Juniper networks IPV6, IP User Manual
JUNOSe™ Software
for E Series™ Broadband Services Routers
IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide
Release 11.1.x
Juniper Networks, Inc.
1194 North Mathilda Avenue
Sunnyvale, California 94089
USA
408-745-2000
www.juniper.net
Published: 2010-03-28
Juniper Networks, the Juniper Networks logo, JUNOS, NetScreen, ScreenOS, and Steel-Belted Radius are registered trademarks of Juniper Networks, Inc. in
the United States and other countries. JUNOSe is a trademark of Juniper Networks, Inc. All other trademarks, service marks, registered trademarks, or
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Juniper Networks assumes no responsibility for any inaccuracies in this document. Juniper Networks reserves the right to change, modify, transfer, or
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Products made or sold by Juniper Networks or components thereof might be covered by one or more of the following patents that are owned by or licensed
to Juniper Networks: U.S. Patent Nos. 5,473,599, 5,905,725, 5,909,440, 6,192,051, 6,333,650, 6,359,479, 6,406,312, 6,429,706, 6,459,579, 6,493,347,
6,538,518, 6,538,899, 6,552,918, 6,567,902, 6,578,186, and 6,590,785.
JUNOSe™ Software for E Series™ Broadband Services Routers IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide
Release 11.1.x
Copyright © 2010, Juniper Networks, Inc.
All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
Writing: Mark Barnard, Bruce Gillham, Sarah Lesway-Ball, Brian Wesley Simmons, Fran Singer, Sairam Venugopalan, Pallavi Madhusudhan, Namrata Mehta
Editing: Benjamin Mann
Illustration: Nathaniel Woodward
Cover Design: Edmonds Design
Revision History
April 2010—FRS JUNOSe 11.1.x
The information in this document is current as of the date listed in the revision history.
YEAR 2000 NOTICE
Juniper Networks hardware and software products are Year 2000 compliant. The JUNOS Software has no known time-related limitations through the year
2038. However, the NTP application is known to have some difficulty in the year 2036.
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Abbreviated Table of Contents
About the Documentation xxi
Part 1 Internet Protocol
Chapter 1 Configuring IP 3
Chapter 2 Configuring IPv6 125
Chapter 3 Configuring Neighbor Discovery 193
Part 2 Internet Protocol Routing
Chapter 4 Configuring RIP 205
Chapter 5 Configuring OSPF 241
Chapter 6 Configuring IS-IS 325
Part 3 Index
Index 417
Abbreviated Table of Contents ■ vii
JUNOSe 11.0.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide
viii ■
Table of Contents
About the Documentation xxi
E Series and JUNOSe Documentation and Release Notes ..............................xxi
Audience ......................................................................................................xxi
E Series and JUNOSe Text and Syntax Conventions .....................................xxi
Obtaining Documentation ..........................................................................xxiii
Documentation Feedback ...........................................................................xxiii
Requesting Technical Support .....................................................................xxiii
Self-Help Online Tools and Resources ..................................................xxiv
Opening a Case with JTAC ....................................................................xxiv
Part 1 Internet Protocol
Chapter 1 Configuring IP 3
Overview .........................................................................................................3
IP Packets .................................................................................................4
IP Functions ..............................................................................................4
Moving Data Between Layers .............................................................4
Routing Datagrams to Remote Hosts ..................................................4
Fragmenting and Reassembling Datagrams .......................................4
IP Layering ................................................................................................5
Network Interface Layer .....................................................................5
Internet Layer .....................................................................................5
Transport Layer ..................................................................................5
Application Layer ...............................................................................5
Platform Considerations ..................................................................................6
References ......................................................................................................6
IP Features ......................................................................................................7
IP Addressing ..................................................................................................7
Physical and Logical Addresses .................................................................7
Internet Addresses ....................................................................................8
Subnetwork Mask Format Options ............................................................9
Subnet Addressing ....................................................................................9
Classless Addressing with CIDR ..............................................................10
Adding and Deleting Addresses ..............................................................11
Adding a Primary Address ................................................................11
Deleting a Primary Address ..............................................................12
Adding a Secondary (Multinet) Address ............................................12
Deleting a Secondary Address ..........................................................12
Table of Contents ■ ix
JUNOSe 11.0.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide
ip address Command .......................................................................12
Indirect Next-Hop Support .............................................................................13
Before You Configure IP ................................................................................14
Creating a Profile ...........................................................................................14
Assigning a Profile ..................................................................................17
Address Resolution Protocol ..........................................................................18
How ARP Works .....................................................................................18
MAC Address Validation ..........................................................................22
Broadcast Addressing ....................................................................................23
Broadcast Tasks ......................................................................................24
Fragmentation ...............................................................................................24
IP Routing .....................................................................................................25
Routing Information Tables ....................................................................25
Setting the Administrative Distance for a Route ......................................27
Setting the Metric for a Route .................................................................29
Routing Operations .................................................................................29
Identifying a Router Within an Autonomous System ...............................29
Establishing a Static Route ......................................................................29
Configuring Static Routes with Indirect Next Hops ..................................30
Verifying Next Hops for Static Routes .....................................................31
How BFD Next-Hop Verification Works ............................................31
BFD Next Hop Verification Configuration Example ..........................32
How RTR Next-Hop Verification Works ............................................33
RTR Configuration Example .............................................................33
Configuring RTR Next-Hop Verification ............................................34
