Juniper networks MPLS, BGP User Manual

JUNOSe™ Software for E Series™ Routing Platforms

BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Release 11.1.x

Juniper Networks, Inc.

1194 North Mathilda Avenue

Sunnyvale, California 94089

USA

408-745-2000

www.juniper.net

Published: 2010-03-30

Juniper Networks, the Juniper Networks logo, JUNOS, NetScreen, ScreenOS, and Steel-Belted Radius are registered trademarks of Juniper Networks, Inc. in the United States and other countries. JUNOSe is a trademark of Juniper Networks, Inc. All other trademarks, service marks, registered trademarks, or registered service marks are the property of their respective owners.

Juniper Networks assumes no responsibility for any inaccuracies in this document. Juniper Networks reserves the right to change, modify, transfer, or otherwise revise this publication without notice.

Products made or sold by Juniper Networks or components thereof might be covered by one or more of the following patents that are owned by or licensed to Juniper Networks: U.S. Patent Nos. 5,473,599, 5,905,725, 5,909,440, 6,192,051, 6,333,650, 6,359,479, 6,406,312, 6,429,706, 6,459,579, 6,493,347, 6,538,518, 6,538,899, 6,552,918, 6,567,902, 6,578,186, and 6,590,785.

JUNOSe™ Software for E Series™ Routing Platforms BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Writing: Subash Babu Asokan, Bruce Gillham, Brian Wesley Simmons, Fran Singer, Megha Shaseendran, Krupa Chandrashekar, Namrata Mehta, Pallavi Madhusudhan, Chander Aima, Poornima Goswami, Hema Priya J, Sairam Venugopalan Editing: Benjamin Mann Illustration: Brian Wesley Simmons, Nathaniel Woodward Cover Design: Edmonds Design

Revision History April 2010—FRS JUNOSe 11.1.x

The information in this document is current as of the date listed in the revision history.

YEAR 2000 NOTICE

Juniper Networks hardware and software products are Year 2000 compliant. The JUNOS Software has no known time-related limitations through the year

2038. However, the NTP application is known to have some difficulty in the year 2036.

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agreements relating to the Software, whether oral or written (including any inconsistent terms contained in a purchase order), except that the terms of a separate written agreement executed by an authorized Juniper representative and Customer shall govern to the extent such terms are inconsistent or conflict with terms contained herein. No modification to this Agreement nor any waiver of any rights hereunder shall be effective unless expressly assented to in writing by the party to be charged. If any portion of this Agreement is held invalid, the Parties agree that such invalidity shall not affect the validity of the remainder of this Agreement. This Agreement and associated documentation has been written in the English language, and the Parties agree that the English version will govern. (For Canada: Les parties aux présentés confirment leur volonté que cette convention de même que tous les documents y compris tout avis qui s'y rattaché, soient redigés en langue anglaise. (Translation: The parties confirm that this Agreement and all related documentation is and will be in the English language)).

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Abbreviated Table of Contents

About the Documentation xxxiii

Part 1 Border Gateway Protocol

Chapter 1 Configuring BGP Routing 3

Part 2 Multiprotocol Layer Switching

Chapter 2 MPLS Overview 201

Chapter 3 Configuring MPLS 267

Chapter 4 Monitoring MPLS 315

Chapter 5 Configuring BGP-MPLS Applications 379

Part 3 Layer 2 Services Over MPLS

Chapter 6 Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview 509

Chapter 7 Configuring Layer 2 Services over MPLS 529

Chapter 8 Monitoring Layer 2 Services over MPLS 563

Part 4 Virtual Private LAN Service

Chapter 9 VPLS Overview 575

Chapter 10 Configuring VPLS 589

Chapter 11 Monitoring VPLS 613

Part 5 Virtual Private Wire Service

Chapter 12 VPWS Overview 645

Chapter 13 Configuring VPWS 657

Chapter 14 Monitoring VPWS 671

Part 6 Index

Index 691

Abbreviated Table of Contents ■ vii

JUNOSe 11.1.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

viii ■

About the Documentation xxxiii

E Series and JUNOSe Documentation and Release Notes ..........................xxxiii

Audience ..................................................................................................xxxiii

E Series and JUNOSe Text and Syntax Conventions ..................................xxxiii

Obtaining Documentation .........................................................................xxxv

Documentation Feedback ..........................................................................xxxv

Requesting Technical Support ....................................................................xxxv

Self-Help Online Tools and Resources ................................................xxxvi

Opening a Case with JTAC ..................................................................xxxvi

Part 1 Border Gateway Protocol

Chapter 1 Configuring BGP Routing 3

Overview .........................................................................................................3

Conventions in This Chapter .....................................................................3

Autonomous Systems ...............................................................................4

BGP Speaker .............................................................................................5

BGP Peers and Neighbors .........................................................................5

BGP Session ..............................................................................................5

IBGP and EBGP .........................................................................................6

Interior Gateway Protocols ........................................................................6

BGP Messages ...........................................................................................7

BGP Route .................................................................................................8

Routing Information Base .........................................................................8

Prefixes and CIDR .....................................................................................9

Path Attributes ........................................................................................10

Transit and Nontransit Service ................................................................11

IPv6 BGP Support ...................................................................................12

Exchange of IPv6 Routing Information over TCP IPv4 ......................12

Exchange of IPv6 Routing Information over TCP IPv6 ......................13

Link-Local Next Hops in MP-BGP Packets .........................................13

Platform Considerations ................................................................................14

References ....................................................................................................14

Features ........................................................................................................16

Before You Configure BGP .............................................................................17

Configuration Tasks .......................................................................................17

Table of Contents ■ ix

JUNOSe 11.1.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Basic Configuration .......................................................................................17

Enabling BGP Routing .............................................................................17

Understanding BGP Command Scope .....................................................18

Inheritance of Configuration Values ........................................................20

Limitations on Inheritance ................................................................24

Setting the BGP Identifier ........................................................................24

Configuring Neighbors ............................................................................25

Configuring BGP Peer Groups ........................................................................26

Setting the Peer Type ..............................................................................28

Assigning a Description ..........................................................................28

Logging Neighbor State Changes .............................................................29

Specifying a Source Address for a BGP Session .......................................30

Specifying Peers That Are Not Directly Connected ..................................31

Specifying a Single-Hop Connection for IBGP Peers ................................33

Controlling the Number of Prefixes .........................................................33

Removing Private AS Numbers from Updates .........................................34

Checking AS Path Length ........................................................................35

Enabling MD5 Authentication on a TCP Connection ...............................36

Setting the Maximum Size of Update Messages ......................................37

Setting Automatic Fallover ......................................................................38

Setting Timers .........................................................................................38

Automatic Summarization of Routes .......................................................39

Administrative Shutdown ........................................................................39

Configuring BGP for Overload Conditions ...............................................40

Enabling Route Storage in Adj-RIBs-Out Tables .......................................41

Effects of Changing Outbound Policies .............................................42

Configuring the Address Family ..............................................................43

Enabling Lenient Behavior ......................................................................46

Configuring Promiscuous Peers and Dynamic Peering ............................47

Configuring Passive Peers .......................................................................49

Advertising Routes ........................................................................................50

Prefixes Originating in an AS ..................................................................50

Advertising Best Routes ..........................................................................52

