HP E1563A, E1564A User Manual

Table of Contents

HP E1563A and HP E1564A Digitizer

HEWLETT-PACKARD WARRANTY STATEMENT ..............................................3

Safety Symbols ...........................................................................................................4

WARNINGS.................................................................................................................4

Declaration of Conformity............................................................................................5

WARNINGS.................................................................................................................6

Reader Comment Sheet ................................................................................................7

Chapter 1

Digitizer Module Set-up ................................................................................................9

Using This Chapter.............................................................................. .........................9

Installing the Digitizer in a Mainframe.......................................................................15

Cable Connector Assembly Instructions.....................................................................20

Chapter 2

Digitizer Application Information ..............................................................................25

Using this Chapter ......................................................................................................25

Digitizer Block Diagrams...........................................................................................25

Power-on and Reset State...........................................................................................27

Triggering the Digitizer..............................................................................................29

Input Overload Condition...........................................................................................34

HP E1563A and E1564A Digitizer Application Examples........................................35

Chapter 3

Digitizer Command Reference ...................................................................................39

ABORt........................................................................................................................42

CALCulate..................................................................................................................43

CALibration................................................................................................................47

DIAGnostic.................................................................................................................55

FORMat......................................................................................................................63

INITiate.......................................................................................................................64

INPut...........................................................................................................................66

OUTPut.......................................................................................................................68

[SENSe:].....................................................................................................................70

SAMPle.......................................................................................................................78

STATus.......................................................................................................................83

SYSTem......................................................................................................................87

TEST...........................................................................................................................88

TRIGger......................................................................................................................94

IEEE 488.2 Common Command Quick Reference..................................................100

Contents 1

Appendix A

HP E1563A and E1564A Digitizer

Specifications ..............................................................................................................111

Appendix B

HP E1563A and E1564A

About This Appendix................................................................................................113

Program Timing and Execution................................................................................130

Appendix C

HP E1563A and E1564A Digitizer

Error Messages ..........................................................................................................139

Execution Errors.......................................................................................................139

Self-Test Errors.........................................................................................................144

Calibration Errors .....................................................................................................144

Appendix D

HP E1563A and E1564A

Verification Tests .......................................................................................................145

Introduction...............................................................................................................145

Verification Tests......................................................................................................146

Performance Verification Test Programs .................................................................146

Functional Test .........................................................................................................147

Performance Verification.......................................... ......... .......................................148

Performance Test Record................................. ......... ................................................152

Appendix E

HP E1563A and E1564A

Adjustments ................................................................................................................157

Introduction...............................................................................................................157

Adjustment Procedures.............................................................................................158

2 Contents

HEWLETT-PACKARD WARRANTY STATEMENT

HP PRODUCT: HP E1563A 2-Channel/E1564A 4-Channel Digitizer DURATION OF WARRANTY: 3 years

1. HP warrants HP hardware, accessori es and supplies against defects in materials and workmanship for the period specified above. If HP receives notice o f such defects during the warranty peri od, HP will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective. Replacement products may be either new or like-new.

2. HP warrants that HP software will not fail to execut e its programming instructions, for the period specified above, due to defects in material and workmanship when properly installed and used. If HP receives notice of such defe cts during the warranty period, HP will replace software media which does not execute its programming instructions due to such defects.

3. HP does not warrant that the operation of HP products will be interrupted or error free. If HP is unable, within a reasonable time, to repair or replace any product to a condition as warranted, customer will be entitled to a refund of the purchase price upon prompt return of the product.

4. HP products may con tain remanufactured parts equivalent to new in performance or may have been subject to incidental use.

5. The warranty period begins on the date of delivery or on the date of installation if installed by HP. If customer schedules or dela ys HP installation more than 30 days after delivery, warranty begins on the 31st day from delivery.

6. Warranty does not apply to defects resulting from (a) improper or inadequate maintenance or calibration, (b) software, interfacing, parts or supplies not supplied by HP, (c) unauthorized modification or misuse, (d) operation outside of the published environmental specifications for the product, or (e) improper site preparation or maintenance.

7. TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY LOCAL LAW, THE ABOVE WARRANTIES ARE EXCLUSIVE AND NO OTHER WARRANTY OR CONDITION, WHETHER WRITTEN OR ORAL, IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED AND HP SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY, SATISFACTORY QUALITY, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

8. HP will be liable for damage to tangible property per incident up to the greater of $300,000 or the actual amount paid for the product that is the subject of the claim, an d for damages for bodily injury or death, to the extent that all su ch damages are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to have been directly ca used by a defective HP product.

9. TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY LOCAL LAW, THE REMEDIES IN THIS WARRANTY STATEMENT ARE CUSTOMER’S SOLE AND EXLUSIVE REMEDIES. EXCEPT AS INDICATED ABOVE, IN NO EVENT WILL HP OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR LOSS OF DATA OR FOR DIRECT, SP ECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL (INCLUDING LOST PROFIT OR DATA), OR OTHER DAMAGE, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT, TORT, OR OTHERWISE.

FOR CONSUMER TRANSACTIONS IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND: THE WARRANTY TERMS CONTAINED IN THIS STATEMENT, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT LAW FULLY PERM ITTED, DO NOT EXCLUDE, RESTRICT OR MODIFY AND AR E IN ADDITION TO THE MANDATORY STATUTORY RIGHTS APPLICABLE TO THE SALE OF THIS PRODUCT TO YOU.

U.S. Government Restricted Rights

The Software and Documentation have been developed entirely at private expense. They are delivered and licensed as "commercial computer software" as defined in DFARS 252.227- 7013 (Oct 1988), DFARS 252.211-7015 (May 1991) or DFARS 252.227-7014 (Jun

1995), as a "commercial item" as defined in FAR 2.101(a), or as "Restricted computer soft ware" as defined in FAR 52.227-19 (Jun

1987)(or any equivalent agency regulation or contract clause), whichever is applicable. You have only those rights provided for such Software and Documentation by t he applicable FAR or DFARS clause or the HP standard software agreement for the product involved.

HP E1563A 2-Channel/E1564A 4-Channel Digitizer User's SCPI Programming Manual

Copyright © 1998 Hewlett-Packard Company. All Rights Reserved.

Edition 2

Documentation History

All Editions and Updates of t his manu al and th eir creati on da te are list ed belo w. The first Edition of the m anual is Ed ition 1. The Edition number increments by 1 whenever the manual is revised. Updates, which are issued between Editions, contain replacement pages to correct or add additional information to the current Edition of the manual. Whenever a new Edition is created, it will contain all of the Update information for the previous E dition. Each new Edition or Update also inc ludes a revised c opy of this do cumentation history page.

Edition 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .October 1997

Edition 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 1998

Safety Symbols

Instruction manual symbol affixed to

Instruction manual symbol affixed to product. Indicates that the user must refer to

product. Indicates that the user must refer to the manual for specific WARNING or

the manual for specific WARNING or CAUTION information to av oid personal

CAUTION information to av oid personal injury or damage to the product.

injury or damage to the product.

Indicates the field wiring te rminal that must be connected to earth ground be fore

operating the equipmentÅprotects against electrical shock in case of fault.

WARNING

Alternating current (AC)

Direct current (DC).

Indicates hazardous voltages.

Calls attention to a procedure, practice, or condition that could cause bodily injury or death.

Frame or chassis ground terminal —typically connects to the equipment' s metal frame.

CAUTION

Calls attention to a procedure, practice, or condition that coul d possibly cause damage to equipment or perman ent loss of data.

WARNINGS

The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operatio n, service, and repair of this product. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the product. Hewlett-Packard Com pany assumes no liability for the customer's failure to comply with these requirements.

Ground the equipment: For Safety Class 1 equipment (equipment having a protective earth terminal), an uninterruptible safety earth ground must be provided from the mains power source to the product input wiring terminals or supplied power cable.

DO NOT operate the product in an explosive atmosphere or in the presence of flammable gases or fumes. For continued protection against fire, replace the line fuse(s) only with fuse(s) of the same voltage and current rating and type. DO NOT

use repaired fuses or short-circuited fuse holders. Keep away from live circuits: Operating personnel must not remove equipment covers or shields. Procedures involving the removal of

covers or shields are for use by service-trained personnel only. Under certain conditions, dangerous voltages may exist even with the equipment sw itche d off. To av oid danger ous ele ctric al sh ock, DO NOT perfor m pro cedure s inv olving cover or shi eld remova l unles s you are qualified to do so.

DO NOT operate damaged equipmen t: Whenever it is possible that the safety protection features built into this product have been impaired, either through physical damage, excessive mois ture, or any other reason, REMOVE POWER and do not use the product until safe operation can be verified by service-trained personnel. If necessary, return the product to a Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Office for service and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained.

DO NOT service or adjust alone: Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another person, capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation, is present.

DO NOT substitute parts or modify equipment: Becaus e of th e dang er of introd ucing addition al haz ards, do not i nstall subst itute pa rts or perform any unauthorized modification to the product. Return the product to a Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Office for service and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained.

Declaration of Conformity

according to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and EN 45014

Manufacturer’s Name: Hewlett-Packard Company

Loveland Manufacturing Center

Manufacturer’s Address: 815 14th street S.W.