Setting Up Default Routes .......................................................................39
Setting Up an Unnumbered Interface ......................................................39
Adding a Host Route to a Peer on a PPP Interface ..................................39
Enabling Source Address Validation ........................................................40
Enabling Source Address Validation Traps ..............................................40
Defining TCP Maximum Segment Size ....................................................41
Setting MSS for TCP Connections ............................................................41
Configuring IP Path MTU Discovery ........................................................42
Enabling PMTU Discovery ................................................................42
Limiting PMTU .................................................................................43
Specifying Black Hole Thresholds .....................................................44
Shutting Down an IP Interface ................................................................44
Removing the IP Configuration ...............................................................44
Clearing IP Routes ...................................................................................45
Clearing IP Interfaces ..............................................................................45
Setting a Baseline ....................................................................................46
Disabling Forwarding of Packets .............................................................46
Enabling Forwarding of Source-Routed Packets ......................................46
Forcing an Interface to Appear Up ..........................................................47
Specifying a Debounce Time ...................................................................47
Adding a Description ..............................................................................48
Enabling Link Status Traps ......................................................................48
Configuring the Speed .............................................................................49
Configuring Equal-Cost Multipath Load Sharing ......................................49
Defining Maximum Paths .................................................................49
Round-Robin Mode ...........................................................................49
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Table of Contents
Fast Reroute Protection ....................................................................50
Setting a TTL Value .................................................................................51
Protecting Against TCP RST or SYN DoS Attacks .....................................51
Preventing TCP PAWS Timestamp DoS Attacks ......................................52
Protecting Against TCP Out of Order DoS Attacks ...................................53
Limiting Buffers per Router ..............................................................53
Limiting Buffers per Virtual Router ...................................................54
Limiting Buffers per Connection .......................................................55
Distributing Routing Table Updates to Line Modules ...............................55
IP Tunnel Routing Table ..........................................................................56
Shared IP Interfaces ......................................................................................56
Configuring Shared IP Interfaces .............................................................57
Moving IP Interfaces ...............................................................................59
IP Shared Interface Statistics ...................................................................59
Subscriber Interfaces ..............................................................................59
Internet Control Message Protocol .................................................................59
ICMP Tasks .............................................................................................60
Specifying a Source Address for ICMP Messages .....................................61
Reachability Commands ................................................................................62
Response Time Reporter ...............................................................................65
Configuration Tasks ................................................................................65
Configuring the Probe Type ....................................................................66
Configuring Optional Characteristics .......................................................67
Capturing Statistics ...........................................................................69
Collecting History .............................................................................70
Setting the Receiving Interface .........................................................70
Setting Reaction Conditions ....................................................................70
Scheduling the Probe ..............................................................................72
Shutting Down the Probe ........................................................................73
Monitoring RTR ......................................................................................74
Monitoring IP ................................................................................................79
System Event Logs ..................................................................................79
Establishing a Baseline ............................................................................80
IP show Commands ................................................................................81
Chapter 2 Configuring IPv6 125
IPv6 Overview .............................................................................................125
IPv6 Packet Headers .............................................................................126
IPv4 and IPv6 Header Differences ..................................................126
Standard IPv6 Headers ...................................................................127
Extension Headers .........................................................................127
IPv6 Addressing ....................................................................................128
Address Representation ..................................................................128
Address Types ................................................................................129
Address Scope ................................................................................130
Address Structure ...........................................................................130
ICMP Support .................................................................................131
IPv6 Tunnel Routing Table ....................................................................131
Table of Contents ■ xi
JUNOSe 11.0.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide
Indirect Next Hop Support ....................................................................131
Platform Considerations ..............................................................................132
References ..................................................................................................133
Before You Configure IPv6 ..........................................................................133
Configuring an IPv6 License ........................................................................134
Creating an IPv6 Profile ...............................................................................134
Assigning a Profile .......................................................................................137
Enabling Source Address Validation ............................................................137
Establishing a Static Route ..........................................................................138
Specifying an IPv6 Hop Count Limit ............................................................138
Managing IPv6 Interfaces ............................................................................139
Configuring Shared IPv6 Interfaces .............................................................141