Redistributing Routes into BGP ...............................................................53

Redistributing Routes from BGP ..............................................................54

Configuring a Default Route ....................................................................55

Advertising Default Routes ...............................................................55

Redistributing Default Routes ...........................................................56

Setting a Static Default Route ...........................................................57

Setting the Minimum Interval Between Routing Updates ........................58

Aggregating Routes .................................................................................59

Advertising Inactive Routes .....................................................................62

Verifying an AS Path ...............................................................................62

Advertising IPv4 Routes Between IPv6 BGP Peers ...................................63

Advertising Routes Conditionally ............................................................63

Advertising a Route Only When Another Route is Present ................66

Advertising a Route Only When Another Route is Absent .................67

Advertising a Default Route Only When Another Route Is

Present ......................................................................................69

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Table of Contents

Configuring BGP Routing Policy .....................................................................70

Types of BGP Route Maps .......................................................................71

Applying Table Maps ...............................................................................81

Access Lists .............................................................................................83

Filtering Prefixes ..............................................................................83

Filtering AS Paths with a Filter List ...................................................87

Filtering AS Paths with a Route Map .................................................90

Configuring the Community Attribute .....................................................92

Community Lists .....................................................................................95

Resetting a BGP Connection ....................................................................98

Changing Policies Without Disruption .....................................................99

Soft Reconfiguration .........................................................................99

Route-Refresh Capability ................................................................100

Cooperative Route Filtering ............................................................100

Configuring Route Flap Dampening ......................................................102

Global Route Flap Dampening ........................................................102

Policy-Based Route Flap Dampening ..............................................104

Policy Testing .......................................................................................105

Selecting the Best Path ................................................................................106

BGP Path Decision Algorithm ................................................................107

Configuring Next-Hop Processing .........................................................107

Next Hops ......................................................................................108

Next-Hop-Self .................................................................................110

Assigning a Weight to a Route ..............................................................112

Using the neighbor weight Command ............................................112

Using a Route Map .........................................................................113

Using an AS-Path Access List ..........................................................113

Configuring the Local-Pref Attribute ......................................................115

Using the bgp default local-preference Command ..........................116

Using a Route Map to Set the Local Preference ...............................117

Understanding the Origin Attribute .......................................................117

Understanding the AS-Path Attribute ....................................................120

Configuring a Local AS ..........................................................................121

Configuring the MED Attribute ..............................................................122

Missing MED Values .......................................................................125

Comparing MED Values Within a Confederation ............................125

Capability Negotiation ...........................................................................126

Cooperative Route Filtering ............................................................127

Dynamic Capability Negotiation .....................................................127

Four-Octet AS Numbers ..................................................................128

Graceful Restarts ............................................................................128

Route Refresh .................................................................................132

Interactions Between BGP and IGPs ............................................................133

Synchronizing BGP with IGPs ................................................................133

Disabling Synchronization ..............................................................134

Setting the Administrative Distance for a Route ....................................136

Configuring Backdoor Routes ................................................................139

Setting the Maximum Number of Equal-Cost Multipaths .......................140

Detecting Peer Reachability with BFD .........................................................141

BFD and BGP Graceful Restart ..............................................................143

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JUNOSe 11.1.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Managing a Large-Scale AS ..........................................................................143

Configuring a Confederation .................................................................144

Configuring Route Reflectors ................................................................148

Route Reflection and Redundancy ..................................................149

Route Reflection and Looping .........................................................150

Configuring BGP Multicasting ......................................................................153

Monitoring BGP Multicast Services ........................................................156

Using BGP Routes for Other Protocols .........................................................156

Configuring BGP/MPLS VPNs .......................................................................157

Testing BGP Policies ....................................................................................157

Monitoring BGP ...........................................................................................158

Part 2 Multiprotocol Layer Switching

Chapter 2 MPLS Overview 201

MPLS Overview ...........................................................................................202

Conventions for MPLS Topics ......................................................................202

MPLS Terms and Acronyms ........................................................................203

MPLS Features .............................................................................................206

MPLS Platform Considerations ....................................................................207

MPLS References .........................................................................................207

MPLS Label Switching and Packet Forwarding ............................................209

MPLS LSRs ............................................................................................210

MPLS Label Switching: Push, Look Up, and Pop ....................................210

MPLS Label Stacking .............................................................................212

MPLS Labels and Label Spaces ..............................................................212

TTL Processing in the Platform Label Space ..........................................213

TTL Processing on Incoming MPLS Packets ....................................214

TTL Processing on Outgoing MPLS Packets ....................................215

MPLS Rules for TTL Expiration .......................................................217

MPLS Label Distribution Methodology .........................................................218

Mapping IP Data Packets onto MPLS LSPs ...................................................220

Statistics for IP Packets Moving On or Off MPLS LSPs .................................222

MPLS Forwarding and Next-Hop Tables ......................................................224

Spoof Checking MPLS Packets .....................................................................225

IP and IPv6 Tunnel Routing Tables and MPLS Tunnels ................................225

Explicit Routing for MPLS ............................................................................226

MPLS Interfaces and Interface Stacking .......................................................227

MPLS Major Interfaces ..........................................................................227

MPLS Minor Interfaces ..........................................................................228

MPLS Shim Interfaces ...........................................................................228

Interface Stacking .................................................................................228

MPLS Label Distribution Protocols ...............................................................229

LDP Messages and Sessions ..................................................................230

RSVP-TE Messages and Sessions ...........................................................231

RSVP-TE State Refresh and Reliability ...................................................232

BGP Signaling .......................................................................................232

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Table of Contents

ECMP Labels for MPLS ................................................................................233

MPLS Connectivity and ECMP ...............................................................233

Supported TLVs .....................................................................................234

MPLS Connectivity Verification and Troubleshooting Methods ....................235

Point-to-Multipoint LSPs Connectivity Verification at Egress Nodes

Overview ..............................................................................................237

Ping Extensions for Point-to-Multipoint LSPs Connectivity Verification at

Egress Nodes ........................................................................................237

RSVP P2MP IPv4 Session Sub-TLV Overview ........................................238

P2MP Responder Identifier TLV Overview ............................................238

Echo Jitter TLV Overview ......................................................................238

Traceroute Overview ............................................................................239

TLVs and Sub-TLVs Supported for Point-to-Multipoint LSPs Connectivity

Verification at Egress Nodes .................................................................239

Echo Jitter TLV Operations ....................................................................239

P2MP Responder Identifier TLV Operations ..........................................240

Egress Address P2MP Responder Identifier Sub-TLVs .....................241

Node Address P2MP Responder Identifier Sub-TLVs .......................241

LDP Discovery Mechanisms ........................................................................242

LDP Basic Discovery Mechanism ..........................................................242

LDP Extended Discovery Mechanism ....................................................242

MPLS Traffic Engineering ............................................................................243

LSP Backup ...........................................................................................243

Path Option ..........................................................................................244

Reoptimization .....................................................................................244

Methods for Configuring RSVP-TE Tunnels ...........................................244

Tracking Resources for MPLS Traffic Engineering .................................244

Starting Admission Control .............................................................245

Admission Control Interface Table .................................................245

Configuring Traffic-Engineering Resources .....................................245

LSP Preemption ....................................................................................246

Topology-Driven LSPs .................................................................................246

