Information in this document is provided in connection with Intel products. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual
property rights is granted by this document. Except as provided in Intel’s Terms and Conditions of Sale for such products, Intel assumes no liability
whatsoever, and Intel disclaims any express or implied warranty, relating to sale and/or use of Intel products including liability or warranties relating to
fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or infringement of any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right. Intel products are not
intended for use in medical, life saving, or life sustaining applications.
Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice.
Designers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked "reserved" or "undefined." Intel reserves these for
future definition and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to them.
The IQ80960RM/RN may contain design defects or errors known as errata which may cause the product to deviate from published specifications.
Current characterized errata are available on request.
Contact your local Intel sales office or your distributor to obtain the latest specifications and before placing your product order.
Copies of documents which have an ordering number and are referenced in this document, or other Intel literature may be obtained by calling 1-800-
548-4725 or by visiting Intel’s website at http://www.intel.com.
This manual describes the IQ80960RM and IQ80960RN eva luation platforms for Intel’s i960®
RM/RN I/O processor. The i960 RM/RN I/O processors combine an 80960JT core with two PCI
bus interfaces, as well as a memory controller, DMA channels, an interrupt controller interface, and
2
C serial bus. The difference between the two processors is that the 80960RN utilizes 64-bit
an I
primary PCI and secondary P CI bus es while the 80960RM utilizes both a 32-bit primary and
secondary PCI bus . The IQ8096 0RM a nd IQ80960RN pl at forms are full-l ength PCI adapte r boards
and are 8.9” in height to ac commodate four standard PCI connectors on the secondary PCI bus.
The boards can be installed in any PCI host system that complies with the PCI Local Bus Specificati on Revision 2.1. PCI devices can be connected to the secondary bus to build powerful
intelligent I/O subsystems.
1.1i960® RM/RN I/O Processor and IQ80960RM/RN
Features
The i960 RM/RN I/O processor serves as the mai n component of a high performance , PCI-based
intelligent I/O subsystem. The IQ80960RM and IQ80960RN pla tforms allow the developer to
connect PCI devices to the i960 RM/RN I/O processors using the four secondary PCI expansion
connectors. The features of the IQ80960RM and IQ80960RN platforms are enumerated below and
shown in Figure 1-1 and Figu re 1-2.
• i960 RM/RN I/O processor
• Modified PCI long-card form factor
• 64-bit or 32-bit primary PCI bus interface (80960RM 32-bit only)
• 64-bit or 32-bit secondary PCI bus connected to the pri mary P CI interface with a PCI-to-PCI
bridge (80960RM 32-bit only)
• DMA channels on both PCI buses
2
• I
C Serial Bus
• 168-pin, 3.3V DIMM socket supporting 16 to 128 Mbytes of Synchronous DRAM organized
x72 to support Error Correction Code (ECC) and clocked at 66 MHz (ships with 16 M/ECC
installed)
• Serial console port based on 16C550 UART
• Eight user-programmable LEDs
• 3 Indicator LEDs: processor has passed self-test, 3.3 V is supplied to SDRAM, and 3.3 V is
supplied to sec ondary PCI slots
• Flash ROM, 2 Mbytes
• Logic analyzer connectors for SDRAM bus, ROM bus and secondary PCI arbitration signals
• Fan heatsink monitor circuit
• Battery bac kup for SDRAM
• JTAG header
1.2Software Development Tools
A number of software development tools are availab le for the i960® processor family1. This
man ua l provi d es in f orma ti o n on two so f t w a re developme n t toolsets: Wind Ri ver Sys tem’s
Tornado* for I
through the inf ormation in this chapter and in Chapter 2 to gain a general understanding of how to
use your tools with thi s boa rd.
0* and Intel’s CTOOLS. If you are using other software development tools, read
2
1. To view the electronic tools catalog, access http://developer.intel.com/design/develop.htm/ from the web.
IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Ma nual1-3
Introduction
1.3Tornado* for I20* Software Development Toolset
T orna do for I
compiler, assembler, linker, and debugger. It also features a real-time operating system.
0 is a complete toolset featuring an integrated development environment including a
2
1.3.1IxWorks* Real-Time Operating System
The IQ80960RM/RN platforms are equipped with Wind River Systems, Inc.’s IxWorks*. IxWorks
provides for the elements of the I
protocols, and executive modules for configuration and control. IxWorks also allows for the
writing of basic devi ce drivers and provides NOS-to-driver independence. TORNADO for I
provides a visual environment for building, testing and debugging of I
O standard: an event-driven driver framework, host message
2
1.3.2TORNADO Build Tools
TORNADO for I2O includes a coll ection of supporting tools tha t provide a complete development
tool chain. These include the compiler, assembler, linker and bina ry utilities. Als o provided is a n
O module builder, which crea tes I2O-loadable modules .
I
2
1.3.3TORNADO Test and Debug Tools
TORNADO for I2O test and deb ug t ools i nclude th e dynamic l oader, the CrossWi nd∗ debugger , the
WindSh* interactive shell, and a system browser.
The dynamic loader allows for interactive loading, testing, and replacement of individu al object
modules that comprise a driver.
O drivers.
2
O
2
CrossWind is an extended version of GDB960. Using it you can debug I
breakpoints on desired I
locals, stack frame, memory and so on.
WindSh allows you to commun icate to the IQ80960RM/RN platform via an RS-232 serial port.
The IQ80960RM/RN pla tform supports port speeds from 300 to 115,200 bps. The shell can be
used to:
• control and monitor I
O components. A variety of windows display source code, registers,
2
O drivers
2
O drivers by setting
2
• format, send and receiv e d river messages
• examine hardware registe rs
• run automated I
The shell also provides essential debugging capabilities; including brea kpoints, single stepping,
stack checking, and disassembly.
O test suites
2
1-4I Q80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Manu al
1.4CTOOLS Software Development Too ls et
Intel’s i960 processor software development toolset, CTOOLS, features advanced
C/C++ - language compilers for the i960 processor family. CTOOLS development toolset is
available for Windows* 95/NT-based systems and a variety of UNIX workstation hosts. These
products provide execution pr ofiling and instruction scheduling optimizat ions and include an
assembler, a linker, and utilities designed for embedded proc essor software developm ent.
1.4.1CTOOLS and the MON960 Debug Monitor
In place of IxWorks, the IQ80960RM/RN platform can be equippe d with Intel’s MON960, an
on-board softwa re monitor that allows you to execute and debug programs written for i960
processors in a non-I
step, memory display, and other useful functions for runnin g and de bugging a program.
The IQ80960RM/RN platform works with the source-level debuggers provided with CTOOLS,
including GDB960 (command line version) and GDB960V (GUI version).
1.4.1.1MON960 Host Communications
MON960 allows you to communicate and download programs developed for the IQ80960RM/RN
platform across a host system’s s erial port or PCI interface. The IQ80960RM/RN platform supports
two methods of communication: terminal emulation and Host Debugger Interface (HDI).
2
O environment. The monitor provides program download, bre akpoint, single
Introduction
1.4.1.2Terminal Emulation Method
Terminal emulation software on your host system can communicate to MON960 on the
IQ80960RM/RN platform via an RS-232 serial port. The IQ80960RM/RN platform s upports port
speeds from 300 to 115,200 bps. Serial downl oads to MON960 require that the terminal emulation
software support th e XMODEM proto col.
Configure the serial port on the host system for 300-115,200 baud, 8 bits, one stop bit, no parity
with XON/XOFF flow control.
1.4.1.3Host Debugger Interface (HDI) Method
You may use a source-l evel debugger, such as Intel’s GDB960 a nd GDB960V to establish seria l or
PCI communications with the IQ80960RM/RN platform. The MON960 Host Debugger Interface
(HDI) provides a defined mess aging layer between MON960 and the debugger. For more
information on this interface, see the MON960 Debug Monitor User’s Manual (484290).
HDI connection requests cannot be detected by MON960 if the user has already initiated a
connection using a terminal emula tor. In this case, the IQ80960RM/RN platform must be reset
before the debugger can connect to MON960.
1.5SPI610 JTAG Emulation System
The SPI610 JTAG Emulation System from Spectrum Digital, Inc. is included in the
IQ80960RM/RN development kit. It fur nishes the default host development environment-toevaluation board communication link based on the i960 RM/R N I/O processor JTAG interface.
IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Ma nual1-5
Introduction
Refer to the SPI610 Referen ce Manual for JTAG emulation system installation and operation for
both the Tornado and CTOOLS environment. Op tionally, evaluation board serial port
communications can be used for thi s com municati on link (s ee Secti on 1.3.3, “TORNADO Test and
Debug Tools” on page 1-4).
1.6About Thi s M a nu a l
A brief description of the contents of this manual follows.
Chapter 1, “Introduction”
Chapter 2, “Getting Started”
Chapter3, “Hardware
Refere nce”
Chapter 4, “i960® RM/RN
I/O Processor Overview”
Chapter 5, “MON960
Support for IQ80960RM/RN”
AppendixA, “Bill of
Materials”
AppendixB, “Schematics”
AppendixC, “PLD Code”
AppendixD, “Recycling the
Battery”
Introduces the IQ80 960RM
chapter also describes Intel’s CTOOLS* and WindRiver Systems Ix Works*
software development tools, and defines notational-conventions and related
documentation.
