Intel® Core™ i7 Processor Extreme
Edition and Intel
®
Core™ i7
Processor
Datasheet, Volume 2
November 2008
Document Number: 320835-002
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The Intel
errata which may cause the product to de viate from published spe cifications. Current char acteriz ed err ata are a vailab le on request.
Δ
Intel processor numbers are not a measure of performance. Processor numbers differentiate features within each processor
family, not across different processor families. See http://www.intel.com/products/processor_number for details. Over time
processor numbers will increment based on changes in clock, speed, cache, FSB, or other features, and increments are not
intended to represent proportional or quantitative increases in any particular feature. Current roadmap processor number
progression is not necessarily representative of future roadmaps. See www.intel.com/products/processor_number for details.
Core™ i7 Processor Extreme Edition and Intel® Core™ i7 Processor may contain design defects or errors known as
Hyper-Threading Technology requires a computer system with a processor supporting HT Technology and an HT Technologyenabled chipset, BIOS and operating system. Performance will va ry de pe ndi ng on the specific hardware and software y ou use. For
more information including details on which processors support HT Technology, see
64 requires a computer system with a processor, chipset, BIOS, operating system, device drivers and applications enabled
Intel
®
for Intel
depending on your hardware and software configuration s. See www .intel.com/info/em64t for more information including details on
which processors support Intel
± Intel
for some uses, certain platform software, enabled for it. Functionality, performance or other benefit will vary depending on
64. Processor will not operate (including 32-bit operation) without an Intel 64-enabled BIOS. Performance will vary
®
®
Virtualization T echnology requires a compute r system with a processor, chipset, BIOS, virtual machine monitor (VMM) and
64 or consult with your system vendor for more information.
hardware and software configurations. Intel Virtualization Technology-enabled VMM applications are currently in development.
Enabling Execute Disable Bit functionality requires a PC with a processor with Execute Disable Bit capability and a supporting
operating system. Check with your PC manufacturer on whether your system delivers Execute Disable Bit functionality.
Enhanced Intel® SpeedStep Technology. See the Processor Spec Finder
Intel® Turbo Boost Technology requires a PC with a processor with Intel Turbo Boost Technology capability. Intel Turbo Boost
Technology performance varies depending on hardware, software and overall system configuration. Check with your PC
manufacturer on whether your system delivers Intel Turbo Boost Technology. For more information, see www.intel.com
Intel, Xeon, Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology and the Intel logo are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the United States and
other countries.
or contact your Intel representative for more information.
2-19 Device 6, Function 3: Integrated Memory Controller Channel 2
Thermal Control Registers............................................. .. ............................ ........36
8Datasheet
Revision History
Revision
Number
-001Initial release.November 2008
-002Updated section 2.2 and Table 2.3.November 2008
DescriptionDate
Datasheet9
10Datasheet
Introduction
1Introduction
The Intel® Core™ i7 processor Extreme Edition and Intel® Core™ i7 processor are
intended for high performance high-end desktop, Uni-processor (UP) server, and
workstation systems. The processor implements key new technologies:
• Integrated Memory Controller
• Point-to-point link interface based on Intel® QuickPath Interconnect (Intel® QPI).
Reference to this interface may sometimes be abbreviated with Intel QPI
throughout this document.
®
Note:In this document the Intel
processor will be referred to as “the processor.”
This datasheet provides register descriptions for some of the registers located on the
processor.
The processor is optimized for performance with the power efficiencies of a low-power
microarchitecture to enable smaller, quieter systems.
®
The Intel
multi-core processors, based on 45 nm process technology. Processor features vary by
component and include up to two Intel QuickPath Interconnect point to point links
capable of up to 6.4 GT/s, up to 8 MB of shared cache, and an integrated memory
controller. The processors support all the existing Streaming SIMD Extensions 2
(SSE2), Streaming SIMD Extensions 3 (SSE3) and Streaming SIMD Extensions 4
(SSE4). The processor supports several Advanced Technologies: Execute Disable Bit,
Intel
Technology (Intel® VT), Intel® Turbo Boost Technology, and Hyper-Threading
Technology.