LDP over RSVP-TE ................................................................................246

LDP Graceful Restart ...................................................................................247

LDP-IGP Synchronization ............................................................................249

Synchronization Behavior During Graceful Restart ................................250

Synchronization Behavior on LAN Interfaces ........................................251

Synchronization Behavior on IGP Passive Interfaces .............................251

Synchronization and TE Metrics ............................................................251

Determining Peer Reachability with RSVP-TE Hello Messages .....................251

Hello Message Objects ..........................................................................252

Hello Message Instances .......................................................................252

Sequence of Hello Message Exchange ...................................................252

Determination That a Peer Has Reset ...................................................253

Behavior of the Requesting Peer .....................................................253

Behavior of the Acknowledging Peer ..............................................253

Behavior of Both Peers ...................................................................253

RSVP-TE Graceful Restart ............................................................................254

Announcement of the Graceful Restart Capability .................................254

Restarting Behavior ...............................................................................254

Recovery Behavior ................................................................................255

Table of Contents ■ xiii

JUNOSe 11.1.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Preservation of an Established LSP Label ..............................................256

RSVP-TE Hellos Based on Node IDs .............................................................256

BFD Protocol and RSVP-TE ..........................................................................257

Tunneling Model for Differentiated Services Overview ................................258

Pipe and Short Pipe Models ..................................................................258

Uniform Model ......................................................................................259

EXP Bits for Differentiated Services Overview .............................................259

Incoming Traffic ...................................................................................259

Outgoing Traffic ....................................................................................259

Setting the EXP Bits for Outgoing Traffic ...............................................260

Point-to-Multipoint LSPs Overview ..............................................................262

Using E Series Routers as Egress LSRs ..................................................263

Point-to-Multipoint LSPs Configuration ........................................................265

Configuring an E Series Router as an Egress Router ..............................265

Chapter 3 Configuring MPLS 267

Basic MPLS Configuration Tasks ..................................................................268

MPLS Global Configuration Tasks ................................................................269

MPLS Global Tasks ................................................................................269

LDP Global Tasks ..................................................................................270

RSVP-TE Global Tasks ...........................................................................272

LDP and RSVP-TE Interface Profile Configuration Tasks ..............................273

LDP Interface Profile Configuration Tasks and Commands ...................273

RSVP-TE Interface Profile Configuration Tasks and Commands ............273

MPLS Interface Configuration Tasks ............................................................274

MPLS Interface Tasks ............................................................................274

LDP Interface Tasks ..............................................................................275

RSVP-TE Interface Tasks .......................................................................275

MPLS Tunnel Configuration Tasks ...............................................................276

MPLS Tunnel Profile Configuration Tasks ....................................................277

Configuring Explicit Routing for MPLS .........................................................279

Defining Configured Explicit Paths ........................................................280

Specifying Configured Explicit Paths on a Tunnel .................................280

Configuring Dynamic Explicit Paths on a Tunnel ..................................281

Additional LDP Configuration Tasks ............................................................281

Configuring LDP FEC Deaggregation ...........................................................281

Configuring LDP Graceful Restart ................................................................282

Configuring LDP Autoconfiguration .............................................................283

Configuring LDP-IGP Synchronization .........................................................284

Configuring LDP MD5 Authentication ..........................................................285

Controlling LDP Label Distribution ..............................................................286

Additional RSVP-TE Configuration Tasks .....................................................286

Configuring RSVP MD5 Authentication ........................................................287

Configuring RSVP-TE Fast Rerouting with RSVP-TE Bypass Tunnels ............288

Configuration Example .........................................................................290

Fast Reroute over SONET/SDH ..............................................................290

Configuring RSVP-TE Hello Messages to Determine Peer Reachability .........291

Configuring RSVP-TE Graceful Restart .........................................................292

Configuring RSVP-TE Hellos Based on Node IDs ..........................................293

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Configuring the BFD Protocol for RSVP-TE ..................................................294

Configuring IGPs and MPLS .........................................................................295

Configuring IGPs and MPLS ..................................................................296

Configuring the IGPs for Traffic Engineering ...................................297

Configuring MPLS and Differentiated Services .............................................299

Configuring the Tunneling Model for Differentiated Services .......................299

Configuring EXP Bits for Differentiated Services ..........................................300

Example Differentiated Services Application and Configuration ..................300

Differentiated Services Configuration Example .....................................301

Classifying Traffic for Differentiated Services ..............................................303

Configuring Static EXP-to-PHB Mapping ................................................305

Signaled Mapping for RSVP-TE Tunnels ................................................305

Preference of per-VR Versus per-LSP Behavior ......................................308

Example Traffic Class Configuration for Differentiated Services ..................308

Configuration on the Ingress Router .....................................................310

Configuration on the Ingress and Transit Routers .................................311

Configuration on the Transit and Egress Routers ..................................312

Chapter 4 Monitoring MPLS 315

Setting the Baseline for MPLS Statistics .......................................................316

Setting a Baseline for MPLS Major Interface Statistics ...........................316

Enabling and Setting a Baseline for MPLS Forwarding Table

Statistics .........................................................................................317

Enabling and Setting a Baseline for MPLS Next-Hop Table Statistics .....318

Setting a Baseline for MPLS Tunnel Statistics ........................................318

Enabling Statistics Collection for Policies Attached to MPLS Tunnels .....318

Clearing and Re-Creating Dynamic Interfaces from MPLS Major

Interfaces ..............................................................................................319

Clearing and Refreshing IPv4 Dynamic Routes in the Tunnel Routing

Table .....................................................................................................319

Clearing and Refreshing IPv6 Dynamic Routes in the Tunnel Routing

Table .....................................................................................................319

Tracing Paths Through the MPLS User Plane ...............................................320

Monitoring ATM VCs and VPI/VCI Ranges Used for MPLS ............................320

Monitoring Global Call Admission Control Configuration .............................322

Monitoring Interfaces Configured with Traffic Engineering Bandwidth

Accounting ............................................................................................322

Monitoring Virtual Router Configuration ......................................................323

Monitoring IP and IPv6 Tunnel Routing Tables ............................................323

Monitoring LDP ...........................................................................................325

Monitoring MPLS Label Bindings .................................................................327

Monitoring LDP Graceful Restart .................................................................328

Monitoring Interfaces That are Synchronizing with LDP ..............................329

Monitoring LDP Interfaces ...........................................................................330

Monitoring LDP Neighbors ..........................................................................332

Monitoring LDP Profiles ..............................................................................334

Monitoring LDP Statistics ............................................................................335

Monitoring LDP Targeted Hello Receive and Send Lists ...............................337

Monitoring MPLS Status and Configuration .................................................338

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Monitoring MPLS Explicit Paths ...................................................................341

Monitoring the RSVP-TE Bypass Tunnels .....................................................341

Monitoring MPLS Labels Used for Forwarding .............................................342

Monitoring MPLS Interfaces ........................................................................343

Monitoring MPLS Minor Interfaces ..............................................................349

Monitoring MPLS Next Hops .......................................................................351

Monitoring the Configured Mapping between PHB IDs and Traffic Class/Color

Combinations .......................................................................................352

Monitoring RSVP-TE Profiles and MPLS Tunnel Profiles ...............................353