Provid es st ep-b y-s te p i ns tru ct ions fo r in st al li ng t he IQ8 09 60R M or I Q80 96 0RN
platform in a host system and downloading and executing an application
program. This chapter also describes Intel’s software development tools, the
MON960 Debug Monitor, IxWORKS, software installation, and hardware
configuration.
Descri bes the locations of connector s, switches and LEDs on the IQ80960RM
and IQ80960RN platforms. Header pinouts and register descriptions are also
provided in this chapter.
Presents an overview of the capabilities of the i960 RM/RN I/O proc essor and
includes the CPU memory map.
Describes a number of features added to MON960 to support application
development on the i960 RM/RN I/O processor.
Shows complete parts list IQ80960RM and IQ80960RN Evaluation Platforms.
Complete set of schematics for the IQ80960RM and IQ80960RN Evaluation
Platforms.
Example PLD code used on IQ80960RM and IQ80960RN evaluation boards
for SDRAM battery backup.
Information on the RBRC program and the locations of participating recycling
centers.
and IQ80960RN Evaluation Board feat ures. This
1-6I Q80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Manu al
1.7Notational-Conventions
The following notation conventions are consistent with other i960 RM/RN I/O processor
documentation and general indust ry standards.
Introduction
# or overbar
BoldIndicates user entry and/or c ommands.
ItalicsIndicates a reference to related docum ents; also used to show emphasis.
Courier fontI ndicates code examples and file di rectories and names.
Asterisks (*)On non-Intel company and product names, a tra iling asterisk indicates
UPPERCASEIn text, signal na mes are shown in uppe rcase. When several sig nals shar e
Designations for
hexadecimal and
binary numbers
In code examples the pound sym bol (#) is appended to a signal name to
indicate that the signal is active. Normal ly inverted clock signals are
indicate d with an overbar above the signal name (e.g., RAS).
PLD signal names are in bold lowercase letters (e.g., h_off, h_on).
the item is a tra d emark or register ed trademark. Such brand s and names
are the property of their respective owners.
a common name, each signal is represented by the signal name followed
by a numbe r; the group is represented by the signal name followed by a
variable (n). In code example s, signal names are shown in the case
required by the software development tool in us e.
In text, instead of using subscripted “base” designators (e.g., FF
leading “0x” (e.g., 0xFF) hexadecimal numbers are represented by a
string of hex digi ts followed by th e letter H. A zero prefix is added to
numbers that begin with A through F. (e.g . , FF is shown as 0FFH.) In
examples of actual code, “0x” is used. Decimal and binary numbers are
represented by their customary notations. (e.g. , 255 is a decimal number
and 1111 1111 is a binary number. In some cases, the letter B is added to
binary numbers for clari ty.)
16
) or
1.8Technical Support
Up-to-date product and technical information is available electronically from:
• Intel’s World-Wide Web (WWW) Locatio n: http://www.intel.com
• IQ80960RM and IQ80960RN Produc t Information: http://developer.intel.com/d es ign/i960
For technical assistance, electronic m ail (e-mail) pro v id es the fastest route to reach engineers
specializing in IQ80960RM and IQ80960RN issues. Posting messages on the Embedded
Microprocessor Forum at http://support.intle.com/newsgroups / is also a direct rout e for
IQ80960RM and IQ80960RN technical assistance. See Section 1.8.2.
Within the United States and Canada you may contact the Intel Technical Support Hotline. See
Section 1.8.1 for a list of customer support sources for the US and other geographical area s.
IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Ma nual1-7
Introduction
1.8.1Intel Customer Electronic Mail Supp ort
For direct support from engineer s specia li ng in i960® Microprocessor issues send e-mail in english
to 960tools@intel.com.
Questions and other messages may be posted to the Embedded Microprocessor Forum at
http://support.intel.com/newsgroups/.
1.8.2Intel Cus to mer Su pp or t Con ta ct s
Contact Intel Corporation for technical assistance for the IQ80960RM/RN evaluation platform.
CountryLiteratureCustomer Suppo rt Number
United States800-548-4725800-628-8686
Canada800-468-8118 or 303-297-7763800-628-8686
EuropeContact local distributor Contact local distri butor
AustraliaContact local distributor Contac t local distribu tor
IsraelContact local distributor Contact local distributor
JapanContact local distributor Contact local distributor
1-8I Q80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Manu al
1.8.3Related Information
T o orde r printe d manua ls fro m Intel, c ontac t your loc al sales re prese ntati ve or Intel L iteratur e Sal es
(1-800-548-4725 ).
MON960 Debug Monitor User’s Guide
PCI Local Bus Specification
Writing I2O Device Drivers in IxWorks
IxWorks Reference Manual
VxWorks Programmer’s Guide
Tornado User’s Guide
Tornado for I2O
Tornado for I2O Compact Disk
SP610 Em ulation System Reference Manual
Data SheetIntel # 273156
Data SheetIntel # 273157
Revision2.1
Rev. 1.0#TDK-12380-ZC-00
Intel # 273000
Intel # 273158
Intel # 273139
Intel #484290
PCI Special Interest Group
1-800-433-5177
Wind River Systems, Inc.
#DOC-1173-8D-02
Wind River Systems, Inc.
#DOC-1173-8D-03
Wind River Systems, Inc.
#DOC-11045-ZD-01
Wind River Systems, Inc.
#DOC-1116-8D-01
Wind River Systems, Inc.
#DOC-12381-8D-00
Spectrum Dig ita l Inc.
# 503715
Contact Cyclo ne Microsystems for additional information about their products and literature:
Table 1-2. Cyclone Contacts
Phone: 203-786-5536
Cyclone Microsystems
25 Science Park
New Haven CT 06511
IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Ma nual1-9
F AX: 203-786-5025
e-mail: info@cyclone.com
WWW: http://www.cyclone.com
Getting Started
This chapter conta ins in struc tio ns for ins tall ing the IQ80 960RM/ RN platfor m in a host s yste m and,
how to download and execute an application program using Wind River System’s IxWorks∗ or
Intel’s CTOOLS software development toolsets.
2.1Pre-Installation Considerations
This section pr ovides a general overview of the components required to develop and exec ute a
program on the IQ80960RM/RN platform. IQ80960RM/RN evaluation boards support two
software development toolsets, Wind River System’s IxWorks and Intel’s CTOOLS.
IxWorks is a complete toolset featuri ng an integrated developmen t environment including a
compiler, assembler, linker, and debugger . It al so features a real-time operati ng system. If you are
using the IxWorks operating system with th e T O RNADO* development environment, refer to the
Wind River Systems, Inc. doc umentation referenced in Sectio n 1.8.3.
CTOOLS is a complete C/C++-language software-development toolset for developing embedded
applications to run on i960 processors. It contains a C/C++ compiler, the gcc960 and ic960 compiler
driver programs, an assembler, runtime libraries, a collection of software-development tools and
utilities, and printed and on-line documentation. The MON960 Debug Monitor User’s Guide fully
describes the components of MON960, including MON960 commands, the Host Debugger Interface
Library (HDIL), and the MONDB.EXE utility. If you are using MON960 and the CTOOLS toolset,
refer to section Section 2.2.1, “Installing Software Development Tools” on page 2-1.
2
See Chapter 1 for more information on the IxWorks and CTOOLS features.
The IQ80960RM/RN evaluation boards are supplied with IxWorks intelligent real-time operating
system pre-loaded into the on-board Flash. You also have the option of installing the MON960
debug monitor, which is required if you are using the CTOOLS debugging tools, GDB960,
GDB960V, or MONDB. Sec ti o n 3.3.1 descr ibes the Fla sh ROM pro gramming util it y, which allows
you to load MON960 onto the platform or re-load IxWorks.
2.2Software Installation
2.2.1Installing Software Development Tools
If you haven’t done so already, install your development software as described in its manuals. All
references in this manual to CTOOL S or CrossWind assume that the default directories were
selected dur ing installation. If this is not the case, substitute the appropriate path for the defa ult
path wherever fil e loc ations are referenced in this manual.
IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Ma nual2-1
Getting Started
2.3Hardware Installation
Follow these in st ructions to get your new IQ80960RM/RN platform running. Be sure all items on
the checklist were provided with your IQ80960RM/RN.
Warning:Static charges can severely damage th e IQ80960RM/RN platforms. Be sure you are properly
grounded before re moving the IQ80960RM/RN platform from the anti-sta tic bag.
2.3.1Battery Bac ku p
Battery backup is provided to save any information in SDRAM during a power failure . Th e
IQ80960RM/RN platform contains four AA NiCd bat teries, a charging circuit and a regul ator
circuit. The batte ries installed in the IQ80960RM/RN platform are rated at 600 mA/Hr.
SDRAM technology provides a simple way of enabling data preservation through the self-refresh
command. When the processor receives an active Primary PCI reset it issues the self-refresh
command and drives the SCKE signals low. Upon seeing this condition, a PAL on the
IQ80960RM/RN platform holds SCKE low before the processor loses power. The batteries
maintain power to the SDRAM and the PAL to ensure self-refresh mode. When the PAL detects
PRST# returning to ina ctive state, the PAL releases the hold on SCKE.
The battery circuit can be disabled by removing the batteries. LED CR4 indicates when the SDRAMs
have sufficient power. If the batteries remain in the evaluation platform when it is depowered and/or
removed from the chassis, the batteries will maintain the SDRAM for approximately 30 hours. Once
power is again applied, the batteries will be fully charged in about 4 hours.
