factory defaults
Parameter Power-up/reset default Factory default
Relays
Stored Setups
Relay Step
Memory Step
Digital Output
Digital Power
External Trigger
Matrix Ready
Master/Slave
IEEE-488 Address
Programmed Settling Time
Make/Break Rows
Break/Make Rows
Trigger Enable
Trigger Source
All opened
Unchanged
000
001
000
Unchanged (user selectable— Jumper
W101 selects internal/external power)
Falling edge
Active low
Unchanged (if successful)
Unchanged
0ms
Unchanged
Unchanged
Disabled
External
All opened
All cleared
000
001
000
Internal
Falling edge
Active low
Unchanged
18
0ms
None selected
None selected
Disabled
External
4-3
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Operation
4.4 Display
4.4.1 Error LED
Errors are signaled when the error LED (ERR) illuminates.
Use the U1 — error status command (paragraph 5.9.20) to
retrieve the cause of the error . Table 4-3 lists Model 708A error conditions. Where applicable, the necessary corrective
action is also given in the table.
4.4.2 IEEE-488 status indicators
The TALK, LSTN, and REM LEDs shown in Figure 4-2 indicate modes when the Model 708A is being programmed
over the IEEE-488 bus. The TALK and LSTN indicators
show when the unit has been addressed to talk or listen.
These talk and listen commands are derived from the unit’s
primary address. REM turns on to show when the unit is
placed in remote by addressing it to listen. All front panel
controls except LOCAL and POWER are inoperative when
REM is on. Local operation is restored by pressing LOCAL
unless the IEEE-488 LLO (local lockout) command is in effect. See Section 5 for details about IEEE-488 bus operation.
Table 4-3
Error conditions
SYSTEM
12
TALK
LSTN
REM
ERR
COPY
PO
COPY
Figure 4-2
IEEE-488 status indicators
Error Description Corrective action
Card ID Error*
IDDC
IDDCO
Invalid Input
Checksum test failed on a card.
Invalid device-dependent command.
Invalid device-dependent command option.
Invalid crosspoint address, setup location,
Remove card identified by all crosspoint LEDs lit.
Send only valid commands (see Section 5).
Send only valid command options (see Section 5).
Enter valid data.
make/break or break/make row, or parameter out of range.
M/S Error*
Error in master/slave communication loop
(overrun, parity, framing, count imbalance,
Check for a closed loop of MASTER/SLAVE OUT
to MASTER/SLAVE IN.
or time-out).
M/S Loop Down
One or more units connected in master/slave
Turn on all units or reconfigure master/slave loop.
loop are not powered up.
Not in Remote
“X” character received over IEEE-488 bus,
Put Model 708A in remote.
but Model 708A is not in remote.
RAM Fail*
ROM Fail*
Setup Error*
Trig Overrun
Self-test detected error in RAM.
Self-test detected checksum error in ROM.
Self-test detected checksum error in stored
setup. Battery may be low.
An additional trigger was received before
See troubleshooting in Section 7.
See troubleshooting in Section 7.
Affected setup is cleared, and then Model 708A
proceeds normally.
Check the READY bit in the serial poll byte.
the Model 708A asserts the READY signal.
* Error LED (ERR) remains lit until next operation.
4-4
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Operation
4.4.3 Crosspoint display LEDs
As shown in Figure 4-3, the crosspoint display has one LED
for each crosspoint of a card. Each block has 8 rows (A-H)
by 12 columns (1-12) of LEDs. The display LEDs show the
present open or closed relay states, or the on/off states of a
setup presently being edited. The on/off states of crosspoint
LEDs can be changed by commands over the bus or by the
optional light pen. Modified displays can be stored in memory or sent to the relays.
Figure 4-3
Crosspoint display LEDs
4.4.4 Light pen
The light pen is an optional input device for toggling the on/
off states of crosspoint display LEDs or digital I/O status
LEDs. One light pen is used to control the LEDs of all units
in a master/slave system.
As shown in Figure 4-4, the light pen connector plugs into
the front panel of stand-alone or master units. Remove the
light pen by pressing the button on the connector plug while
pulling out the plug. Mount the light pen holder on a handle
of the Model 708A by tightening the allen-head screw shown
in Figure 4-4.
To toggle the state of a crosspoint LED or change the digital I/O status LED with the light pen, perform the following steps:
CAUTION
When changing setups, use caution
when the COPY key is enabled (the
corresponding COPY LED will be lit).
Inadvertent connections may be copied
to the relays causing instrument
damage.
1. Hold the light pen as you would an ordinary pen.
2. With the light pen perpendicular to the front panel
overlay at the desired LED, press the button on the pen’ s
barrel.
3. Proper usage will toggle the state of the LED. If the button is pressed while not on an LED, no change will be
made to the Model 708A Switching System display (or
relays if COPY LED is lit).
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4-5
Operation
Figure 4-4
Light pen
4.5 Crosspoint display
If the displayed setup is modified by trigger or IEEE-488
commands, the crosspoint display changes automatically. If
editing a setup, changes to its source do not appear.
CAUTION
When changing setups, use caution
when the COPY key is enabled (the corresponding COPY LED will be lit). Inadvertent connections may be copied to
the relays causing instrument damage.
4.5.1 Modifying
After choosing the source of the setup, a crosspoint display
can be modified by turning on/off crosspoint LEDs with the
light pen. If the COPY indicator is lit, these actions open or
close relays immediately.
The maximum valid column number with a single unit is 12.
If several mainframes are connected and programmed for
master/slave operation, the maximum column can be up to
60 (with five units).
The optional light pen can also be used to turn on and off
crosspoint LEDs. Hold the light pen perpendicular to the
front panel overlay at the desired LED and press the button
on its barrel. This action toggles the state of the LED.
The maximum number of simultaneously closed crosspoints
depends on the specified drive current per crosspoint of each
card. The total relay drive current required per mainframe
cannot exceed 5A.
4.5.2 Copying
The setup data displayed on the crosspoint LEDs can be
stored in the non-volatile memory of the Model 708A or can
be sent directly to the relays by pressing the COPY key or by
sending a device-dependent command (DDC). See paragraph 5.9.25 for more information.
With the DDC, the displayed crosspoint configuration is
stored at the setup location specified when issuing the command. It overwrites the present setup data at that location. An
invalid input error occurs if you try to copy to a setup location below one or above 100.
4-6
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Figure 4-6
Input/output configurations
DRIVER
10kΩ
JUMPER
5V
OUTPUT
V
INT
SOLENOID
OR RELAY
COIL
A. Using Internal Voltage Source (5V)
DRIVER
JUMPER
V
OUTPUT
V
EXT
SOLENOID
OR RELAY
COIL
B. Using External Voltage Source
10kΩ10kΩ
10kΩ
INPUT
R
2
10kΩ
GND
R
1
10kΩ
R1 = Pull-up resistor
R
2
= Input protection resistor
C. Input Configuration
Operation
In master/slave configurations, each unit stores its own portion of each stored setup.
When the COPY key is pressed or the COPY LED is lit, the
displayed crosspoint configuration is sent to the relays.
When the COPY LED is lit, any change to the crosspoint display is also sent to the relays at the same time. This action is
apparent when scrolling through unmodified stored setups;
the memory step and relay step fields will sequence together.
For more information on these fields, refer to paragraph 5.8.
4.6 Operation control
4.6.1 Digital I/O ports
The TTL-compatible digital I/O port has sixteen data lines
for inputs and sixteen data lines for outputs. The pinouts for
the rear panel DB-25 connectors are shown in Figure 4-5.
Status of the input lines is viewed and states of the output
lines are programmed through the LED display using the
LOCAL/DIGITAL I/O key and the optional light pen, or
changed through the IEEE-488 bus. Figure 4-6 shows input
and output configurations.
NOT
USED
GND
IN16
IN15
IN14
Figure 4-5
Pinouts – digital I/O ports
INPUT
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
IN13
IN12
IN11
IN10
IN9
IN8
IN7
IN6
IN5
IN4
IN3
IN2
IN1
V
V
V
GND
GND
GND
GND
NOT
USED
OUT16
OUT15
OUT14
Digit inputs have an internal pull-up resistor. Open inputs
will be indicated by logic high.
Digital outputs are negative true. When a logic high is programmed, the output goes low (sinks).
With master/slave configurations, only the digital I/O ports
of the master unit are available for viewing and programming.
Digital I/O power supply jumper
Jumper W101 selects internal power supply (as shipped from
factory) or external (user) supplied power supply. Refer to
Section 7 for information on changing the power supply.
OUTPUT
13
25
+5
24
EXT
23
EXT
22
EXT
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
OUT13
12
OUT12
11
OUT11
10
OUT10
9
OUT9
8
OUT8
7
OUT7
6
OUT6
5
OUT5
4
OUT4
3
OUT3
2
OUT2
1
OUT1
4-7
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Operation
4.6.2 External trigger
If triggers are enabled and external trigger is selected as a
source, a TTL-compatible pulse of at least 600ns duration at
the rear panel EXT TRIG INPUT jack triggers the Model
708A. The input BNC jack is shown in Figure 4-7.
EXTERNAL
TRIGGER
INPUT
MATRIX
READY
OUTPUT
Figure 4-7
Rear panel BNC jacks
The unit can be programmed for which edge (falling or rising) of the external trigger pulse causes a transfer of stored
setup data to the relays. Sample trigger pulses are shown in
Figure 4-8. T o select which pulse edge triggers, send a DDC.
For more information, refer to paragraph 5.9.2.
Falling
Edge
TTL High
(3.4V Typical )
TTL Low
( 0.25V Typical )
A. Falling edge of pulse
Rising
Edge
TTL High
(3.4V Typical )
TTL Low
( 0.25V Typical )
B. Rising edge of pulse
Figure 4-8
Sample external trigger pulses
600ns
Minimum
600ns
Minimum
In master/slave configurations, only the EXT TRIG INPUT
port of the master unit is active. See paragraph 4.8 for more
information on triggering the Model 708A.
4.6.3 Matrix ready output
The Model 708A provides a TTL-compatible signal at its
rear panel MATRIX READY OUTPUT jack as shown in
Figure 4-7. The MATRIX READY signal goes false when
relays are switched and goes true at the end of the programmed settling time. As described in paragraph 4.8, this is
also after the relay settling time.
The unit can be programmed for a high- or low-true
MATRIX READY signal (Figure 4-9). To select the active
state of the signal, send a DDC. For more information, refer
to paragraph 5.9.3.
In master/slave configurations, the MATRIX READY signals of all units function, but only the master’s MATRIX
READY is an accurate signal.
TTL High
( 3. 4V Typical )
TTL Low
( 0. 25V Typical )
Progra mmed Settl ing Time
A. Matrix ready high true
TTL High
(3.4V Typical )
TTL Low
( 0. 25V Typical )
Progra mmed Settl ing Time
B. Matrix ready low true
Figure 4-9
Sample matrix ready pulses
Relay Settling Time +
Relay Settling Time +
4-8
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Operation
4.6.4 Stand-alone and master/slave
One method for expanding system size is to connect up to
five switching systems in a master/slave configuration,
where all units are daisy-chained for serial communication
and control. System operations are performed through the
master unit, either over the IEEE-488 bus or the master’s
front panel (including the light pen). A master/slave system
appears as a single unit and IEEE-488 address with a maximum size of 8 rows by 60 columns. Select stand-alone or
master/slave operation by setting the IEEE-488 addresses of
the Model 708A Switching Systems. Use the rotary switches
located on the rear panel of the Model 708A.
As described in paragraph 3.5.4, the MASTER/SLAVE OUT
and MASTER/SLAVE IN rear panel connectors are used to
connect DIN cables in a closed loop. The connector pinouts
are defined in Figure 4-10. The rear panel IEEE-488 address
switches are shown in Figure 4-11.
7
8
5
4
2
6
3
1
3
2
4
1
5
0
6
9
7
8
ADDRESS
IEEE-488
3
2
4
1
5
0
6
9
7
8
Figure 4-11
Rear panel – IEEE-488 address switches
Cycle power of all units in the master/slave loop to establish
control of the slaves through the master . During master/sla ve
operation, most front and rear panel controls of the slave
units are inactive. Table 4-4 shows slave unit’s control and
indicator status.