Monitoring RSVP Path State Control Blocks, Reservation State Control Blocks,

or Sessions ............................................................................................354

Monitoring RSVP MD5 Authentication .........................................................358

Monitoring RSVP-TE Interfaces Where BFD is Enabled ................................359

Monitoring RSVP-TE Interface Counters ......................................................360

Monitoring RSVP-TE Graceful Restart ..........................................................362

Monitoring RSVP-TE Hello Adjacency Instances ..........................................363

Monitoring Status and Configuration for MPLS Tunnels ...............................365

Verifying and Troubleshooting MPLS Connectivity ......................................367

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an IP or IPv6 Address ..........368

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an IP or IPv6

Address ..........................................................................................368

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a Martini Circuit ..................368

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a Martini

Circuit ............................................................................................368

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an L3VPN IP or IPv6

Prefix .............................................................................................368

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an L3VPN IP or

IPv6 Prefix .....................................................................................369

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an RSVP-TE Tunnel .............369

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an RSVP-TE

Tunnel ............................................................................................369

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a VPLS Instance ...................369

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a VPLS

Instance .........................................................................................369

Packet Flow Examples for Verifying MPLS Connectivity ..............................369

Packet Flow Examples for MPLS LSPs to an IP Prefix ............................370

Packet Flow Example for the ping mpls Command ........................370

Packet Flow Example for the trace mpls Command .......................372

Packet Flows for ping and trace to L3VPN IPv4 Prefixes .......................373

Inter-AS Topology ...........................................................................375

Packet Flows to L3VPN IPv6 Prefixes ....................................................376

Troubleshooting MTU Problems in Point-to-Point LSPs ................................376

Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-to-Point MPLS LSP Associated

with an IP or IPv6 Address .............................................................377

Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-to-Point MPLS LSP Associated

with an L3VPN IP or IPv6 Prefix .....................................................377

Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-to-Point MPLS LSP Associated

with a Martini Circuit ......................................................................377

Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-to-Point MPLS LSP Associated

with an RSVP-TE Tunnel .................................................................377

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Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-to-Point MPLS LSP Associated

with a VPLS Instance ......................................................................378

Chapter 5 Configuring BGP-MPLS Applications 379

Overview .....................................................................................................379

Address Families ...................................................................................380

Equal-Cost Multipath Support ................................................................381

BGP/MPLS VPN Components ................................................................382

VPN-IPv4 Addresses ..............................................................................385

Route Targets ........................................................................................385

Distribution of Routes and Labels with BGP ..........................................386

Platform Considerations ..............................................................................389

References ..................................................................................................389

Transporting Packets Across an IP Backbone with MPLS .............................390

Configuring IPv6 VPNs ................................................................................394

Intra-AS IPv6 VPNs ......................................................................................395

BGP Control Plane Behavior ..................................................................396

CE–PE Behavior ....................................................................................396

PE–PE Behavior ....................................................................................397

MPLS Data Plane Behavior ....................................................................397

Providing IPv4 VPN Services Across Multiple Autonomous Systems ............397

Inter-AS Option A ..................................................................................398

Inter-AS Option B ..................................................................................398

Inter-AS Option C ..................................................................................402

Inter-AS Option C with Route Reflectors ...............................................404

Providing IPv6 VPN Services Across Multiple Autonomous Systems ............405

Using Route Targets to Configure VPN Topologies .......................................406

Full-Mesh VPNs .....................................................................................406

Hub-and-Spoke VPNs ............................................................................407

Overlapping VPNs .................................................................................408

Constraining Route Distribution with Route-Target Filtering ........................410

Exchanging Route-Target Membership Information ..............................411

Receiving and Sending RT-MEM-NLRI Routing Updates ........................412

Conditions for Advertising RT-MEM-NLRI Routes ..................................414

Advertising a Default Route ..................................................................414

Route Selection When Route-Target Filtering Is Enabled .......................416

Configuring Route-Target Filtering ........................................................417

Multicast Services over VPNs .......................................................................418

Configuring BGP VPN Services ....................................................................418

VRF Configuration Tasks .......................................................................418

PE Router Configuration Tasks ..............................................................420

Creating a VRF ......................................................................................421

Specifying a Route Distinguisher ...........................................................422

Defining Route Targets for VRFs ...........................................................422

Setting Import and Export Maps for a VRF ............................................426

Characteristics of Import and Global Import Maps ..........................427

Characteristics of Export and Global Export Maps ..........................428

Subsequent Distribution of Routes .................................................429

Creating a Map ...............................................................................429

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Export Maps ...................................................................................429

Global Export Maps ........................................................................430

Import Maps ...................................................................................430

Global Import Maps ........................................................................431

Global Export of IPv6 VPN Routes into the Global BGP IPv6 RIB ...........432

Assigning an Interface to a VRF ............................................................432

Defining Secondary Routing Table Lookup ...........................................434

Adding Static Routes to a VRF ...............................................................435

Configuring IGPs on the VRF .................................................................436

Configuring the IGP in the VRF Context ..........................................436

Configuring the IGP Outside the VRF Context .................................437

Disabling Automatic Route-Target Filtering ...........................................438

Creating Labels per FEC ........................................................................438

Configuring PE-to-PE LSPs ....................................................................440

Enabling BGP Routing ...........................................................................440

Enabling BGP ECMP for BGP/MPLS VPNs ..............................................440

Enabling VPN Address Exchange ..........................................................443

Configuring PE-to-CE BGP Sessions .......................................................444

Advertising Static Routes to Customers .................................................445

Advertising IGP Routes to Customers ....................................................445

Disabling the Default Address Family ...................................................446

Using a Single AS Number for All CE Sites ............................................447

Preventing Routing Loops .....................................................................448

Advertising Prefixes with Duplicate AS Numbers ..................................451

Controlling Route Importation ..............................................................452

Deleting Routes for a VRF .....................................................................453

Enabling VRF–to–VR Peering ................................................................454

Achieving Fast Reconvergence in VPN Networks ..................................455

Fast Reconvergence with Unique RDs ............................................456

Fast Reconvergence by Means of Reachability Checking ................457

Configuring BGP to Send Labeled and Unlabeled Unicast Routes ..........458

BGP Next-Hop-Self ................................................................................459

BGP Processing of Received Routes ......................................................460

Labeled Unicast Routes ..................................................................460

Unlabeled Unicast Routes ...............................................................460

Resolving IPv6 Indirect Next Hops .................................................460

Labeled VPN Routes .......................................................................460

BGP Advertising Rules for Labeled and Unlabeled Routes with the Same

AFI .................................................................................................461

Providing Internet Access to and from VPNs ...............................................461

Enabling Traffic Flow from the VPN to the Internet ..............................462

Problems ........................................................................................462

Solutions ........................................................................................462

Configuring a Default Route to a Shared Interface ..........................462

Configuring a Fallback Global Option .............................................463

Configuring a Global Import Map for Specific Routes ......................464

Creating a BGP Session Between the CE Router and the Parent VR .......465

Enabling Traffic Flow from the Internet to the VPN ..............................467

Static Routes to a Shared IP Interface .............................................467

Global Export Map ..........................................................................468

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Carrier-of-Carriers IPv4 VPNs ......................................................................469

Customer Carrier as an Internet Service Provider .................................470

Configuration Steps ........................................................................471