Adding a Description ...................................................................................143
IPv6 TCP Configuration ...............................................................................143
Setting MSS for TCP Connections ..........................................................143
Configuring Path MTU Discovery ..........................................................144
Enabling PMTU Discovery ..............................................................144
Limiting PMTU ...............................................................................145
Specifying Black Hole Thresholds ...................................................146
Protecting Against TCP RST or SYN DoS Attacks ...................................146
Preventing TCP PAWS Timestamp DoS Attacks ....................................147
Protecting Against TCP Out of Order DoS Attacks .................................148
Limiting Buffers per Router ............................................................148
Limiting Buffers per Virtual Router .................................................149
Limiting Buffers per Connection .....................................................149
Configuring Equal-Cost Multipath Load Sharing ...........................................150
Hashed Mode ........................................................................................150
Defining Maximum Paths ...............................................................150
Fast Reroute Protection ........................................................................151
Removing an IPv6 Configuration .................................................................151
Clearing IPv6 Routes ...................................................................................152
Creating Static IPv6 Neighbors ....................................................................152
Clearing Dynamic IPv6 Neighbors ...............................................................152
Monitoring IPv6 ...........................................................................................153
System Event Logs ................................................................................153
Establishing a Baseline ..........................................................................153
IPv6 show Commands ..........................................................................155
Chapter 3 Configuring Neighbor Discovery 193
Overview .....................................................................................................193
Platform Considerations ..............................................................................194
References ..................................................................................................194
Before You Configure Neighbor Discovery ...................................................194
Configuring Neighbor Discovery ..................................................................195
Using IPv6 Profiles and RADIUS to Configure Neighbor Discovery Route
Advertisements ..............................................................................196
IPv6 Profile-Based Configuration ....................................................196
RADIUS-Based Configuration ..........................................................197
Configuring Proxy Neighbor Advertisements ...............................................200
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Table of Contents
Configuring Duplicate Address Detection Attempts .....................................201
Monitoring Neighbor Discovery ...................................................................202
Part 2 Internet Protocol Routing
Chapter 4 Configuring RIP 205
Overview .....................................................................................................205
RIP Metric .............................................................................................205
RIP Messages ........................................................................................206
Platform Considerations ..............................................................................206
References ..................................................................................................207
Features ......................................................................................................207
Route Tags ............................................................................................207
Authentication ......................................................................................207
Subnet Masks ........................................................................................208
Next Hop ..............................................................................................209
Multicasting ..........................................................................................209
Route Summaries .................................................................................209
Split Horizon .........................................................................................210
Equal-Cost Multipath .............................................................................210
Applying Route Maps ............................................................................210
Before You Run RIP .....................................................................................210
Configuration Tasks .....................................................................................210
Relationship Between address and network Commands .......................213
Enabling RIP on Dynamic IP Interfaces .......................................................223
Clearing Dynamic RIP Interfaces .................................................................223
Using RIP Routes for Multicast RPF Checks .................................................224
Configuring the BFD Protocol for RIP ..........................................................224
Remote Neighbors .......................................................................................226
Monitoring RIP ............................................................................................229
debug Commands .................................................................................230
show Commands ..................................................................................230
Chapter 5 Configuring OSPF 241
Overview .....................................................................................................242
OSPF Terms ..........................................................................................242
Platform Considerations ..............................................................................245
References ..................................................................................................246
Features ......................................................................................................246
Intra-area, Interarea, and External Routes ............................................246
Routing Priority ..............................................................................247
Virtual Links ..........................................................................................247
Authentication ......................................................................................247
Opaque LSAs ........................................................................................248
Route Leakage ......................................................................................248
Equal-Cost Multipath .............................................................................248
Table of Contents ■ xiii
JUNOSe 11.0.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide
OSPF MIB .............................................................................................248
Interacting with Other Routing Protocols ..............................................248
Implementing OSPF for IPv6 ................................................................249
Understanding the OSPFv3 Difference ...........................................249
Supported LSA Types .....................................................................250
Unsupported OSPF Components ....................................................250
OSPF Configuration Tasks ...........................................................................251