Table 4-4
Slave unit controls, indicators, and connections
Switch, indicator, or connector Slave unit status
Front Panel
POWER
CROSSPOINT DISPLAY LEDs
LOCAL key
OPEN RELAYS key
TALK, LSTN, REM LEDs
Light Pen/Light Pen Connector
active
active (display only)
inactive
inactive
inactive
inactive
Pin Master/Slave IN Master/Slave Out
1 M/S TRIGGER (low true) M/S TRIGGER (low true)
2 ALLREADY ALLREADY
3 LPRESET (low true) LPRESET (low true)
4 LPSENSE (low true) LPSENSE (low true)
5 RxDATA TxDATA
6-8 Chassis Ground C ha ssis Ground
Figure 4-10
Master/slave connectors
Designate one unit to be master by adding 30 to the IEEE488 address (selectable by rotary switches on the rear panel
of the Model 708A). If the loop of DIN cables is not closed,
the master’s error LED (ERR) will light, and all units will remain as stand-alones.
CAUTION
When it is necessary to cycle power on a
slave unit, turn off all units in the master/slave configuration. This procedure
prevents the open communication and
control loop from putting the slave unit
in an undesirable state.
Rear Panel
MASTER/SLAVE IN
MASTER/SLAVE OUT
EXT TRIG INPUT
MATRIX READY OUTPUT
active
active
inactive
active
(timing accuracy
may be inaccurate)
DIGITAL INPUT and OUTPUT
inactive
(outputs set to low)
IEEE-488 INTERFACE
not used
The master unit communicates with the slaves only when
necessary; it does not continuously monitor the status of the
closed-loop configuration. Hence, a disconnected master/
slave loop cable will not be detected and the ERR LED will
not be lit until the master attempts to send or receive data
around the loop. To determine if a master/slave error has occurred, send a DDC (refer to paragraph 5.9.20). The steps to
recover from an master/slave error are:
1. The master stops processing IEEE-488 bus commands,
returns to stand-alone operation, and terminates.
2. The slave units remain the same as before the error occurred.
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4-9
Operation
3. To re-initialize the loop, make sure master/slave cables
are secure, and cycle power of all units.
4.6.5 IEEE-488 bus address
The Model 708A communicates over the IEEE-488 bus
through the rear panel connection shown in Figure 4-12.
When connected to a bus controller, instrument operating
modes can be programmed. Note that IEEE-488 common is
always grounded.
4
5
6
7
IEEE-488
ADDRESS
3
4
2
5
1
6
0
9
7
8
3
2
1
0
9
8
IEEE-488 INTERFACE
Figure 4-12
IEEE-488 bus connector and rotary selection switches
T wo rotary switches on the rear panel of the Model 708A are
used to set the IEEE-488 address. One switch is used to set
each digit of the address. The primary address of the Model
708A is factory set to 18, but it may be set to any value between 0 and 30 (between 30 and 60 for a master unit) as long
as address conflicts with other instruments or the bus controller are avoided. Actual master unit addresses for programming will be 30 less than the address set on the Model 708A.
To check the present primary address, look on the rear panel
of the Model 708A. If the value is above 30, the actual IEEE488 address will be 30 less. To change the address, perform
the following procedure:
1. Power down the unit (stand-alone) or units (master/
slave).
2. Change the position of the rotary switches (Figure 4-12)
to the new address.
NOTE
Each device on the bus must hav e a unique
primary address. Failure to observe this
precaution could result in erratic bus operation. In a master/slave configuration, only
the master Model 708A Switching System
IEEE-488 address will be used. The IEEE488 address is updated only at power-up.
Section 5 contains detailed information on operating the
Model 708A over the IEEE-488 bus.
4.6.6 Hardware relay settling times
The card specification relay settling time is the time needed
for the relays to actuate or release (including contact bounce
time) and pass a clean signal. Since this specification is card
dependent, the Model 708A must identify on power-up
which cards are installed to determine the longest relay settling time in the system (stand-alone or master/slave). This
value is not user-modified, but the total settling time for a
switching operation can be lengthened by using the programmed settling time, as explained in paragraph 4.7.1.
T o view the relay (hardware) settling time of the system, use
the U6 — status command (paragraph 5.9.20).
See paragraph 4.8 for a discussion of settling times and
triggers.
4.6.7 Self-test
The self-test program is used to check ROM, RAM, and
allow inspection of the front panel LED indicators. This test
is also part of the power-up sequence. If you want to run the
test without cycling power, use the J0 — self test command
(paragraph 5.9.9).
If there is an error in ROM or RAM, the ERR LED is lit until
a keypress or bus operation. See Section 7 for troubleshooting procedures.
For master/slave configurations, all units are tested simultaneously, so you might have to run the test more than once to
inspect all LED indicators. Program 99 will turn on all
LEDs. This is done by setting the IEEE address switch to 99
and cycling power.
4.6.8 Factory defaults
A command can be used to return the Model 708A to the
factory default conditions listed in Table 4-2. To initiate this
action, use the R0 — restore defaults command (paragraph
5.9.17).
In master/slave configurations, all units return to factory
defaults when this is sent to the master unit.
4.7 Selecting switching parameters
The Model 708A has three switching parameters that are
user-modified: the programmed settling time, make-beforebreak rows, and break-before-make rows. The values of
these parameters are in effect for all relay switching until
they are changed. To modify the parameter, use the appropriate command.
4-10
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Operation
4.7.1 Programmed settling times
The programmed settling time is a variable switching delay
that can be used to lengthen the fixed delay of the relay
(hardware) settling time. You can select, in 1ms increments,
up to 65 seconds of additional switching delay.
If an additional trigger is received during this time, it is processed and the ERR LED is lit. At the end of the programmed
settling time, the Model 708A sets the MATRIX READY
output true.
To view the programmed settling time, use the U0 — status
command (paragraph 5.9.20).
NOTE
The U6 command sends the longest hardware settling time for all matrix cards, and
the U0 command sends the machine status
word. The machine status word contains
programmed settling times.
To change the programmed settling time, use the S — programmed settling time (paragraph 5.9.18). Use a value between 0-65000.
The programmed settling time is in effect for all crosspoint
relay open or close operations until it is reprogrammed. Its
effect on trigger response times is described in paragraph
4.8.
1. Crosspoints in break/make rows are opened.
2. Crosspoints in make/break rows are closed.
3. Crosspoints in make/break rows are opened.
4. Crosspoints in break/make rows are closed; crosspoints
in don’t care rows are opened or closed accordingly.
These steps are apparent to the user except for the increased
settling time. If either make/break or break/make rows are
not selected, the appropriate steps in the previous list are deleted and the total settling time decreases. Because make/
break and break/make operations affect settling times and
trigger response, these operations are further discussed in
paragraph 4.8.
To change the status to break/make, make/break, or don’t
care, refer to paragraphs 5.9.21 and 5.9.22. Selecting a row
for make/break de-selects it for break/make and vice versa.
The row selection is in effect for all units connected in a master/slave configuration. The operations are listed in T able 4-5.
Table 4-5
Make/break and break/make operation
Present state Action Next state
Don’t Care
Make/Break
Break/Make
Select Make/Break
Select Break/Make
Select Break/Make
De-select Make/Break
Select Make/Break
De-select Break/Make
Make/Break
Break/Make
Break/Make
Don’t Care
Make/Break
Don’t Care
4.7.2 Make/break and break/make rows
Make-before-break switching of relays is defined as connecting a new circuit before disconnecting the present circuit. It is used to eliminate transients caused by switching
between current sources. Break-before-make switching
means to disconnect the present circuit before connecting a
new circuit. It is used to avoid momentary shorting of two
voltage sources. Both of these switching operations are supported by the Model 708A.
Rows of crosspoint relays are user-selectable for make/
break, break/make, or don’t care operation. The selections
will be in effect for all switching until new choices are made.
When make/break or break/make operation is chosen, the
Model 708A automatically switches the crosspoint relays
through intermediate setups to perform the following steps:
When switching current sources, use make/break operation
to keep current flowing and eliminate switching transients.
When switching voltage sources, use break/make operation
to avoid momentary shorting of two paths together.
4.8 T riggering
When a Model 708A stand-alone or master unit is triggered,
the stored relay setup from RELA Y STEP+1 is sent to the relays. Triggers are enabled using the F1 command (paragraph
5.9.6).
The maximum trigger rate is specified with no make/break or
break/make rows selected. As described in paragraph 4.8.2,
additional switching delays are necessary with make/break
or break/make operation.
4-11
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Operation
4.8.1 Sources
The programmed trigger source provides the stimulus to
increment to the next stored setup. Possible trigger sources
include:
• External trigger pulse — An appropriate pulse, applied
to the EXTERNAL TRIGGER INPUT jack on the rear
panel, provides the trigger stimulus. The power-up
default is set for external triggering.
• IEEE command triggers — IEEE-488 GET, X, or talk
commands provide the stimulus when the appropriate
source is selected.
Use the T — trigger command to select the trigger source
(paragraph 5.9.19).
4.8.2 Overrun conditions
Once the instrument is triggered, it begins transferring relay
setup data from mainframe memory to the cards. If a second
trigger is received while the unit is still transferring data, a
trigger overrun condition will occur. In this case, the second
trigger is not processed, and the unit’s ERR LED illuminates.
Use the U1 — error status command (paragraph 5.9.20) to
retrieve the cause of the error.
After the time required for transferring relay data has
elapsed, the Model 708A is able to process another trigger. If
a trigger is received before the programmed setting time has
elapsed, a not settled error will result. Use the U1 — error
status command (paragraph 5.9.20) to retrieve the cause of
the error.
Figure 4-13 shows an example setup change and a timing
diagram of the READY (for trigger) pulse and a high true
MA TRIX READ Y pulse when the Model 708A is processing
the trigger. The status of these signals is available in the
serial poll byte (see Section 5). This timing is for setups with
no make/break or break/make rows.
When either make/break or break/make operation is
selected, the Model 708A switches through an intermediate
setup to ensure proper relay operation. If only make/break
rows are selected, the Model 708A performs the following
steps:
1. Closes crosspoints in make/break rows yielding an
intermediate setup.
2. Opens crosspoints in make/break rows and opens/closes
crosspoints in don’t care rows yielding the desired setup.
Sta t e :
Don' t Ca r e
Actions :
Ready
Matrix
Ready
Additional Tr igger
not Processed
Setup N Commands
123 12 3
AA
XX X X
Open Don't Care
Close Don't Ca r e
Setup D ata
Shift
Relay
Settling Time
TRIG
OVERRUN
NOT SETTLED Message
Additional Tr igger Is Processed
Setup N + 1
NA2
CA3
Programmed
Settling Time
Figure 4-13
Timing without make/break and break/make rows
4-12
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Operation
If only break/make rows are selected, the Model 708A performs the following steps:
1. Opens crosspoints in break/make rows yielding an intermediate setup.
2. Closes crosspoints in break/make rows and opens/closes
crosspoints in don’t care rows yielding the desired setup.
Sta t e : Setup N
123 123 123
Make/Break
Don' t Ca r e
Actions : Close Make/Break Open Make/Break
Break/Make
Don' t Ca r e
A
B
Setup N Intermedi ate
123 123 123
A
B
Intermediate
Setup
A
BB
Setup
A
BB
An example of these operations is shown in Figure 4-14 with
the corresponding timing diagram. By comparing Figure 413 and Figure 4-14, you can see that the intermediate setup
needed for make/break or break/make causes a delay in the
assertion of READY and MATRIX READY equal to the relay settling time.
Setup N + 1
Commands
A
Open Don't Care
Close D on't Care
Setup N+1
A
NA2, B2
CA3, B3
Make/Break Operation
Break/Break Operation
Commands
NA2, B2
CA3, B3
Actions :
Setup Dat a
Shift
Settling Time
Ready
Matrix
Ready
Open Break/Make Close Break/Make
Relay
TRIG OVERRUN
Additional Tr igger
Not Pr o ces sed
Figure 4-14
Timing with either make/break or break/make rows
Setup Dat a
Shift
Relay
Settling Time
Open Don't Care
Close D on't Care
Programmed
Settling Time
NOT SETTLED
Message
Additional Tr igger
is Proces sed
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4-13
Operation
When a combination of make/break and break/make rows is
selected, the Model 708A must switch through three intermediate setups to ensure proper relay operation. The steps
performed by the unit are:
1. Opens crosspoints in break/make rows yielding the first
intermediate setup.