Customer Carrier as a VPN Service Provider .........................................472

Configuration Steps ........................................................................473

Enabling Carrier-of-Carriers Support on a VRF ......................................474

Carrier-of-Carriers Using BGP as the Label Distribution Protocol ...........475

Carrier-of-Carriers IPv6 VPNs ......................................................................475

Connecting IPv6 Islands Across IPv4 Clouds with BGP ................................476

Connecting IPv6 Islands Across Multiple IPv4 Domains ........................477

Configuring IPv6 Tunneling over IPv4 MPLS .........................................478

OSPF and BGP/MPLS VPNs ..........................................................................479

Distributing OSPF Routes from CE Router to PE Router ........................480

Distributing Routes Between PE Routers ...............................................480

Preserving OSPF Routing Information Across the MPLS/VPN

Backbone .......................................................................................480

OSPF Domain Identifier Attribute ...................................................480

OSPF Route Type Attribute .............................................................481

Distributing OSPF Routes from PE Router to CE Router ........................481

Preventing Routing Loops .....................................................................482

Using Remote Neighbors to Configure OSPF Sham Links ......................482

OSPF Backdoor Links .....................................................................483

OSPF Sham Links ...........................................................................483

Configuration Tasks ..............................................................................485

Configuring VPLS ........................................................................................487

Configuring L2VPNs ....................................................................................487

Monitoring BGP/MPLS VPNs ........................................................................487

Part 3 Layer 2 Services Over MPLS

Chapter 6 Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview 509

Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview .........................................................509

Layer 2 Services over MPLS Platform Considerations ..................................510

Module Requirements ...........................................................................510

Interface Specifiers ...............................................................................511

Layer 2 Services over MPLS References ......................................................511

Layer 2 Services over MPLS Implementation ...............................................512

Local Cross-Connects Between Layer 2 Interfaces Using MPLS ....................513

MPLS Shim Interfaces for Layer 2 Services over MPLS ................................513

Multiple Layer 2 Services over MPLS ...........................................................515

ATM Layer 2 Services over MPLS ................................................................515

AAL5 Encapsulation ..............................................................................516

OAM Cells .............................................................................................516

QoS Classification ...........................................................................517

Limitations .....................................................................................517

Control Word Support ....................................................................517

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VCC Cell Relay Encapsulation ...............................................................518

AAL0 Raw Cell Mode ......................................................................518

Cell Concatenation Parameters .......................................................518

Cell Concatenation and Latency .....................................................518

Control Word Support ....................................................................519

Unsupported Features ....................................................................519

HDLC Layer 2 Services over MPLS ...............................................................519

Interface Stacking .................................................................................520

Encapsulation .......................................................................................520

Control Word Support ...........................................................................520

Local Cross-Connects ............................................................................520

CE-Side MPLS L2VPNs over LAG Overview ..................................................521

Ethernet Raw Mode Encapsulation for Martini Layer 2 Transport

Overview ..............................................................................................522

S-VLAN Subinterface with an Untagged C-VLAN ID Overview ......................524

Multiple ATM Virtual Circuits over a Single Pseudowire Overview ...............524

Guidelines for Configuring VPI/VCI Ranges of ATM Virtual Circuits .......527

Guidelines for Configuring Cell Concatenation and Cell Packing Timer

for an ATM Port ..............................................................................528

Performance Impact and Scalability Considerations .............................528

Chapter 7 Configuring Layer 2 Services over MPLS 529

Before You Configure Layer 2 Services over MPLS ......................................529

Configuring Frame Relay Layer 2 Services ..................................................530

Configuring Interoperation with Legacy Frame Relay Layer 2 Services ........530

Configuring Ethernet/VLAN Layer 2 Services ...............................................531

Configuring S-VLAN Tunnels for Layer 2 Services ........................................532

Configuring Local Cross-Connects Between Ethernet/VLAN Interfaces .........533

Configuring Local ATM Cross-Connects with AAL5 Encapsulation ...............534

Configuring an MPLS Pseudowire with VCC Cell Relay Encapsulation .........536

Configuring HDLC Layer 2 Services .............................................................538

Configuring Local Cross-Connects for HDLC Layer 2 Services ...............539

Configuring CE-Side Load Balancing for Martini Layer 2 Transport ..............540

Configuring Many Shim Interfaces with the Same Peer, VC Type, and

VC ID ..............................................................................................540

Configuring Load-Balancing Groups ......................................................542

MPLS Interfaces and Labels ............................................................543

Configuring Load-Balancing Groups ................................................543

Adding a Member Interface to a Group Circuit ...............................543

Removing Member Subinterfaces from a Circuit ............................543

Frame Relay over MPLS Configuration Example ..........................................544

MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over VLAN over LAG Configuration Example ..............547

Configuration on CE1 (Local CE Router) ................................................548

Configuration on PE1 (Local PE Router) ................................................548

Configuration on PE2 (Remote PE Router) ............................................549

Configuration on CE2 (Remote CE Router) ............................................550

MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG Configuration Example ................................551

Configuration on CE1 (Local CE Router) ................................................552

Configuration on PE1 (Local PE Router) ................................................552

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Configuration on PE2 (Remote PE Router) ............................................553

Configuration on CE2 (Remote CE Router) ............................................554

Ethernet Raw Mode Encapsulation for Martini Layer 2 Transport

Examples ..............................................................................................554

S-VLAN Subinterface with an Untagged C-VLAN ID Examples .....................557

Multiple ATM Virtual Circuits over a Single Pseudowire Example ................560

Chapter 8 Monitoring Layer 2 Services over MPLS 563

Setting Baselines for Layer 2 Services over MPLS Statistics .........................563

Monitoring ATM Martini Cell Packing Timers for Layer 2 Services over

MPLS ....................................................................................................564

Monitoring ATM Subinterfaces for Layer 2 Services over MPLS ...................564

Monitoring ATM Cross-Connects for Layer 2 Services over MPLS ................566

Monitoring MPLS Forwarding for Layer 2 Services over MPLS .....................567

Monitoring MPLS Layer 2 Interfaces for Layer 2 Services over MPLS ...........568

Part 4 Virtual Private LAN Service

Chapter 9 VPLS Overview 575

VPLS Overview ............................................................................................575

VPLS Components .......................................................................................576

VPLS Domains ......................................................................................576

Customer Edge Devices ........................................................................577

VPLS Edge Devices ...............................................................................577

VPLS and Transparent Bridging ...................................................................577

BGP Signaling for VPLS ................................................................................579

LDP Signaling for VPLS ................................................................................579

Targeted Sessions .................................................................................579

PWid FEC Element TLV .........................................................................580

BGP Multihoming for VPLS ..........................................................................580

Selecting the Designated VE Device for a Multihomed Site ...................582

Multihoming Reaction to Failures in the Network .................................584

VPLS Supported Features ............................................................................585

VPLS Platform Considerations .....................................................................585

Module Requirements ...........................................................................585

Interface Specifiers ...............................................................................586

VPLS References .........................................................................................586

Chapter 10 Configuring VPLS 589

Before You Configure VPLS .........................................................................589

Configuration Tasks for VPLS with BGP Signaling ........................................590

Configuring VPLS Instances with BGP Signaling ..........................................590

Configuring BGP Multihoming for VPLS .......................................................593