Loveland, Colorado 80537

declares, that the product:

Product Name: 2-Channel and 4-Channel Digitizer Model Number: HP E1563A and HP E1564A Product Options: All

conforms to the following Product Specifications: Safety: IEC 61010-1 (1990) Incl. Amend 2 (1996)/EN61010-1 (1993)

CSA C22.2 #1010.1 (1992) UL 3111-1 (1994)

EMC: CISPR 11:1990/EN55011 (1991): Group 1, Class A

EN61000-3-2:1995 Class A EN61000-3-3:1995 EN50082-1:1992

IEC 1000-4-2:1995 4kV CD, 8kV AD IEC 1000-4-3:1995 3 V/m IEC 1000-4-4:1995 1kV Power Line, 0.5kV Signal Lines ENV50141:1993/prEN50082-1 (1995): 3 Vrms EN61000-4-5:1995 1kV CM, 0.5kV DM EN61000-4-8: 1993/prEN50082-1 (1995): 3 A/m EN61000-4-11:1994/prEN50082-1 (1995): 30%,10ms 60%,100ms

Supplementary Information: The product herewith complies with the requirements of the Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC and the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC (inclusive 93/68/EEC) and carries the "CE" mark accordingly.

Tested in a typical configuration in an HP C-Size VXI mainframe.

November 15, 1997

European contact: Your local Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Office or Hewlett-Packard GmbH, Depart-

ment HQ-TRE, Herrenberger Straße 130, D-71034 Böblingen, Germany (FAX +49-7031-14-3143)

Jim White, QA Manager

WARNINGS

The HP E1563A and E156 4A Digitizers are capable of measuring voltages up to 256V maximum. Voltage levels above the levels specified for accessible connectors or cable ends could cause bodily injury or death to an operator. Special precautions must be adhered to (discussed below) when applying voltages in excess of 60 Vdc, 30 Vac rms or 42.4 Vac peak for a cont inuous, complex waveform.

Module connectors and test sign al cables connected to them cannot be operator accessibl e. Cables and connectors are considered inaccessible if a tool (e.g., screwdriver, wrench, socket, etc.) or a key (equipment in a locked cabinet) is required to gain access to them. Additionally, the operator cannot have access to a conductive surface connected to any cable conductor (High, Low or Guard).

applying) to assure the operator will NOT come into contact with any energized conductor even if one of the protective means fails to work as intended. For example, the inner side of a case, cabinet, door, cover or panel can be covered with an insulating material as well

as routing the test cables to the module’s front panel connectors through non-conductive, flexible conduit such as that used in electrical power distribution.

Please fold and ta pe for mailing

Reader Comment Sheet

HP E1563A 2-Channel and HP E1564A 4-Channel Digitizer User’s and SCPI Programming Manual

Edition 2

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Please pencil-in one circle for each statement below: Disagree Agree

• The documentation is well organized. OOOOO

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Note Your Digitizer may have experienced temperature extremes during ship-

Using This Chapter

Chapter 1

Digitizer Module Set-up

ment that can affect it’s calibration. It is recommened you perform a zero offset calibration upon receipt using the command for each channel to realize the accuracy specifications in Appendix A. See Appendix E for the zero adjustment procedure.

This chapter pro vid es one page of general modul e information followed by the tasks you must perform to set up your module and verify your installation was successful. Chapter contents are:

CAL:ZERO<

•Adding DRAM (PC Memory SIMM) to the Module

•Setting the Module Address Switch

•Interrupt Line

•Input Terminals and Front Panel Indicators

•3-Wire and 2-Wi re Input Cabling Considerations

•Initial Operation

channel

>:ALL?

General Information The HP E1563A (2-channel) and HP E1564A (4-channel) are 800

kSample/second (14-bit resolution) digitizers capable of handling both continuous and transient voltages up to 256V. They are ideal for measurements in electomechanical design characterization, particularily in environments with high levels of electrical noise. They are also ideal for characterizing el ectronic and mechanic al trans ient wavef orms. You cannot upgrade an E1563A 2-Channel to an E1564A 4-Channel Digitizer.

Both digitizers are designed to use PC SIMM memory. Memory sizes that are supported are 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 Mbytes. The large memory can easily capture tr ansients or act a s FIFO to allo w continuou s digiti zing while unloading data with block mode transfers.

All channels sample simultaneously. The sample can be from an internal clock derived from the internal time base or it can come from an external source. Triggering ca n be set up for several sourc es with progra mmable pre and post trigger reading counts. External time base, trigger and sample

inputs are provided on the front panel “D” subminiature connector. Both the E1563A and E1564A digi tizers are re gister-based ins truments that

can be programmed at the regis ter le vel (regi ster programmin g infor mation is covered in Appendix C) or at a higher level using SCPI or Plug&Play drivers.