2.3.2Installing the IQ80960RM/RN Platforms in the Host System
If you are installing the IQ80960RM/RN platform for the first time, visually inspect the board for
any damage that may have oc curred during shipment. If there are visible defects, return the board
for repl acement. Follow the host system manufacturer’s instructions for in stalling a PCI adapter.
The IQ80960RM/RN pl atform is a full-length PCI adapter and requires a PCI slot th at i s free from
obstructions. The IQ80960RM/RN platform is ta ller than specifie d in the PCI Local Bus Specification Revision 2.1. The extended height of the board will require you to kee p the cover off
of your PC. Refer to Chapt er 3 for physical dimensions of the board.
2.3.3Verify IQ80960RM/RN Platform is Functional
These instruct ions ass ume that you have alrea dy install ed the I Q80960RM/RN pla tfor m in the host
system as described in Section 2.3.2.
1. To connect the serial port for communicati ng with and downloading to the IQ80960RM/RN
platform, conne ct the RS-232 cable (provided with the IQ80960RM/RN) from a free serial
port on the host syst em to the phone jack-s tyle connector on the IQ80960RM/RN platform.
2. Upon power-up, the red FAIL LED turns off, indicating that the processor has passed its self-test.
3. If you have IxWorks installed in the flash R OM, the user LEDs dis play the bi na ry pattern 99H.
In the IxWorks development environment, raw serial input/output is not used. Instead , the
Wind DeBug (WDB) protocol is run over the serial port, to a llow communication with
Tornado development tools. If t he terminal emu lation package is running at 115,200 baud, the
letters “W DB_READY” display prior to launching in the WDB serial protocol.
2-2I Q80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Manu al
4. If you have MON960 installed in the fl as h ROM, press <ENTER> on a termin al con nec te d to
the IQ80960RM/RN platform to bring up the MON960 prompt. MON960 automatically
adjusts its baud rat e to match that of the te rmi nal at start-u p. At ba ud rates other than 9600, it
may be necessary to press <ENTER> several times.
2.4Creating and Downloading Executable Files
To download code to the IQ80960RM/RN pla tform running IxWorks, consult Wind River
documentation on the s upplied TORNADO for I
IQ80960RM/RN platform, your compiler produces an ELF-format object file.
To download code to the IQ80960RM/RN platform running CTOOLS, consult the CTOOL S
documentation for information regarding compiling, linking, and downloading applications.
During a download, MON960 check s the link address stored in the ELF file, and stores the file at
that locati on on the IQ80960RM/RN platform. If the executa ble file is linked to an invalid address
on the IQ80960RM/RN platform, MON960 aborts the download.
2.4.1Sample Download and Executio n Using GDB960
This example shows you how to us e GBD960 to download and exec ute a file named myapp via
the serial port.
O CD-ROM. T o download code to the
2
Getting Started
• Invoke GDB960. From a Windows 95/NT command prompt, issue the command:
gdb960 -r com2 myapp
This command establ ishes communication and downloads the fil e myapp.
• To execute the program, enter the command from the GDB960 comm and prompt:
(gdb960) run
More information on the GDB960 commands mentioned in this section can be found in the
GDB960 User’s Manu al.
IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Ma nual2-3
Hardware Reference
3.1Power Requirements
The IQ80960RM/RN platform draws power from the PCI bus. The power requirements of the
IQ80960RM/RN platforms are shown in Table 3-1 and Table 3-2. The number s do not include the
power required by a PCI card(s) mounted on one or more of the IQ80960RM/RN platforms’ f ou r
expansion slot s.
Table 3-1. IQ80960RN Platform Power Requirements
VoltageTypical CurrentMaximum Current
+3.3 V0 V*0 V*
+5 V1.45 A1.96 A
+12 V286 mA485 mA
-12 V1 mA1 mA
NOTE: Does not include the pow er required by a PCI card(s) mounted on the IQ80960RN platform.
* +3.3V for 80960RN Processor created on board from +5V.
Table 3-2. IQ80960RM Platform Power Requirements
3
NOTE: Does not include the pow er required by a PCI card(s) mounted on the IQ80960RM pla tform.
* +3.3V for 80960RM Processor created on board from +5V.
3.2SDRAM
The IQ80960RM/RN platform is equipped with a 168-pin DIMM socket formatted to accept +3.3V
synchronous DRAM with or without Error Correction Code (ECC). T he socket will acc ept SDRAM
from 8 Mbytes to 128 Mbytes. 128 Mbyte SDRAMs are available in both x64 and x72 configurations.
Note that 8 Mbyte SDRAMs are only for x64 or non-ECC memory. The SDRAM is accessible from
either of the PCI buses, via the ATUs, and the local bus on the IQ80960RM/RN platform.
VoltageTypical CurrentMaximum Current
+3.3 V0 V*0 V*
+5 V1.32 A1.86 A
+12 V284 mA485 mA
-12 V1 mA1 mA
IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Ma nual3-1
Hardware Reference
3.2.1SDRAM Performance
The IQ80960RM/RN pla tform uses 72-bit SDRAM with ECC or 64-bit SDRAM without ECC.
SDRAM allows zero data-to-data wait state operation at 66 MHz. The memory controller unit
(MCU ) of the i 96 0
of four enables sea mless read/write bursting of long data streams, as long as the MCU does not
cross the page boundary. Page boundaries are naturally aligned 2 Kbyte blocks. 72-bit SDRAM
with ECC allows a maximum throughput of 528 Mbytes per second.
Both 16 Mbit and 64 Mbit SDRAM devices are supporte d. The MCU keeps two pages per ba nk
open simulta neous ly for 16 Mbit de vices a nd 4 pages pe r ba nk for 64 Mb it device s. Si multa neous ly
open pages allo w for greate r performanc e for seq uentia l access , dist ribute d acros s multipl e in ternal
bus transactions. Table 3-3 shows read and write examples of a single 8 byte access and for a
multiple 40 byte access.
Table 3-3. SDRAM Performance
Read Pag e Hit (8 by te s)776 Mby tes /s ec
Read Page Miss (8 bytes)1244 Mbytes/sec
Read Pa ge Hit (40 bytes)11240 Mbytes/sec
Read Page Miss (40 bytes)16165 Mbytes/sec
Write Page Hit (8 bytes)4132 Mbytes/sec
Write Page Miss (8 bytes)866 Mbytes/sec
Write Page Hit (40 bytes)8330 Mbytes/sec
Write Page Miss (40 bytes)12220 Mbytes/sec
®
RM/RN I/O processor supports SDRAM burst lengt hs of four. A burst length
Cycle TypeT able ClocksPerformance Bandwidth
Note that if ECC is enabled and you attempt a partial write — less than 64 bits — you will incur a
penalty. Because ECC is enabled, the MCU will translate the write into a read-modify-write
transaction. Therefore, for a single byte write the clock count will be 1 1.
3-2I Q80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Manu al
3.2.2Upgrading SDRAM
The IQ80960RM/RN is equipped with 16 Mbytes of SDRAM with ECC inserted in the 168-pin
DIMM socket. The memory may be expanded by inserting up to a 128 Mbyte module into the
DIMM socket. The various memory c ombinations are shown in Table 3-4. Only 168-pin +3.3V
SDRAM modules with or witho ut ECC rated at 10 ns should be used on the IQ80960R M/RN
platform. The column labeled ECC dete rmines if that parti cular memory configuration c an be used
with ECC.
Table 3-4. SDRAM Configurations
Hardware Reference
SDRAM
Technology
16 Mbit
64 Mbit
SDRAM
Arrangement
2M x 8
1M x 16
8M x 8
4M x 16
# BanksRowColumnECC
1
2Yes32 Mb yt es
1
2No16 Mbyt es
1
2Yes128 Mbytes
1
2No64 Mbyt es
3.3Flash ROM
An E28F016S5 (2 Mbytes) Flash ROM is included on the IQ80960RM/RN platform. This Fl ash
ROM contains IxWorks* and may be used to store user ap plications.
3.3.1Flash ROM Programming
Two types of Fl ash ROM programming exist on the IQ80960RM/RN platform. The first is normal
application development programming. T his occurs using IxWorks to download new software and
the 80960JT core to writ e the new code to the Flash ROM. During this time the boot sec tors
(containing IxWorks) are write protected.
119
11 8
129
128
Total Memory
SIze
Yes1 6 Mb yt es
No8 Mbytes
Yes6 4 Mb yt es
No3 2 Mbytes
The second type of Flash ROM progra m mi ng is loading the boot sectors. You will not be required
to load the boot sectors except:
• To load MON960
• To load a new rele ase of IxWorks
• To change between the check build and the fre e build of IxWorks
The following steps are required to program the Flash ROM boot sectors:
1. Set switch S1 #’s 1 and 2 to the on position.
2. Reset the board by cycling power on the workstation.
3. Run the Intel DOS-based flash utility to program the Flash ROM boot sectors.
4. Set switch S1 #’s 1 and 2 to the off position.
5. Reset the board by cycling power on the workstation.
IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Ma nual3-3
Hardware Reference
3.4Console Serial Port
The console seria l port on the IQ80960RM/ RN platform, based on a 16C550 UART, is capable of
operation from 300 to 115,200 bps. The port is connected to a phone jack-style plug on the
IQ80960RM/RN platform. The DB25 to RJ-45 cable included w ith the IQ80960RM/RN can be
used to connect the console port to any standard RS-232 port on the host system.