2. Closes crosspoints in make/break rows yielding the second intermediate setup.
3. Opens crosspoints in make/break rows yielding the third
intermediate setup.
4. Closes crosspoints in break/make rows and opens/closes
crosspoints in don’t care rows yielding the desired setup.
Figure 4-15 shows an example setup change with the necessary intermediate setups. As the timing diagram sho ws, three
additional relay settling time intervals are needed for the intermediate setups.
State: Intermediate
123 123 123 123 123
Make/Break
Break/Make
Don' t Ca r e
AA
B
C
Setup A
B
C
Intermediate
A
BB
C
4.8.3 External trigger input
T o use external triggering, first select the source as described
in paragraph 4.8.1. With triggers enabled, the unit will then
be triggered when an input pulse (with the specifications previously shown in Figure 4-8) is applied to the EXT TRIG INPUT jack. The unit is triggered on either the falling (leading)
or rising (trailing) edge of the pulse, as selected by the A —
external trigger command (paragraph 5.9.2).
4.8.4 Matrix ready output
The matrix ready output provides a TTL-compatible signal,
as shown in Figure 4-9. This signal can be used to inform
other instruments when the total settling time is complete. It
is programmable for high or low true by the B — matrix
ready command (paragraph 5.9.3). The leading edge of the
true level indicates the end of the total settling time (relay
settling time plus programmed settling time).
Setup B
Intermediate
Setup C
AA
CC
Setup N+1Setup N
Commands
NA2, B2, C2
CA3, B3, C3
B
Actions:
Setup Da t a
Shift
Ready
Matrix
Ready
Open Break/Make Close Make/Break Open Make/Break Close Break/Make
Setup Da t a
Shift
Relay
Relay Relay
Settling Time Settling Time Settling Time
TRIG OVERRUN
Additional Tr igger not Pr oc es sed
Figure 4-15
Timing with both make/break and break/make rows
Setup Da t a
Shift
Open Don't Care
Close D on't Care
Setup Da t a
Shift
Relay Programmed
Settling TimeSettling Time
NOT SETTLED Message
Additional Tr igger is Pr oc es sed
4-14
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Operation
4.8.5 IEEE-488 bus triggering
To trigger a setup change with an IEEE-488 trigger source,
send the appropriate IEEE-488 command over the bus: X,
talk, or GET depending on the selected source. Trigger on
GET allows the fastest IEEE-488 triggering response. See
Section 5 for details on bus triggering.
4.9 Reset
The reset operation performs the same functions as cycling
power except power -up self-checking. If a master/sla ve error
is detected during reset, the unit will revert to standalone operation. The front panel RESET key is used to initiate a reset
operation.
Reset, power-up, and factory default conditions are listed in
Table 4-2.
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4-15
5
IEEE-488 Programming
5.1 Introduction
This section contains information on programming the Model 708A over the IEEE-488 bus. Detailed instructions for all
programmable functions are included. However , information
concerning operating modes presented elsewhere are not repeated.
5.2 IEEE-488 quick start
The following paragraphs provide a step-by-step procedure
for putting a Model 708A on the bus to program some basic
commands.
Step 1: Connect the Model 708A to the controller
With power of f, connect the Model 708A to the IEEE-488 interface of the controller using a standard interface cable.
Some controllers include an integral cable; others require a
separate cable. Paragraph 5.3 discusses bus connections in
detail.
Step 2: Select the primary address
The primary address is a way for the controller to refer to
each device on the bus individually. Consequently, the primary address of your Model 708A must be the same as the
primary address specified in the controller's programming
language, or you cannot program the instrument. Each device on the bus must have a different primary address.
The primary address of your Model 708A is set to 18 at the
factory, but you can set the address to values between 0 and
30 for a stand-alone unit, or 31 and 60 for a master in a master/slave loop (refer to paragraph 5.5).
Step 3: Write your program
All operations require a simple program to send commands
to the instrument. Figure 5-1 shows a flowchart of a program
to select make/break and break/make rows, modify crosspoints of a setup stored in memory, send the setup to the relays, and then request data of the present relay setup.
The corresponding program (written in MS QBASIC supplied with MS-DOS 5.0 and later) is contained in three parts
for this example. The program assumes a primary IEEE-488
address of 18 for the Model 708A and that power-up default
conditions exist in the unit.
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5-1
IEEE-488 Programming
Sample Program Comments
DIM A$[200],C$[200] ' Dimension crosspoint input and display.
PRINT #1, "REMOTE 18" ' Tell Model 708A (at IEEE-488 location 18) to
' listen over bus.
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;V11000000W00000011X" ' Select rows A and B for make/break and rows
' G and H for break/make.
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;E1Z1,0X" ' Set edit pointer to setup #1, and send setup #1
COMMAND: ' to relays and display.
LINE INPUT "CROSSPOINTS COMMAND", C$ ' Allow user to input crosspoint data.
IF LEN (C$)=0 THEN STOP ' Check for null string.
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;C$+"X" ' Send command string to Model 708A.
GOTO COMMAND ' Allow user to input additional crosspoint data.
END
Step 4: Open and close crosspoints
Start
Y ou can open, close, and clear crosspoints by sending the appropriate command, which is made up of an ASCII letter representing the command, followed by one or more characters
Place Unit in Remote
for the command options. Commands can be grouped together in one string. The command strings are not opening
and closing relays unless the edit pointer is set to zero.
Selec t Ma ke/Break
and Break/Make Rows
Open and Close
Crosspoints of Setup
Get Setup and Dis play
Trig g er Setup to
Relays
End
Figure 5-1
Flowchart of example program
To open and close crosspoints over the bus, run the previous
program and enter a command string when prompted. Some
example strings are shown in Table 5-1.
Terminate each string by pressing RETURN on the controller keyboard. If a null string is entered, the program ends.
Table 5-1
Sample strings
Sample string Description
"P1"
Clear (open) all crosspoints of
setup #1.
"CA5,A6,B9,B10"
Set (close) crosspoints A5, A6,
B9, B10.
"NA5,A6"
"CA1,A2NB9,B10"
Clear (open) crosspoints A5, A6.
Set (close) A1, A2 and clear
(open) B9, B10.
5-2
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A
IEEE-488 Programming
Step 5: Modify program for requesting data
To display or print setup data, you must specify one of the
data output formats that sends ASCII characters. Note that a
variety of data formats are available, as discussed in paragraph 5.9. The data can be a setup stored in memory or the
present relay setup. Modify the previous sample program
with the following statements. Add the statements immediately before the GOTO line.
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;
U2,1G2X"
PRINT #1, "ENTER 18"
LINE INPUT #2, A$
PRINT A$
When the program is run with these statements, it lists the
closed crosspoints that you have entered.
' Set data format for setup #1.
' Get stored setup data
' and print.
Step 6: Modify program for triggering
Triggers provide a quick way for copying relay data from a
pre-programmed setup to the relays. Each valid trigger causes the next sequential setup to be copied to the relays and the
relay pointer to be updated.
Modify the previous sample program with the following
statements. Add the statements immediately before the END
line.
5-2. Two screws are located on each connector to ensure that
connections remain secure. Present standards call for metric
threads, as identified by dark colored screws. (Earlier versions had silver colored screws. Do not use these connectors
with the Model 708A.)
Figure 5-2
IEEE-488 connector
A typical connecting scheme is shown in Figure 5-3. Each
cable normally has a standard connector on each end. These
connectors are designed to be stacked to allow a number of
parallel connections on one instrument. To avoid possible
damage, do not stack more than three connectors on any one
instrument.
PRINT "PRESS ANY KEY TO
CONTINUE"
DO
LOOP WHILE INKEY$=" "
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT
18;F1T2X"
PRINT #1,"TRIGGER 18"
When any key on the keyboard is pressed, this program modification triggers setup #1 to the relays. This is because the
relay step pointer, which is different from the edit pointer,
was set to zero by power-up.
' Wait for keypress.
' Enable triggers, select
' trigger-on GET.
' Trigger setup #1 to
' relays.
5.3 Bus cable connections
The following paragraphs provide information needed to
connect instrumentation to the IEEE-488 bus. The Model
708A is connected to the IEEE-488 bus through a cable
equipped with standard IEEE-488 connectors. See Figure
Figure 5-3
IEEE-488 connections
5-3
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IEEE-488 Programming
NOTE
To minimize interference caused by electromagnetic radiation, use only shielded
IEEE-488 cables. The Model 7007-1 and
7007-2 shielded IEEE-488 cables are
available from Keithley Instruments.
Connect the cable to the Model 708A as follows:
1. Line up the connector on the cable with the connector on
the rear panel of the instrument. Figure 5-4 shows the
IEEE-488 connector location.
WARNING:
!
NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICEABLE PARTS.
SERVICE BY QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL ONLY
INSTRUMENT INTERNALLY FUSED.
LINE RATING
90-250V
50-60 HZ
110 VA MAX
3
3
5
5
2
2
4
4
4
4
6
6
5
5
1
1
3
3
7
7
6
6
0
0
2
2
9
9
7
7
8
8
1
1
8
8
IEEE-488 INTERFACE
IEEE-488
ADDRESS
Figure 5-4
IEEE-488 connector location
2. Tighten screws securely, but do not overtighten them.
(Overtightening can break the connector.)
3. Add additional connectors from other instruments, as
required.
4. Make sure the other end of the cable is properly connected to the controller. Some controllers ha v e an IEEE-488
type connector, while others do not. Consult the instruction manual of your controller for the proper connecting
method.
Table 5-2
Contact assignments
Contact
Number
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
*Number in parentheses refers to the signal ground
return of reference contact number. EOI and REN signal lines return on contact 24.
CONTACT 12 CONTACT 1
designation IEEE-488 type
1
DIO1
2
DIO2
3
DIO3
4
DIO4
5
EOI (24)*
6
DA V
7
NRFD
8
NDAC
9
IFC
SRQ
ATN
SHIELD
DIO5
DIO6
DIO7
DIO8
REN (24)*
Gnd, (6)*
Gnd, (7)*
Gnd, (8)*
Gnd, (9)*
Gnd, (10)*
Gnd, (11)*
Gnd, LOGIC
Data
Data
Data
Data
Management
Handshake
Handshake
Handshake
Management
Management
Management
Ground
Data
Data
Data
Data
Management
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
5-4
NOTE
The IEEE-488 bus is limited to a maximum of 15 devices, including the controller. Also, the maximum cable length is
limited to 20 meters, or 2 meters multiplied by the number of devices, whichever
is less. Failure to observe these limits may
result in erratic bus operation.
In master/slave configurations, only the
master unit is connected to the IEEE-488
bus. If slave units are also connected,
erratic bus operation results. Custom
cables may be constructed by using the
contact assignments listed in T able 5-2 and
shown in Figure 5-5.
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CONTACT 13CONTACT 24
Figure 5-5
Contact assignments
IEEE-488 Programming
5.4 Interface function codes
The interface function codes, which are part of the IEEE488 standards, define an instrument's ability to support
various interface functions. They should not be confused
with programming commands found elsewhere in this
manual. Interface function codes for the Model 708A are
listed in Table 5-3. The codes define Model 708A
capabilities as follows:
SH1 (Source Handshake) — SH1 defines the ability of the
Model 708A to properly handshake data or command bytes
when the unit is a source.
AH1 (Acceptor Handshake) — AH1 defines the ability of
the Model 708A to properly handshake the bus when it is an
acceptor of data or commands.
T6 (Talker) — The ability of the Model 708A to send data
over the bus to other devices is defined by the T6 function.
Model 708A talker capabilities exist only after the instrument has been addressed to talk. T6 means that the Model
708A is a basic talker, has serial poll capabilities, and is
unaddressed to talk when it receives its own listen address.
TE0 (Extended Talker) — The Model 708A does not have
extended talker capabilities.
L4 (Listener) — The L4 function defines the ability of the
Model 708A to receive device-dependent data over the bus.
Listener capabilities exist only after the instrument has been
addressed to listen. L4 means that the Model 708A is a basic
listener and is unaddressed to listen when it receives its own
talk address.