Digitizer Module Set-up 9

Continuous voltages in a test set-up where the user has access to module connectors and test signal cable ends are restricted to:

•60 Vdc

•30 Vac-rms

•42.4 Vac peak of a continuous, complex waveform

Continuous voltages in tes t set-ups where the module connector s and the test signal cables connected to them are made non-accessible are:

•256 Vdc, 240 Vdc floating

•256 Vac peak

Transient voltages:

•Transient voltages are permitted providing the maximum amount of

charge transferred into a human body that contacts the voltage under normal conditions, does not exceed 45 uCoulombs (45 uA-s).

Overload voltages (opens channel input relay):

Range V oltage Input Condition Vmax

62 mV to 4V High or Low to Guard >20V

4-channel and 2-channel

Module Differences

16V to 256V Low to Guard >40V

•The E1564A 4-Channel Digitizer has four selectable input filters per

channel (1.5 kHz, 6 kHz, 25 kHz and 100 kHz) that can be enabled.

•The E1563A 2-Channel Digitizer has a fixed 25 kHz input filter per

channel th at can be enabled.

•The E1564A 4-Channel Digitizer has a calibration bus output

(High, Low and Guard) and a programmable short.

•The E1563A 2-Channel Digitizer does not have a calibration bus

output however, a programmable short is provided for each channel. An external calibration source must be provided for calibration.

The HP E1563A and E1564A Digitizers are c apable of measuring voltages up to 256V maximum. Voltage levels above the levels specified for accessible connectors or cable ends could cause bodily injury or death to an oper ato r. Special precautions must be adhered to (discussed below) when applying voltages in excess of 60 Vdc, 30 Vac rms or 42.4 Vac peak for a continuous, complex waveform.

Module connectors, and test signal cables connected to them, must be made NON-accessible to an oper ator who has not bee n

told to access them: It is a supervisor’s res ponsibility t o advise an operator that dangerous voltages exist when the operator is instructed to access connectors and cables carrying these

10 Digitizer Module Set-up

WARNING voltages. Making cables and connectors that carry hazardous

voltages inaccessible is a protective measure keeping an operator from inadvertent or unknowing contact with these harmful voltages. Cables and connectors are consi dered inaccessible if a tool (e.g., screwdri ver, wrench, socket, etc.) or a key (equipment in a locked cabinet) is required to gain access to them. Additionally, the operator cannot have access to a conductive surface connected to any cable conductor (High, Low or Guard).

Assure the equipment under test has adequate insulation between the cable connections and any operator-accessible parts (doors, covers, panels, shields, cases, cabinets, etc.): Verify there are multiple and sufficient protective means (rated for the voltages you are applying) t o assure the operator will NOT come into contact with any energized conductor even if one of the protective means fails to work as intended. For example, the inner side of a case, cabinet, door, cover or panel can be covered with an insulating material as well as routing

the test cables to the module’s front panel connectors through non-conductive, flexible conduit such as that used in electrical power distribution.

WARNING Tighten the faceplate mounting screws after installing the

module in the mainframe to prevent electric shock in the case of equipment or field wiring failure.

Caution To prevent equipment damage, do not connect this equipment

to mains or to any signal directly derived from mains. Short-term temporary overvoltages must be limited to 500V or less.

Caution To prevent equipment damage in the case of an overvoltage

condition, do not connect this equipment to any vol t age source which can deliver greater than 2A at 500V in t he case of a fa ult. If such a fault condition is possible, insert a 2A fuse in the input line.

CLEANING THE FRONT PANEL AND TOP/BOTTOM SHIELDS: Clean the outside surfaces of this module with a cloth slightly dampened with water . Do not attempt t o clean the interior of th is module.

Digitizer Module Set-up 11

Adding RAM to the

Module

Note Although most commercially available PC SIMM RAM will work with

You can increase the size of RAM on your Digitize r mod ule by purchasing PC SIMM memory and installing it on the module after you remove the standard 4 Mbyte SIMM shipped with your digiti zer. Bot h FPM (Fast Page Mode) and EDO (Extended Data Out) are supported.

your Digitizer, there are some that are physically too large and will make contact with the top shield when installed. A standard 72 SIMM specifies the length (L) or keying but does not spec if y the dept h (D). Cert ai n dept hs are too large and not compatible. The E1563/E1564 has about 17.6 mm of space from the bottom of the SIMM RAM inserted in the socket to the top module shield (see diagram below). You must verify that the SIMM RAM you purchase for replacement on the module has a depth (D) that will clear the top module shield. You can use the 4 Mbyte SIMM RAM you remove as a guide, as well as the dimensions in the diagram be low, when purchasing your upgrade RAM .

RAM Install Procedure 1. Disconnect any field wiring from the module and remove power

from the mainframe before proceeding.

2. Remove the module from the mainframe and remove the top shield from the module.

3. Remove the 4 Mbyte SIMM from t he PC boar d by f irst spr eadin g the tabs at the ends of the SIMM connector. Store this SIMM in an anti-static bag and save this part.