The UART on the IQ80960RM/RN platform is clock ed with a 1.843 MHz clock, and may be
programmed to use thi s clo ck with its in te rnal baud rate coun ters. Th e UAR T regi ste r address es are
shown in Table 3-5; refer to the 16C550 device data book for a detailed description of the registers
and device operat ion. Note that some UART addresses refer to different registers depending on
whether a read or a write is being per f orm ed.
Tab le 3-5. UART Register Addresses
AddressRead RegisterWrite Register
E000 0000HReceive Holding RegisterTransmit Holding Register
E000 0001HUnusedInterrupt Enable Register
E000 0002HInterrupt Status RegisterFIFO Control Register
E000 0003HUnusedLine Control Register
E000 0014HUnusedModem Control Register
E000 0015HLine Status RegisterUnused
E000 0016HModem Status RegisterUnused
E000 0017HScratchpad RegisterScratchpad Register
3.5Secondary PCI Bus Expansion Connectors
Four PCI Expansion Slots are available on the IQ80960RM/RN platform. The IQ80960 RM
supports 32-b it P CI expansion and the IQ80960RN supports 64-bit PCI expans ion. The slots ar e
designed for +5V PCI signall ing and accommodate PCI cards with +5V or univers al s ignalling
capabilities.
3.5. 1PCI Slots Power A vailabili ty
Power from the Primary PCI bus, +3.3V, +5V, +12V, and –12V, is routed to the Secondary P CI bus
expansion sl ots. +3.3V is only available at the secondary PCI slots if the host system makes +3.3V
available on the Primary PCI slots. LED CR5 indicates if this power is available.
3-4I Q80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Manu al
3.5.2Interrupt and IDSEL Routing
Table 3-6. Secondary PCI Bus Interrupt and IDSEL Routing
Battery backu p is provided to save any information in SDRAM during a power failure. The
IQ80960RM/RN platform contains four AA NiCd batteries, a charging circuit and a regulator
circuit. The batteries installed in the IQ80960RM/RN pla tform are rated at 600 mA/H r.
SDRAM technology pro vides a simple way of enabling data preservation though the self-refresh
command. When the processor receives an active Primary PCI reset it will issue the sel f-refresh
command and drive the SCKE signals low. Upon seeing this condition a PAL on the
IQ80960RM/RN platfor m will hol d SCKE low before the proce ssor los es power. The batteries will
maintain power to the SDRAM and the PAL to ensure self-refresh mode. When the PAL sees
PRST# r et ur n i n g to in active st at e th e PAL wi ll re lease the h ol d on SC K E .
Hardware Reference
The battery circuit can be disabled by removing the batteries. LED CR4 indicates when the
SDRAMs have suff icient power . If the batteries remain in the evaluation platf orm when it is
depowered and/or removed from the chassis, the batteries will maintain the SDRAM for
approximately 30 hours. Once power is again applied, the batteries will be fully charged in about
four hours.
3.7Loss of Fan Detect
The i960 RM/RN I/O processor can be cooled by an active he at sink mounted on top. T he fan
provides a square wave output that is monitored by a comparator circuit on the IQ80960RM/RN
platform. The frequency of the fan output is appr oxim ately 9K RPM. If the frequency fall s below
approximately 8K RPM the circuit will provide an interrupt to the processor. This is an evaluation
board feature intended as an example of system hardware monitoring, sin ce the IQ80960RM/RN
platf o r m does no t ship with a heatsin k .
Note: When using a passive heat sink, the proces so r never sees an interrupt from not having a fan.
IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Ma nual3-5
Hardware Reference
3.8Logic Analyzer Headers
There are five logic analyzer connectors on the IQ80960RM/RN platform. The connectors are
Mictor type, AMP part # 76705 4-1. Hewl ett-Pa ckard a nd Tektronix manufac ture an d sell i nte rfaces
to these connectors. The logic analyzer connectors al low for interfacing to the SDRAM and ROM
buses along with secondary PCI arbitration signals. Table 3-7 shows the connectors and the pin
assignm e nt s fo r each.
The JTAG header allows debugging hardware to be quic kly and easily connected to some of the
IQ80960RM/RN proc essor’s logic signals.
The JTAG header is a 16-pin header. A 3M connector (part number 2516-6002UG) is required to
connect to this header. The pinout for the JTAG header is shown in Table 3-8. The header and
connector are keyed using a tab on the connector and a slot on the header to ensure proper installation.
Hardware Reference
Each signal in the JTAG header is pa ired with its own ground connection to avoid the noise problems
associated with long ribbon cables. Signal descriptions are found in the i960
Developer’s Manual, 80960RM I/O Processor Data Sheet and the 80960RN I/O Process or Data Sheet.
Table 3-9 describes switch setti ng options and defaults. These switch settings are sampled at
Primary PCI Reset. See Table 5-1 “Initialization Modes” on page 5-3 for processor initialization
configurations .
Table 3-9. Switch S1 Settings
PositionNameDescriptionDefault
S1-1RST_MODE#
S1-2RETRY
S1-332BITMEM_EN#
a
S1-4
a.This switch is active for IQ80960RN ONLY.
32BITPCI_EN#
®
RM/RN I/O Pr oces sor
Determines if the processor is to be held in reset.
ON = hold in rest
OFF = allows processor initializati on
Deter m ines if the Primary PCI interface will be disabled.
ON = allows Primary PCI configuration cycles to occur
OFF = retries all Primary PCI configuration cycles
Notifies Memory Controller of the SDRAM width.
ON = Memory Controller utilizes 32-bit SDRAM access protocol
OFF = Memory Contoller utilizes 64-bit SDRAM access protocol
Determines whether Secondary PCI bus is a 32- or 64-bit bus.
ON = indicates Secondary PCI bus is a 32-bit bus
OFF = indicates Secondary P CI bus is a 64-bit bus
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Ma nual3-7
Hardware Reference
3.10User LEDs
The IQ80 960RM /RN plat form has a bank of eight user -prog rammable LEDs, locat ed on the upper e dge of
the adapter board. These LEDs are controlled by a write-only register and used as a debugging aid during
development. Software can control the state of the user LEDs by writing to the LED Register, located at
E004 0000H. Each of the eight bits of this register correspond to one of the user LEDs. Clearing a bit in the
LED Register by writing a “0” to it turns the corresponding LED “on”, while setting a bit by writing a “1”
to it turns the corresponding LED “off”. Resetting the IQ80960RM/RN platform results in clearing the
register and turning all the LEDs “on”. The LED Register bitmap is shown in Figure 3-1.
The user LEDs are numbered in de scending order from left to right, with LED7 being on the left
when looking at the component side of the adapter.
Figure 3-1. LED Register Bitmap
76543210
User LED 7
User LED 6
User LED 5
User LED 4
User LED 3
User LED 2
User LED 1
User LED 0
3.10.1User LEDs During Initialization
MON960 indicate s the progress of its hardware initialization on the user LEDs. In the event that
initia lization should fail for s ome reason, the number of lit LEDs can be used to determine the
cause of th e failure . Table 3-10 lists the tes ts that correspond to each lit LED.
Tab le 3-10. Start-up LEDs MON960
LEDsTests
LED 0SDRAM serial EEPROM checksum validated
LED 1UART walking ones test passed
LED 2DRAM walking ones test passed
LED 3DRAM multiword test passed
LED 4Hardware initializat ion started
LED 5Flash ROM initialized
LED 6PCI-to-PCI Bridge initialized
LED 7UART int ernal loopback test passed
3-8I Q80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Manu al
Table 3-11 lists the connectors and LEDs.
Ta ble 3-11. IQ80960RM/RN Connectors and LEDs
ItemDescription
J1-J4Secondary PCI bus expansion connector
J5168-pin SDRAM DIMM socket
J6JT AG connector
J7Serial port connector
J8Logic analyzer connector for flash ROM bus
J10Logic analyzer connector for Secondary PCI bus arbitrat ion signals
J9, J11, J12Logic analyzer connecto r for access to SDRAM bus
J13Active heatsink connector for example fan monitor circuit
CR1, CR2Eight user LEDs
CR3Self-test fail LED
CR4Battery backup SDRAM, 3.3 V available
CR5Indicates host system providing 3.3 V to Secondary PCI bus connectors
S1DIP switch (Table 3-9)
Hardware Reference
IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Ma nual3-9
i960® RM/RN I/O Processor Overview
4
This chapter desc ribes the features and operation of the processor on the IQ80960 RM/RN
platform. For more detail, refer to the i960
Figure 4-1. i960
®
RM/RN I/O Processor Developer’s Manual.
®
RM/RN I/O Processor Block Diagram
Local Memory
(SDRAM, Flash)
80960 Core
Processor
Memory
Controller
Messaging
Unit
Two DMA
Channels
Bus
Interface
Unit
64-bit Internal Bus
Address
Translat ion
Unit
I2C Serial Bus
I2C Bus
Interface
Application
Accelerator
One DMA
Channel
Internal
Arbitration
Address
Translation
Unit
PCI to PCI
64-bit/32-bit Primary PCI Bus
Performance
Monitoring
Unit
IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Ma nual4-1
Bridge
64-bit/32-bit Secondary PCI Bus
Secondary
PCI
Arbitration
i960® RM/RN I/O Processor Overview
4.1CPU Memory Map
The memory map for the IQ80960RM/RN platform is shown in Figure 4-2. All addresses below
9002 0000H on the IQ80960RM/RN platform are reserved for various functions of the i960
RM/RN I/O processor, a s shown on the memory map. Doc ument ation for t hese areas , as we ll as t he
processor memory m apped registe rs at FF00 0000 H and the IBR , can be f ound i n the i 960I/O Pro ce ssor Dev eloper’s Manual.