Starting OSPF ..............................................................................................251
Enabling OSPFv2 ..................................................................................251
Enabling OSPFv3 ..................................................................................252
Creating a Range of OSPF Interfaces .....................................................252
Creating a Single OSPFv2 Interface .......................................................254
Specifying an OSPF Router ID ...............................................................255
Aggregating OSPF Networks ........................................................................256
Configuring OSPF Interfaces ........................................................................257
address Commands ..............................................................................258
ip ospf and ipv6 ospf Commands .........................................................261
Comparison Example ...........................................................................265
Precedence of Commands ....................................................................266
Configuring OSPF Areas ..............................................................................266
Optimizing the Cost to Reach a Range of OSPF Routers Within an Area .....270
Configuring Authentication ..........................................................................272
Authentication Requirements ...............................................................272
Configuring the BFD Protocol for OSPF .......................................................276
Configuring Additional Parameters ..............................................................278
Methods for Calculating OSPF Interface Cost ........................................287
Default Metrics ......................................................................................288
Configuring OSPF for NBMA Networks ........................................................288
Traffic Engineering ......................................................................................290
Configuring OSPF for Traffic Engineering .............................................290
Using OSPF Routes for Multicast RPF Checks ..............................................291
OSPF and BGP/MPLS VPNs ..........................................................................292
Remote Neighbors .......................................................................................292
Remote Neighbors and Sham Links ......................................................296
Configuring OSPF Graceful Restart ..............................................................296
Disabling and Reenabling Incremental SPF .................................................299
Configuring OSPF Traps ..............................................................................299
Neighbor Uptime Tracking ..........................................................................300
Monitoring OSPF .........................................................................................300
debug Commands .................................................................................300
show Commands ..................................................................................302
Chapter 6 Configuring IS-IS 325
Overview .....................................................................................................325
IS-IS Terms ...........................................................................................326
ISO Network Layer Addresses ...............................................................328
Level 1 Routing ..............................................................................328
Level 2 Routing ..............................................................................328
Dynamic Hostname Resolution .............................................................328
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Table of Contents
Authentication ......................................................................................329
Simple Authentication ....................................................................329
HMAC MD5 Authentication ............................................................330
MD5 Authentication Example .........................................................330
Specifying MD5 Start and Stop Timing ...........................................331
Halting MD5 Authentication ...........................................................332
Managing and Replacing MD5 Keys ...............................................332
Enabling and Disabling Authentication of CSNPs and PSNPs ..........332
Extensions for Traffic Engineering ........................................................333
Integrated IS-IS .....................................................................................334
Equal-Cost Multipath .............................................................................334
Static PPP Interfaces .............................................................................334
Route Tags ............................................................................................334
Route Tag Applications ...................................................................334
Route Tag Structure ........................................................................335
Setting Route Tags ..........................................................................335
Using Route Tags ............................................................................336
Unsupported Features ....................................................................336
Table Maps ...........................................................................................337
Graceful Restart ....................................................................................337
Features .........................................................................................337
How Graceful Restart Works ...........................................................338
IS-IS for IPv6 .........................................................................................339
Platform Considerations ..............................................................................339
References ..................................................................................................339
Features ......................................................................................................340
Before You Run IS-IS ...................................................................................341
Configuration Tasks .....................................................................................341
Enabling IS-IS for IP Routing .......................................................................341
Summary Example ...............................................................................343
Enabling and Configuring IS-IS for IPv6 Routing ..........................................343
Summary Example ...............................................................................345
Configuring IS-IS Interface-Specific Parameters ...........................................346
Configuring Authentication ...................................................................346
Configuring Link-State Metrics ..............................................................347
Configuring a Reference Bandwidth to Set a Default Metric ..................347
Setting the CSNP Interval ......................................................................348
Configuring Hello Packet Parameters ....................................................348
Padding IS-IS Hello Packets ...................................................................350
Configuring LSP Parameters .................................................................350
Setting the Designated Router Priority ..................................................351
Configuring Passive Interfaces ..............................................................352
Configuring Adjacency ..........................................................................353
Configuring Route Tags for IS-IS Interfaces ...........................................354
Configuring Point-to-Point-over-LAN Circuits .........................................355
Summary Example ...............................................................................356