Note It is important that you retain the 4 Mbyte SIMM you remove from the

Digitizer. If you return your Digitizer to Hewlett-Packard for repair or exchange, you must return it in the same configuration as it was shipped to you. You must remove your large memory SIMM and replace it with the standard 4 Mbyte SIMM shipped with the product.

4. Add your replacement SIMM to the module’s RAM socket.

5. Reinstall the module’s top shield.

6. Note the new memory configuration by checking the appropriate

12 Digitizer Module Set-up

box on the module’s top shield.

7. Set both the “CALIBRATION CONSTANTS” switch and the “FLASH” switch to the “Write Enable” position.

8. Install the module in your mainframe and apply power.

9. Set the new RAM memory size by sending the command:

DIAGnostic:MEMory:SIZE <

10. Query the memory size to verify the setting by sending:

DIAGnostic:MEMory:SIZE?

11. Remove mainframe power, remove the module and set the “CALIBRATION CONSTANTS” and “FLASH” switches back to the “Read Only” position.

12. Reinstall your module in your mainframe.

size

WARNING Tighten the faceplate mounting screws to prevent electric

shock in the case of equipment or field wiring failure.

Digitizer Module Set-up 13

Setting the Module

Address Switch

Note When using an HP E1405A/B or E1406A as th e VXIb us r es ourc e man ager

The logical address switc h factory setting i s 40. Valid address are fro m 1 to 254 for static configuration (the address you set on the switch) and address 255 for dynamic configuration. The HP E1563A and HP E1564A do not support dynamic configuration of the address.

If you install more than one digitizer, each module must have a different logical address. If you use a VXIbu s command module, the l ogical addr ess must be a multiple of eight (e.g., 32, 40, 48, 56, etc.). Each instrument must have a unique secondary address which is the logical address divided by eight. The Digitizer is shipped from the factory with logical address 40.

with SCPI commands, the digitizer’s address switch value must be a multiple of 8.

Interrupt Line The HP E1563A and E1564A Digitizers are VXIbus interrupter s. You can

14 Digitizer Module Set-up

specify which interrupt line (1 through 7) the interrupt is transmitted. The interrupt line is specified using the DIAGnost ic:INTerrupt:LINE comman d. You can query the active interrupt line using the DIAGnostic:INTerrupt :LINE? command. The default is no interrupt line enabled at power-up. You specify “0” if y ou do not wa nt an inte rrupt . Res etting the module does change the interrupt line setting and you must reset your interrupt setting.

Installing the Digitizer in a Mainframe

The HP E1563A or E1564A can be installed in any slot (except slot 0) in a C-size VXIbus mainframe. Refer to following diagram for the procedure to install the Digitizer in a mainframe.

1. Set the extraction levers out.

2. Slide the HP E1563/E1564 into any

slot (except slot 0) until the backplane connectors touch.

Extraction Levers

4. Tighten the top and bottom screws to secure the digitizer

module to the mainframe.

NOTE: The extraction levers will not seat the backplane connectors on older VXIbus mainframes. You must manually seat the connectors by pushing in the module until

the module’s front panel is flush with the front of the mainframe. The extraction levers may be used t o guide or remove the digitizer.

Reverse the procedure to remove the digitizer from the mainframe.

3. Seat the digitizer into the mainframe by pushing in the

extraction levers.

Digitizer Module Set-up 15

HP E1563A Front Panel Indicators

The “Failed” LED illuminates momentarily dur ing the digitizer’s power-on boot.

The “Access” LED illuminates only when the backplane is communicating with the digitizer.

The “Errors” LED illuminates only when an error is present in the digitizer’s driver error queue. The error can result from improperly executing a command or the digitizer being unable to pass self -test or calibration. Use the SYST:ERR? comma nd repeatedly to read and clear the error queue (or use *CLS to clear the error queue without reading errors). A response of +0,”No error” indicates the error queue is empty. See Appendix B, HP E15 63A and E1564A Digi tizer Error Messages, for a list of all errors.

The “Sample” LED illuminates while t he digitizer samples the input for a measurement. The “Sample” indicator typically will blink for slow sample rates and is on steady-state for high sample rates .

HP E1563A Input Terminals

The HP E1563A Digitizer’s front panel contains two Switchcraft® EN3™ Mini Weathertight Connectors (female) . Mating Switc hcraft® Cord Connectors (male) are supplied with the module and the user must provide the cable and ass emble the connector to the cable end. Shielded twisted pair cab le is recommended with some reco mmendations shown in the following table that have an outside dimension compatible with the cord connector.