Core™ i7 processor Extreme Edition and Intel® Core™ i7 processor are
Core™ i7 processor Extreme Edition and Intel® Core™ i7
1.1Terminology
A ‘#’ symbol after a signal name refers to an active low signal, indicating a signal is in
the active state when driven to a low level. For example, when RESET# is low, a reset
has been requested.
1.1.1Processor Terminology
Commonly used terms are explained here for clarification:
• DDR3 — Double Data Rate 3 synchronous dynamic random access memory
(SDRAM) is the name of the new DDR memory standard that is being developed as
the successor to DDR2 SDRAM.
• Enhanced Intel SpeedStep® Technology — Enhanced Intel SpeedStep
Technology allows trade-offs to be made between performance and power
consumption.
• Execute Disable Bit — Execute Disable allows memory to be marked as
executable or non-executable, when combined with a supporting operating system.
If code attempts to run in non-executable memory the processor raises an error to
the operating system. This feature can prevent some classes of viruses or worms
that exploit buffer over run vulnerabilities and can thus help improve the overall
security of the system. See the Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual for
Datasheet11
Introduction
more detailed information. Refer to http://developer.intel.com/ for future reference
on up to date nomenclatures.
• Eye Definitions — The eye at any point along the data channel is defined to be the
creation of overlapping of a large number of Unit Interval of the data signal and
timing width measured with respect to the edges of a separate clock signal at any
other point. Each differential signal pair by combining the D+ and D- signals
produces a signal eye.
• 1366-land LGA package — The processor is available in a Flip-Chip Land Grid
Array (FC-LGA) package, consisting of the processor die mounted on a land grid
array substrate with an integrated heat spreader (IHS).
• Functional Operation — Refers to the normal operating conditions in which all
processor specifications, including DC, AC, system bus, signal quality, mechanical,
and thermal, are satisfied.
• Integrated Memory Controller (IMC) — A memory controller that is integrated
in the processor silicon.
• Integrated Heat Spreader (IHS) — A component of the processor package used
to enhance the thermal performance of the package. Component thermal solutions
interface with the processor at the IHS surface.
®
• Intel
64 Architecture — An enhancement to Intel's IA-32 architec ture, allowing
the processor to execute operating systems and applications written to take
advantage of Intel 64. Further details on Intel 64 architecture and programming
model can be found at http://developer.intel.com/technology/intel64/.
®
• Intel
QuickPath Interconnect – A cache-coherent, link-based interconnect
specification for Intel processor, chipset, and I/O bridge components. Sometimes
abbreviated as Intel QPI.
• Intel® QPI — Abbreviation for Intel® QuickPath Interconnect.
• Intel® Virtualization Technology (Intel® VT) — A set of hardware
enhancements to Intel server and client platforms that can improve virtualization
solutions. Intel VT provides a foundation for widely-deployed virtualization
solutions and enables more robust hardware assisted virtualization solutions. More
information can be found at: http://www.intel.com/technology/virtualization/
• Jitter — Any timing variation of a transition edge or edges from the defined Unit
Interval.
• LGA136 6 Socket — The processor (in the LGA-1366 package) mates with the
system board through this surface mount, 1366-contact socket.
• Mirror Port - Pads located on the top side of the processor package used to
provide logic analyzer probing access for Intel QPI signal analysis.
• Non-core — The portion of the processor comprising the shared cache, IMC and
Intel QPI Link interface.
• OEM — Original Equipment Manufacturer.
• Storage Conditions — Refers to a non-operational state. The processor may be
installed in a platform, in a tray , or loose. Processors ma y be sealed in packaging or
exposed to free air. Under these conditions, processor lands should not be
connected to any supply voltages, have any I/Os biased, or receive any clocks.
®
• Intel
Core™ i7 processor Extreme Edition and Intel® Core™ i7 processor
— The desktop product, including processor substrate and integrated heat spreader
(IHS).
12Datasheet
Introduction
• Unit Interval (UI) — Signaling convention that is binary and unidirectional. In
this binary signaling, one bit is sent for every edge of the forwarded clock, whether
it be a rising edge or a falling edge. If a number of edges are collected at instances
, t2, tn,...., tk then the UI at instance “n” is defined as:
t
1
1.2References
Material and concepts available in the following documents may be beneficial when
reading this document.
