HP (Hewlett-Packard) EPM E4419A, EPM-442A User Manual

User’s Guide

HP EPM E4419A

EPM-442A Power Meter

HP Part no. E4419-90000

April 23, 1997

written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws.

Printed in the UK.

ii HP EPM-442A User’s Guide

Legal Information

Notice

Information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and ﬁtness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishings, performance, or use of this material. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another language without the prior written consent of HP.

Certiﬁcation

Hewlett-Packard Company certiﬁes that this product met its published speciﬁcations at the time of shipment from the factory. Hewlett-Packard further certiﬁes that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology, to the extent allowed by the Institute’s calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members.

Warranty

This Hewlett-Packard instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment. During the warranty period, Hewlett-Packard Company will at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective. F or warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by HP. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to HP and HP shall pay shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to HP from another country. HP warrants that its software and ﬁrmware designated by HP for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument. HP does not warrant that the operation of the instrument, or ﬁrmware will be uninterrupted or error free.

HP EPM-442A User’s Guide iii

Legal Information

Limitation of Warranty

The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modiﬁcation or misuse, operation outside of the environmental speciﬁcations for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance. NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED . HP SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Exclusive Remedies

THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. HP SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.

iv HP EPM-442A User’s Guide

Equipment Operation

Warnings and Cautions

This guide uses warnings and cautions to denote hazards.

WARNING A warning calls attention to a procedure, practice or the

like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or the loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

Caution A caution calls attention to a procedure, practice or the like which,

if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or the destruction of part or all of the equipment. Do not proceed beyond a caution until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

Personal Safety Considerations

WARNING This is a Safety Class I product (provided with a protective

earthing ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective conductor, inside or outside the instrument, is likely to make the instrument dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited. If this instrument is not used as speciﬁed, the protection provided by the equipment could be impaired. This instrument must be used in a normal condition (in which all means of protection are intact) only. No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualiﬁed personnel. To prevent electrical shock, do not remove covers. For continued protection against ﬁre hazard, replace the line fuse(s) only with fuses of the same type and rating (for example, normal blow, time delay, etc.). The use of other fuses or material is prohibited.

HP EPM-442A User’s Guide v

General Safety Considerations

WARNING Before this instrument is switched on, make sure it has

been properly grounded through the protective conductor of the ac power cable to a socket outlet provided with protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective (grounding) conductor, inside or outside the instrument, or disconnection of the protective earth terminal can result in personal injury.

Caution Any adjustments or service procedures that require operation of

the instrument with protective covers removed should be performed only by trained service personnel.

Markings

The CE mark shows that the product complies with all the relevant European legal Directives (if accompanied by a year, it signiﬁes when the design was proven.

GROUP 1

ISM

vi HP EPM-442A User’s Guide

CLASS A

This is the symbol of an Industrial Scientiﬁc and Medical Group 1 Class A product.

The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association.

External Protective Earth Terminal.

While this is a Class I product, provided with a protective earthing conductor in a power cord, an external protective earthing terminal has also been provided. This terminal is for use where the earthing cannot be assured. At least an 18AWG earthing conductor should be used in such an instance, to ground the instrument to an assured earth terminal.

General Safety Considerations

IEC 1010-1 Compliance

This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publication 1010-1 +A1:1992 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use and has been supplied in a safe condition. The instruction documentation contains information and warnings which must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the instrument in a safe condition.

HP EPM-442A User’s Guide vii

Regulatory Information

Sound Emission

Herstellerbescheinigung

Diese Information steht im Zusammenhang mit den Anforderungen der Maschinenlarminformationsverordnung vom 18 Januar 1991.

• Sound Pressure LpA < 70 dB.

• Am Arbeitsplatz.

• Normaler Betrieb.

• Nach DIN 45635 T. 19 (Typprufung).

Manufacturers Declaration

This statement is provided to comply with the requirements of the German Sound DIN 45635 T. 19 (Typprufung).

• Sound Pressure LpA < 70 dB.

• At operator position.

• Normal operation.

• According to ISO 7779 (Type Test).

Australian EMC Regulations

The C-Tick mark is a registered trademark of the Spectrum Management Agency of Australia. This signiﬁes compliance with the Australian EMC Framework Regulations under the terms of the Radiocommunications Act of 1992.

viii HP EPM-442A User’s Guide

Declaration of Conformity

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

according to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and EN45014

Manufacturer’s Name: Hewlett-Packard Limited.