Figure 4-2. IQ80960RM/RN Platform Memory Map
®
RM/RN
F000 0000H
E000 0000H
B000 0000H
A000 0000H
9002 0000H
8000 0000H
0000 2000H
0000 1900H
0000 0800H
0000 0400H
0000 0000H
Flash RO M
and
Processor Registers
On-board Devices
Reserved
DRAM
Reserved
ATU Outbound
Translation Windows
ATU Outbound
Direct Addressing Window
Reserved
Peripheral
Memory Mapped Registers
Reserved
Processor Internal Data RAM
Processor
Memory Mapped
Registers
Flash ROM
Reserved
LED Register
(write only)
UART
FF00 0000H
FEE0 0000H
F000 0000H
E004 0000H
E000 0000H
4-2I Q80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Manu al
4.2Local Interrupts
The i960 RM/RN I/O processor is built around an 80960JT core, which has seven external interrupt
lines designated XINT0# through XINT5# and NMI#. In the i960 RM/RN I/O processor, these
interrupt lines are not directly connected to external interrupts, but pass through a layer of internal
interrupt routing logic. Figure 4-3 shows the interrupt connections on the i960 RM/RN I/O processor.
XINT0# through XINT3# on the 80960JT core can be us ed to re ce ive PCI interrupt s from the
secondary PCI bus, or thes e interrupts can be passed through to the primary PCI interface,
depending on the setting of the XINT Select bit of the PCI Interrupt Routing Select Register in the
i960 RM/RN I/O processor. On the IQ80960RM/RN platform, XINT0# through XINT3# are
configured to receive interrupts from the secondary PCI bus.
XINT4# and XINT5# on the i960 RM/RN I/O processor may be connected to interrupt sources
external to the proc essor. On the IQ80960RM/RN platfor m, XINT4# is connec ted to th e loss of fan
detect and XINT5# is conne cte d to the 16C550 UART.
XINT6#, XINT7# receive interrupt s from internal sources . NMI# receives interrupts from internal
sources an d from an external source. Since all of these interrupts accept signal s from multiple
sources, a status register is provided for each of them to allow service routine s to identify the
source of the interrupt. Each of the possible interrupt sources is assigned a bit position in the sta tus
register. The interrupt sources for these lines are shown in Figure 4-3. On the IQ80960RM/RN
platform, the NMI# interrupt is not connected to any external interrupt source and receives
interrupts onl y from the internal devices on the i960 RM/RN I/O proc es s or. Note that all error
conditions result in an NMI# interrupt.
The i960 RM/RN I/O processor is equipped with two on-chip counter/timers which are clocked
with the i960 RM/ RN I/O process or clock s ignal. The i 960 RM/RN I/ O proc essor re ceives its c lock
from the primary PCI interface clock, generated by the motherbo ard. Most motherboards generat e
a 33 MHz clock signal, although the PCI specification requires a clock frequency between 0 and
33 MHz. The timers can be prog rammed for single-shot or continuous mode, and can generate
interrupts to the proc es s or when the countdown expires.
4.4Primary PCI Interface
The primary P CI interface on the IQ80960RM/RN platform provides the i960 RM/RN I/O
processor with a connection to the PCI bus on the host system. Only the PCI-to-PCI bridge unit on
the i960 RM/RN I/O proc essor i s dire ctly c onnect ed to the primary P CI interf ace. Devices i nstall ed
on the expansion sl ots are connected to the PCI bus via the bridge unit on the i960 RM/RN I/O
processor. The PCI-to-PCI bridge accepts Type 1 configuratio n cyc les destined for devices on the
secondary bus, and will forward them as Type 0 or Type 1 con f iguration cycles, or as special
cycles. The IQ80960RN pla tform interfac es to a 64-bit PCI bus and the IQ80960RM platform
interfaces to a 32-bit PCI bus.
i960® RM/RN I/O Processor Overview
4.5Secondary PCI Interface
The secondary PCI interface provided by the i960 RM/RN I/O processor is used to connect PCI
cards via the expansion slots to the host system’s PCI bus. PCI cards are attached to the
IQ80960RM/RN platform with a standard PCI connector and may contain up to four separate PCI
devices. The i960 RM/RN I/O processor provides PCI-to-PCI bridge functionality to map installed
PCI devices onto the host P CI bus , and supports tr ans action forwarding in both directions across
the bridge. PCI devi ces connected via the expansion slots can therefore act as masters or slaves on
the host sys tem’s PCI bus. Additional PC I-to- PCI bri dge devi ces are suppor ted by t he i960 R M/RN
I/O processor on its second ary PCI interface and can be designed into add-on PCI cards. In
addition, the i960 RM/RN I/O processor supports “private” PCI devices on its secondary bus.
Private device s are hidden from in itialization code on the host system, and are configure d and
accessed dire ctly by the i960 RM/RN I/O processor. These devices are not part of the normal PCI
address space, but they can act as PCI bus mast ers and transfer dat a to and from other PCI devi ce s
in the system.
Unless designated as private devices, PCI devices installed on the se condary PCI interface of the
IQ80960RM/RN platform are mapped into the system-wide PCI address space by configuration
software running on the host system. No logical distinction is made at the system level between
devices on the prim ary PCI bus and devices on secondary buses; all transaction forwarding is
handled transparently by the PCI-to-PCI bridge. Configuration cycles and read and write accesses
from the host are forwarded through the PCI-to-PCI bridge un it of the i960 RM/RN I/O processor.
Master read and write cycles from devices on the secondary PCI bus are also forwarded to the h ost
bus by the PCI-to-PCI bridge unit.
IxWORKS allows secondary PCI devices to be configured as Public or Private. Public devices are
configured by the PCI host. Private devices are configured by the IxWORKS kerne l and the
device-speci fic HDM.
IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Ma nual4-5
i960® RM/RN I/O Processor Overview
4.6DMA Channels
The i960 RM/RN I/O processor features three independent DMA channels, two of which operate
on the primary PCI interface, whereas the remaining one operates on the secondary PCI interface.
All three of the DMA channel s c onnect to the i960 RM/RN I/O proc es s or’s local bus and can be
used to transfe r data from PCI devices to memory on the IQ80960RM/RN platform. Support for
chaining, and scatter/gather is built into all three channels. The DMA can address the entire 2
bytes of address sp ace on the PCI bus and 2
®
Figure 4-4. i960
RM/RN I/O Processor DMA Controller
Primary PCI Bus
32
bytes of address space on the internal bus.
DMA Channel 0
64
DMA Channel 1
PCI to PCI Bridge
DMA Channel 2
Secondary PCI Bus
4.7Application Accelerator Unit
The Application Accelerat or provides low-latency , high-throughput data transfer cap ability
between the AA unit and 80960 local memory. It executes data transf ers to and from 80960 local
memory and a lso provides the nec essary programming interface. The Application Ac celerator
performs the following functions:
• Transfers data (read) from memory c ontroller
• Performs an optiona l boolean operati on (XOR) on rea d data
• Tr ansfers data (write) to memory controller
The AA uni t fe at u r es:
• 128-byte, a rranged as 8-byte x 16-deep store queue
• Utilizati on of the 80960RN/RM proces sor memory controll er interface
32
• 2
addressing range on the 80960 local memory interface
80960
Local Bus
• Hardware support for unaligned data transfers for the internal bus
• Full progra mmability from the i960 core processor
• Support for automatic data chaining for gathering and scattering of data blocks
4-6I Q80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Manu al
Figure 4-5 shows a simplif ied connection of the Application Accelerator to the i960 RM/RN I/O
Processor Internal Bus.
Figure 4-5. Application Accelerator Unit
Application Accelerator Unit
Data Queue
Boolea n U ni t
i960® RM/RN I/O Processor Overview
Packing/
Unpacking
Unit
4.8Performance Monitor Unit
The Performance Monitoring features aid in measuring and monito ring various system parameters
that contribute to the overall performance of the processor. The monitoring facility is generic ally
referred to as PMON – Performance Moni toring. The facility is model specific, not architectural;
its inte n d ed use is to gath er p erformance measurements that can b e u sed to retune/refine code for
better system level performance.
The PMON facility provided on the i960 RM/RN I/O processor co mprises:
• One dedicated global Time Stamp counter, and
• Fourteen (14) Programmab le Event counters
The global time sta mp c ounter is a dedicated, free running 32-bit counter.
The progr a m m ab le event coun t er s are 3 2- b i ts w i de . Ea ch co un t er can be progr am m e d to obs e r v e
an event from a defined set of events. An event consists of a set of parameters which define a start
condition and a stop condit ion. The monitored events are selec ted by programming an event select
register (ESR).
80960
Bus Interface
64-bit
Internal Bus
IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Ma nual4-7
MON960 Support for IQ80960RM/RN
5
This chapter discusses a number of additions that have been made to MON960 to support the
IQ80960RM/RN in an optional non-I
MON960, see the MON960 Debug Monitor User’s Guide. The IQ80960RM/RN evaluation
platform ships with IxWorks* from Wind River Systems installed in flash firmware. To use
CTOOLS and MON960 instead of IxWorks, you need to download MON960 into the onboard
Flash. See Chapter 2 for more information on updating the onboard Flash. See Chapter1 for
descriptions of both IxWorks and CTOOLS.