Configuring Global IS-IS Parameters ............................................................357
Setting Authentication Passwords .........................................................357
Configuring Authentication of CSNPs and PSNPs ..................................358
Configuring Redistribution ....................................................................359
Redistributing Routes Between Levels ...................................................362
Table of Contents ■ xv
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Controlling Granularity of Routing Information .....................................364
Configuring a Global Default Metric ......................................................364
Configuring Metric Type .......................................................................365
Setting the Administrative Distance ......................................................366
Configuring Default Routes ...................................................................367
Setting Router Type ..............................................................................368
Summarizing Routes .............................................................................368
Avoiding Transient Black Holes .............................................................369
Waiting for BGP Convergence ........................................................370
Example Topology ..........................................................................370
Suppression for IS-IS Graceful Restart .............................................371
Configuration .................................................................................371
Ignoring LSP Errors ...............................................................................372
Logging Adjacency State Changes .........................................................373
Configuring LSP Parameters .................................................................373
Specifying the SPF Interval ...................................................................375
Defining the SPF Route Calculation Level ..............................................376
Setting CLNS Parameters ......................................................................377
Setting the Maximum Parallel Routes ...................................................378
Configuring a Virtual Multiaccess Network ............................................378
Configuring Table Maps ........................................................................379
Configuring Graceful Restart .................................................................379
Summary Example ...............................................................................383
Configuring IS-IS for MPLS ..........................................................................383
Using IS-IS Routes for Multicast RPF Checks ................................................385
Configuring the BFD Protocol for IS-IS .........................................................385
Disabling the IS-IS Protocol .........................................................................386
Monitoring IS-IS ...........................................................................................387
System Event Logs ................................................................................387
Monitoring IS-IS Parameters .................................................................388
Displaying CLNS ...................................................................................400
Part 3 Index
Index ...........................................................................................................417
xvi ■ Table of Contents
List of Figures
Part 1 Internet Protocol
Chapter 1 Configuring IP 3
Figure 1: TCP/IP Conceptual Layers .................................................................5
Figure 2: IP Address Classes ............................................................................8
Figure 3: Basic Network Masking ...................................................................10
Figure 4: Subnetting ......................................................................................10
Figure 5: Routing With and Without CIDR .....................................................11
Figure 6: Direct Next Hops ............................................................................13
Figure 7: Indirect Next Hops .........................................................................13
Figure 8: Sample ARP Process—1 through 3 .................................................19
Figure 9: Sample ARP Process—4 and 5 .......................................................19
Figure 10: Routers in a Small Network ..........................................................26
Figure 11: Static Routes with Indirect Next Hops ...........................................30
Figure 12: Sample Configuration for Next-Hop Verification ...........................34
Chapter 2 Configuring IPv6 125
Figure 13: IPv4 and IPv6 Header Comparison .............................................127
Figure 14: Direct Next Hops ........................................................................132
Figure 15: Indirect Next Hops .....................................................................132
Part 2 Internet Protocol Routing
Chapter 5 Configuring OSPF 241
Figure 16: OSPF Topology ...........................................................................245
Figure 17: Optimizing OSPF Area Aggregate Costs ......................................271
Chapter 6 Configuring IS-IS 325
Figure 18: Overview of IS-IS Topology .........................................................327
Figure 19: Packet Flow Between Routers With and Without Authentication
Set ........................................................................................................331
Figure 20: Example of Level 1 and Level 2 Routing .....................................362
Figure 21: Transit Router Topology .............................................................370
List of Figures ■ xvii
JUNOSe 11.0.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide
xviii ■ List of Figures
List of Tables
About the Documentation xxi
Table 1: Notice Icons ...................................................................................xxii
Table 2: Text and Syntax Conventions ........................................................xxii
Part 1 Internet Protocol
Chapter 1 Configuring IP 3
Table 3: Routing Table for Router NY ............................................................27
Table 4: Routing Table for Router LA .............................................................27
Table 5: Default Administrative Distances for Route Sources .........................27
Table 6: Next-Hop Verification Results for Sample Configuration ..................34
Table 7: Probe Characteristics .......................................................................67
Chapter 2 Configuring IPv6 125
Table 8: Compressed IPv6 Formats .............................................................128
Part 2 Internet Protocol Routing
Chapter 5 Configuring OSPF 241
Table 9: OSPF-Related Terms ......................................................................242
Table 10: Routing Priority ...........................................................................247
Table 11: Additional Configuration Tasks ....................................................278
Table 12: Methods and Precedence for Calculating OSPF Interface Cost .....287
Chapter 6 Configuring IS-IS 325
Table 13: IS-IS Terms ..................................................................................326
Table 14: Configuration Tasks for Setting IS-IS Route Tags ..........................335
Table 15: IS-IS Graceful Restart Timers ........................................................338
List of Tables ■ xix
JUNOSe 11.0.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide
xx ■ List of Tables
About the Documentation
■ E Series and JUNOSe Documentation and Release Notes on page xxi
■ Audience on page xxi
■ E Series and JUNOSe Text and Syntax Conventions on page xxi
■ Obtaining Documentation on page xxiii
■ Documentation Feedback on page xxiii
■ Requesting Technical Support on page xxiii
E Series and JUNOSe Documentation and Release Notes
For a list of related JUNOSe documentation, see
http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/software/index.html .