Manufacturer’s Address: Queensferry Microwave Division

South Queensferry, West Lothian, EH30 9TG. Scotland, United Kingdom.

Declares that the product: Product Name: Power Meter Model Number(s): HP EPM-441A and HP EPM-442A Product Option(s): All

Conforms to the following Product Speciﬁcations: Safety : EN61010-1:1993/IEC 1010-1:1990+A1/CSA C22.2

No. 1010-1:1993 EN60825-1:1994/IEC 825-1:1993 Class 1

EMC : EN 55011:1991/CISPR11:1990, Group 1-Class A

EN 50082-1:1992

Supplementary Information:

The product herewith complies with the requirements of the Low Voltage Directive 72/23/EEC and the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC and carries the CE-marking accordingly.

South Queensferry, Scotland December 1 1996

Location Date R.M. Evans/Quality Manager

European Contact:

Your local Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Ofﬁce or Hewlett-Packard GmbH, Department ZQ / Standards Europe, Herrenberger Strasse 130, D-7030 Boeblingen, Germany (FAX +49-7031-143143)

HP EPM-442A User’s Guide ix

List of Related Publications

The HP EPM-442A User’s Guide is also available in the following languages:

• English Language User’s Guide - Standard

• German Language User’s Guide - Option ABD

• Spanish Language User’s Guide - Option ABE

• French Language User’s Guide - Option ABF

• Italian Language User’s Guide - Option ABZ

• Japanese Language User’s Guide - Option ABJ

HP EPM-441A/442A Programming Guide is shipped as standard. HP EPM-441A/442A Service Guide is available by ordering Option 915. HP EPM-441A/442A CLIPs (Component Location and Information Pack)

is available by ordering E4418-90007. Useful information on SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable

Instruments) can be found in:

• A Beginner’s Guide to SCPI, which is available by ordering HP Part Number 5010-7166.

• The SCPI reference manuals which are available from: SCPI Consortium, 8380 Hercules Drive, Suite P3, La Mesa, CA 91942, USA. Telephone: 619-697-4301 Fax: 619-697-5955

x HP EPM-442A User’s Guide

HP EPM-442A Options

The HP EPM-442A power meters have the following options available:

• Option 002, supplies parallel rear panel sensor input(s). The power reference oscillator output is on the front panel.

• Option 003, supplies parallel rear panel sensor input(s). The power reference oscillator output is also on the rear panel.

• Option 004, deletes the HP 11730A sensor cable(s) provided.

• Option 0BO, deletes manual set.

• Option 908, provides rackmount kit for one instrument.

• Option 909, provides rackmount kit for two instruments.

• Option 915, provides the HP EPM-441A/442A Service Guide.

• Option 916, provides an additional HP EPM-442A User’s Guide and HP EPM-441A/442A Programming Guide.

• Option 1BN, provides MIL-STD 45662A, ANSI/NCSL Z540-1-1994 Certiﬁcate of Calibration.

• Option 1BP, provides MIL-STD-45662A, ANSI/NCSL Z540-1-1994 Certiﬁcate of Calibration and data.

Available Accessories

• HP 34161A Accessory Pouch

• The following HP power sensor cables are available:

■ HP 11730A 1.5 m (7.5 ft)

■ HP 11730B 3 m (10 ft)

■ HP 11730C 6.1 m (20 ft)

■ HP 11730D 15.2 m (50 ft)

■ HP 11730E 30.5 m (100 ft)

■ HP 11730F 61 m (200 ft)

HP EPM-442A User’s Guide xi

About this Guide

Chapter 1: Getting Started

This chapter prepares the power meter for use and helps you to get familiar with a few of the front panel features.

Chapter 2: Power Meter Operation

This chapter gives a detailed description of the capabilities and operation of the power meter. You will ﬁnd this chapter useful when you are operating the power meter from the front panel.

Chapter 3: Menu Map Reference

This chapter details diagrammatically the menu maps for the power meter. It also gives a description of all the power meter’s keys.

Chapter 4: Error Messages

This chapter lists the error messages that may appear as you are working with the power meter. Each description contains information to help you diagnose and solve the problem.