2
O capacity. For complete documentation on the operation of
5.1Secondary PCI Bus Expansion Connectors
The IQ80960RM/RN pl atform con tains four secon dary PCI bus expan sion c onnect ors to g ive us ers
access to the secondary PCI bus of the i960
perform secondary PCI bus ini tialization including the establishment of a secondary PCI bus
address map. Routines compatible with the PCI Local Bus Specification Revision 2.1 allow the
software on the IQ80960RM/RN platform to search for devices on the secondary PCI bus and read
and write the configuration space of those devices.
®
RM/RN I/O proce ssor. Extensions to MON960
5.2MON960 Components
The remaining sect ions of this chapter assume that MON960 is installed in the onboard Flash,
replacing IxWorks. The IQ80960RM/RN optional MON960 debug monitor consists of four main
components:
• Initialization firmware• MON960 extensions
• MON 9 60 kernel• Diagnostics/example code
These four components togeth er are refe rred to as MON960.
5.2.1MON960 Initia lizat ion
At initialization, MON960 puts the IQ80960RM/RN platform into a known, func tional state that
allows the host processor to perform PCI initialization. Once in this state, the MON960 kernel and
the MON960 extensions can load and execute correctl y. Initialization is performed after a RESET
condition. MON960 initialization encompasses all m ajor portions of the i960 RM/RN I/O
processor and IQ8 0960RM/RN pl at form includi ng 80 960JT core ini tial izati on, Memory C ontr oll er
initial ization, SDRAM initialization, Primary PCI Address Translation Unit (ATU) initialization,
and PCI-to-PC I Br idge Unit initialization.
The IQ80960RM/RN pl atform is desig ned to use th e Conf igur ation Mode of the i96 0 RM/RN I/O
processor. Conf igu ration Mode all ows th e 8 0960 JT core to in itia li ze an d cont rol the i nit iali za tion p roc ess
before the PCI host conf igur es t he i 960 RM/ RN I/O proc essor. By u ti lizi ng Confi gura tion Mode , t he user
IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Ma nual5-1
MON960 Support for IQ80960RM/RN
is give n the ability to initialize the P CI configuration re gisters to values other than the default power-up
values. Confi gura tion Mode giv es the use r maximu m flexi bilit y to cu stomiz e the way in which the i960
RM/RN I/O process or and IQ80960 RM/RN plat form appea r to th e PCI host confi gurati on soft ware.
5.2.280960JT Core Initialization
The 80960JT core begins the initialization process by reading its Initial Memory Image (IMI) from
a fixed address in the boot ROM (FEFF FF30H in the i960 address space). The IMI include s the
Initialization Boot Record (IBR), the Process Control Block (P RCB), and seve r al system data
structures. The I BR provides initial configuration information for the core and integrated
peripheral s, pointers to the system data structures and the first instruction to be executed after
processor initialization, and checksum words that the processor uses in its self-test routine. In
addition to the IBR and PRCB, the required data str uctures are the:
• System Procedure Table
• Control Table
• Interrupt Table
• Fault Table
• User Stack (application dependent)
• Supervisor Stack
• Interrupt Stack
5.2.3Memory Controller Initialization
Since the i960 RM/RN I/O processor Memory Cont roller is integral to the design and opera tion of
the IQ80960RM/RN platform, the operat ional parameters for Bank 0 and Bank 1 are established
immediately after processor core initialization. Memory Bank 0 is associated with the ROM on the
IQ80960RM/RN pla tform. Memory Bank 1 is associated with the UART and the LED Control
Register. Parameters such as Bank Base Address, Read Wait States, and Write W ait States must be
established to ensure the prope r operation of the IQ80960RM/RN platform. The Memory
Controll er is initialized so as to be consistent with the IQ8096 0RM/RN platform memory map
show n in Figure 4-2.
5.2.4SDRAM Initializatio n
SDRAM initialization includes setting operational parameters for the SDRAM controller, and sizing
and clearing the installed SDRAM configuration. To configure the system properly, Presence Detect
data is read from the EEPROM of the SDRAM module, using the 80960RM/RN I
Unit. Presence Detect data includes the number and size of SDRAM banks present on the installed
module. On power-up, 64 bytes of Presence Detect data are read and validated. The SDRAM
controller is then configured by setting the base address of SDRAM, the boundary limits for each
SDRAM bank, the refresh cycle interval, and the output buffer drive strength. Once the SDRAM
controller is configured, the SDRAM is cleared in preparation for the C language runtime
environment. The actual SDRAM size is stored for later use (e.g., to establish the size of the
IQ80960RM/RN platform PCI Slave image). The SDRAM controller is initialized to be consistent
with the IQ80960RM/RN platform memory map shown in Figure 4-2.
2
C Bus Interface
5-2I Q80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Manu al
5.2.5Primary PCI Interface Initialization
The IQ80960RM/RN platform is a multi-function PCI device. O n the primary PCI bus, two
functions (from a PCI Configuration Space standpoint) are supported.
• Function 0 is the PCI-t o-P CI Bridge of the i960 RM/RN I/O process or, which optionally
provides access capability between the primary P CI bus and the secondary PCI bus.
• Function 1 i s the Primary ATU which provides acc es s capability between the primary PC I bus
and the local i960 bus.
The platform can be initiali zed into one of four modes. Modes 0 and 3 are described below.
Table 5-1. Initializa tion Modes
MON960 Support for IQ80960RM/RN
RST_MODE#/
SW1-1
0/ON0/ONMode 0Accepts TransactionsHeld in Reset
0/ON1/OFFMode 1Retries All Configuration T ransactionsHeld in Reset
1/OFF0/ONMode 2Accept s Transa c tionsI nit ia liz e s
1/OFF1/OFFMode 3 (default)Retries All Configuration TransactionsIniti alizes
RETRY/
SW1-2
Initialization
Mode
When the IQ80960RM/RN is operatin g in Mode 0, the proc es sor core is held in reset, allowing
register defau lts t o be us ed on the Primary PCI int erfac e. This mode is u sed to program the onboard
Flash with e ither IxWORKS* or MON960.
When the IQ80960RM/RN pla tform is ope ratin g in Mode 3, the Conf igura tion Cyc le Dis able bi t in
the Extended Bridge Control Reg is ter (EBCR) is set after IQ80960RM/RN processor reset. In this
mode, the IQ80960RM/RN platform sends PCI Retries when the PCI host attempts to access the
platform’s Configuration Space. This mode allows the IQ80960R M/RN proc essor t ime to i nitia lize
its internal registers. The processor remains in this mode until the Configuration Cycle Disable bit
in the Extended Br idge Control Re gister (EBCR) is cleared. For this reason, and to prevent PCI
host problems, Pri ma ry PCI initialization occurs at the earliest possible opportunity after Memory
and SDRAM controller initialization.
5.2.6Primary ATU Initialization
Primary ATU (Bridge) initialization includes initialization by the 80960JT core and initialization
by the PCI host processor. Local initialization occurs fir st and consists mainly of esta blishing the
operational parameter s for access to the loca l IQ80960RM/RN pla tfor m bus. The Primary Inboun d
ATU Limit Register (PIALR) is ini tialized to establish the block size of memory required by the
Primary ATU. The PIALR value is based on the installed SDRAM configuration. The Primary
Inbound ATU Trans late Value Registe r (PIATVR) is i nitia lized to est ablis h th e transl ati on value for
PCI-to - Local accesses . The PIATVR value is set t o reference the base of local SDRAM. The
Primary Outbound Memory Window Value Register (POMWVR) is initialized to establish the
translation value for Local-to-PCI accesses. The POMWVR value remain s at its default value of
“0” to allow the IQ80960RM/RN platform to access the start of the PCI Memory add r es s ma p,
which is typically occupied by PCI host memo ry. Likewise, the Primary Outbound I/O Window
Value Register (POIOWVR) remains at its defa ult value of “0” to allow the IQ80960RM/RN
platform to access the start of the PCI I/O address map. PCI Doorbell-related pa ramet ers are also
established to allow for communication between the IQ80960RM/RN platform and a PCI bus
master using the doorbell mechanism.
Primary PCI Interface
i960 Core
Processor
IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Ma nual5-3
MON960 Support for IQ80960RM/RN
By default, Primary Outbound Configuration Cycle parameters are not established. The A TU
Configuration Register (ATUCR) is initialized to establish the operational parameters for the
Doorbell Unit and ATU interrupts (both primary and secondary), and to enable the primary and
secondary ATUs. The PCI host is responsible for allocating PCI address space (Memo r y, Memory
Mapped I/O, and I/O), and assigning the PCI Base addresses for the IQ80960RM/RN platform.