Table 5-3
Model 708A interface function codes
Code Interface function
SH1
AH1
T6
TE0
L4
LE0
SR1
RL1
PP0
DC1
DT1
C0
E1
1
MLA – My Listen Address.
2
MTA – My Talk Address
Source Handshake capability.
Acceptor Handshake capability.
Talker (basic talker, serial poll, unaddressed to
talk on MLA
1
).
No Extended Talker capabilities.
Listener (basic listener, unaddressed to listen on
2
MTA
).
No Extended Listener capabilities.
Service Request capability.
Remote Local capability.
No Parallel Poll capability.
Device Clear capability.
Device Trigger capability.
No Controller capability.
Open-collector bus drivers.
5.5 Primary address programming
The Model 708A must receive a listen command before it
responds to addressed commands. Similarly, the unit must
receive a talk command before it transmits its data. The
Model 708A is shipped from the factory with a primary
address set at 18. The programming examples included in
this manual assume the address is 18.
LE0 (Extended Listener) — The Model 708A does not have
extended listener capabilities.
SR1 (Service Request) — The SR1 function defines the
ability of the Model 708A to request service from the
controller.
RL1 (Remote Local) — The RL1 function defines the capa-
bilities of the Model 708A to be placed in the remote or local
states.
PP0 (Parallel Poll) — PP0 means that the Model 708A does
not have parallel polling capabilities.
DC1 (Device Clear) — The DC1 function defines the ability
of the Model 708A to be cleared (initialized).
DT1 (Device Trigger) — The ability for the Model 708A to
have setups triggered is defined by the DT1 function.
C0 (Controller) — The Model 708A has no controller
capabilities.
E1 (Bus Driver Type) — The Model 708A has open-
collector bus drivers.
The primary address may be set to any value between 0 and
30 (between 30 and 60 for a master unit) as long as address
conflicts with other instruments and the bus controller are
avoided. Actual master unit addresses (for programming)
will be 30 less than the address set on the Model 708A. Note
that controllers are also given a primary address, so be sure
not to use this address. Controller addresses are usually 0 or
21, but consult the controller's instruction manual for details.
Make sure the primary address you choose corresponds with
the value specified as part of the controller's programming
language.
T wo rotary switches on the rear panel of the Model 708A are
used to set the IEEE-488 address. One switch is used to set
each digit of the unit's address. A leading zero is required for
addresses 0 through 9.
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5-5
IEEE-488 Programming
To check the present primary address, look on the rear panel
of the Model 708A. If the value is above 30, the actual IEEE488 address will be 30 less. To change the address to a new
one, perform the following:
1. Power down the unit (stand-alone) or units (master/
slave).
2. Change the position of the rotary switches (Figure 5-6)
to the new address.
NOTE
Each device on the bus must hav e a unique
primary address. Failure to observe this
precaution could result in erratic bus operation. In a master/slave configuration, only
the master Model 708A Switching Systems IEEE-488 address will be used.
4
5
6
7
IEEE-488
ADDRESS
3
4
2
5
1
6
0
9
7
8
IEEE-488 INTERFACE
3
2
1
0
9
8
5.6 QuickBASIC programming
Programming examples are written in Microsoft
QuickBASIC 4.5 using the Keithley KPC-488.2 (or Capital
Equipment Corporation) IEEE interface and the HP-style
Universal Language Driver (CECHP).
Before any programming example can be run, the Universal
Language Driver must be installed. To install the driver, enter
cechp at the DOS prompt.
If you include the CECHP command in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file, the driver will automatically be installed each
time you turn on your computer.
Program fragments are used to demonstrate proper programming syntax. As the name implies, only a fragment of the
whole program is used to avoid redundancy . At the be ginning
of each program, driver files must be opened. The input terminator should be set for CRLF. For example:
OPEN “ieee” FOR OUTPUT AS #1
OPEN “ieee” FOR INPUT AS #2
PRINT #1, “interm crlf”
A partial list of BASIC statements is shown in Table 5-4.
Figure 5-6
IEEE-488 bus connector and rotary selection switches
Table 5-4
BASIC IEEE-488 statements
Action Basic statement
Transmit string to device 18.
Obtain string from device 18.
Read string.
Display string.
Send GTL to device 18.
Send SDC to device 18.
Send DCL to all devices.
Send remote enable.
Cancel remote enable.
Serial poll device 18.
Send local lockout.
Send GET to device 18.
Send IFC.
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18",A$
PRINT #1, "ENTER 18"
LINE INPUT #2, A$
PRINT A$
PRINT #1, "LOCAL 18"
PRINT #1, "CLEAR 18"
PRINT #1, "CLEAR"
PRINT #1, "REMOTE"
PRINT #1, "LOCAL"
PRINT #1, "SPOLL(18)"
PRINT #1, "LOCAL LOCKOUT"
PRINT #1, "TRIGGER 18"
PRINT #1, "ABORT"
5-6
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IEEE-488 Programming
5.7 Indicator and control aspects of IEEE488 operation
The following paragraphs discuss aspects of front panel indicators and controls with respect to IEEE-488 operation,
including the error LED (ERR), IEEE-488 status indicators,
and the LOCAL key.
5.7.1 Error LED
The Model 708A monitors a number of operations associated with IEEE-488 programming. If an error is found, the
Model 708A lights an error LED (ERR). Program the Model
708A to generate an SRQ (paragraph 5.9.12), and then the
U1 error status word (paragraph 5.9.20) can be checked for
specific error conditions.
The following paragraphs describe conditions (associated
with IEEE-488 programming) causing the front panel ERR
LED to illuminate.
Table 5-5
IEEE-488 errors causing ERR LED to illuminate
Type of error Description
Card ID error
IDDC
IDDCO
M/S error
Not in remote
Trigger before settling
time error
RAM fail
ROM fail
Setup error
Trig overrun
Power-up routine cannot identify one or more cards.
Illegal device-dependent command received.
Illegal device-dependent command option received.
Master/slave communication or
timing error.
X received while unit is in
LOCAL state.
Unit triggered before total settling time expired.
Power-up routine or self-test
detected RAM error.
Power-up routine or self-test
detected program ROM checksum error.
Power-up routine detected
checksum errors in one or more
setups. (Affected setups are
cleared.)
Unit triggered before Ready bit
is set.
Card identification error
A card ID error occurs when the instrument's power-up routine detects a checksum error in the information from a card.
When in master/slave configuration, the cards in error are
indicated by all LEDs in their crosspoint display blocks
being lit.
IDDC (illegal device-dependent command) error
An IDDC error occurs when the unit receives an illegal
device-dependent command over the bus. For example, the
command string 1X includes an illegal command because
the “1” is not part of the instrument's programming language.
NOTE
When an IDDC error is detected in a command string, all commands in the string,
up to and including the next X, are
ignored.
To correct the error condition, send only valid commands.
Refer to paragraph 5.9 for device-dependent command programming details. An IDDC error is flagged in the U1 word,
as discussed in paragraph 5.9.20.
IDDCO (illegal device-dependent command option)
error
Sending the instrument a legal command with an illegal
option results in an IDDCO error.
For example, the command K9X has an illegal option (9) that
is not part of the instrument's programming language. Thus,
although the command K is valid, the option is not, and the
IDDCO error results.
NOTE
When an IDDCO error is detected in a
command string, all commands in the
string, up to and including the next X, are
ignored.
To correct this error condition, use only valid command
options, as discussed in paragraph 5.9. An error is flagged in
the U1 word, as discussed in paragraph 5.9.20.
Master/slave error
A master/slave error occurs when a communication or timing error is detected in the closed loop of units. If one or
more errors are detected, the error LED (ERR) is lit.
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5-7
IEEE-488 Programming
T o simulate the error condition, disconnect a DIN cable from
either of the MASTER/SLAVE connectors. The condition is
detected when the Model 708A performs the next operation
that requires communication among the units. A master/
slave error is flagged in the U1 word, as discussed in paragraph 5.9.20.
Not in remote error
A not in remote error occurs if the instrument receives an
“X” while it is in the local state. This is caused by failing to
set the REN line true before addressing the Model 708A to
listen. A not in remote error is flagged in the U1 word, as discussed in paragraph 5.9.20.
Trigger before settling time error
A trigger before settling time error occurs when the instrument receives an additional trigger before the settling time
has expired. This time period is after assertion of the
READY signal and before assertion of the MATRIX
READY signal. See paragraph 4.8 for a complete discussion
of trigger timing. Both READY and MATRIX READY are
bits in the SPOLL byte; MA TRIX READY is also a rear panel signal. Note that a master/slave error is also flagged in the
U1 word, as discussed in paragraph 5.9.20.
A trigger during this time period is processed normally.
RAM or ROM failure
A RAM or ROM failure occurs when the power-up routine
detects an error, either a RAM error or a checksum error in
program ROM. If an error is detected, the error LED (ERR)
is lit (cleared by any keypress).
Setup error
A setup error occurs when the Model 708A power-up routine
detects a checksum error in one or more setups stored in nonvolatile memory . If an error is detected, the error LED (ERR)
is lit and the affected setups are cleared to all open. A keypress will clear this error. Note that a setup error is also
flagged in the U1 word, as discussed in paragraph 5.9.20.
Trigger overrun (hardware) error
A trigger overrun occurs when the instrument is triggered
while it is still processing a setup change from a previous
trigger and before the READY (for trigger) signal is asserted.
READY is a bit in the SPOLL byte. See paragraph 4.8 for a
complete discussion of trigger timing. The exact trigger
stimulus depends on the selected trigger source, as discussed
in paragraphs 4.8.5 and 5.9.19.
Overrun triggers do not affect the instrument except to generate the error. In other words, the present setup change is not
aborted by the overrun trigger stimulus, and the trigger is
ignored. Note that a trigger overrun error is also flagged in
the U1 word, as discussed in paragraph 5.9.20.
5.7.2 Status indicators
The TALK, LSTN, and REM indicators show the present
IEEE-488 status of the instrument. Each of these indicators
is described below.
SYSTEM
12
TALK
LSTN
REM
ERR
COPY
OUT
COPY
DISPLAY
Figure 5-7
IEEE-488 indicators
TALK — This indicator is on when the instrument is in the
talker active state. The unit is placed in this state by addressing it to talk with the correct MTA (My Talk Address) command. TALK is off when the unit is in the talker idle state.
The instrument is placed in the talker idle state by sending it
an UNT (Untalk) command, addressing it to listen, or with
the IFC (Interface Clear) command.
LSTN — This indicator is on when the Model 708A is in the
listener active state, which is activated by addressing the instrument to listen with the correct MLA (My Listen Address)
command. Listen is off when the unit is in the listener idle
state. The unit can be placed in the listener idle state by sending UNL (Unlisten), addressing it to talk, or by sending IFC
(Interface Clear) over the bus.
REM — This indicator shows when the instrument is in the
remote state. Note that REMOTE does not necessarily indicate the state of the REN line, as the instrument must be addressed to listen with REN true before the REMOTE
indicator turns on. When the instrument is in remote, all front
panel keys except for the LOCAL key are locked out. When
REMOTE is turned off, the instrument is in the local state,
and front panel operation is restored.
5-8
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IEEE-488 Programming
5.7.3 LOCAL/DIGITAL I/O key
This key is used to place the Model 708A in local (while the
Model 708A is in remote) or in digital I/O mode (while in
local). While in the digital I/O mode, an I/O will appear on
the LED matrix (Figure 5-8).
LOCAL — With the Model 708A in remote, press this key
to return the Model 708A Switching System to local mode
(REM off). It allows operation of all other front panel controls unless the Model 708A is in LLO (Local Lockout).
DIG I/O — W ith the Model 708A in local, pressing this key
selects the digital I/O display mode (Figure 5-8). Press this
key a second time to return to local mode from digital I/O
display mode.
Figure 5-8
Digital I/O status display mode
IN (input) — Displays the present status of the digital input
on the LED matrix. Logic high is indicated by a lit LED. The
digital input display status is continually updated.
Table 5-7
Digital output display format
Row/column Output # Row/column Output #
A11
B11
C11
D11
E11
F11
G11
H11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A12
B12
C12
D12
E12
F12
G12
H12
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
5.7.4 Concurrent front panel and bus operation
Fundamentally, there is no reason why you cannot control
the instrument simultaneously from the front panel and over
the IEEE-488 bus. However, the following points should be
kept in mind.
