This guide describes HP StorageWorks RAID Manager XP (RM) and provides installation and
configuration procedures, RM command usage and references, and troubleshooting
instructions.
the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for
errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance,
or use of this material.
This document contains proprietary information, which is protected by copyright. No part of this document may be
photocopied, reproduced, or translated into another language without the prior written consent of Hewlett-Packard.
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.
Product names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies.
Hewlett-Packard Company shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein. The
information is provided “as is” without warranty of any kind and is subject to change without notice. The warranties
for Hewlett-Packard Company products are set forth in the express limited warranty statements accompanying such
products. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty.
Printed in the U.S.A.
HP StorageWorks Disk Array XP RAID Manager: User’s Guide
seventh edition (August 2004)
part number: T1610-96002
2HP StorageWorks Disk Array XP RAID Manager: User’s Guide
About this guide9
Intended audience9
Related documentation9
Conventions9
Getting help10
HP technical support10
HP storage website11
HP authorized reseller12
Revision history13
Warranty statement14
HP StorageWorks LUN Security XP Extension disclaime r16
1RAID Manager description17
RAID Manager features and environment 18
Continuous Access (CA)19
Business Copy (BC)19
RAID Manager instances20
RAID Manager command device22
Manually switching command de vices23
Contents
2Installation25
System and disk array requirements26
Using RAID Manager with Continuous Access26
Using RAID Manager with Business Copy26
Getting ready to install RA ID Manager27
Installing RAID Manager on UNIX systems28
Installing RAID Manager on Windows systems30
Installing RAID Manager on MPE/iX systems31
Contents3
Installing RAID Manager on OpenVMS systems36
Configuri ng services an d host files38
Services file configuration39
Hosts file configuration39
Paired volume configuration40
Setting Up the RM instance configuration file41
Configuration file paramet er s41
HORCM_MON section44
HORCM_CMD section47
HORCM_DEV Section50
HORCM_INST section52
Starting the instances53
Environment variables for BC53
Issuing CA commands54
3Using RAID Manager57
Using RAID Manager commands 58
Using RAID Manager commands in scripts 59
Paired CA volume status definitions60
Paired BC volume status definitions62
File types and structure64
Log files68
Log file format68
Log directories70
Output to host log file70
User-created files71
User-setta ble environm ent variables72
Correspondence between a configuration file and mirror
descriptors258
Cascading connection configuration files259
CA configuration (remote CA, two hosts)263
CA (remote CA, two host) command examples266
CA configuration (local loopback, two hosts)268
CA (local loopback, two hosts) command examples270
CA configuration (two RM instances, one host)272
CA (two RM instances, one host) command examples274
BC configuration276
BC command examples279
Configuration for a BC cascaded connection285
BC cascaded connection command examples287
Configuration for a CA/BC cascaded connection289
CA/BC cascaded connection command examples292
Two-host BC configuration295
Two BC mirror configuration297
Three-host BC configuration299
Device group configuration301
6HP StorageWorks Disk Array XP RAID Manager: User’s Guide
BHA Failover and failback303
Using RAID Manager in HA environments304
HA control script state transitions304
Failback after SVOL-SMPL takeover308
PVOL-PSUE takeover313
S-VOL data consistency function321
Takeover-switch function324
Swap-takeover function326
SVOL-takeover function328
PVOL-takeover function330
Recovery procedures of HA system configuration331
Regression and recovery of CA334
CA recovery procedures335
CFibre Channel addressing337
Fibre Channel address conversions338
DSTDIN file formats343
EPorting notice for MPE/iX345
Porting notice for MPEiX346
Introduction346
Restrictions in the current release346
Known issues and concerns349
MPE/iX startup procedures351
FPorting notice for OpenVMS355
Porting notice for OpenVMS356
Introduction356
Requirements and restrictions356
Known issues and concerns364
Command examples on DCL370
Startup procedures on bash375
Glossary379
Index387
Contents7
8HP StorageWorks Disk Array XP RAID Manager: User’s Guide
About this guide
This guide describes HP StorageWorks RAID Manager XP (RM) and
provides installation and configuration procedures, RM command usage
and references, and troubleshooting instructions. It also provides
configuration file examples and information about High Availability
failover and failback, Fibre Channel addressing, and standard input
(STDIN) file formats.