Configuring Optional Attributes for VPLS Instances .....................................593

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Configuring VPLS Network Interfaces ..........................................................594

Configuring Subscriber Policies for VPLS Network Interfaces ......................595

Network Interface Types .......................................................................596

Default Subscriber Policies ....................................................................596

Modifying Subscriber Policies ...............................................................597

Considerations for VPLS Network Interfaces .........................................597

Configuring the Loopback Interface and Router ID for VPLS ........................598

Configuring MPLS LSPs for VPLS .................................................................599

Configuring BGP Signaling for VPLS ............................................................600

VPLS Configuration Example with BGP Signaling ........................................601

Topology Overview of VPLS with BGP Signaling ...................................602

Configuration on PE 1 (Local PE Router) ...............................................603

Configuration on PE 2 (Remote PE Router) ...........................................604

Configuration Tasks for VPLS with LDP Signaling ........................................605

Configuring VPLS Instances with LDP Signaling ...........................................606

Configuring LDP Signaling for VPLS .............................................................607

Configuring Routing in the Core Network for VPLS ......................................608

VPLS Configuration Example with LDP Signaling ........................................608

Topology Overview of VPLS with LDP Signaling ....................................609

Configuration on PE 1 (Local PE Router) ...............................................609

Configuration on PE 2 (Remote PE Router) ...........................................610

Chapter 11 Monitoring VPLS 613

Setting a Baseline for VPLS Statistics ...........................................................614

Setting a Baseline for a VPLS Instance ..................................................614

Setting a Baseline for a Network Interface Associated with a VPLS

Instance .........................................................................................614

Setting a Baseline for the VPLS Virtual Core Interface Associated with a

VPLS Instance .................................................................................614

Clearing Dynamic MAC Addresses from the VPLS Forwarding Table ...........615

Clearing All Dynamic MAC Addresses from the VPLS Forwarding

Table ..............................................................................................615

Clearing a Specific Dynamic MAC Address from the VPLS Forwarding

Table ..............................................................................................615

Clearing All Dynamic MAC Addresses for a Network Interface Associated

with a VPLS Instance from the VPLS Forwarding Table ..................615

Clearing All Dynamic MAC Addresses for the VPLS Virtual Core Interface

Associated with A VPLS Instance ....................................................616

Clearing BGP Attributes for VPLS .................................................................616

Clearing BGP Reachability Information for the L2VPN Address

Family ............................................................................................616

Clearing BGP Route Flap Dampening Information for the L2VPN Address

Family ............................................................................................616

Clearing BGP Route Flap Dampening Information for the VPWS Address

Family ............................................................................................617

Clearing the Wait for the End-of-RIB Marker for the L2VPN Address

Family ............................................................................................617

Monitoring Bridging-Related Settings for VPLS ............................................617

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Monitoring VPLS Configuration and Statistics for a Specific VPLS

Instance ................................................................................................618

Monitoring VPLS Configuration and Statistics for all VPLS Instances ...........620

Monitoring Configuration, Statistics, and Status for VPLS Network

Interfaces ..............................................................................................622

Monitoring Configuration, Statistics, and Status for VPLS Core Interfaces ....625

Monitoring Configuration, Statistics, and Status for VPLS Ports ...................627

Monitoring MAC Address Entries for a Specific VPLS Instance .....................629

Monitoring Subscriber Policy Rules .............................................................630

Monitoring BGP-Related Settings for VPLS ...................................................631

Monitoring Layer 2 NLRI for VPLS Instances ...............................................632

Monitoring BGP Next Hops for VPLS ...........................................................635

Monitoring LDP-Related Settings for VPLS ...................................................636

Monitoring MPLS-Related Settings for VPLS .................................................637

Monitoring VPLS-Specific Settings ...............................................................638

Part 5 Virtual Private Wire Service

Chapter 12 VPWS Overview 645

VPWS Overview ..........................................................................................645

BGP Signaling for L2VPNs ...........................................................................647

VPWS Components .....................................................................................648

VPWS Instances ....................................................................................648

Customer Edge Devices ........................................................................649

VPWS Provider Edge Devices ................................................................649

VPWS and BGP/MPLS VPNs .........................................................................649

BGP Multihoming for VPWS ........................................................................650

Selecting the Designated VE Device for a Multihomed Site ...................652

Multihoming Reaction to Failures in the Network .................................654

VPWS Supported Features ...........................................................................655

VPWS Platform Considerations ...................................................................655

Module Requirements ...........................................................................655

Interface Specifiers ...............................................................................656

VPWS References ........................................................................................656

Chapter 13 Configuring VPWS 657

Before You Configure VPWS ........................................................................657

VPWS Configuration Tasks ..........................................................................658

Configuring a VPWS Instance ......................................................................659

Configuring BGP Multihoming for VPWS .....................................................661

Configuring Customer-Facing Interfaces in the VPWS Instance ...................661

Configuring a Local Cross-Connect for VPWS ..............................................662

Configuring the Loopback Interface and Router ID for BGP for VPWS .........663

Configuring BGP Signaling for VPWS ...........................................................664

Configuring MPLS LSPs for VPWS ................................................................665

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VPWS Configuration Example .....................................................................666

Topology Overview ...............................................................................667

Configuration on PE 1 (Local PE Router) ...............................................667

Configuration on PE 2 (Remote PE Router) ...........................................668

Chapter 14 Monitoring VPWS 671

Clearing BGP Attributes for VPWS ...............................................................671

Clearing BGP Reachability Information for the L2VPN Address

Family ............................................................................................672

Clearing BGP Route Flap Dampening Information for the L2VPN Address

Family ............................................................................................672

Clearing the Wait for the End-of-RIB Marker for the L2VPN Address

Family ............................................................................................672

Monitoring BGP-Related Settings for VPWS L2VPNs ....................................673

Monitoring BGP Next Hops for VPWS L2VPNs .............................................677

Monitoring VPWS Connections ....................................................................679

Monitoring VPWS Instances ........................................................................681

Monitoring L2VPN Interfaces for VPWS .......................................................684

Monitoring MPLS Forwarding Table for VPWS .............................................686

Part 6 Index

Index ...........................................................................................................691

xxiv ■ Table of Contents

List of Figures

Part 1 Border Gateway Protocol

Chapter 1 Configuring BGP Routing 3

Figure 1: BGP Peers .........................................................................................5

Figure 2: Internal and External BGP ................................................................6

Figure 3: Interior Gateway Protocols ...............................................................7

Figure 4: Routing Without CIDR ....................................................................10

Figure 5: Routing with CIDR ..........................................................................10

Figure 6: Transit Service ................................................................................12

Figure 7: Nontransit Service ..........................................................................12

Figure 8: IPv6 Routing over TCP IPv4 ............................................................13

Figure 9: IPv6 Routing over TCP IPv6 ............................................................13

Figure 10: Configuring Neighbors ..................................................................25

Figure 11: BGP Peer Groups ..........................................................................27

Figure 12: Using EBGP-Multihop ....................................................................32

Figure 13: Prefixes Originating in an AS ........................................................51

Figure 14: Redistributing Routes into BGP .....................................................53

Figure 15: Advertising a Default Route ..........................................................56

Figure 16: Setting a Static Default Route .......................................................58