1. All front panel keys except for LOCAL are inoperative
while the Model 708A is in remote (REM on). The unit
is placed in remote by addressing it to listen with the
REN line true. Thus, to control the unit from the front
panel, it is necessary to press LOCAL after programming over the bus. Note that LOCAL is also inoperati v e
if the LLO (Local Lockout) command is in effect.
2. Front panel parameter modification should always be
completed before attempting to use bus control. For
example, you should not attempt to program a setup
over the bus while editing a setup from the front panel.
Table 5-6
Digital input display format
Row/column Input # Row/column Input #
A1
B1
C1
D1
E1
F1
G1
H1
OUT (output) — Displays the present status of the digital
output on the LED matrix. The output can be changed by
clicking the light pen on the appropriate LED. Output high is
indicated by a lit LED. Output low is indicated by an extinguished LED. The digital output display status is updated
when the output is changed. Output is negative true when
high LED is on and output is low (sinking).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A2
B2
C2
D2
E2
F2
G2
H2
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
5.8 General bus command programming
5.8.1 Overview
General bus commands are those commands (such as DCL)
that have the same general meaning regardless of the instrument. Commands supported by the Model 708A are listed in
Table 5-8, which also lists BASIC statements necessary to
send each command. Note that commands requiring that a
primary address be specified assume that the Model 708A
primary address is set to 18 (its factory default address).
5.8.2 REN (remote enable)
The remote enable command is sent to the Model 708A by
the controller to set up the instrument for remote operation.
Generally, the instrument should be placed in the remote
state before you attempt to program it over the bus. Setting
REN true does not actually place the instrument in the
remote state. Instead the instrument must be addressed to listen after setting REN true before it goes into remote.
5-9
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IEEE-488 Programming
Table 5-8
General bus commands/BASIC statements
Command Basic statement Effect on Model 708A
REN
IFC
LLO
GTL
DCL
SDC
GET
The instrument need not be in remote to be
a talker. All front panel controls (except
LOCAL and POWER) are inoperative
while the instrument is in remote. You can
restore normal front panel operation by
pressing the LOCAL key.
PRINT #1, "REMOTE"
PRINT #1, "ABORT"
PRINT #1, "LOCAL LOCKOUT"
PRINT #1, "LOCAL 18"
PRINT #1, "CLEAR"
PRINT #1, "CLEAR 18"
PRINT #1, "TRIGGER 18"
NOTE
5.8.3 IFC (interface clear)
The IFC command is sent by the controller to place the
Model 708A in the local, talker, and listener idle states. The
unit responds to the IFC command by canceling front panel
TALK or LSTN lights, if the instrument was previously
placed in one of those states.
Goes into effect when next addressed to listen.
Goes into talker and listener idle states.
LOCAL key locked out.
Cancel remote, restore front panel operation.
Return to default conditions.
Return to default conditions.
Triggers setup with GET source.
4-2). Note that the DCL command is not an addressed command, so all instruments equipped to implement DCL will do
so simultaneously. When the Model 708A receives a DCL
command, it returns to the power-up default conditions. DCL
does not affect the programmed primary address.
5.8.7 SDC (selective device clear)
The SDC command is an addressed command that performs
essentially the same function as the DCL command.
However since each device must be individually addressed,
the SDC command provides a method to clear only selected
instruments instead of clearing all instruments
simultaneously, as is the case with DCL. Any devices on the
bus that are addressed to listen are cleared. When the Model
708A receives the SDC command, it returns to the power -up
default conditions.
5.8.4 LLO (local lockout)
The LLO command is used to prevent local operation of the
instrument. After the unit recei v es LLO, all of its front panel
controls except POWER are inoperative.
5.8.5 GTL (go to local)
The GTL command is used to take the instrument out of the
remote state. Operation of the front panel keys will also be
restored by GTL unless LLO is in effect. To cancel LLO, you
must set REN false.
5.8.6 DCL (device clear)
The DCL command may be used to clear the Model 708A
and return it to its power-up default conditions (see Table
5-10
5.8.8 GET (group execute trigger)
GET may be used to initiate a Model 708A setup change if
the instrument is placed in the appropriate trigger source.
Refer to paragraph 5.9 for more information on triggering.
5.8.9 SPE, SPD (serial polling)
The serial polling sequence is used to obtain the Model 708A
serial poll byte. The serial poll byte contains important information about internal functions, as described in paragraph
5.9.12. Generally, the serial polling sequence is used by the
controller to determine which of several instruments has
requested service with the SRQ line. However, the serial
polling sequence may be performed at any time to obtain the
serial poll byte from the Model 708A.
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Table 5-9
Factory default, power-up, and DCL/SDC conditions
Parameter Factory default Power-up, DCL/SDC Description
IEEE-488 Programming
Relays
Stored Setups
Relay Step
Memory Step
Master/Slave
IEEE-488 Address
External Trigger
Matrix Ready
Digital Output
Edit Pointer
Trigger Enable
Data Format
EOI/Hold-off
SRQ
Digital Output
Programmed Settling Time
Trigger Source
Make/Break Rows
Break/Make Rows
Terminator
Notes:
1. The IEEE-488 address is not affected by the Restore (R0) command.
2. Units previously defined as stand-alone or slave will power up as stand-alone units. They become slave units when a master unit initializes a master/slave loop upon power up.
3. DCL/SDC does not affect master/slave state. DCL/SDC does clear slaves.
All opened
All cleared
000
001
Stand-alone
18 (Note 1)
A0
B0
Db, 0
E0
F0
G0
K0
M0
O00000
S0
T7
V00000000
W00000000
Y0
All opened
Not affected
000
001
(Notes 2, 3)
Not affected
A0
B0
Db, 0
E0
F0
G0
K0
M0
O00000
S0
T7
Not affected
Not affected
Y0
—
—
Point to relays
Point to setup 1
—
—
Falling edge triggers
Negative true
Output lines low
Point to relays
Triggers disabled
Full output, all data sent in one talk
Both enabled
Disabled
Output lines low
0ms
External trigger
None selected
None selected
<CR><LF>
5.9 Device-dependent command (DDC)
programming
5.9.1 Overview
IEEE-488 device-dependent commands control most instrument operating modes. All front panel modes (such as trigger
source and settling time), as well as some modes not available from the front panel (like SRQ and terminator) can be
programmed with these commands.
Command syntax
Each command is made up of a single ASCII capital letter
followed by one or more numbers or letters representing an
option(s) of that command. For example, the trigger source
can be set over the bus by sending the letter “T” follo wed by
a number representing the trigger option. T1X would be sent
to trigger on talk. The IEEE-488 bus treats these commands
as data; they are sent with the ATN line false.
Some commands permit more than one option; these must be
separated with commas. For example, the close crosspoints
commands have the general format:
Crc(,rc)...(,rc)
Here the “rc” options are row and column addresses, while the
commas indicate the necessary delimiters. The parentheses
indicate that the option and associated delimiter are optional.
NOTE
Do not include parentheses in actual command strings.
Multiple commands
A number of commands can be grouped together in one command string, which is generally terminated by the “X” character. This character tells the instrument to execute the
command or command string as described in paragraph
5.9.23. Commands sent without the X character are not exe-
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5-11
IEEE-488 Programming
cuted at that particular time, but they are stored within an
internal command buffer for later execution when the X
character is finally received.
If a particular command occurs “n” times in a command
string, then the “nth” occurrence is the only one used (i.e.,
T0T2T4X appears to the Model 708A as T4X).
Invalid commands
If an invalid command is sent as part of the command string,
no commands in the string are executed. Under these conditions, the instrument displays a front panel error message
(IDDC or IDDCO), as described in paragraph 5.7, and it can
be programmed to generate an SRQ (Service Request), as
discussed in paragraph 5.9.12. Checking is done as syntactical groups of characters are received.
Valid command strings (typical samples)
A0X Single command string.
A0T6X Multiple command string.
P 0X Space is ignored
Z15,0X Multiple-option command string (options sepa-
rated by commas).
Invalid command strings (typical samples)
1X Invalid command as 1 is not a valid command.
K7X Invalid command option as 7 is not a valid
option of the K command.
CA400X Invalid option (maximum column address is
60).
Z0100X Multiple-option command without the neces-
sary separating commas.
Order of command execution
Device-dependent commands are not necessarily executed in
the order received. Rather, each instrument always executes
them in a specific order. The order of execution for the Model
708A is summarized in Table 5-10. Note that the X command is listed first since it is the character that forces the execution of the rest of the commands.
If you wish to force a particular order of execution, include
the execute (X) character after each command option grouping in the command string. For example, the following string
would be executed in the received order: T6XA1XR0X
Table 5-10
Order of command execution
Order Command Description
1
2
3
X
R
L
Execute DDCs.
Restore factory default conditions.
Download setups from controller to
Model 708A.
4
5
6
7
E
I
Q
P
Set the edit pointer.
Insert a blank setup in memory.
Delete a setup from memory.
Clear all crosspoints at specified
setup.
8
Z
Copy a setup from memory or relays
to memory or relays.
Select rows for make/break.
Select rows for break/make.
Open crosspoints of setup indicated
10
11
9
V
W
N
by edit pointer.
12
C
Close crosspoints of setup indicated
by edit pointer.
13
A
Select trigger edge of External Trigger pulse.
14
B
Select logic sense of Matrix Ready
signal.
15
16
17
F
G
J
Enable/disable triggers.
Select data output format.
Execute ROM/RAM/display self-
test.
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
K
M
O
S
T
U
Y
Select EOI and hold-off on X.
Set the SRQ mask.
Set the digital output.
Program the settling time.
Select the trigger source.
Request status.
Select terminator characters.
Device-dependent command summary
All Model 708A device-dependent commands are summarized in Table 5-11, which also lists respective paragraphs
where more detailed information on each command may be
found.
5-12
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IEEE-488 Programming
Table 5-11
DDC summary
Mode Command Description Para.
External Trigger
Matrix Ready
Close Crosspoint
Digital Output
Edit Pointer
Enable/Disable Triggers
Data Format
Insert Blank Setup
Self-test
EOI and Hold-off
Download Setups
SRQ
Open Crosspoint
Digital Output
Clear Crosspoints
Delete Setup
Restore Defaults
Programmed Settling Time
Trigger
A0
A1
B0
B1
Crc(,rc)...(,rc)
Db, s
E0
En
F0
F1
G0
G1
G2 or G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
In
J0
K0
K1
K2
K3
K4
K5
Lbbb..X
M0
M1
M2
M8
M16
M32
M128
Nrc(,rc)...(,rc)
Ovvvvv
P0
Pn
Qn
R0
Sn
T0 or T1
T2 or T3
T4 or T5
T6 or T7
Falling edge triggers Model 708A
Rising edge triggers Model 708A
Negative true Matrix Ready output
Positive true Matrix Ready output
Close crosspoints of setup indicated by edit pointer
(rows A-H, columns 1-60)
Set states of digital output lines (b = 1 to 16, s = 0 to 1)
Point to present relay setup
Point to stored relay setup (1-100)
Disable triggers
Enable triggers
Full output, all data in one talk
Full output, one switching system row per talk
Inspect output, all data in one talk
Condensed output, all data in one talk
Condensed output, one switching system per talk
Binary output, all data in one talk
Binary output, one switching system per talk
Insert blank setup in memory (1-100)
Perform self-test
Send EOI, hold-off on X until Ready
No EOI, hold-off on X until Ready
Send EOI, do not hold-off on X
No EOI, do not hold-off on X
Send EOI, hold-off on X until Matrix Ready
No EOI, hold-off on X until Matrix Ready
Download setups from controller to Model 708A
SRQ disabled
Not used
Not used
Matrix Ready
Ready for trigger
Error
Not used
Open crosspoints of setup indicated by edit pointer
(rows A-H, columns 1-60)
Set states of digital output lines (v = 00000-65535)
Open all crosspoint relays
Clear all crosspoints of stored setup (1-100)
Delete setup from memory (1-100)
Restore factory defaults
Program settling time in milliseconds (0-65000)
Trigger on talk
Trigger on GET
Trigger on X
Trigger on External Trigger pulse
5.9.2
5.9.3
5.9.4
5.9.5
5.9.6
5.9.7
5.9.8
5.9.9
5.9.10
5.9.11
5.9.12
5.9.13
5.9.14
5.9.15
5.9.16
5.9.17
5.9.18
5.9.19
5.9.20
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5-13
IEEE-488 Programming
Table 5-11 (cont.)