If the information in the latest release notes differs from the information in the
documentation, follow the JUNOSe Release Notes.
To obtain the most current version of all Juniper Networks® technical documentation,
see the product documentation page on the Juniper Networks website at
http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/.
Audience
This guide is intended for experienced system and network specialists working with
Juniper Networks E Series Broadband Services Routers in an Internet access
environment.
E Series and JUNOSe Text and Syntax Conventions
Table 1 on page xxii defines notice icons used in this documentation.
E Series and JUNOSe Documentation and Release Notes ■ xxi
JUNOSe 11.0.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide
Table 1: Notice Icons
Table 2 on page xxii defines text and syntax conventions that we use throughout the
E Series and JUNOSe documentation.
DescriptionMeaningIcon
Indicates important features or instructions.Informational note
Indicates a situation that might result in loss of data or hardware damage.Caution
Alerts you to the risk of personal injury or death.Warning
Alerts you to the risk of personal injury from a laser.Laser warning
Table 2: Text and Syntax Conventions
Represents commands and keywords in text.Bold text like this
Bold text like this
Fixed-width text like this
Represents text that the user must type.
Represents information as displayed on your
terminal’s screen.
Italic text like this
Emphasizes words.
■
Identifies variables.
■
Identifies chapter, appendix, and book
■
names.
Plus sign (+) linking key names
keys simultaneously.
Syntax Conventions in the Command Reference Guide
ExamplesDescriptionConvention
Issue the clock source command.
■
Specify the keyword exp-msg.
■
host1(config)#traffic class low-loss1
host1#show ip ospf 2
Routing Process OSPF 2 with Router
ID 5.5.0.250
Router is an Area Border Router
(ABR)
There are two levels of access: user and
■
privileged.
clusterId, ipAddress.
■
Appendix A, System Specifications
■
Press Ctrl + b.Indicates that you must press two or more
terminal lengthRepresents keywords.Plain text like this
| (pipe symbol)
or variable to the left or to the right of this
symbol. (The keyword or variable can be
either optional or required.)
xxii ■ E Series and JUNOSe Text and Syntax Conventions
mask, accessListNameRepresents variables.Italic text like this
diagnostic | lineRepresents a choice to select one keyword
Table 2: Text and Syntax Conventions (continued)
About the Documentation
ExamplesDescriptionConvention
[ internal | external ]Represent optional keywords or variables.[ ] (brackets)
[ ]* (brackets and asterisk)
that can be entered more than once.
Represent required keywords or variables.{ } (braces)
Obtaining Documentation
To obtain the most current version of all Juniper Networks technical documentation,
see the Technical Documentation page on the Juniper Networks Web site at
http://www.juniper.net/.
To download complete sets of technical documentation to create your own
documentation CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMs, see the Offline Documentation page at
http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/resources/cdrom.html
Copies of the Management Information Bases (MIBs) for a particular software release
are available for download in the software image bundle from the Juniper Networks
Web site athttp://www.juniper.net/.