Intended audience
This guide is intended for use by sys tem admini strat ors wh o have exper tise
with storage systems and related software, including these topics:
• Data processing concepts
• Direct access storage device subsystems and their basic functions
• Disk arrays and RAID technology
• Operating system commands and utilities
Related documentation
HP provides the following related documentation:
• HP StorageWorks Continuous Access XP: User’s Guide
• HP StorageWorks Business Copy XP: User’s Guide
• HP Storage Works Command View XP for XP Disk Arrays: User Gui de
Conventions
This guide uses the following text conventions.
Figure 1Blue text represents a cross-re fe rence. For the online
version of this guide, the reference is linked to the
target.
About this guide9
www.hp.comUnderlined, blue text represents a website on the
Internet. For the online version of this guide, the
reference is linked to the target.
literalBold text represents literal values that you type exactly
as shown, as well as key and field names, menu items,
buttons, file names, application names, and dialog box
titles.
variableItalics indicates that you must supply a value. Italics is
also used for manual titles.
input/outputMonospace font denotes user input and system
responses, such as output and messages.
ExampleDenotes an example of input or output. The display
shown in this guide may not match your configuration
exactly.
[ ]Indicates an optional parameter.
{ }Indicates that you must specify at least one of the lis te d
options.
|Separates alternatives in a list of options.
Getting help
If you still have questions after reading this guide, contact your HP service
provider or access our website:
www.hp.com
HP technical support
In North America, call technical support at 1-800-652-6672, available 24
hours a day, 7 days a week.
10HP StorageWorks Disk Array XP RAID Manager: User’s Guide
HP storage website
Outside North America, call technical support at the nearest location.
Telephone numbers for worldwide technical support are listed on the HP
website under support:
Be sure to have the following information available before calling:
• technical support registration number (if applicable)
• product serial numbers
• product model names and numbers
• applicable error messages
• operating system type and revision level
• detailed, specific quest ions
For continuous quality improvement, calls may be recorded or monitored.
For the most current information about HP StorageWorks XP products,
visit the support website. Select the appropriate product or solution from
this website :
For information about product availa bili ty, configuration, and connecti vity,
consult your HP account representative.
About this guide11
HP authorized reseller
For the name of your nearest HP authorized reseller, you can obtain
information by telephone:
United States1-800-345 -1518
Canada1-800-263-5868
Or contact:
www.hp.com
12HP StorageWorks Disk Array XP RAID Manager: User’s Guide
Revision history
September 1999OPEN-8 emulation added.
January 2000Content extensively revised and reorganized.
September 2000Content extensively revised.
February 2001Added support of MPE/iX. Content significantly
March 2001Added mkconf command. Content enhanced.
November 2003Added Oracle Data Validation. Added OpenVMS.
July 2004General edit of content, layout, and language.General
enhanced.
Content significantly enhanced.
update to reflect recent changes. Modified installation
procedure. Modified doc ument to refl ect HP12 000 dis k
arrays. Added “Using RAID Manager with ‘user’
system privileges on a Windows 2000/2003 system.”
Added HP StorageWorks LUN Security XP Extension
disclaimer.
About this guide13
Warranty statement
HP warrants that for a period of ninety calendar days from the date of
purchase, as evidenced by a copy of the invoice, the media on which the
Software is furnished (if any) will be free of defects in materials and
workmanship under normal use.
DISCLAIMER. EXCEPT FOR THE FOREGOING AND TO THE
EXTENT ALLOWED BY LOCAL LAW, THIS SOFTWARE IS
PROVIDED TO YOU “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTIES OF ANY
KIND, WHETHER ORAL OR WRITTEN, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.