DDC summary
Mode Command Description Para.
Status
Make/Break
Break/Make
Execute
Terminator
Copy Setup
U0
U1
U2,s
U3
U4
U5,u
U6
U7
Vabcdefgh
Wabcdefgh
X
Y0
Y1
Y2
Y3
Z0,n
Zn,0
Zm,n
Send machine status word
Send error status word
Output setup “s” (0-100) with present G format
Send RELAY STEP pointer
Send number of slaves
Send model number of each card in unit “u” (0-4)
Send relay settling time
Send digital input of unit (0-65535)
Select rows for make/break operation (abcdefgh = 00000000
to 11111111)
Select rows for break/make operation (abcdefgh = 00000000
to 11111111)
Execute commands
<CR><LF>
<LF><CR>
<CR>
<LF>
Copy present relay setup to memory location “n” (1-100)
Copy setup from memory location “n” (1-100) to relays
Copy setup from location “m” (0-100) to location “n” (0-100)
5.9.21
5.9.22
5.9.23
5.9.24
5.9.25
5.9.26
5-14
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IEEE-488 Programming
5.9.2 A — External trigger
Purpose To select which edge of an external trigger pulse initiates a trigger.
Format An
Parameters n=0 Falling edge triggers Model 708A
n =1 Rising edge triggers Model 708A
Default Upon power-up or after receiving a DCL, SDC, or R0X command, the instrument def aults to A0
(falling edge).
Description The An command lets you program the Model 708A for triggering on a TTL-compatible falling
or rising edge signal at the External Trigger input jack. A trigger signal increments the RELAY
STEP pointer and copies the setup indicated by the new value from memory to the relays.
Figure 5-9 shows example trigger pulses. Trigger on external must be the selected source
(T command), and triggers must be enabled (F command).
Programming note For information on the hardware this command is used with, refer to paragraph 4.6.2.
Example PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;A1X" ' Select rising edge pulse to trigger
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;A0X" ' Select falling edge to trigger
Figure 5-9
External trigger pulse
TTL High
(3.4V Typical )
TTL Low
( 0. 25V Typica l )
TTL High
(3.4V Typical )
TTL Low
( 0. 25V Typica l )
Falling
Edge
600nsec
Minimum
A. FALLING EDGE OF PULSE
Rising
Edge
600nsec
Minimum
B. RISING EDGE OF PULSE
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5-15
IEEE-488 Programming
5.9.3 B — Matrix ready
Purpose To select the logic sense of the rear panel Matrix Ready signal.
Format Bn
Parameters n=0 Negative true Matrix Ready output
n=1 Positive true Matrix Ready output
Default Upon power-up or after receiving a DCL, SDC, or R0X command, the instrument def aults to B0
(negative true).
Description The B command lets you program the TTL-compatible Matrix Ready output as a high- or low-
true signal. This signal goes false when the relays are switched; it goes true after completion of
the (hardware) relay settling time and (user) programmed settling time. Figure 5-10 shows
example Matrix Ready signals.
Programming notes 1. The Matrix Ready signal is negated by anything that causes a change to a relay state even if
no relays actually change state (e.g., closing an already closed relay).
2. Changing the logic sense of the Matrix Ready signal does not change the logic sense of the
Matrix Ready bit in the serial poll byte.
Example PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;B1X" ' Select positive true Matrix Ready
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;B0X" ' Select negative true Matrix Ready
TTL High
( 3. 4V Typica l )
TTL Low
Figure 5-10
Matrix ready pulse
( 0. 25V Typica l )
TTL High
(3.4V Typical )
TTL Low
( 0. 25V Typica l )
Relay Settling Time +
Progra mmed Settling Ti me
A. MATRIX READY HIGH TRUE
Relay Settling Time +
Progra mmed Settling Ti me
B. MATRIX READY LOW TRUE
5-16
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IEEE-488 Programming
5.9.4 C — Close crosspoint
Purpose To close crosspoints in a setup.
Format Crc(,rc)...(,rc)
Parameters r = A to H Row designation of crosspoint
c = 1 to 60 Column designation of crosspoint (60 with maximum of five Model 708A units)
Description The C command closes crosspoints in the setup indicated by the edit pointer. If the edit pointer
indicates the present relay setup (zero), the specified crosspoint relays are closed immediately.
If the edit pointer indicates a setup stored in memory (1-100), the specified crosspoints are set.
Programming notes 1. Do not include parentheses in command strings. They indicate that the option and associated
comma delimiter are optional.
2. Up to 25 crosspoints per mainframe can be specified in one close command (with a master
and four slaves, the limit is 125 crosspoints). In the same command string, up to 25 crosspoints per mainframe can be opened. If either limit is exceeded, an IDDCO results.
3. The maximum value of the column parameter depends on the configuration (12 for standalone, 60 for master with four slave units). An IDDCO results if the maximum value is
exceeded.
4. This command is equivalent to multiple light pen operation(s).
Example PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;CA55X" ' Close one crosspoint
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;CA55,A56,B49,B50X" ' Close multiple crosspoints
5.9.5 D — Digital output
Purpose To set the states of the digital output lines.
Format Db,s
Parameters b = 1 to 16 Output bit position
s = 0 to 1 0 = off, 1 = on
Default Upon power-up or after receiving a DCL, SDC, or R0X command, the instrument defaults to
D0,0 (all digital outputs set to logic low).
Description This command sets individual output lines of the digital I/O port, where “1” is logic high and
“0” is logic low.
Programming notes 1. In a master/slave configuration, only the output of the master unit is updated.
2. Output is negative true logic. Setting a bit high will make an output go low (sink).
3. The O command can also be used to set the states of digital output lines.
Example PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;D3,1X" ‘Turn on digital output 3
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5-17
IEEE-488 Programming
5.9.6 E — Edit pointer
Purpose To set the edit pointer
Format En
Parameters n=0 Present relay setup
n=1 to 100 Stored relay setup
Default Upon power-up or after receiving a DCL, SDC, or R0X command, the instrument def aults to E0
(present relay setup).
Description With the edit pointer, you can select which setup is affected by subsequent close (C) and open
(N) commands. This can be the present relay setup (zero) or one of the stored setups (1-100).
Programming notes 1. The edit pointer value is independent of the Relay Step and Memory Step values.
2. When using the edit pointer, it is not necessary to use the COPY key, because you are closing/
opening crosspoint relays or setting/clearing stored crosspoints directly and not just turning
on/off crosspoint LEDs.
Example PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;E0X" ' Point to relays
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;E50X" ' Point to stored relay setup 50
5.9.7 F — Enable/disable triggers
Purpose To enable/disable triggers.
Format Fn
Parameters n=0 Disable triggers
n=1 Enable triggers
Default Upon power-up or after receiving a DCL, SDC, or R0X command, the instrument def aults to F0
(triggers disabled).
Description With the F command, you control whether the Model 708A responds to a trigger (from the exter -
nal trigger connection or over the IEEE-488 bus). A trigger increments the Relay Step pointer
and copies the setup indicated by the new value from memory to the relays.
Programming notes It is good programming practice to disable triggers before changing the trigger source.
Example PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;F0X" ' Enable triggers
•
•
•
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;F1X" ' Disable triggers
5-18
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5.9.8 G — Data format
Purpose T o select the output format of the data sent from the present relay setup or a setup stored in mem-
Format Gn
Parameters n=0 Full output format, all data sent in one talk
Default Upon power-up or after receiving a DCL, SDC, or R0X command, the instrument def aults to G0
Description Overview
IEEE-488 Programming
ory.
n=1 Full output format, one row of one switching system per talk
n=2 or 3 Inspect output format, all data sent in one talk
n=4 Condensed output format, all data sent in one talk
n=5 Condensed output format, one switching system per talk
n=6 Binary output format, all data sent in one talk
n=7 Binary output format, one switching system per talk
(full output format, all data sent in one talk).
The G command specifies the format of crosspoint data sent by the Model 708A over the IEEE488 bus in response to the U2 command. Data concerning the setup is sent by a “U2,n” command (either the present relay setup or a stored setup). You can control the data format and quantity sent. The full, condensed, and binary formats list the open or closed states of every
crosspoint in the setup; the inspect format shows only closed crosspoints.
G0, G1 = Full output format
With the G0/G1 full output formats, the open or closed states of all crosspoints in a setup are
sent in printable ASCII. An ASCII “-” represents an open crosspoint, and an ASCII “X” represents a closed crosspoint. For G0, all data is sent in one talk; for G1, the data from one row of
one switching system is sent per talk. An example of these formats is shown in Figure 5-11 for
the example setup of Table 5-12.
G2, G3 = Inspect output format
With the G2/G3 inspect output formats, the row/column address of each closed crosspoint in a
setup is sent in printable ASCII. An ASCII letter (A-H) represents a row, and an ASCII string of
up to two numbers (0-60) represents a column. Successive crosspoints are separated with a comma. All data is sent in one talk. Figure 5-12 sho ws the formats of the example setup in Table 5-12.
G4, G5 = Condensed output format
The G4/G5 condensed output formats specify the states of all crosspoints with eight bits representing the eight crosspoints of a column. A set bit indicates a closed crosspoint. The hexadecimal representation of the binary value formed by these eight bits is sent as two printable ASCII
characters. For G4, all data is sent in one talk; for G5, the data from one switching system is sent
per talk. An example of these formats is shown in Figure 5-13 for the example setup of Table
5-12.
G6, G7 = Binary output format
The G6/G7 binary output formats specify the states of all crosspoints with an 8-bit group of bits
representing the eight crosspoints of a column. A set bit indicates a closed crosspoint. For G6,
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5-19
IEEE-488 Programming
all data is sent in one talk; for G7, the data from one switching system is sent per talk. These
formats are shown in Figure 5-14 for the example setup of Table 5-12.
Table 5-12
Master/slave setup example
Unit Closed crosspoints
Master
Slave 1
Slave 2
Slave 3
Slave 4
A1, A2, B3, B5, C7, C8, D9, D10, F11, F12
A13, A14, C15, C16, E17, E18
A25, A26, H27, H30, A36
A37, H38, H43, G48
G49, A50, A51, H55, H56, E57, E60
Obtaining data
Generally, data is placed into a string or numeric v ariable. For e xample, a typical input sequence
in BASIC is:
PRINT #1, "ENTER 18"
LINE INPUT #2, CROSSPOINT$
In this example, the complete crosspoint string is placed in the CROSSPOINT$ variable.
5-20
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IEEE-488 Programming
Programming notes 1. Table 5-13 lists the number of bytes that are transmitted for the various data formats.
2. Since the data is transmitted in continuous strings (without carriage returns or line feeds), you
must format the data for display or printing legibility.