5.2.7PCI-to-PCI Bridge Initialization
PCI-to-PCI Bridge initialization includes initialization by the 80960JT core and initialization by the
PCI host processor. Local initialization occurs first and consists mainly of establishing the operational
parameters for the secondary PCI interface of the PCI-to-PCI bridge. On the IQ80960RM/RN
platform, the secondary PCI bus is configured to consist of private devices (not visible to PCI host
configuration cycles). To support a private secondary PCI bus, the Secondary IDSEL Select Register
(SISR) is initialized to prevent the secondary PCI address bits [20:16] from being asserted during
conversion of PCI Type 1 configuration cycles on the primary PCI bus to PCI Type 0 configuration
cycles on the secondary PCI bus. Secondary PCI bus masters are prevented from initiating
transactions that will be forwarded to the primary PCI interface. The PCI host is responsible for
assigning and initializing the PCI bus numbers, allocating PCI address space (Memory, Memory
Mapped I/O, and I/O), and assigning the IRQ numbers to valid interrupt routing values.
5.2.8Secondary ATU Initialization
Secondary ATU (Bridge) initialization consists mainly of establishing the operational para me ters
for access between the local IQ80960RM/RN platform bus and the secondary PCI devices. The
Secondary Inbound ATU Base Address Register (SIABAR) is initialized to establish the PCI base
address of IQ80960RM/RN platform local memory from the secondary PCI bus. By convention,
the secondary PCI base addre ss for access to IQ80960RM/RN pla tform local memory is “0”. The
Secondary Inbound ATU Limit Register (SIALR) is ini tialized to establish the block size of
memory required by the secondary ATU. The SIALR value is based on the ins talled SDRAM
configuration. The Secondary Inbound ATU Tr anslate Value Register (SIA TVR) is initialized to
establish the translation value for Secondary PCI-to-Local acces ses. The SIATVR value is set to
reference the base of loca l S DRAM. T he Secondary Outbound Memory Window Value Register
(SOMWVR) is ini tialized to establish the translation value for Local-to-Secondary PCI accesses.
The SOMWVR value is left at its default value of “0” to allow the IQ80960R M/RN platform to
access the start of the PCI Memory address map. Likewise, the Seconda ry Outbound I/O Window
Valu e R e g i ster (SOIO WV R) is left at its defaul t value of “0” to allow th e IQ 8 0 96 0 R M /R N
platfo rm to access the start of the PCI I/O address map.
On the se condary PCI bus, the IQ80960RM/RN platform assumes the duties of PCI host and, as
such, is requir ed to configure the devices of the secondary PCI bus. Secondary Outbound
Configuration Cycle paramet ers are establi shed during secondary PCI bus configurat ion.
Secondary PCI bus con f iguration is accomplished via MON960 Extens ion routines.
5-4I Q80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Manu al
5.3MON960 Kernel
The MON960 Kernel (monitor) provides the IQ80960RM/RN user with a software platform on
which application software can be developed and run. The monitor provides several features available
to the IQ80960RM/RN user to speed application development. Among the available features are:
• Communication with a terminal or terminal emula tion package on a hos t computer through a
serial cable with automatic baud rate detection
• Communication with a software debugger such as GDB960 (available from Intel) using the
Host Debugger Interface (HDI) softwa re interface
• Communication with the host comput er via the primary PCI bus
• Downloads of ELF obje ct fil es vi a t he prim ary PCI bus or vi a the ser ial co nsole port at rat es up
to 115,200 baud
• Downloads of ELF object files via the primary PCI bus
• On-board erasure and prog rammi ng of Intel 28F016S5 Flash ROM
• Memory display and modification c apability
• Breakpoint and single-step capability to support debugging of user code
• Disassembly of i960 processor instructions
MON960 Support for IQ80960RM/RN
5.4MON960 Extensions
The monitor has been ext ended to include the secondary PCI bus initialization and also the BIOS
routines whic h are contained in the PCI BIOS Specification Revision 2.1.
5.4.1Secondary PCI Initialization
MON960 extensions are res ponsible for initializing the devices on the secondary PCI bus of the
IQ80960RM/RN platform . Secondary PCI ini tialization involves allocating address spaces
(Memory , Me mory Ma pped I/O, and I/ O), assigni ng PCI ba se a ddresse s, as signing IR Q val ues, a nd
enabling PCI mastership. MON960 does not support devices containing PCI-to-P CI bridges and
hierar chical buses.
IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Ma nual5-5
MON960 Support for IQ80960RM/RN
5.4.2PCI BIOS Routines
MON960 includes PCI BIOS rout ines to aid appli cation software initiali zation of the secondary
PCI bus. The supporte d BIOS functions ar e described in the subsections that follow.
These functions preserve, as closely as possible, the parameters and return values described in the
PCI Local Bus Specification Revision 2.1. Functions that return multiple values do so by filling in
the fields of a struct ure pa ssed by the calling r outine.
You can access these functions via a calls instruction. The system call indices are de fined in the
MON 9 60 s o ur ce file PCI_BIOS.H. The function prototypes are defined in the IQRP_ASM.H
file.
5.4.2.1sysPCIBIOSPresent
This fun ction a llo ws th e call er t o det erm ine whet her the P CI BIOS in te rfac e fun cti on set is pr ese nt,
and the cu rrent interface version level. It also provides information about the hardware mechanism
used for accessing co nfigur ation space and whethe r or not the hard ware supp orts genera tion of PCI
Special Cycle s.
Calling convention:
int sysPCIBIOSPresent (
PCI_BIOS_INFO *info
);
Return values:
This function always returns SUCCESSFUL.
5-6I Q80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Manu al
5.4.2.2sysFindPCIDevice
This functio n returns the loca tion of PCI devices that have a specific Device ID and Vendor ID.
Given a Vendor ID, a Device ID, and an Index, the function returns the Bus Number, Device
Number, and Funct ion Number of t he Nt h Device/F uncti on whose Vendor ID and Device ID mat ch
the input parameters.
Calling softw are can find all devices having the same Vendor ID and Device ID by making
successive calls to this function starting with the index set to “ 0”, and incrementing the index until
the function return s DEVICE_NOT_FOUND. A return value of BAD_VENDOR_ID indicates that
the Vendor ID value passed had a value of all “1” s.
Calling convention:
int sysFindPCIDevice (
int device_id,
int vendor_id,
int index
);
MON960 Support for IQ80960RM/RN
Return values:
This function returns SUCCESSFUL if the indicated device is located, DEVICE_NOT_FOUND if
the indicate d device cannot be loc ated, or BAD_VENDOR_ID if the ven dor_id value is illegal.
5.4.2.3sysFindPCIClassCode
This functio n r eturns the location of PCI devices that have a specif ic Class Code. Given a Class
Code and an Index, t he f unction returns the Bus Num ber , Device Num ber , and Funct ion Numbe r of
the Nth Device/Function whose Class Code matches the input parameters.
Calling software can find all devices having the sa me Class Code by making successive calls to
this functi on sta rti ng with t he i ndex set to “ 0”, a nd incre menti ng the i ndex unt il t he functio n returns
DEVICE_NOT_FOUND.
Calling convention:
int sysFindPCIClassCode (
intclass_code,
intindex
);
Return values:
This function returns SUCCESSFUL when the indicated device is located, or
DEVICE_NOT_FOUND when the indicated device cannot be located.
IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Ma nual5-7
MON960 Support for IQ80960RM/RN
5.4.2.4sysGenerateSpecialCycle
This function a llows for genera tion of PCI S peci al Cycles . The gen erate d specia l cycl e is bro adcast
on a spec if i c P CI Bu s in the syst em.
PCI Special Cycles are not supported on the IQ80960RM/RN platform secondary PCI bus.
Calling convention:
int sysGenerateSpecialCycle (
int bus_number,
int special_cycle_data
);
Return values:
Since PCI Special Cycles are not supported by the IQ80960RM/RN platform, this function always
returns FUNC_NOT_SUPPORTED.
5.4.2.5sysReadConfigByte
This function allows the caller to read individual bytes from the configuration space of a specific
device.
Calling convention:
int sysReadConfigByte (
intbus_number,
intdevice_number,
intfunction_number,
intregister_number,/* 0,1,2,...,255 */
UINT8*data
);
Return values:
This function returns SUCCESSFUL when the indicated byte was read correctly, or ERROR when
there is a problem with the parameters.
5-8I Q80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Manu al
5.4.2.6sysReadConfigWord
This function allows the caller to re ad individual shorts (16 bits) from the configuration space of a
specific device. The Regist er Number parameter must be a multi ple of t wo (i.e., bit 0 must be set to “0”).
Calling convention:
int sysReadConfigWord (
);
Return values:
This function returns SUCCESSFUL when the indicated word was read correctly, or ERROR when
there is a p ro b l em with the par am e t er s.
MON960 Support for IQ80960RM/RN
5.4.2.7sysReadConfigDword
This function allows the caller to read individual longs (32 bits) from the configuration space of a
specific device. The Register Number parameter must be a multiple of four (i.e., bits 0 and 1 must
be set to “0”) .
Calling convention:
int sysReadConfigDword (
intbus_number,
intdevice_number,
intfunction_number,
intregister_number,/* 0,4,8,...,252 */
UINT32 *data
);
Return values:
This function returns SUCCESSFUL when t he indicated long was read correctly, or E RROR when
there is a p ro b l em with the par am e t er s.
IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Ma nual5-9
MON960 Support for IQ80960RM/RN
5.4.2.8sysWriteConfigByte
This function allows the caller to w r ite in d iv id ual b ytes to th e configuration space of a specific device.
Calling convention:
int sysWriteConfigByte (
);
Return values:
This function returns SUCCESSFUL when the indicated byte was written correctly, or ERROR
when there is a problem with the parameters.