Chapter 5: Speciﬁcations

This chapter lists the power meter’s speciﬁcations and describes how to interpret these speciﬁcations.

xii HP EPM-442A User’s Guide

Table of Contents

Page

Legal Information ........................................................................iii

Equipment Operation................................................................... v

Personal Safety Considerations............................................. v

General Safety Considerations.................................................... vi

Markings................................................................................ vi

IEC 1010-1 Compliance........................................................ vii

Regulatory Information.............................................................viii

Sound Emission...................................................................viii

Australian EMC Regulations..............................................viii

Declaration of Conformity........................................................... ix

List of Related Publications ......................................................... x

HP EPM-442A Options................................................................ xi

Available Accessories ............................................................xi

About this Guide.........................................................................xii

Getting Started.................................................................................... 1-1

Introduction................................................................................... 1-2

Turning On the Power Meter....................................................... 1-3

The Front Panel at a Glance ........................................................ 1-4

The Display Layout....................................................................... 1-7

Selecting Your Display Layout.............................................. 1-9

Display Tutorial...................................................................... 1-10

Window Symbols........................................................................... 1-12

Warning Symbol..................................................................... 1-12

Confirmation Window ............................................................ 1-12

Wait Symbol............................................................................ 1-12

1 of N Entry Window.............................................................. 1-13

Numeric or Alphanumeric Entry Window............................ 1-13

The Rear Panel at a Glance................................................... 1-14

Adjusting the Carrying Handle............................................. 1-16

Rack Mounting the Power Meter........................................... 1-17

HP EPM-442A User’s Guide Contents-1

Power Meter Operation..................................................................... 2-1

Introduction................................................................................... 2-2

Zeroing the Power Meter.............................................................. 2-3

Calibrating the Power Meter........................................................ 2-4

Calibration Procedure Using HP E-Series

Power Sensors......................................................................... 2-5

Calibration Procedure using HP 8480 Series

Power Sensors......................................................................... 2-5

Making Measurements with the HP E-Series

Power Sensors............................................................................... 2-8

Procedure................................................................................ 2-8

Making Measurements with the HP 8480 Series

Power Sensors............................................................................... 2-10

Procedure................................................................................ 2-10

Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables........... 2-13

Selecting a Sensor Calibration Table.................................... 2-13

Making the Measurement...................................................... 2-14

Editing Sensor Calibration Tables........................................ 2-15

Setting the Units of Measurement............................................... 2-22

Selecting Units of Measurement from the Softkeys ................... 2-23

Making Relative Measurements.................................................. 2-24

Procedure................................................................................ 2-24

Setting the Resolution.................................................................. 2-25

Setting Offsets............................................................................... 2-26

Setting Channel Offsets......................................................... 2-26

Setting Display Offsets .......................................................... 2-26

Setting Averaging......................................................................... 2-28

Measuring Pulsed Signals............................................................ 2-30

Setting Measurement Limits ....................................................... 2-32

Checking for Limit Failures................................................... 2-33

Channel Measurements................................................................ 2-35

Making Difference Measurements............................................... 2-36

Making Ratio Measurements....................................................... 2-37

Selecting a Digital or Analog Display.......................................... 2-38

Setting the Range ......................................................................... 2-41

Configuring the Remote Interface................................................ 2-42

HP-IB Address........................................................................ 2-42

Recorder Output............................................................................ 2-43

Leveling a Source Output ...................................................... 2-44

Saving and Recalling Power Meter Configurations.................... 2-45

How Measurements are Calculated............................................. 2-47

Presetting the Power Meter ......................................................... 2-48

Preset Conditions ................................................................... 2-48

Contents-2 HP EPM-442A User’s Guide

Self Test......................................................................................... 2-50

Power On Self Test................................................................. 2-50

Front Panel Selection of Self Tests........................................ 2-51

HP-IB Testing......................................................................... 2-53

Test Descriptions.................................................................... 2-54

Operator Maintenance.................................................................. 2-56

Replacing the Power Line Fuse............................................. 2-56

Contacting Hewlett-Packard........................................................ 2-57

Before calling Hewlett-Packard............................................. 2-57

Check the Basics..................................................................... 2-58

Instrument serial numbers.................................................... 2-58

Sales and Service Offices ....................................................... 2-60

Returning Your Power Meter for Service.............................. 2-63

Menu Reference................................................................................... 3-1

Introduction................................................................................... 3-2

The Front Panel Menu Maps ....................................................... 3-3

dBm/W Menu..........................................................................3-3

Frequency/Cal Fac Menu....................................................... 3-4