Table 1-1.References
®
Core™ i7 Processor Extreme Edition and Intel® Core™ i7 Processor
The processor supports PCI configuration space accesses using the mechanism denoted
as Configuration Mechanism in the PCI specification as defined in the PCI Local Bus Specification, Revision 2.3, as well as the PCI Express* enhanced configuration
mechanism as specified in the PCI Express Base Specification, Revision 1.1. All the
registers are organized by bus, device, function, etc. as defined in the PCI Express Base Specification, Revision 1.1. All processor registers appear on the PCI bus assigned for
the processor socket. Bus number is derived by the max bus range setting and
processor socket number. All multi-byte numeric fields use “little-endian” ordering (i.e.,
lower addresses contain the least significant parts of the field).
As processor features vary by component, not all of the register descriptions in this
document apply to all processors. This document highlights registers which do not
apply to all processor components. Refer to the particular processor's Specification
Update for a list of features supported.
2.1Register Terminology
Registers and register bits are assigned one or more of the following attributes. These
attributes define the behavior of register and the bit(s) that are contained with in. All
bits are set to default values by hard reset. Sticky bits retain their states between hard
i
resets.
TermDescription
RO
WO
RW
RC
RCW
RW1C
RW0C
RW1S
RW0S
RWL
RWO
RRW
L
Read Only. If a register bit is read on ly, the hardware sets its state. The bit may be read
by software. Writes to this bit have no effect.
Write Only. The register bit is not implemented as a bit. The write causes some hardware
event to take place.
Read/Write. A register bit with this attribute can be read and written by software.
Read Clear: The bit or bits can be read by software, but the act of reading causes the
value to be cleared.
Read Clear/Write: A register bit with this attribute will get cleared after the read. The
register bit can be written.
Read/Write 1 Clear. A register bit with this attribute can be read or cleared by software.
In order to clear this bit, a one must be written to it. Writing a zero will have no effect.
Read/Write 0 Clear. A register bit with this attribute can be read or cleared by software.
In order to clear this bit, a zero must be written to it. Writing a one will have no effect.
Read/Write 1 Set: A register bit can be either read or set by software. In order to set
this bit, a one must be written to it. Writing a zero to this bit has no effect. Hardware will
clear this bit.
Read/Write 0 Set: A register bit can be either read or set by software. In order to set
this bit, a zero must be written to it. Writing a one to this bit has no effect. Hardware will
clear this bit.
Read/Write/Lock. A register bit with this attribute can be read or written by software.
Hardware or a configuration bit can lock the bit and prevent it from being updated.
Read/Write Once. A register bit with this attribute can be written to only once after
power up. After the first write, the bit becomes read only. This attribute is applied on a bit
by bit basis. For example, if the RWO attribute is applied to a 2 bit field, and only one bit
is written, then the written bit cannot be rewritten (unless reset). The unwritten bit, of the
field, may still be written once. This is special case of RWL.
Read/Restricted Write. This bit can be read and written by software. However, only
supported values will be written. Writes of non supported values will have no effect.
Lock. A register bit with this attribute becomes Read Only after a lock bit is set.
Datasheet15
TermDescription
Reserved Bit. This bit is reserved for future expansion and must not be writte n. The PCI
RSVD
Reserved Bits
Reserved
Registers
Default Value
upon a Reset
“ST” appended
to the end of a
Local Bus Specification, Revision 2.2 requires that reserved bits must be preserved. Any
software that modifies a register that contains a reserved bit is res ponsible for reading the
register, modifying the desired bits, and writing back the result.
Some of the processor registers described in this section cont ain reserv ed bits. The se bits
are labeled “Reserved”. Software must deal correctly with fields that are reserved. On
reads, software must use appropriate masks to extract the defined bits and not rely on
reserved bits being any particular value. On writes, softw are must ens ure that the values
of reserved bit positions are preserved. That is, the values of reserved bit positions must
first be read, merged with the new values for other bit positions and then written back.
Note that software does not need to perform a read-merge-write operation for the
Configuration Address (CONFIG_ADDRESS) register.