HP SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY, SATISFACTORY
QUALITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT, TITLE, ACCURACY OF
INFORMATIONAL CONTENT, AND FITNESS FOR A
P AR TICULAR PURPOSE. Some juris dictions do not allow e xclusion s of
implied warranties or conditions, so the above exclusion may not apply to
you to the extent prohibited by such local laws. You may have other rights
that vary from country to country, state to state, or province to province.
WARNING! YOU EXPRESSLY ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE THAT USE OF THE SOFTWARE IS AT YOUR SOLE RISK. HP
DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE FUNCTIONS CONTAINED IN
THE SOFTWARE WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS, OR THAT
THE OPERATION OF THE SOFTWARE WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED,
VIRUS-FREE OR ERROR-FREE, OR THAT DEFECTS IN THE
SOFTWARE WILL BE CORRECTED. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE
RESULTS AND PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE IS ASSUMED
BY YOU. HP DOES NOT WARRANT OR MAKE ANY
REPRESENTATIONS REGARDING THE USE OR THE RESULTS OF
THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE OR RELATED DOCUMENTATION IN
TERMS OF THEIR CORRECTNESS, ACCURACY, RELIABILITY,
CURRENTNESS, OR OTHERWISE. NO ORAL OR WRITTEN
INFORMATION OR ADVICE GIVEN BY HP OR HP’S AUTHORIZED
REPRESENTATIVES SHALL CREATE A WARRANTY.
14HP StorageWorks Disk Array XP RAID Manager: User’s Guide
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT
PROHIBITED BY LOCAL LAW, IN NO EVENT INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE WILL HP OR ITS SUBSIDIARIES, AFFILIATES,
DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS OR
SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL,
INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR OTHER
DAMAGES (INCLUDING LOST PROFIT, LOST DATA, OR
DOWNTIME COSTS), ARISING OUT OF THE USE, INABILITY
TO USE, OR THE RESULTS OF USE OF THE SOFTWARE,
WHETHER BASED IN WARRANTY, CONTRACT, TORT OR
OTHER LEGAL THEORY, AND WHETHER OR NOT ADVISED
OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. Your use of the
Software is entirely at your own ris k. Shoul d th e Soft war e prove defective,
you assume the entire cost of all service, repair or correction. Some
jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for
incidental or conse quenti al damag es, so t he above limit atio n may not a pply
to you to the extent prohibited by such local laws.
NOTE. EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY LOCAL LAW,
THESE WARRANTY TERMS DO NOT EXCLUDE, RESTRICT OR
MODIFY, AND ARE IN ADDITION TO, THE MANDATORY
STATUTORY RIGHTS APPLICABLE TO THE LICENSE OF THE
SOFTWARE TO YOU; PROVIDED
, HOWEVER, THAT THE
CONVENTION ON CONTRACTS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL
SALE OF GOODS IS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMED AND SHALL
NOT GOVERN OR APPLY TO THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED IN
CONNECTION WITH THIS W ARRANTY STATEMENT.
About this guide15
HP StorageWorks LUN Security XP Extension
disclaimer
HP StorageWorks LUN Security XP Extension provides the abil ity to place
logical volumes into secure states. In these secure states, da ta on the
volumes can not be modified until the retention time specified when the
volume is placed in the secured state has elapsed. TO THE FULLEST
EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, UNLESS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED
OTHERWISE UNDER WRITTEN AGREEMENT BETWEEN HP AND
CUSTOMER, HP WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING BUT
NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF PROFITS AND LOSS OF DATA)
REGARDLESS OF WHETHER SUCH DAMAGES ARE BASED ON
TORT, WARRANTY, CONTRACT OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY,
EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES,
ARISING OUT OF ANY PERFORMANCE OF OR IN FURTHERANCE
OF UNLOCKING OR OTHERWISE UNSECURING AT THE
REQUEST OF THE CUSTOMER DATA THAT HAS BEEN SECURED
USING HP StorageWorks LUN Security XP Extension BEFORE THE
RETENTION TIME HAS EXPIRED.