Meas Setup Menu................................................................... 3-5

Rel/Offset Menu...................................................................... 3-6

Save/Recall Menu................................................................... 3-6

System Inputs Menu.............................................................. 3-7

System Inputs Menu Continued............................................ 3-8

Zero/Cal Menu ........................................................................ 3-9

Front Panel Menu Reference........................................................ 3-10

Diagrammatical Hardkeys..................................................... 3-27

Error Messages .................................................................................... 4-1

Introduction................................................................................... 4-2

Error Messages ............................................................................. 4-4

Specifications....................................................................................... 5-1

Introduction................................................................................... 5-2

Power Meter Specifications.......................................................... 5-3

Meter.......................................................................................5-3

Accuracy.................................................................................. 5-4

Power Reference ..................................................................... 5-5

Power Meter Supplemental Characteristics................................ 5-6

Power Reference ..................................................................... 5-6

Measurement Speed............................................................... 5-6

Zero Drift of Sensors............................................................... 5-7

Measurement Noise................................................................ 5-7

Settling Time.......................................................................... 5-9

HP EPM-442A User’s Guide Contents-3

Power Sensor Specifications .................................................. 5-12

General Characteristics................................................................ 5-13

Rear Panel Connectors........................................................... 5-13

Environmental Characteristics.................................................... 5-14

General Conditions................................................................. 5-14

Operating Environment......................................................... 5-14

Storage Conditions................................................................. 5-14

General.......................................................................................... 5-15

Dimensions ............................................................................. 5-15

Weight..................................................................................... 5-15

Safety ...................................................................................... 5-15

Remote Programming ............................................................ 5-15

Non-Volatile Memory............................................................. 5-15

Contents-4 HP EPM-442A User’s Guide

List of Figures

Page

2-1 “Sensor Tbls” Screen.................................................................. 2-14

2-2 “Edit Cal” Screen ....................................................................... 2-16

2-3 Effect of Offsets on a Channel Measurement........................... 2-27

2-4 Effect of Offsets on a Maths Measurement..............................2-27

2-5 Averaged Readings.................................................................... 2-29

2-6 Pulsed Signal ............................................................................. 2-30

2-7 Limits Checking Application..................................................... 2-32

2-8 Limits Checking Results ........................................................... 2-33

2-9 Pass/Fail Limit Indicators......................................................... 2-34

2-10 Digital Display........................................................................... 2-38

2-11 Analog Display........................................................................... 2-38

2-12 Digital and Analog Display....................................................... 2-38

2-13 Test Setup for Recording Swept Measurements...................... 2-43

2-14 “Save/Recall” Screen.................................................................. 2-46

2-15 How Measurements are Calculated.......................................... 2-47

2-16 Replacing the Fuse .................................................................... 2-56

4-1 Error Annunciator Position....................................................... 4-2

HP EPM-442A User’s Guide Contents-5

Contents-6 HP EPM-442A User’s Guide

List of Tables

Page

2-1 Connecting the HP 8480 Series Power Sensors During

Calibration ................................................................................. 2-7

2-2 Measurement Units................................................................... 2-22

3-1 .................................................................................................... 3-11

5-1 Zero Set Specifications .............................................................. 5-4

5-2 Noise Multiplier......................................................................... 5-7

5-3 Power Sensor Specifications...................................................... 5-8

5-4 Settling Time ............................................................................. 5-9

5-5 Settling Time ............................................................................. 5-10

HP EPM-442A User’s Guide Contents-7

Contents-8 HP EPM-442A User’s Guide

Getting Started

Introduction

One of the ﬁrst things you will want to do with your power meter is to switch it on and become acquainted with its front panel. The sections in this chapter prepare the power meter for use and help you get familiar with some of the front panel operations.

The front panel consists of both hardkeys and softkeys which allow you to select various functions and operations. When some hardkeys are selected the corresponding softkey labels are displayed on the power meter display.

If you are using the power meter remotely refer to the HP EPM-441A/442A Programming Guide for remote operating details.

1-2 HP EPM-442A User’s Guide

Getting Started

Turning On the Power Meter

The following steps show you how to turn on the power meter and verify that it is operating correctly.

1. Connect the power cord and turn on the power meter.

The front panel display and the green power LED light up when

the power meter is switched on. The power meter performs it’s

power on self test. If the self test is not successful the error

annunciator turns on. If this occurs contact your Hewlett-Packard

Sales and Service ofﬁce for instructions on returning the power

meter to Hewlett-Packard for service.