Wire gauge Belden® cable P/N Alpha® cable P/N

20 AWG (7x28) 8762 none 22 AWG (7x30) 9462 5481C 24 AWG (7x32) 8641 5491C

HP E1563A D-subminiature Connector Pins

The front panel contains a 9-pin D-subminiature connector with the following pin-out and associat ed SCPI commands (do not make any connections to the top two pins):

SAMPle:SOURce EXT

TRIGger:SOURce EXT

ROSCillator:SOURce EXT

16 Digitizer Module Set-up

HP E1564A Front Panel Indicators

The “Failed” LED illuminates momentarily dur ing the digitizer’s power-on boot.

The “Access” LED illuminates only when the backplane is communicating with the digitizer.

HP E1564A Input Terminals

The HP E1564A Digitizer’s front panel contains four Switchcraft® EN3™ Mini Weathertight Connectors (female) . Mating Switc hcraft® Cord Connectors (male) are supplied with the module and the user must provide the cable and ass emble the connector to the cable end. Shielded twisted pair cable is recommended with some recommendations shown in the following table that have an outside dimension compatible with the cord connector.

Wire gauge Belden® cable P/N Alpha® cable P/N

20 AWG (7x28) 8762 none 22 AWG (7x30) 9462 5481C 24 AWG (7x32) 8641 5491C

HP E1564A D-subminiature Connector Pins

The front panel contains a 9-pin D-subminiature connector with the following pin-out and associated SCPI commands:

CAL:SOURce INT

SAMPle:SOURce EXT

CAL:SOURce INT

TRIGger:SOURce EXT

ROSCillator:SOURce EXT

Digitizer Module Set-up 17

3-Wire and 2-Wire

Input Cabling

Considerations

The HP E1563A and E1564A Digitizers provide a three-terminal input system (High, Low and Gu ard). An unavoidab le and u ndesirable current i s injected from chassi s grou nd to t he Guard term inal. Dependen t on whet her you measure on a low-voltage range or a high-voltage range, the way you connect the Guard terminal may or may not i ntr oduce a measurement error due to this current. This section describes some considerations you must take to use the Guard terminal properly to minimize measurement error.

Digitizer Input Model The input model for the digitizer is shown below. Maximum voltage

between Low and Guard is 5V.

Note Maximum voltage between Low and Guard is 5V. Exceeding this

limitation will not damage your digitizer but will generate invalid data for any measurement taken.

Three-Wire Connection This section shows two examples of connecting the i nput using a three-wi re

connection. Both example s can be const ructed using shi elded twis ted pair. The first example shows making connections for a bridge measurement where the L-to-G voltage is ≤ 5V and where the L-to-G voltage ex ceeds 5V.

A “Wagner ground” is used to satisfy the L-to-G restriction of ≤ 5V and to make a Guard connec tion point that min imizes measuremen t error due to th e digitizer’s injected current. A capacitor is added to the Wagner ground to provide a signal path to ground to minimize common mode voltages. The second example shows measuri ng the voltage across a smal l current sensing resistor where the input to the digitizer is switched through a multiplexer switch module.

3-Wire Cable Connection Example 1

18 Digitizer Module Set-up

3-Wire Cable Connection Example 2

Two-Wire Connection When Low and Guard are simply connected together at the di gitizer ’s input

on a low-voltage range (4V and below), the injected current is directed to flow through the source impedance (in a floating source) and the resultant voltage drop will introduce a me asurement error . The result ant voltage d rop through the source impedance can be a significant error on low-voltage ranges where the volt ag e of inter est is small . It is n ot as s ignif icant a n err or on high-voltage ranges simply because the error introduced is not a significant part of a larger voltage; the percent of error is less signifi cant.

Measurement error can increase significantly when you connect Low to Guard at the digitizer’s input AND use switches to switch input signals to the digitizer. Some switches hav e input prote ction resist ors (usuall y 100Ω) in series with the switch. The digitizer’s injected current now generates a voltage drop across this resistor in addition to the voltage drop generated across the source impedan ce. Even with a grounded source, an error volt age is generated across the switches current limiting resistor .

2-Wire Cable Connection Example

Digitizer Module Set-up 19

Cable Connector Assembly Instructions

Step 1. Strip cable as shown and feed the end of the cable throu gh the boot, cabl e clamp housing , and coupling

ring in the order and position shown. NOTE: The coupling ring can also be inserted onto the cable connector from the front.

Step 2. Orient the HI, LO and Guard conductors with the corresponding pins.

Step 3. Solder conductors to pins. CAUTION - Excessive heat on the connector terminals can cause

damage to the connector.

20 Digitizer Module Set-up

Step 4. Assemble the connector.

A. Align coupling ring’s tabs with cable connector’s side notches and push the coupling ring onto the cable

connector.

B. Push the cable clamp housing forward until it locks into the connector body and snap the two clamps into

their compartments to secure the cable.

C. Push the boot all the way forward to seat tightly onto the cable clamp housing.

Cable

Connector

oupling

Ring

Cable Clamp

Housing

Boot

To mate the cable connector to the instrument’s front panel connector...