Documentation Feedback
[ level1 | level2 | l1 ]*Represent optional keywords or variables
{ permit | deny } { in | out }
{ clusterId | ipAddress }
We encourage you to provide feedback, comments, and suggestions so that we can
improve the documentation to better meet your needs. Send your comments to
techpubs-comments@juniper.net, or fill out the documentation feedback form at
https://www.juniper.net/cgi-bin/docbugreport/. If you are using e-mail, be sure to include
the following information with your comments:
■ Document or topic name
■ URL or page number
■ Software release version
Requesting Technical Support
Technical product support is available through the Juniper Networks Technical
Assistance Center (JTAC). If you are a customer with an active J-Care or JNASC support
contract, or are covered under warranty, and need post-sales technical support, you
can access our tools and resources online or open a case with JTAC.
■ JTAC policies—For a complete understanding of our JTAC procedures and policies,
review the JTAC User Guide located at
http://www.juniper.net/customers/support/downloads/7100059-EN.pdf .
Obtaining Documentation ■ xxiii
JUNOSe 11.0.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide
■ Product warranties—For product warranty information, visit
http://www.juniper.net/support/warranty/ .
■ JTAC hours of operation—The JTAC centers have resources available 24 hours a
day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year.
Self-Help Online Tools and Resources
For quick and easy problem resolution, Juniper Networks has designed an online
self-service portal called the Customer Support Center (CSC) that provides you with
the following features:
■
Find CSC offerings: http://www.juniper.net/customers/support/
■
Search for known bugs: http://www2.juniper.net/kb/
■
Find product documentation: http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/
■ Find solutions and answer questions using our Knowledge Base:
http://kb.juniper.net/
■ Download the latest versions of software and review release notes:
http://www.juniper.net/customers/csc/software/
■ Search technical bulletins for relevant hardware and software notifications:
https://www.juniper.net/alerts/
■ Join and participate in the Juniper Networks Community Forum:
http://www.juniper.net/company/communities/
■
Open a case online in the CSC Case Management tool: http://www.juniper.net/cm/
To verify service entitlement by product serial number, use our Serial Number
Entitlement (SNE) Tool: https://tools.juniper.net/SerialNumberEntitlementSearch/
Opening a Case with JTAC
You can open a case with JTAC on the Web or by telephone.
■
Use the Case Management tool in the CSC at http://www.juniper.net/cm/ .
■ Call 1-888-314-JTAC (1-888-314-5822 toll-free in the USA, Canada, and Mexico).
For international or direct-dial options in countries without toll-free numbers, see
http://www.juniper.net/support/requesting support.html .
xxiv ■ Requesting Technical Support
Part 1
Internet Protocol
■ Configuring IP on page 3
■ Configuring IPv6 on page 125
■ Configuring Neighbor Discovery on page 193
Internet Protocol ■ 1
JUNOSe 11.0.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide
2 ■ Internet Protocol
Chapter 1
Configuring IP
This chapter describes how to configure Internet Protocol (IP) routing on your E Series
router.
■ Overview on page 3
■ Platform Considerations on page 6
■ References on page 6
■ IP Features on page 7
■ IP Addressing on page 7
■ Indirect Next-Hop Support on page 13
■ Before You Configure IP on page 14
■ Creating a Profile on page 14
■ Address Resolution Protocol on page 18
■ Broadcast Addressing on page 23
■ Fragmentation on page 24
■ IP Routing on page 25
■ Shared IP Interfaces on page 56
■ Internet Control Message Protocol on page 59
■ Reachability Commands on page 62
■ Response Time Reporter on page 65
■ Monitoring IP on page 79
Overview
TCP/IP is a suite of data communications protocols. Two of the more important
protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet
Protocol (IP).
IP provides the basic packet delivery service for all TCP/IP networks. IP is a
connectionless protocol, which means that it does not exchange control information
to establish an end-to-end connection before transmitting data. A connection-oriented
protocol exchanges control information with the remote computer to verify that it
is ready to receive data before sending it.
Overview ■ 3
JUNOSe 11.0.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide
IP relies on protocols in other layers to establish the connection if connection-oriented
services are required and to provide error detection and error recovery. IP is
sometimes called an unreliable protocol, because it contains no error detection or
recovery code.
IP Packets
A packet is a block of data that carries with it the information necessary to deliver it
to a destination address. A packet-switching network uses the addressing information
in the packets to switch packets from one physical network to another, moving them
toward their final destination. Each packet travels the network independently of any
other packet. The datagram is the packet format defined by IP.