Caution This instrument is designed for use in Installation Category II and

Pollution Degree 2 per IEC 1010 and 664 respectively.

Caution This instrument has an autoranging line voltage input, be sure

the supply voltage is within the range of 85 to 264 Vac.

Note If the power meter has been stored at extremely low temperatures

outwith the operating range of the power meter, the display may take a few minutes to operate.

2. Set the display contrast if required.

The display contrast is adjusted by pressing and . If

these softkeys are not displayed press repeatedly until they

appear.

3. Connect the power sensors.

Connect one end of each of the sensor cables to the power meter’s

channel inputs and the other ends to the power sensors.

4. Making a measurement.

A minimum warm up time of 30 minutes is recommended before

accurate measurements can be made.

Prior to making your ﬁrst measurement you must zero and

calibrate the sensor and meter combination. Refer to Chapter 2 for

further information if you are not familiar with zeroing,

calibrating or making measurements with a power meter.

HP EPM-442A User’s Guide 1-3

Getting Started

The Front Panel at a Glance

101112

Preset Local

This hardkey allows you to preset the power meter if you are currently working in local mode (that is, front panel operation). In local mode a conﬁrmation pop up window is displayed prior to a preset being carried out. However, if you are in remote mode (that is, HP-IB operation), then pressing this hardkey places the power meter in local mode provided local lock out (LLO) is not enabled.

2. Hardkeys relating to the display layout.

This hardkey allows you to select the upper or lower measurement window on the power meter’s display. The window which is selected is highlighted by a shadowed box. Any measurement setup you create is implemented in the selected window.

This hardkey allows you to choose either a one or a two window display.

1-4 HP EPM-442A User’s Guide

Getting Started

The Front Panel at a Glance

This hardkey switches the power meter between on and standby. When the power meter is switched to standby (that is, when this hardkey has not been selected but the line power is connected to the instrument) the red LED is lit. When the power meter is switched on the green LED is lit.

4. “System/Inputs” hardkey with softkey menu.

System

The hardkey allows access to softkey menus which affect

Inputs

the general power meter system setup, (for example the HP-IB address) and also to softkey menus which effect the setup of the channel inputs. Refer to Chapter 3 for further information about this hardkey and it’s softkey menu.

Save

Recall

This hardkey is the only one that is completely dedicated to the control of the power meter as a system. The only other hardkey which affects system parameters is the hardkey. Refer to

System Inputs

Chapter 3 for further information about this hardkey and it’s softkey menu.

6. Dedicated “Window” hardkeys with softkey menus.

Meas Setup

Rel

Offset

dBm/W

These hardkeys allow access to softkey menus which affect the setup of the measurement windows. Refer to Chapter 3 for further information about these hardkeys and their softkey menus.

7. Dedicated “Channel” hardkeys with softkey menus.

Frequency Cal Fac

Zero

Cal

These hardkeys allow access to softkey menus which affect the measurement channel. Refer to Chapter 3 for further information about these hardkeys and their softkey menus.

8. Channel Inputs.

The HP EPM-442A has two sensor inputs. Power meters conﬁgured with options 002 or 003 have the sensor inputs on the rear panel and the front panel.

HP EPM-442A User’s Guide 1-5

Getting Started

The Front Panel at a Glance

9. POWER REF Output.

The power reference output is a 50 Ω type N connector . The output signal of 1 mW at 50 MHz is used for calibrating the sensor and meter combination. Power meters conﬁgured with option 003 have the power reference on the rear panel.

10. Arrow hardkeys.

, , and hardkeys allow you to move the position of the cursor, select ﬁelds for editing, and edit alphanumeric characters. Refer to Chapter 3 for further information.

11. Menu related hardkeys.

This hardkey allows you to move through all pages of a menu. The bottom right of the power meter display indicates the number of pages in the menu. For example, if “1 of 2” is displayed, pressing moves you to “2 of 2”. Pressing again moves you back to “1 of 2”.

This hardkey allows you to move back one level in the softkey menu. Repeatedly pressing accesses a menu which allows you to increase and decrease the display contrast.

More More

12. Softkeys.

These four keys are used to make a selection from the menus.

1-6 HP EPM-442A User’s Guide

Getting Started

The Display Layout

The following ﬁgure details the display layout when two measurement windows are displayed, one analog and one digital. However it is possible using the key to display just one measurement window.