Figure 17: Configuring Aggregate Addresses .................................................59

Figure 18: Advertising a Route When Another Route is Present ....................66

Figure 19: Advertising a Route When Another Route is Absent .....................68

Figure 20: Advertising a Default Route When Another Route is Present ........70

Figure 21: Filtering with Access Lists .............................................................84

Figure 22: Filtering Routes with an Access List ..............................................84

Figure 23: Filtering with AS-Path Access Lists ................................................88

Figure 24: Assigning a Filter List ....................................................................89

Figure 25: Route Map Filtering ......................................................................91

Figure 26: Communities ................................................................................93

Figure 27: Community Lists ..........................................................................96

Figure 28: Configuring Next-Hop Processing ...............................................108

Figure 29: Next-Hop Behavior for Broadcast Multiaccess Media ..................110

Figure 30: Next-Hop Behavior for Nonbroadcast Multiaccess Media ............110

Figure 31: Assigning a Weight to a Neighbor Connection ............................112

Figure 32: Configuring the Local-Preference Attribute .................................116

Figure 33: The Origin Attribute ....................................................................118

Figure 34: AS-Path Attributes ......................................................................121

Figure 35: Configuring the MED ..................................................................122

Figure 36: Synchronization ..........................................................................134

Figure 37: Disabling Synchronization ..........................................................135

Figure 38: Administrative Distances ............................................................138

Figure 39: Administrative Distance and Synchronization ............................139

Figure 40: Backdoor Route ..........................................................................140

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Figure 41: A Fully Meshed Autonomous System ..........................................145

Figure 42: A Confederation of Subautonomous Systems .............................146

Figure 43: Simple Route Reflection .............................................................149

Figure 44: Route Reflection: Logical Redundancy ........................................149

Figure 45: Route Reflection: Physical and Logical Redundancy ...................150

Figure 46: BGP Route Reflection ..................................................................151

Part 2 Multiprotocol Layer Switching

Chapter 2 MPLS Overview 201

Figure 47: Simple MPLS Domain .................................................................210

Figure 48: Label Switching ..........................................................................211

Figure 49: Label Stacking ............................................................................212

Figure 50: Shim Header ...............................................................................213

Figure 51: TTL Processing on Incoming MPLS Packets ................................215

Figure 52: TTL Processing on Outgoing MPLS Packets .................................217

Figure 53: LSP Creation, Downstream-on-Demand, Ordered Control ..........219

Figure 54: LSP Creation, Downstream-Unsolicited, Independent Control ....220

Figure 55: Explicit Routing in an MPLS Domain ..........................................227

Figure 56: MPLS Interface Stacking for the Platform Label Space ................228

Figure 57: MPLS Interface Stacking for the Interface Label Space ................229

Figure 58: LDP Tunneled Through an RSVP-TE Core ...................................247

Figure 59: Flow for Initial Setting of EXP Bits for the First Label Pushed .....261

Figure 60: Flow for Setting EXP Bits for All Pushed Labels ...........................262

Figure 61: Simple MPLS Domain .................................................................264

Chapter 3 Configuring MPLS 267

Figure 62: FEC Aggregation and Equal-Cost Paths .......................................282

Figure 63: Bypass Tunnel ............................................................................289

Figure 64: Differentiated Services over an MPLS Network ...........................301

Figure 65: Associations Between PHB ID, EXP Bits, and Traffic

Classes/Colors .......................................................................................306

Figure 66: Signaled Mapping .......................................................................307

Chapter 4 Monitoring MPLS 315

Figure 67: Sample MPLS L3VPN Topology ...................................................370

Chapter 5 Configuring BGP-MPLS Applications 379

Figure 68: ECMP BGP/MPLS VPN Scenario ..................................................382

Figure 69: BGP/MPLS VPN Scenario .............................................................383

Figure 70: BGP/MPLS VPN Components ......................................................384

Figure 71: Route and Label Distribution ......................................................386

Figure 72: Standard and Extended BGP Update Messages ...........................388

Figure 73: BGP/MPLS VPN Route Exchange .................................................390

Figure 74: LSP Creation for BGP/MPLS VPN .................................................392

Figure 75: Traffic Across the MPLS Backbone of a BGP/MPLS VPN ..............393

Figure 76: IPv6 VPN Services over IPv4 MPLS .............................................396

Figure 77: Inter-AS Topology with VRFs on Each AS Boundary Router ........398

Figure 78: Inter-AS Topology with End-to-End Stacked MPLS Tunnels .........399

Figure 79: Topology for Three-label Stack Configuration for Inter-AS Option

C ...........................................................................................................402

Figure 80: Topology for Inter-AS Option C with Route Reflectors ................404

Figure 81: Inter-AS IPv6 VPN Services .........................................................405

xxvi ■ List of Figures

List of Figures

Figure 82: Site Connectivity in a Full-Mesh VPN ..........................................406

Figure 83: Route Target Configuration for a Full-Mesh VPN .........................407

Figure 84: Site Connectivity in a Hub-and-Spoke VPN .................................407

Figure 85: Route Target Configuration for a Hub-and-Spoke VPN ................408

Figure 86: Site Connectivity in an Overlapping VPN ....................................408

Figure 87: Route Target Configuration for an Overlapping VPN ...................409

Figure 88: Overlapping VPNs on a Single PE ...............................................409

Figure 89: Fully Meshed VPNs .....................................................................424

Figure 90: Hub-and-Spoke VPN ...................................................................426

Figure 91: Import and Export Maps .............................................................427

Figure 92: Configuring Static Routes ............................................................436

Figure 93: BGP/MPLS VPN IBGP Example ....................................................441

Figure 94: BGP/MPLS VPN EIBGP Example ..................................................442

Figure 95: PE-to-CE Session .........................................................................444

Figure 96: Network with Potential Routing Loops ........................................449

Figure 97: Preventing Potential Routing Loops in the Network ....................450

Figure 98: Allowing Local AS in VPNv4 Address Family ...............................451

Figure 99: Topology for Fast Reconvergence by Means of Unique VRF RDs,

Before Tunnels Go Down ......................................................................456

Figure 100: Topology for Fast Reconvergence by Means of Reachability

Checking, After Tunnels Go Down ........................................................457

Figure 101: Static Default Route for Internet Access ....................................463

Figure 102: Fallback Global Option ..............................................................464

Figure 103: Global Import Map Applied to Routes Imported from VRF BGP

RIB ........................................................................................................465

Figure 104: BGP Session Between CE Router and Parent VR .......................466

Figure 105: Static Route to Shared IP Interface ...........................................468

Figure 106: Global Export Map Applied to Routes Exported from VRF BGP

RIB ........................................................................................................469

Figure 107: Carrier-of-Carriers Internet Service ...........................................471

Figure 108: Carrier-of-Carriers VPN Service .................................................473

Figure 109: Carrier-of-Carrier IPv6 VPNs .....................................................475

Figure 110: IPv6 Tunneled over MPLS-IPv4 .................................................476

Figure 111: IPv6 Tunneled Across IPv4 Domains ........................................477

Figure 112: OSPF Topology with Backdoor Link ..........................................482

Figure 113: OSPF Sham Link .......................................................................484

Part 3 Layer 2 Services Over MPLS

Chapter 6 Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview 509

Figure 114: Layer 2 Services over a Provider’s MPLS Network ....................510