16HP StorageWorks Disk Array XP RAID Manager: User’s Guide
1
RAID Manager description
HP StorageWorks RAID Manager XP (RM) enables you to perform
operations with HP StorageWorks Continuous Access XP (CA) and HP
StorageWorks Business Copy XP (BC) by is suing comma nds fro m a serve r
host to the disk arra y. The RM software interfa ces wi th t he syste m softwa re
and high availabili ty (HA) software on the host, as well as with the BC an d
CA software on the disk array.
This manual provid es instructions for installing and u si ng t he RM sof t wa re
on various versions of UNIX, Microsoft Windows, and MPE/iX. Versions
of RM are available for several other operating systems as well.
RAID Manager description17
RAID Manager features and environment
RAID Manager lets you issue Bus in ess Copy ( BC) and Continuous Access
(CA) commands from a host. These commands can be issued from the
command line or built into a script (for example, a ksh, perl script, or DOS
batch file).
You can execute a large number of BC and CA commands in a short period
of time by using scripts containing RM commands. In MPE/iX, you can
create POSIX command scripts. For more information about scripting, see
“Using RAID Manager commands in scripts” (page 59).
RM software consists of the following:
• RM instances (daemons)
• configuration files
• BC/CA commands and shell scripts
RM uses these entities:
• command devices
• BC/CA volumes
RM runs in these (and other) environments:
UNIXRM runs on a UNIX host as the HORCM
daemon.
Windows NT/2000/2003 RM runs on a Windows NT/2000/2003 host as
a service.
MPE/iXRM runs in MPE/iX as a job stream. See
Appendix E, “Porting notice for MPE/iX” .
OpenVMSRM runs on OpenVMS as a detatched process.
See Appendix F, “Porting notice for
OpenVMS” .
18HP StorageWorks Disk Array XP RAID Manager: User’s Guide
Continuous Access (CA)
CA copies data from a local HP XP disk array to one or more remote HP
XP disk arrays. CA may b e used for data duplic ation , mi gration, and of fsite
backup.
RM displays CA volume or group information and allows you to perform
CA operations through either the command line, a script (UNI X), or a batch
file (Windows).
Business Copy (BC)
BC software allows you to c re at e and maintain up to nine copies of data on
the local disk array. These copies can be used for backup, data duplication,
or testing.
BC duplicate volumes are created within the same disk array at hardw are
speeds.
RM displays BC volume or group information and allows you to perform
BC operations through e ither th e command lin e, a script ( UNIX), or a ba tch
file (Windows).
When you use CA to make a duplicate copy of a volume on a remote disk
array, and then make up to 9 internal BC copies on the remote disk array
from that volume, you can effectively create up to 10 copies of a logical
volume on the remote disk array.
RAID Manager description19
RAID Manager instances
Each copy of RM is known as an RM instance. Instances are local or
remote and can run on the same host or different hosts. Two RM instances
are typically required to manage a BC or CA pair/group.
Local instanceThe RM instance currently being configured/used, or
Remote instanceThe RM instance that the local instance commu nicates
RM also provides failover and operation commands that can support
mutual hot standby in cooperation with indus tr y-standard failover s oftware.
There are four possible RM topologies:
• One host connected to one disk array
the instance to which commands are issued.
Local instances link to remote instances by using UDP
socket serv ices.
with, as configured in the HORCM_INST section of
an RM instance configuration file. The
HORCM_INST section defines how device groups
link to remote RM instances.
If you are using one host, both RM instances are located on the same
host.
• One host connected to two or more disk arrays
By connecting the host to two disk arrays you can implement disaster
recovery by maintaining duplicate data on two different disk arrays.
When you choose this option, the host Logical Volume Manager must
not be able to see both sides of the same BC or CA pair or it will
become confused.
• Two or more hosts connected to one disk array
If you are using two hosts, one RM instance is located on each host.