3 4

1. The status reporting line displays ﬁve ﬁelds, three associated with the HP-IB status and two associated with error and warning conditions. The ﬁrst ﬁeld displays either “RMT” (remote, HP-IB operation) or “LCL” (local, front panel operation). The second ﬁeld displays “TLK” if the power meter is addressed to talk or “LSN” if it is addressed to listen. The third ﬁeld indicates an “SRQ” (service request). The fourth ﬁeld indicates “ERR” for any error conditions. The last ﬁeld is used to report error and warning messages.

2. This ﬁeld displays the channel setup being measured, either A, B, A/B, B/A, A-B or B-A.

3. The measurement data is displayed in either one or two rectangular windows depending on the setting of . Pressing

allows you to toggle between a one or two window display. When two windows are displayed and this hardkey is pressed the single window then displayed is the one which was previously highlighted with the shadowed box. On the two window display the measurement setup menus work on the window which is shadowed.

4. This is the measurement result ﬁeld.

1011121314

HP EPM-442A User’s Guide 1-7

Getting Started

The Display Layout

5. This ﬁeld displays the units of measurement, either dBm, dB, Watts or %.

6. This window is conﬁgured to show an analog meter which displays the measurement result and the meter scaling.

7. This ﬁeld displays the number of pages in the current softkey menu. For example , “1 of 2” indicates that there are two pages of softkeys and you are on the ﬁrst page. Pressing moves you

to page “2 of 2”.

8. Any softkeys available are displayed in these four ﬁelds.

9. This ﬁeld displays the title of the menu. For example, when the power meter is initially switched on the “Contrast” menu is displayed, and, if you press “Zero/Cal” is displayed.

Zero Cal

10. This ﬁeld indicates if the measurement result is outwith the upper or lower limits set. If the measurement is within the limits this ﬁeld is empty. If the measurement result is less than the minimum limit set, “Undr Lmt” is displayed. If the measurement result is more than the maximum limit set, “Over Lmt” is displayed. Refer to “Setting Measurement Limits”, on page 2-32 for further information.

11. This ﬁeld displays “Rel” if relative mode is on. Refer to “Making Relative Measurements”, on page 2-24 for further information.

12. This ﬁeld displays “Ofs” if an offset is set. Refer to “Setting Offsets”, on page 2-26 for further information.

13. This ﬁeld displays “Rng Hld” if a range is selected. Refer to “Setting the Range”, on page 2-41 for further information.

14. This ﬁeld displays “Dty Cyc” if a duty cycle is set. This allows you to measure the power of a pulsed signal. Refer to “Measuring Pulsed Signals”, on page 2-30 for further information.

15. This ﬁeld displays the currently selected frequency or calibration factor.

1-8 HP EPM-442A User’s Guide

Getting Started

The Display Layout

Selecting Your Display Layout

Your power meter display is extremely ﬂexible. It can be used to display a variety of different measurements and windows depending on your needs. The following diagram details the various options available to you.

Display

Select using

One Window

Measurement Type

A, B, A/B, B/A,

A-B, B-A

Digital

Display

Select using

Meas

, Input Select

Setup

Select using

Meas

, Display Format

Setup

Analog

Display

Upper

Window

Measurement Type

A, B, A/B, B/A,

A-B, B-A

Meas Setup

Digital

Display

Analog

Display

Two Windows

Select using

Meas

, Input Select

Setup

Select using

, Display Format

Lower

Window

Measurement Type

A, B, A/B, B/A,

A-B, B-A

Digital

Display

Analog

Display

HP EPM-442A User’s Guide 1-9

Getting Started

The Display Layout

Display Tutorial

If you wish to experiment with the display layout before you move on to make measurements, the following procedure guides you through a few of the display setups you can choose.

1.Press , .

Preset Local

Notice that the upper window is the one which is highlighted by the dark box.

2.Press . The display remains the same apart from the fact that it is now the lower window that is highlighted by the shadowed box.

Confirm

3.Press , ,

Meas Setup

Meter Dgtl Anlg

Display Format

(Anlg should be highlighted). The display now shows one analog and one digital window.

4.Press . The display now only shows one window. This is the analog window which was selected in the previous step.

5.Press . The display now shows only the digital window.

1-10 HP EPM-442A User’s Guide

+ 134 hidden pages