Table 5-13
Byte counts for data format
Stand-alone Master with four slaves
Bytes per
Format
G0
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
Notes:
1. In addition, each unit is identified with a 9-byte ASCII string.
2. This value depends on the number of closed crosspoints.
3. Maximum of five talks, depending on number of slaves in the system.
SETUP 003 SLAVE 001 SLAVE 002 SLAVE 003 SLAVE 004
A XX – – – – – – – – – – A XX – – – – – – – – – – A – XX – – – – – – – – – A XX – – – – – – – – – – A – – XX – – – – – – – –
B – – X – X – – – – – – – B – – – – – – – – – – – – B – – – – – – – – – – – – B – – – – – – – – – – – – B – – – – – – – – – – – –
C – – – – – – XX – – – – C – – XX – – – – – – – – C – – – – – – – – – – – – C – – – – – – – – – – – – C – – – – – – – – – – – –
D – – – – – – – – XX – – D – – – – – – – – – – – – D – – – – – – – – – – – – D – – – – – – – – – – – – D – – – – – – – – – – – –
E – – – – – – – – – – – – E – – – – – XX – – – – – E – – – – – – – – – – – – E – – – – – – – – – – – – E – – – – – – – – – – – –
F – – – – – – – – – – XX F – – – – – – – – – – – – F – – – – – – – – – – – – F – – – – – – – – – – – – F – – – – – – – – – – – –
G – – – – – – – – – – – – G – – – – – – – – – – – – G – – – – – – – – – – – – G – – – – – – – – – – – – G XX – – – – – – – – – –
H – – – – – – – – – – – – H – – – – – – – – – – – – H – – – X – – X – – – – – H – – X – – – – X – – – – H – – – – – – XXX – – –
Notes:
1. Carriage returns and line feeds are not sent. They are shown here to improve readability.
2. Spacing between columns is one ASCII space.
talk
121
14 (Note 1)
(Note 2)
(Note 2)
32
32
16
16
Talks per
setup
1
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
Total
bytes
121
121
(Note 2)
(Note 2)
32
32
16
16
Bytes per
talk
605
14 (Note 1)
(Note 2)
(Note 2)
160
32
80
16
Talks per
setup
1
45
1
1
1
5 (Note 3)
1
5 (Note 3)
Total
bytes
605
605
(Note 2)
(Note 2)
160
160
80
80
Figure 5-11
G0 and G1 full output formats
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5-21
IEEE-488 Programming
A001,A002,B003,B005,C007,C008,D009,D010,F011,F012,A013,A014,C015,C016,E017,E018,A025,
A026,H027,H030,A036,A037,H038,H043,G048,G049,A050,A051,H055,H056,E057,E060
Note: Carriage returns and line feeds are not sent. They are shown here to improve readability.
Figure 5-12
G2 and G3 inspect output formats
MASTER 0003 00 SETUP NUMBER (2 BYTES), UNIT NUMBER (1
BYTE)
010102000200040408082020 CARD COLUMN 1–12
XX CHECKSUM
SLAVE 1 0003 01
010104041010000000000000
XX
SLAVE 2 0003 02
000101800000800000000000
XX
SLAVE 3 0003 03
010080000000008000000000
XX
SLAVE 4 0003 04
404001010000808080000000
XX
Notes:
1. Data is shown as the hexadecimal representation of 8-bit binary numbers (Figure 5-15).
2. Carriage returns, line feeds, spaces, and blank lines are not sent. They are shown here to improve readability.
3. “XX” represents a 1-byte checksum value (hexadecimal) in printable ASCII.
4. The rows that correspond to the G4/G5 data are:
G4/G5 Data Corresponding row
00 None
01 A
02 B
04 C
08 D
10 E
20 F
40 G
80 H
Figure 5-13
G4 and G5 condensed output formats
5-22
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SETUP NUMBER 2 BYTES
UNIT
NUMBER
1 BYTE
IEEE-488 Programming
ROW H ROW A
MASTER 00000000
00000001
00000100
XXXXXXXX
SLAVE 1 00000000
00000001
00010000
XXXXXXXX
SLAVE 2 00000000
00000000
10000000
XXXXXXXX
SLAVE 3 00000000
00000001
00000000
XXXXXXXX
SLAVE 4 00000000
01000000
10000000
XXXXXXXX
Notes:
1. Row A corresponds to the least significant bit of each 8-bit groups; Row H corresponds to the most significant bit.
2. Data is shown as the binary representation of 8-bit binary numbers. The binary value sent may not correspond to a printable ASCII character.
3. Carriage returns, line feeds, spaces, and blank lines are not sent. They are shown here to improve readability.
4. Represents an 8-bit checksum value in binary.
00000011
00000001
00000100
00000011
00000001
00000000
00000011
00000001
00000000
00000011
00000001
10000000
00000011
01000000
10000000
00000000
00000010
00001000
00000001
00000100
00000000
00000002
00000001
00000000
00000003
10000000
00000000
00000004
00000001
10000000
00000000
00001000
00000100
00000000
10000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000001
00000000
00000010
00100000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00100000
00010000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
COLUMNS 1-6
COLUMNS 7-12
CHECKSUM (1 BYTE)
Figure 5-14
G6 and G7 binary output formats
5-23
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IEEE-488 Programming
5.9.9 I — Insert blank setup
Purpose To insert a blank setup in memory.
Format In
Parameters n=1 to 100 Stored relay setup
Description During execution of this command, setups “n” through 99 are shifted up to the next highest lo-
cation in memory (99 to 100, 98 to 99... n to n+1). Then, all crosspoints of setup “n” are cleared.
The front panel display is blanked during an insert operation.
Example PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;I50" ' Insert blank setup at location 50
5.9.10 J — Self-test
Purpose To test ROM and RAM.
Format Jn
Parameters n=0 Perform self-test
Description The self-test command starts execution of the ROM and RAM. If an error is detected, the error
LED (ERR) lights. Also, the self-test failed bit is set in the U1 error status word (paragraph
5.9.20). Any front panel keypress or bus command extinguishes the error LED.
Programming notes 1. The value “n”, if sent, must be zero.
2. Allow approximately four seconds for the instrument to complete the self-test.
3. The instrument holds off bus operation with the NRFD line during self-test operation. Thus,
no commands can be sent during the self-test if hold-off on X is enabled.
Example PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;J0X" ' Perform self-test
5.9.11 K — EOI and hold-off
Purpose To enable/disable EOI and bus hold-off on X.
Format Kn
Parameters n = 0 Send EOI with last byte, hold-off on X until Ready
n = 1 No EOI, hold-off on X until Ready
n = 2 Send EOI with last byte, do not hold-off on X
n = 3 No EOI, do not hold-off on X
n = 4 Send EOI with last byte, hold-off on X until Matrix Ready
n = 5 No EOI, hold-off on X until Matrix Ready
5-24
Default Upon power-up or after receiving a DCL, SDC, or R0X command, the instrument def aults to K0
(send EOI with last byte, hold-off on X until Ready).
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IEEE-488 Programming
Description The EOI line provides one method to positively identify the last byte in the data string sent by
the instrument. When enabled, EOI is asserted with the last byte the instrument sends over the
bus.
Bus hold-off allows the instrument to temporarily hold up b us operation via the NRFD line when
it receives the X character until all commands are processed. The advantage of using bus holdoff is that no commands are missed while the instrument is processing previously recei ved commands. Typical hold-off times are discussed in paragraph 5.11.
Programming notes 1. Some controllers rely on EOI to terminate their input sequences. Suppressing EOI may cause
the controller input sequence to hang.
2. When reading a buffer, EOI is asserted only at the end of the entire buffer transmission.
3. When enabled, EOI is asserted with the last byte in the terminator.
4. When bus hold-off is enabled, all bus acti vity is held up for the duration of the hold-off period,
not just for the duration of the communication with the Model 708A.
Example PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;K1X" ' No EOI, hold-off on X until Ready
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;K2X" ' Send EOI with last byte, do not hold-off on X
5.9.12 L — Download setups
Purpose To download setups from the controller to the Model 708A.
Format Lbbbb...X
Parameters bbbb... represents the G4/G5 or G6/G7 output string.
Description This command downloads setup information in a G4/G5 or G6/G7 data format. It is used in con-
junction with the U2 command (output setup data) to back up or expand the setups stored in the
Model 708A.
G formats are discussed in paragraph 5.9.7; see paragraph 5.9.20 for U commands.
Programming notes 1. The data format for downloading is specified by the G format presently in effect.
2. The setup data string begins with a setup number and unit number and ends with a checksum
value.
3. The setup number is specified in a U2,n command (output setup “n”), as shown in the following programming example.
Example DIM SETUP$[32] ' Dimension for stand-alone
PRINT #1, "REMOTE 18" ' Setup #1 in G4 format
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;G4U2,1X" ' Get setup data
PRINT #1, "ENTER 18"
LINE INPUT #2, SETUP$
PRINT SETUP$[1,6]
PRINT SETUP$[7,30] ' Print setup data card by card
PRINT SETUP$[31,32] ' Print checksum
PRINT "PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE" ' Inspect setup data
DO
LOOP WHILE INKEY$= “ “
PRINT #1,"OUTPUT 18;"L"+SETUP$+"X"" ' Download setup back to 708A
' Print setup and unit numbers
' Wait for keypress
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5-25
IEEE-488 Programming
5.9.13 M — SRQ and serial poll byte
Purpose To program which conditions generate an SRQ (service request).
Format Mn
Parameters n=0 SRQ disabled
n=1 Not used
n=2 Not used
n=4 Not used
n=8 Matrix Ready
n=16 Ready for trigger
n=32 Error
n=128 Not used
Default Upon power-up or after receiving a DCL, SDC, or R0X command, the instrument defaults to
M0 (SRQ disabled).
Description The SRQ command selects which conditions cause the Model 708A to generate an SRQ (service
request). Once an SRQ is generated, the serial poll byte can be checked to determine if the
Model 708A was the instrument that generated the SRQ, and, if so, what conditions caused it.
The general format of the SRQ mask used to generate SRQs is shown in Figure 5-15. By sending
the appropriate M command, you can set the appropriate bit(s) to enable SRQ generation if those
particular conditions occur. Possible conditions are:
• The Matrix Ready signal has been asserted (M8).
• The Ready (for trigger) signal has been asserted (M16).
• An error has occurred (M32). The nature of the error can be determined by reading the U1
error word as described in paragraph 5.9.20.
Figure 5-15
SRQ mask and serial poll byte format
5-26
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IEEE-488 Programming
Serial poll byte
The general format of the serial poll byte is shown in Figure 5-15. Note that all bits except for
bit 6 correspond to the bits in the SRQ mask. These bits flag the following conditions:
Matrix ready (bit 3) — Set whenever the Matrix Ready signal is asserted. Cleared by the start of
relay switching.
Ready for trigger (bit 4) — Set when the Ready signal is asserted. This bit is cleared by:
1. Receipt of X. Start of relay switching.
2. Front panel keypress on master unit.
3. Changing Make/Break or Break/Make row.
4. Performing self-test.
Error (bit 5) — Set if an error condition occurs. Cleared by reading the U1 error status word
(paragraph 5.9.20).
SRQ (bit 6) — Set if the Model 708A requests service via the SRQ line; cleared by a serial poll.
Programming notes 1. The serial poll byte should be read once the instrument has generated an SRQ to clear the SRQ
line.
2. All bits in the serial poll byte latch when the instrument generates an SRQ.
3. If an error occurs, bit 5 (error) in the serial poll byte latches and remains so until the U1 word
is read (paragraph 5.9.20).
4. Multiple error conditions can be programmed by adding up the individual command values.
For example, send M12X for SRQ under matrix ready and digital I/O interrupt conditions.
Example PRINT #1, "CLEAR 18"
PRINT #1, "REMOTE 18"
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;M32X" ' Attempt to program invalid option
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;A2X" ' Check interface status
WAITSRQ:
IF NOT(srq%()) THEN GOTO WAIT SRQ
PRINT #1, "SPOLL 18" ' Serial poll the instrument
INPUT #2, S ' Read serial poll byte
PRINT "B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0" ' Label the bit positions
FOR I=7 TO 0 STEP-1 ' Loop eight times
PRINT BIT (S,I); ' Display the bit positions
NEXT I
PRINT
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;U1X"
PRINT #1, "ENTER 18" ' Get U1 status to clear error
LINE INPUT #2, ERROR$
PRINT ERROR$
' Display error status
' Program for SRQ on error
' Wait for SRQ to occur
' Program for error status
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5-27
IEEE-488 Programming
5.9.14 N — Open crosspoint
Purpose To open crosspoints in a setup.
Format Nrc(,rc)...(,rc)
Parameters r=A to H Row designation of crosspoint
c=1 to 60 Column designation of crosspoint (60 with maximum of five Model 708A units)
Description The N command opens crosspoints in the setup indicated by the edit pointer. If the edit pointer indi-
cates the present relay setup (zero), the specified crosspoint relays are opened immediately. If the
edit pointer indicates a setup stored in memory (1-100), the specified crosspoints are cleared.
Programming notes 1. Do not include parentheses in command strings. They indicate that the option and associated
comma delimiter are optional.
2. Up to 25 crosspoints per mainframe can be specified in one open command (with a master
and four slaves, the limit is 125 crosspoints). In the same command string, up to 25 crosspoints per mainframe can be closed. If either limit is exceeded, an IDDCO results.