1. Hold the cable connector by the rubber boot a nd align the no tched key slot with the key on t he left si de of the

instrument’s front pa nel conne ctor. Inse rt the c able con nector just en ough to enc ounter inserti on resi stance and stay in plac e.

2. Grasp the coupling ring and slowl y rotate it clockwise, while you gently push the connector to ward the panel mount, until the notches on the coupling ring drop into the front panel connector detents.

3. Continue rotating unti l y ou feel the coupling ring ride over the locking “bump” which secures t he c onnector to the instrument’s front panel connector.

Digitizer Module Set-up 21

Initial Operation To program the Digitizer using SCPI, you must select t he i nterface address

and SCPI commands to be used. General information about using SCPI commands is presented at the beginning of Chapter 3. See the HP 75000 Series C Installation and Getting Started Guide for interface addressing.

Note This discussion applies only to SCPI (Standard Commands for

Programmable Instruments) programming. The program is written using VISA (Virtual Instrument S oftware Architecture) function calls. VISA allows you to execute on VXI Plug&Play s ystem fr ameworks t hat ha ve the

VISA I/O laye r installed (visa.h “in clude” file).

Programming the

Digitizer

Example: Query the Digitizer for its ID and for system errors.

Programming the digitizer using Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) requir es tha t you selec t the contr oller lang uage (e .g., C, C++, Basic, Visual Basi c, etc.), i nterface a ddress and SCPI commands to be used. See the “C-Size Installation and Getting Started Guide” (or equivalent) for interfacing, addressing and controller information.

The following C program verifies communication between the controller, mainframe and digitizer. It resets the module (*RST), queries the identity of the module (*IDN?) and queries the module for system errors.

#include <stdio.h> #include <visa.h>

/*** FUNCTION PROTOTYPE ***/ void err_handler (ViSession vi, ViStatus x);

void main(void) {

char buf[512] = {0}; #if defined(_BORLANDC_) && !defined(_WIN32_)

_InitEasyWin(); #endif

22 Digitizer Module Set-up

ViStatus err; ViSession defaultRM; ViSession digitizer;

/* Open resource manager and digitizer sessions */

viOpenDefaultRM (&defaultRM);

viOpen(defaultRM, “

/* Set the timeout value to 10 seconds. */

viSetAttribute (digitizer, VI_ATTR_TMO_VALUE, 10000);

/* Reset the module. */

err = viPrintf(digitizer, “*RST\n”);

if (err<VI_SUCCESS) err_handler (digitizer, err);

GPIB-VXI0::9::40”,VI_NULL,VI_NULL, &digitizer);

/* Query for the module’s identification string. */

err = viPrintf(digitizer, “*IDN?\n”);

if (err<VI_SUCCESS) err_handler (digitizer, err);

err = viScanf(digitizer, “%t”, buf);

if (err<VI_SUCCESS) err_handler (digitizer, err);

printf (“Module ID = %s\n\n”, bu f);

/* Check the module for system errors. */

err = viPrintf(digitizer, “*SYST:ERR?\n”);

if (err<VI_SUCCESS) err_handler (digitizer, err);

err = viScanf(digitizer, “%t”, buf);

if (err<VI_SUCCESS) err_handler (digitizer, err);

printf (“System error response = %s \n\n”, buf);

viClose (digitizer); /* close the digitizer session */ } /* end of main */ /*** Error handling function ***/ void err_handler (ViSession digiti zer, ViStatus err)

{

char buf[1024] = {0};

viStatusDesc (digitizer, err, buf); /* retrieve error description */

printf (“ERROR = %s\n”, buf);

return; }

Digitizer Module Set-up 23

24 Digitizer Module Set-up

Digitizer Application Information

Using this Chapter

This chapter provides digitizer application information in four parts.

•Digitizer Block Diagrams.

•Triggering the Digitizer.

•Master-Slave Operation.

•HP E1563A and E1564A Digitizer Application Examples.

Digitizer Block Diagrams

A block diagram of the HP E1564A 4-Channel Di gitizer is shown in Figure 2-1. The HP E1563A 2-Channel Digitizer has the same internal structure without channels 3 and 4. Note the TRIG:LEVel< channel> signals drive the internal trigger inputs, LEVel1 drives INT1, LEVel2 drives INT2, etc.

Chapter 2

Figure 2-1. Digitizer Block Diagram.

Digitizer Application Information 25

Channel Block

Diagram

Figure 2-2 is a block diagram of an individual channel and the interconnections between channels. Note that the sample signal goes to all channels. The stai r-stepp ed commands b eneath t he dia gram show the SCPI commands that are u sed t o pr ogr am e ach section of a channe l. In this case, all the commands ar e written for c hannel 4. See Chapter 3, SCPI Co mmand Reference, for a full description of the commands illustrated here.