5.4.2.9sysWriteCo nfigWord
This function allows the calle r to writ e individual shorts (16 bits ) to the confi guration space of a specific
device. The Register Number parameter must be a multiple of two (i.e., bit 0 must be set to “0”).
Calling convention:
int sysWriteConfigWord (
intbus_number,
intdevice_number,
intfunction_number,
intregister_number,/* 0,2,4,...,254 */
UINT16 *data
);
Return values:
This function returns SUCCESSFUL when the indicated word was written correctly, or ERROR
when there is a problem with the parameters.
5-10IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Manu al
5.4.2.10sysWriteConfigDword
This functio n allows the caller to write individual longs (32 bits) to the configuration space of a
specific device. The Register Number parameter must be a multiple of four (i.e., bits 0 and 1 must
be set to “0”) .
Calling convention:
int sysWriteConfigDword (
This function returns SUCCESSFUL when the indicated long was written correctly, or ERROR
when the re is a problem with the p arameters.
5.4.2.11sysGetIrqRoutingOpt ion s
The PCI Interrupt routing fabric on the IQ80960RM/RN platform is not reconfigurable (fixed
mapping relationships); therefore, this function is not supported.
Calling convention:
int sysGetIrqRoutingOptions (
PCI_IRQ_ROUTING_TABLE *table
);
Return values:
This function always returns FUNC_NOT_SUPP ORTED.
IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Ma nual5-11
MON960 Support for IQ80960RM/RN
5.4.2.12sysSetPCIIrq
The PCI Interrupt rout ing fabric on the IQ80960RM/RN platform is not reconfigurable (fix ed
mapping relationships); therefore, this function is not supported.
Calling convention:
int sysSetPCIIrq (
intint_pin,
intirq_num,
intbus_dev
);
Return values:
This function always returns FUNC_NOT_SUPPORTED.
5.4.3Additional MON960 Commands
The following commands have been added to the UI int erfa ce of MON960 to support the
IQ80960RM/RN platform.
5.4.3.1print_pci Utility
A print _pc i c omma nd to MON96 0 i s acc es se d thro ug h t he MON9 60 com ma nd pro mpt . This c omm and
displays the contents of the PCI configuration space on a selected adapter on the secondary PCI interface or
on the i960 RM/RN I/O processor itself. For more information on the meaning of the fields in PCI
configuration space, refer to the PCI Local Bus Specification Revision 2.1. The syntax of this command is:
pp <bus number> <device number> <function number>
5.5Diagnostics / Example Code
IQ80960RM/RN platform diagnostic routines serve a twofold purpose: to verify proper hardware operation
and to provide example code for users who need similar functions in their applications. Diagnostic routines
fall into two categories: board level diagnostics and PCI expansion module diagnostics.
5.5.1Board Level Diagnostics
Board level diagnostics exercise all basic areas of the IQ80960RM/RN platform. Diagnostic routines
include SDRAM tests, UART tests, LED tests, internal timer tests, I
Primar y PCI bus t e sts ex erci se the pri ma ry ATU, th e PCI Do orbe ll un it, and t he PC I DMA con tr oll er.
Interru pts fr om bot h loca l and PC I sour ces a re gen erated and h andled. The PC I bus t ests r equire an ex terna l
test suite running on a PC to verify complete functionality of the IQ80960RM/RN platform.
2
C bus test s, an d pri mary PC I bus te sts .
5.5.2Secondary PCI Diagnostics
Secondary PCI diagno st ics exercise the seconda ry P CI bus , thereby confirming hardware
functionality, as well as illustrating the use of the P CI BIOS routines present in MON960.
5-12IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Manu al
Bill of MaterialsA
This appendix identifies all components on the IQ80960RN Evaluation Platform ( Table A-1), and
8
Table A-1. IQ80960RN Bill of Materials (Sheet 1 of 4)
the IQ80960RM Evaluation Platform (Table A-2).
ItemQtyLocationPart DescriptionManufacturerManufacturer Part #
11U13IC/SM 74ALS32 SOIC-14
21U6IC/SM 74ALS04 SOIC
31U3IC/SM 74ABT273 SOIC
42U1,U2IC/SM 74ABT573 SOIC
51U16IC/SM 74ALS08 SOIC
61U5IC / SM 1488A SOIC
71U7IC / SM 1489A SOIC
81Q1IC/SM Si9430DY SOIC-8SiliconixSi9430DY
91U9IC/SM LVCMOS Fanout Buffr SSOPMotorolaMPC9140
101U10IC/SM LM339 SO IC -1 4
111U8IC/SM MAX1651CSA SO IC-8MaximMAX1651C SA
674
681C63CAP TANT SM 33 µF, 10 V (7343)Sprague293D336X9016D2T
694
701C47CAP TANT SM 22 µF, 20 V (7343)Sprague293D226X9020D2T
711C74CAP TANT SM 1 µF, 16 V (3216)Sprague293D105X0016A2T
722C52, C54CAP TANT SM 10 µF, 25/35 VSprague293D1060025D2T
731C56CAP TANT SM 100 µF 10 V (7343)AVXTPSD107K010R0100
741C64CAP TANT SM 330 µF 6.3 V (7343AVXTPSE337K063R0100
753
761R46Res/SM 1 W 1% 0.012 ohm (2512)DaleWSL-2512-R012
771R21Res/SM 1 W 1% 0.05 ohm (2512)DaleWSL-2512-R050
781R52Resistor/SM 1/2 W 5% 100 ohmBeckmenBCR 1/2 101 JT
7916
802R40, R55Resistor Pk SM RNC4R8P 22 ohmCTS742083220JTR
812R15, R16Resistor Pk SM RNC4R8P 470 ohmCTS742083471JTR
821R13Resistor Pk SM RNC4R8P 1.5 KohmCTS742083152JTR
832R22, R23Resistor Pk SM RNC4R8P 30 ohmCTS742083300JTR
841CR9Diode CMPSH 3 Surface Mount
852CR6, CR7Diode SM / MBRS340T3MotorolaMBRS340T3
861CR8Diode/SM 1N4001 (CMR1-02)
871J5SDRAM, DIMM, ECC, 2Mx72, 16 MBUnigenUG52S7408GSG
882U20, U 21IC/SM TL77 02BCD
691C63CAP TANT SM 33 µF, 10 V (7343)Sprague293D336X9016D2T
704
711C47CAP TANT SM 22 µF, 20 V (7343)Sprague293D226X9020D2T
721C74CAP TANT SM 1 µF, 16 V (3216)Sprague293D105X0016A2T
732C52, C54CAP TANT SM 10 µF, 25/35 VSprague293D1060025D2T
741C56CAP TANT SM 100 µF 10 V (7343)AVXTPSD107K010R0100
751C64CAP TANT SM 330 µF 6.3 V (7343)AVXTPSE337K063R0100
763
771R46Res/SM 1 W 1% 0.012 ohm (2512)DaleWSL-2512-R012
781R21Res/SM 1 W 1% 0.05 ohm (2512)DaleWSL-2512-R050
791R52Resistor/SM 1/2 W 5% 100 ohmBeckmenBCR 1/2 101 JT
807
812R40, R55Resistor Pk SM RNC4R8P 22 ohmCTS742083220JTR
822R15, R16Resistor Pk SM RNC4R8P 470 ohmCTS742083471JTR
831R13Resistor Pk SM RNC4R8P 1.5 KohmCTS742083152JTR
842R22, R23Resistor Pk SM RNC4R8P 30 ohmCTS742083300JTR
851CR9Diode CMPSH 3 Surface Mount
862CR6, CR7Diode SM / MBRS340T3MotorolaMBRS340T3
// must be held low to e n su r e that the SD R A M is he ld in auto refr esh mode.
// Reset going high will release the hold on SCKE.
END
OUT0 = SCKE0.PIN & PRSTn//SCKE is the set term, PRSTn is the reset term
# SCKE0.PIN & OUT0.PIN
# !SCKE0.PIN & PRSTn;
SCKE0 = 0;
SCKE0.OE = !OUT0;//When OUT = 0, SCKE is grounded
//When OUT = 1, SCKE is high impedance
OUT1 = SCKE1.PIN & PRSTn
# SCKE1.PIN & OUT1.PIN
# !SCKE1.PIN & PRSTn;
SCKE1 = 0;
SCKE1.OE = !OUT1;
IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Ma nualC-1
Recycling the BatteryD
The IQ80960RM/RN platform contains four AA NiCd batteries. Ea ch battery has the logo of the
Rechar geable Battery Rec ycling Corporation (R BRC) stamped on it. The recycling fees have been
prepaid on these bat teries. Do not dispose of a rechargeab le battery wit h regular trash in a landfill.
Rechargeable batter ies contain toxic chemicals and metals that are harmful to the environment .
Improperly disposing of rechargeable batteries is also illegal. The RBRC logo on a battery is a
verification that recycling fee s have been prepaid to the RBRC and such a battery can be recycled
at no additional cost to the user . The RBRC is a non- profit corporation that pr omotes the recycling
of rechargea ble batteries, including NiCd batteries.
Information on the RBRC program and the loc ations of participating recycling centers can be
obtained by t eleph oning 1-8 00-8-B ATTER Y (in t he USA), and foll owing the re corded inst ruction s.
The information obtained from this telephone number is update d frequently, since the RBRC
program is growing, the new recycling locations are being added regularly.
IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Ma nualD-1
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