Connecting two hosts to one disk array allows you to maintain copies
of the data that are controlled by independent hosts, allowing primary
volumes (P-VOLs) to be used by one host while secondary volumes
20HP StorageWorks Disk Array XP RAID Manager: User’s Guide
(S-VOLs) are used by t he oth er host (for example, as a backup server)
for testing or data duplication.
• Two or more hosts connected to two or more disk arrays
By connecting two hosts to two or more disk arrays, you can
implement disaster recove ry by mainta ining d uplic ate dat a at a r emote
location. Two hosts connected to two disk arrays allows the most
flexible CA disaster recovery plan. The remote and local sets of data
are administered by dif feren t hosts, guar ding agains t host fai lure. This
is the configuration used by HA software, such as HP Met r oClus te r in
conjunction with RAID Manager’s horctakeover command, which
allows for both failover and failback.
RAID Manager description21
RAID Manager command device
You must designate a special volume on the disk array as the RAID
Manager command device. Th e command devi ce acce pts BC or CA control
operations. These are seen as in-band SCSI read and write commands, and
are executed by the disk array. The volume designated as the command
device is used only by RM and is blocked from other user access.
The command device can be any OPEN-x device that the host can access.
An RM command device uses a minimum of 16 MB of space. The
remaining volume space i s reserve d for RM and its utili ties. You cannot use
Logical Unit Size Expansion (LUSE) volumes as a command device;
however, you can use the Volume Size Configuration (VSC) feature of
Command View XP or LUN Configuration Manager XP to make custom
volumes as small as 36 MB.
CautionBe certain that there is no data on a volume you select as a command
device. Any data on the volume you select becomes inaccessible.
CautionMPE/iX systems will need a dummy volume set. Create this through the
VOLUTIL utilit y pro gram and scratch the volume set befor e converting to a
command device.
RM issues SCSI read/write commands to the command device. If the
command device fails for any reason, all BC and CA commands terminate
abnormally and the host cannot issue commands to the disk array.
To avoid data loss and system downtime, you can designate an alternate
command device. Then, sho uld RM receive an error notification in r ep ly to
a request, RM automatically switches to the alternate command device.
22HP StorageWorks Disk Array XP RAID Manager: User’s Guide
Manually switching command devices
To avoid having commands terminate during a f ai lur e, RM has a command
device alternating function, which allows you to manually switch devices.
• How to define alternate command devices
You can define two or more command dev ices i n the HORCM_CMD
section of the configuration definition file. If you specify two or more
devices on the same line, they are recognized as alternating control
devices for the same array. See “HORCM_C MD section” (page
47)(page 47).
• When the command device switches
When RM receives an error notification in reply from the operating
system, the command device switches to an alternate device.
You can also alternate command devices manually by issuing an RM
command. See “horcctl” (page 105).
• When to issue the alternate command device command
Issue the command to al ternate command d evices before t he command
device is about to be blocked due to online maintenance.
After completing online maintenance, reissue the alternate command
device command. The first command device is then activated.
• How RM handles multiple command devices at startup
If only one (of several) command devices from the configuration
definition file is available at RM startup, the startup log will contain a
warning.
You must confirm that RM has started without warnings in the startup
log (and that horcctl –c will change the command device).
RAID Manager description23
24HP StorageWorks Disk Array XP RAID Manager: User’s Guide
Installation
This chapter describes how to install and configure RAID Manager in
several environments.
2
Installation25
System and disk array requirements
RM requires that BC or CA b e i nstalled on the disk ar ra y. To determine the
requirements for each product, see the following manuals:
HP StorageWorks Business Copy XP: User’s Guide
HP StorageWorks Continuous Access XP: User’s Guide
Using RAID Manager with Continuous Access
Ask your HP representative to configure the disk arrays for CA functions.
Make sure of the following:
• The disk arrays have CA license keys installed.
• The sender ports (Initiator for Fibre Channel, RCP for ESCON) and
receiver ports (RCU-Target for Fibre Channel and LCP for ESCON)
are configured on the local and remote disk arrays.