Figure 115: Common ISP Network ..............................................................515

Figure 116: E Series Router Replacing Remote ATM Switch ........................516

Figure 117: AAL5 Pseudowire and MPLS Tunnel .........................................516

Figure 118: CE-Side MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG .....................................521

Chapter 7 Configuring Layer 2 Services over MPLS 529

Figure 119: Local Cross-Connect Between Ethernet/VLAN Interfaces ...........533

Figure 120: CE-Side Load-Balancing Topology .............................................542

Figure 121: Sample Frame Relay over MPLS Configuration .........................544

List of Figures ■ xxvii

JUNOSe 11.1.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Figure 122: MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over VLAN over LAG Configuration

Example ...............................................................................................548

Figure 123: MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG Configuration Example .............551

Figure 124: MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG Configuration Example .............555

Figure 125: Ethernet Packet Distribution over Martini Circuits ....................556

Figure 126: Martini Circuit with Two Pseudowires Between PE-Facing

Routers .................................................................................................558

Figure 127: Martini Circuit Deployment for Transmission of Multiple ATM

VCs over a SIngle Pseudowire ...............................................................560

Part 4 Virtual Private LAN Service

Chapter 9 VPLS Overview 575

Figure 128: VPLS Sample Topology .............................................................576

Chapter 10 Configuring VPLS 589

Figure 129: Topology for VPLS Configuration Example with BGP

Signaling ...............................................................................................602

Figure 130: Topology for VPLS Configuration Example with LDP

Signaling ...............................................................................................609

Part 5 Virtual Private Wire Service

Chapter 12 VPWS Overview 645

Figure 131: VPWS Sample Topology ...........................................................646

Figure 132: VPWS Components ..................................................................648

Chapter 13 Configuring VPWS 657

Figure 133: VPWS Cross-Connects ..............................................................662

Figure 134: Topology for VPWS Configuration Example ..............................666

xxviii ■ List of Figures

List of Tables

About the Documentation xxxiii

Table 1: Notice Icons ................................................................................xxxiv

Table 2: Text and Syntax Conventions ......................................................xxxiv

Part 1 Border Gateway Protocol

Chapter 1 Configuring BGP Routing 3

Table 3: Conventions for BGP Terms ...............................................................4

Table 4: Cease Notification Message Subcodes ................................................8

Table 5: Commands Affecting BGP Globally ..................................................18

Table 6: Commands Affecting All Address Families in a VRF .........................18

Table 7: Commands Affecting the Current Address Family ...........................19

Table 8: Commands Affecting All Address Families for the Specified Peer or

Peer Group ..............................................................................................19

Table 9: Commands Affecting Only the Current Address Family for the

Specified Peer or Peer Group ..................................................................20

Table 10: Behavior of Neighbor Commands ..................................................21

Table 11: Inheritance from Other Commands ...............................................22

Table 12: Commands That Do Not Override Inherited Outbound Policy .......24

Table 13: Source Addresses and Default Next Hop Addresses for Various

Configurations ........................................................................................31

Table 14: Commands That Create Match-and-Set Route Maps .......................71

Table 15: Clauses Supported in BGP Match-and-Set Route Maps ...................71

Table 16: Commands That Create Match-Only Route Maps ...........................72

Table 17: Clauses Not Supported in BGP Route Maps ....................................72

Table 18: Set Clauses Supported in Route Maps Applied with the Table-Map

Command ...............................................................................................81

Table 19: Action Based on Well-Known Community Membership .................92

Table 20: Origin and AS Path for Routes Viewed on Different Routers ........119

Table 21: Default Administrative Distances for Route Sources .....................136

Part 2 Multiprotocol Layer Switching

Chapter 2 MPLS Overview 201

Table 22: Conventions for MPLS Terms .......................................................202

Table 23: MPLS Terms and Acronyms .........................................................204

Table 24: TLVs Supported by MPLS LSP ping ..............................................234

Table 25: Sub-TLVs Supported for the Target FEC Stack TLV .......................235

Table 26: Sub-TLVs Supported for the P2MP Responder Identifier TLV .......240

Table 27: Summary of LDP Graceful Restart States .....................................248

Chapter 3 Configuring MPLS 267

List of Tables ■ xxix

JUNOSe 11.1.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Table 28: Configuration Tasks by Type of Network .....................................268

Table 29: Incoming L-LSP PHB Determination ............................................303

Table 30: Examples of Incoming L-LSP PHB Determination ........................304

Table 31: Outgoing L-LSP PHB Determination .............................................304

Table 32: Differentiated Services Mapping ..................................................309

Chapter 4 Monitoring MPLS 315

Table 33: show atm vc Output Fields ..........................................................321

Table 34: show cac interface Output Fields .................................................322

Table 35: show ip tunnel route and show ipv6 tunnel-route Output

Fields ....................................................................................................325

Table 36: show ldp Output Fields ................................................................326

Table 37: show ldp binding and show mpls binding Output Fields ..............328

Table 38: show ldp graceful restart Output Fields ........................................328

Table 39: show ldp igp-sync Output Fields ..................................................329

Table 40: show ldp interface Output Fields .................................................330

Table 41: show ldp neighbor Output Fields .................................................333

Table 42: show ldp profile Output Fields .....................................................335

Table 43: show ldp statistics Output Fields ..................................................336

Table 44: show ldp targeted session Output Fields ......................................338

Table 45: show mpls Output Fields .............................................................339

Table 46: show mpls explicit-paths Output Fields ........................................341

Table 47: show mpls fast-reroute Output Fields ...........................................342

Table 48: show mpls forwarding Output Fields ...........................................343

Table 49: show mpls interface Output Fields ...............................................347

Table 50: show mpls minor-interface Output Fields ....................................351

Table 51: show mpls next-hop Output Fields ...............................................352

Table 52: show mpls phb-id Output Fields ..................................................353

Table 53: show mpls profile Output Fields ..................................................354

Table 54: show mpls rsvp Output Fields ......................................................355

Table 55: show mpls rsvp authentication Output Fields ..............................358

Table 56: show mpls rsvp bfd interfaces Output Fields ...............................359

Table 57: show mpls rsvp counters Output Fields .......................................360

Table 58: show mpls rsvp hello graceful restart Output Fields .....................362

Table 59: show mpls rsvp hello instance Output Fields ...............................364

Table 60: show mpls tunnels Output Fields .................................................366

Chapter 5 Configuring BGP-MPLS Applications 379

Table 61: Route-Target Filtering Advertisement Rules for Routes Received

from Peers ............................................................................................412

Table 62: Characteristics of Import and Global Import Maps .......................428

Table 63: Characteristics of Export and Global Export Maps ........................428

Table 64: Resolution of Indirect Next Hops .................................................460

Table 65: Advertising Action Taken Following Best Route Selection ............461

Table 66: Route Types and Route Origins ....................................................481

Part 3 Layer 2 Services Over MPLS

Chapter 7 Configuring Layer 2 Services over MPLS 529

Table 67: Martini Circuit Scenarios Without Ethernet Raw Mode .................555

Table 68: Martini Circuit Scenarios with Ethernet Raw Mode ......................556

Chapter 8 Monitoring Layer 2 Services over MPLS 563

xxx ■ List of Tables

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