In addition to reserved bits within a register, the processor contains address locations in
the configuration space that are marked either “Reserved” or “Intel Reserved”. The
processor responds to accesses to “Reserved” address locations by completing the host
cycle. When a “Reserved” register location is read, a zero value is returned. (“Reserved”
registers can be 8, 16, or 32 bits in size). Writes to “R eser ved” register s have no effec t on
the processor. Registers that are marked as “Intel Reserved” must not be modified by
system software. Writes to “Intel Reserved” registers may cause system failure . Reads to
“Intel Reserved” registers may return a non-zero value.
Upon a reset, the processor sets all of its internal configuration register s to predetermined
default states. Some register values at reset are determined by external strapping
options. The default state represents the minimum functionality feature set required to
successfully bring up the system. Hence, it does not represent the optimal system
configuration. It is the responsibility of the system initialization software (usually BIOS) to
properly determine the DRAM configurations, operating parameters and optional system
features that are applicable, and to program the processor registers accordingly.
The bit is “sticky” or unchanged by a hard reset. These bits can only be cleared by a
PWRGOOD reset.
bit name
Register Description
2.2Platform Configuration Structure
The processor contains 6 PCI devices within a single physical component. The
configuration registers for these devices are mapped as devices residing on the PCI bus
assigned for the processor socket. Bus number is derived by the max bus range setting
and processor socket number.
• Device 0: Generic processor non-core. Device 0, Function 0 contains the generic
non-core configuration registers for the processor and resides at DID (Device ID) of
2C41h. Device 0, Function 1 contains the System Address Decode registers and
resides at DID of 2C01h.
• Device 2: Intel QPI. Device 2, Function 0 contains the Intel
Interconnect configuration registers for Intel QPI Link 0 and resides at DID of
2C10h. Device 2, Function 1 contains the physical layer registers for Intel QPI Link
0 and resides at DID of 2C11h.
• Device 3: Integrated Memory Controller . Device 3, Function 0 contains the general
registers for the Integrated Memory Controller and resides at DID of 2C18h. Device
3, Function 1 contains the Target Address Decode registers for the Integrated
Memory Controller and resides at DID of 2C19h. Device 3, Function 2 contains the
RAS registers for the Integrated Memory Controller and resides at DID of 2C1Ah.
Device 3, Function 4 contains the test registers for the Integrated Memory
Controller and resides at DID of 2C1Ch. Function 2 only applies to processors
supporting registered DIMMs.
• Device 4: Integrated Memory Controller Channel 0. Device 4, Function 0 contains
the control registers for Integrated Memory Controller Channel 0 and resides at
DID of 2C20h. Device 4, Function 1 contains the address registers for Integrated
Memory Controller Channel 0 and resides at DID of 2C21h. Device 4, Function 2
contains the rank registers for Integrated Memory Controller Channel 0 and resides
®
QuickPath
16Datasheet
Register Description
at DID of 2C22h. Device 4, Function 3 contains the thermal control registers for
Integrated Memory Controller Channel 0 and resides at DID of 2C23h.
• Device 5: Integrated Memory Controller Channel 1. Device 5, Function 0 contains
the control registers for Integrated Memory Controller Channel 1 and resides at
DID of 2C28h. Device 5, Function 1 contains the address registers for Integrated
Memory Controller Channel 1 and resides at DID of 2C29h. Device 5, Function 2
contains the rank registers for Integrated Memory Controller Channel 1 and resides
at DID of 2C2Ah. Device 5, Function 3 contains the thermal control registers for
Integrated Memory Controller Channel 1 and resides at DID of 2C2Bh.
• Device 6: Integrated Memory Controller Channel 2. Device 6, Function 0 contains
the control registers for Integrated Memory Controller Channel 2 and resides at
DID of 2C30h. Device 6, Function 1 contains the address registers for Integrated
Memory Controller Channel 2 and resides at DID of 2C31h. Device 6, Function 2
contains the rank registers for Integrated Memory Controller Channel 2 and resides
at DID of 2C32h. Device 6, Function 3 contains the thermal control registers for
Integrated Memory Controller Channel 2 and resides at DID of 2C33h.
2.3Device Mapping
Each component in the processor is uniquely identified by a PCI bus address consisting
of Bus Number, Device Number , and Function Number. Device configuration is based on
the PCI T ype 0 configur ation conventions. All processor registers appear on the PCI bus
assigned for the processor socket. Bus number is derived by the max bus range setting
and processor socket number.
Table 2-1.Functions Specifically Handled by the Processor