IP Functions
Some of the functions IP performs include:
■ Moving data between the network access layer and the host-to-host transport
layer
■ Routing datagrams to remote hosts
■ Fragmenting and reassembling datagrams
Moving Data Between Layers
When IP receives a datagram that is addressed to the local host, it must pass the
data portion of the datagram to the correct host-to-host transport layer protocol. IP
uses the protocol number in the datagram header to select the transport layer protocol.
Each host-to-host transport layer protocol has a unique protocol number that identifies
it to IP.
Routing Datagrams to Remote Hosts
Internet gateways are commonly referred to as IP routers because they use IP to
route packets between networks. In traditional TCP/IP terms, there are only two
types of network devices: gateways and hosts. Gateways forward packets between
networks, and hosts do not. However, if a host is connected to more than one network
(called a multihomed host), it can forward packets between the networks. When a
multihomed host forwards packets, it acts like any other gateway and is considered
to be a gateway.
Fragmenting and Reassembling Datagrams
As a datagram is routed through different networks, it may be necessary for the IP
module in a gateway to divide the datagram into smaller pieces. A datagram received
from one network may be too large to be transmitted in a single packet on a different
network. This condition occurs only when a gateway interconnects dissimilar physical
networks.
4 ■ Overview
Each type of network has a maximum transmission unit (MTU) that determines the
largest packet it can transfer. If the datagram received from one network is longer
IP Layering
Chapter 1: Configuring IP
than the other network’s MTU, it is necessary to divide the datagram into smaller
fragments for transmission in a process called fragmentation. See “Fragmentation”
on page 24.
TCP/IP is organized into four conceptual layers (as shown in Figure 1 on page 5).
Figure 1: TCP/IP Conceptual Layers
Network Interface Layer
The network interface layer is the lowest level of the TCP/IP protocol stack. It is
responsible for transmitting datagrams over the physical medium to their final
destinations.
Internet Layer
The Internet layer is the second level of the TCP/IP protocol stack. It provides
host-to-host communication. In this layer, packets are encapsulated into datagrams,
routing algorithms are run, and the datagram is passed to the network interface layer
for transmission on the attached network.
Transport Layer
The transport layer is the third level of the TCP/IP protocol stack. It is responsible for
providing communication between applications residing in different hosts. By placing
identifying information in the datagram (such as socket information), the transport
layer enables process-to-process communication.
The transport layer provides either a reliable transport service (TCP) or an unreliable
service (User Data Protocol). In a reliable delivery service, the destination station
acknowledges the receipt of a datagram.
Application Layer
The application layer is the fourth and highest level of the TCP/IP protocol stack.
Some applications that run in this layer are:
■ Telnet
■ File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
■ Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Overview ■ 5
JUNOSe 11.0.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide
■ Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
■ Domain Name System (DNS)
Platform Considerations
For information about modules that support IP on the ERX7xx models, ERX14xx
models, and the Juniper Networks ERX310 Broadband Services Router:
■ See ERX Module Guide, Table 1, Module Combinations for detailed module
specifications.
■ See ERX Module Guide, Appendix A, Module Protocol Support for information about
the modules that support IP.
For information about modules that support IP on the Juniper Networks E120 and
E320 Broadband Services Routers:
■ See E120 and E320 Module Guide, Table 1, Modules and IOAs for detailed module
specifications.
References
■ See E120 and E320 Module Guide, Appendix A, IOA Protocol Support for information
about the modules that support IP.
For more information about IP, consult the following resources:
■ RFC 768—User Datagram Protocol (August 1980)
■ RFC 791—Internet Protocol DARPA Internet Program Protocol Specification
(September 1981)
■ RFC 792—Internet Control Message Protocol (September 1981)
■ RFC 793—Transmission Control Protocol (September 1981)
■ RFC 854—Telnet Protocol Specification (May 1983)
■ RFC 919—Broadcasting Internet Datagrams (October 1984)
■ RFC 922—Broadcasting Internet Datagrams in the Presence of Subnets (October
1984)
■ RFC 950—Internet Standard Subnetting Procedure (August 1985)
■ RFC 1112—Host Extensions for IP Multicasting (August 1989)
■ RFC 1122—Requirements for Internet Hosts—Communication Layers (October
1989)
■ RFC 1812—Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers (June 1995)
■ RFC 3419—Textual Conventions for Transport Addresses (December 2002)
■ JUNOSe Release Notes, Appendix A, System Maximums—Refer to the Release Notes
6 ■ Platform Considerations
corresponding to your software release for information about maximum values.
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