• The path between the master and remote control units (CUs) is
established by using Continuous Access.
• Bidirectional swap is enabled between the primary and secondary
volumes. Verify that at least two physical links exist in each direction.
• One or more RM command dev ic es ar e s et, u s ing Command View XP
or Remote Control XP software. If neither Command View XP nor
LUN Configuration Manager XP is available, the HP representative
can configure devices by using the disk arrays’ internal service
processors (SVPs).
Using RAID Manager with Business Copy
Ask your HP representative to configure the disk array for BC functions.
Make sure of the following:
• The disk array has the BC license key installed.
• One or more RM command dev ic es ar e s et , us ing Command View XP
or Remote Control XP software. If neither Command View XP nor
LUN Configuration Manager XP is available, the HP representative
can configure devices by using the disk array’s (SVP).
26HP StorageWorks Disk Array XP RAID Manager: User’s Guide
Getting ready to install RAID Manager
You install and configure of RM with assistance from the HP
representative, if necessary.
Before you install and configure RM, your HP representative must
complete t hese prelimin ary steps:
1. Plan the mapping of the BC and CA disk volume pa irs. Determine which
volumes to access.
2. Map the disk array interfaces to be used for each host.
Note: After completing the preliminary steps above, installing and
configuring RM consists of the following tasks. Task details appear in the
subsequent sections.
• Installing RAID Manager
Install the RM software on the hosts.
• Configuring the services and hosts files
Add a service name/number to the host services file (for example,
/etc/services) for each instance of RM. Configure the hosts file.
• Setting up the RM instance configuration file
Configure paths to one or more RM command devices for each host.
All hosts and RM instances can use the same command device for a
given disk array. However, it is recommended that each host have a
unique command device.
• Starting the instances
This procedure also includes setting environment variables needed to
issue commands to the desired instance of RM.
Installation27
Installing RAID Manager on UNIX systems
Follow the steps specific to your UNIX system to install RM.
Note: If RM is alr eady ins talled and runn ing on a host , ensure th at all active
instances are shut down before performing the installation.
1. Place the CD-ROM in the CD-ROM drive.
2. Identify the CD-ROM device file to be substituted in the mount
commands below (for example, /dev/dsk/c1t1d0).
3. Log in as a root user.
su root
4. Create a CD-ROM mount directory a nd make it acce ss ible to all users.
mkdir –p /cdrom
chmod 777 /cdrom
5. Mount the CD-ROM.
HP-UXFor HP-UX, use the mount comma nd with the –f option:
mount –f cdfs –o ro /dev/dsk/c1t1d0 /cdrom
Sun SolarisFor Sun Solaris, use the mount command with the –f option:
mount –f hsfs –o ro /dev/dsk/c0t6d0s2 /cdrom/cdrom0
In most cases, Sun Solaris aut omat ica ll y mount s t he CD- ROM. If not,
use this mount command:
mount –f hsfs –o ro /vol/dev/dsk/c0t6d0/cdrom0 /cdrom/cdrom0
IBM AIXFor IBM AIX, use the mount command with the –rv option:
mount –rv cdrfs /dev/cd0 /cdrom
6. Choose a file syst em for the RM soft ware. Y o u need about 5 MB of disk
space. The standard and recommend ed file sys tem to load the soft ware
to is /opt.
28HP StorageWorks Disk Array XP RAID Manager: User’s Guide
7. From the /opt directory, use cpio to unpack the archives. Create the
HORCM directory if it does not already exist.
cd /opt
mkdir HORCM (choose the next command according to your OS)
cat /cdrom/LINUX/rmxp* | cpio –idum(or)
cat /cdrom/AIX/rmxp* | cpio –idum(or)
cat /cdrom/DIGITAL/rmxp* | cpio –idum(or)
cat /cdrom/HP_UX/rmxp* | cpio -idum(or)
cat /cdrom/SOLARIS/rmxp* | cpio –idum
8. Change the directory to /opt/HORCM and verify the contents.
cd /opt/HORCM