3. The maximum value of the column parameter depends on the configuration (12 for standalone, 60 for master with four slave units). An IDDCO results if the maximum value is
exceeded.
4. This command is equivalent to multiple light pen operation(s).
Example PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;NA55X" ' Open one crosspoint
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;NA55,A56,B49,B50X" ' Open multiple crosspoints
5.9.15 O — Digital output
Purpose To set the states of the digital output lines.
Format Ovvvvv
Parameters vvvvv=00000 to 65535 Decimal value of digital output
Default Upon power-up or after receiving a DCL, SDC, or R0X command, the instrument defaults to
O00000 (all digital outputs set to logic low).
Description This command is a decimal representation of the states of individual output lines of the digital
I/O port, where “1” is logic high and “0” is logic low. Bit assignments and corresponding connector pins are shown below:
Bit Position 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 76543210
Bit Weight 32768 16384 8192 4096 2048 1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Digital 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 87654321
Programming notes 1. In a master/slave configuration, only the output of the master unit is updated.
2. Leading zeros are not necessary in the parameter value.
3. This command is equivalent to a multiple light pen operation(s).
4. Output is negative true logic. Setting bit high will make output go low (sink).
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Example PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;O15X" ' Set bits <3-0> high
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;O0X" ' Restore default condition
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5.9.16 P — Clear crosspoints
Purpose To clear all crosspoints at the specified setup.
Format Pn
Parameters n=0 Present relay setup
n=1 to 100 Stored relay setup
Description The P command clears all crosspoints in the setup indicated by its parameter. If the present relay
setup (zero) is specified, all crosspoint relays are opened immediately. If setup stored in memory
(1-100) is specified, all crosspoints of that setup are cleared.
Programming note This command is equivalent to multiple front panel key presses.
Example PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;P0X" ' Open all relays
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;P20X" ' Clear relay setup 20
5.9.17 Q — Delete setup
IEEE-488 Programming
Purpose To delete a setup from memory.
Format Qn
Parameters n=1 to 100 Stored relay setup
Description During execution of this command, setups “n+1” through 100 are shifted down to the next lo wer
location in memory (“n+1” to “n”... 100 to 99). Then, all crosspoints of setup #100 are cleared.
The front panel display is blanked during a delete operation.
Programming note The command Q100 clears all crosspoints of relay setup 100.
Example PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;Q50X" ' Delete relay setup #50 from memory
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5-29
IEEE-488 Programming
5.9.18 R — Restore defaults
Purpose To restore the Model 708A to factory default conditions.
Format Rn
Parameters n=0 Restore factory defaults
Description An R0 command performs the following actions:
DDC parameters are set to the values shown below:
A0 Initiate trigger on falling edge of External Trigger pulse.
B0 Set Matrix Ready output signal to negative true.
E000 Set edit pointer to present relay setup.
F0 Disable triggers.
G0 Set full output format, all data sent in one talk.
K0 Send EOI with last byte, hold-off on X until ready.
M000 Disable all SRQ sources.
O00000 Set all digital outputs to logic low.
S00000 Set user settling time to zero.
T7 Trigger Model 708A on external trigger pulse.
V00000000 De-select all rows for make/break.
W00000000 De-select all rows for break/make.
Y0 Set terminator characters of <CR> <LF>.
• All setups stored in memory are cleared.
• Make/Break and Break/Make rows are cleared.
• A Device Clear operation (all crosspoint relays are opened, Relay Step pointer is set to 000,
Memory Step is set to 001).
Programming note The primary IEEE-488 address and master/slave operation are not affected by the Restore
command.
Example PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;R0X" ' Restore default conditions, clear setups
5.9.19 S — Programmed settling time
Purpose To program the settling time.
Format Sn
Parameters n=0 to 65000 Time in ms
Default Upon power-up or after receiving a DCL, SDC, or R0X command, the instrument def aults to S0
(programmed settling time of zero).
Description With the S command, you can program the settling time (up to 65 seconds). The programmed
settling time starts after the longest relay settling time has elapsed.
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IEEE-488 Programming
Figure 5-16
READY and MATRIX READY signal timing
Shift
Setup Data
Programmed
Settling T ime
TRIG
Overrun
Additio n al TRIGGER
not Processed
Not SETTLED
Message
Additional Trigger is Processed
Ready
Matrix
Ready
Relay
Settling T ime
Programming notes The total settling time equals the longest relay settling time of any card in the system plus any
user-programmed settling time. Figure 5-16 shows a timing diagram of the settling times. Additional timing diagrams are given in paragraph 4.8.2.
5.9.20 T — T rigger
Programming notes 1. Duplication of trigger sources allows compatibility with other Keithley IEEE-488 instruction
Example PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;S5000X" ' Program 5 second (5000 ms) settling time
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;S0X" ' Restore default condition (0 ms)
Purpose To select the trigger source.
Format Tn
Parameters n=0 or 1 Trigger on talk
n=2 or 3 Trigger on GET
n=4 or 5 Trigger on X
n=6 or 7 Trigger on External Trigger pulse
Default Upon power-up or after receiving a DCL, SDC, or R0X command, the instrument def aults to T7
(Trigger on External Trigger pulse).
Description With the trigger command, you can determine the trigger source over the b us or from an external
trigger pulse. A v alid trigger increments the Relay Step pointer by one, stopping at 100, and copies the setup data indicated by the new value to the relays.
sets.
2. Disabling triggers before changing the trigger source is a good programming practice.
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5-31
IEEE-488 Programming
Example PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;F0T0X" ' Disable triggers, program trigger on talk.
5.9.21 U — Status
3. If the unit is re-triggered while it is still processing a previous trigger, a Trigger Overrun or
Trigger Before Settling Time Expired error occurs, depending on when the additional trigger
occurs. The timing diagrams are shown in paragraph 4.8.2.
4. To trigger the instrument when using the trigger on talk, you must send the talk command
derived from the correct primary address. The factory default primary address is 18. Trigger
on talk does not occur when the Model 708A becomes a talker, but rather as the controller
requests the first byte of data from the unit.
5. Trigger on GET allows the fastest IEEE-488 triggering response.
6. The X character that is sent when programming a trigger on X source triggers the instrument.
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;F1X" ' Enable triggers
PRINT #1, "ENTER 18" ' Trigger next setup
LINE INPUT #2, A$
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;F0T2X"
PRINT #1, "OUTPUT 18;F1X" ' Enable triggers
PRINT #1, "TRIGGER 18" ' Trigger next setup
' Disable triggers, program trigger on GET
Purpose To obtain instrument status and system configuration.
Format Un
Un,s
Un,u
Parameters n = 0 Send machine status word.
n = 1 Send error status word.
n = 2,s Output setup “s” (0-100) with present G format.
n = 3 Send value of RELAY STEP pointer.
n = 4 Send number of slaves.
n = 5,u Send ID of each card in unit “u” (0-4).
n = 6 Send longest relay settling time.
n = 7 Send digital input of unit.
Description Overview
By sending the appropriate U command and then addressing the instrument to talk as with normal data, you can obtain information on machine status, error conditions, and other data.
U0 Machine status word
The format of U0 is shown in Figure 5-17. The letters correspond to modes programmed by the
respective device-dependent commands. Returned values correspond to the programmed
numeric values. The values shown in Figure 5-17 are the default values.
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Model
Number
708 A0 B0 E000 F0 G0 XXX K0 M 000 O 00000 S00000 T7 V00000000 W00000000 Y0 <TERM+EOI>
Figure 5-17
U0 machine status word
IEEE-488 Programming
Ex t ernal Trigger Ed ge
Matr ix Read y
Edit Pointer
Enable/Disable Triggers
Data Format
Not Us ed
Terminator
Break/Make Rows
Make/Break Rows
Tr igger Source
Programmed Settling Time
Digital Outp u t
SRQ Mask
EOI and Hold-Off
U1 Error status word
The U1 command allows access to Model 708A error conditions. The error status word (Figure
5-18) is a string of ASCII characters representing binary bit positions. Reading the U1 status
clears the error bits. An error condition is flagged in the serial poll byte while an y bits in the error
status word are set. The instrument can be programmed to generate an SRQ when an error condition occurs (see paragraph 5.9.12).
Model
Number
708 bbbbbbbbb <TERM+EOI>
IDDC
IDDCO
Not in Remote
Self-test Failed
Setup Checksum Error
Po we r - up Initialization Failed
Master/Slave Loop Error
Trigger Before Settling Time Expired
Trigger Overru n (Hardware)
Figure 5-18
U1 error status word
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5-33
IEEE-488 Programming
F
The various bits in the U1 error status word are set when the following conditions are present:
IDDC — An invalid device-dependent command (IDDC) is received.
IDDCO — An invalid device-dependent command option (IDDCO) is received.
Not in Remote — An X command is recei ved ov er the bus, but the Model 708A is not in remote.
Self-test Failed — The self-test detects a program ROM checksum error or a RAM error.
Trigger Overrun (Hardware) — A trigger is received before the Ready signal is asserted. The
trigger is ignored.
Trigger Before Settling Time Expired — A trigger is received before the Matrix Ready signal
is asserted. The trigger is processed.
Master/Slave Loop Error — There is a communication or timing error in the master/slave loop.
Power-up Initialization Failed — The power-up routine has detected a checksum error in the
information from one or more cards.
Setup Checksum Error — The power-up routine detects a checksum error in one or more set-
ups stored in memory. (The affected setups are cleared.)
U2,n Formatted setup
With the U2 command, you can request the Model 708A to output data of either the present relay
setup (n = 0) or a stored setup (1 < = n < = 100) according to the G format presently in effect.
(See paragraph 5.9.7.)
U3 Relay step pointer
The U3 command (Figure 5-19) requests the value of the Relay Step pointer, which indicates the
last setup sent to the relays (000 < = nnn < = 100).
Identifier
RSP nnn <TERM+EOI>
000-100
igure 5-19
U3 relay step pointer
U4 Number of slaves
With the U4 command (Figure 5-20), you can request the number of slaves present in a master/
slave loop configuration (between 1 and 4).
5-34
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IEEE-488 Programming
F
F
F
Identifier
NO S n <TERM+EOI>
0-4
igure 5-20
U4 number of slaves
U5,u Card IDs
By specifying a unit number in the U5 command (0 for master, 1-4 for slaves), you can request
the model numbers of the cards present in each mainframe. The output format is shown in Figure
5-21. The character string for an empty slot is “NONE”.
Identifier
C ID0, 1,mmmmmm <TERM+E OI>
Model Number
Card Slot
Unit Number (0-4)
igure 5-21
U5 card identification
U6 Relay settling time
The U6 command (Figure 5-22) requests the Model 708A to output the longest relay settling
time of all cards in the system (expressed in milliseconds).
Identifier
RSTnnnnn < TE RM+ E O I>
milliseconds
igure 5-22
U6 relay settling time
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5-35
IEEE-488 Programming
U7 Digital input
The U7 command (Figure 5-23) requests a decimal value of the inputs at the digital I/O port. In
master/slave configurations, the digital input of the master unit is sent.
Identifier
DIN iiiii; < TERM+EOI>
Input (00000-65535)
Figure 5-23
U7 digital input
Programming notes 1. The instrument transmits the appropriate status word only once each time the corresponding
U command is received.
2. To ensure that correct status is indicated, the status word should be requested immediately
after the command is transmitted. The status sent by the Model 708A is that which is present
at the time it is instructed to talk, not at the time the U command is received.
3. The bits in the U1 error status word latch and remain in that condition until the U1 word is
read.
4. The programmed terminator (default CR LF) is transmitted at the end of each status word.
Also, EOI is transmitted at the end (unless disabled with the K command).
5. If no U command has been received, the PRINT #1, “ENTER 18” and LINE INPUT #2, A$
commands request the letter (x) and number (nn) of the software revision for a stand-alone
unit or the master unit of a master/slave configuration (708Axnn). It is sent with two trailing
spaces plus the terminator and EOI.
5.9.22 V — Make/Break
Purpose To select rows for make/break operation.
Format Vabcdefgh
Parameters abcdefgh= 00000000 All rows de-selected for make/break
Description The V command selects individual rows for make/break (make-before-break) operation. A “1”
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to
11111111 All rows selected for make/break
in the respective row field selects make/break; a “0” de-selects make/break operation.
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