RANGE SELECTION:

INPut4:STATe ON | 1 | OFF | 0 VOLTage4:DC:RANGe <range>

FILTER SETTING:

INPut4:FILTer:LPASs:FREQ <freq> INPut4:FILTer:LPASs:STATe ON | 1 | OFF | 0

Figure 2-2. Digitizer Channel Block Diagram.

QUERY LAST READING (current value):

SENSe:DATA:CVTable? (@4)

LIMIT and LEVEL COMPARISON:

CALCulate4:LIMit:LOWer:DATA <value> CALCulate4:LIMit:LOWer:STATe ON | 1 | OFF | 0

or CALCulate4:LIMit:UPPer:DATA <value> CALCulate4:LIMit:UPPer:STATe ON | 1 | OFF | 0

or TRIGger:SOURce INTernal4 TRIGger:LEVel4 <voltage> TRIGger:SLOPe4 POS | 1 | NEG | 0

26 Digitizer Application Information

Pre-Trigger/

Post-Trigger Block

Diagram

Figure 2-3 illustrates relationship of pre-trigger readings and post-trigger readings with the trigger event. See Chapter 3, SCPI Command Reference, for a full description of the commands illustrated here.

Figure 2-3. Pre-Trigger and Post-Trigger Block Diagram.

Power-on and Reset State

Table 2-1 describes all power -on and r eset sta tes for the digi tizer. The reset state obtained after executing a *RST command is the same as the power-on state.

DIAG:INTerrupt:LINE interrupt line #1 FORMat:DATA ASCii INPut1:FILTer:FREQ 0 (no filter on channel 1 ) INPut2:FILTer:FREQ 0 (no filter on channel 2 ) INPut3:FILTer:FREQ 0 (no filter on channel 3 ) INPut4:FILT:FREQ 0 (no filter on channel 4 )

Table 2-1. Power- on and Reset States.

Parameter Power-on/Reset State

Digitizer Application Information 27

Table 2-1. Power- on and Reset States.

Parameter Power-on/Reset State

INPut1:STAT e ON (channel 1 input state) INPut2:STAT e ON (channel 2 input state) INPut3:STAT e ON (channel 3 input state) INPut4:STAT e ON (channel 4 input state) OUTPut:TTLT0-7:SOURce TRIGger (all TTLTrigger lines) OUTPut:TTLT0-7:STATe OFF (all TTLTrigger lines) ROSCillator:SOURce INTernal SWEep:POINts 1 (one sample) SWEep:OFFSet:POINts 0 (no pretrigger samples) VOLT1:RANGe 256V (channel 1 range) VOLT2:RANGe 256V (channel 2 range) VOLT3:RANGe 256V (channel 3 range) VOLT4:RANGe 256V (channel 4 range) VOLT1:RESolution 7.8125 mV (channel 1 res) VOLT2:RESolution 7.8125 mV (channel 2 res) VOLT3:RESolution 7.8125 mV (channel 3 res) VOLT4:RESolution 7.8125 mV (channel 4 res) SAMPle:COUNt 1 (one sample) SAMPle:PRETrigger:COUNt 0 (no pretrigger samples) SAMPle:SLOPe POSitive SAMPle:SOURce TIMer (internal time base) SAMPle:TIMer 1.3 µS

TRIGger:LEVel1 -256V (channel 1 level) TRIGger:LEVel2 -256V (channel 2 level) TRIGger:LEVel3 -256V (channel 3 level) TRIGger:LEVel4 -256V (channel 4 level) TRIGger:SOURce1 IMMediate (source 1 not ch 1) TRIGger:SOURce2 HOLD (source 2 not ch 2)

28 Digitizer Application Information

TRIGger:SLOPe1 POSitive (slope 1 not ch 1) TRIGger:SLOPe2 POSitive (slope 2 not ch 2)

Triggering the Digitizer

Two Common

Trigger Sources per

Channel

Triggering digiti zer readi ngs acro ss all inpu t chan nels is acc omplished with one or both of the two available trigger sources (TRIGger:SOURce1 and TRIGger:SOURce2). The trigger event can be different for each source e.g., SOURce1 can be EXT and SOURce2 can be TTLT0. You use the TRIG:SOURce<n> command to set the trigger source event options which can be OFF | BUS | EXT | HOLD | IMMEDIATE | INTernal1-4 | TTLT0-7. You must execute the TRIG:SOURce<n> command two times to set both trigger sources (TRIG:SOUR1 and TRIG:SOUR2). At power-up and after resetting the module with *RST, TRIG:SOUR1 defaults to IMM and TRIG:SOUR2 defaults to HOLD. The number of readings set by the SAMPle:COUNt command are taken after the trigger event occurs.

Note Do not confuse TRIG:SOUR1 as being associated with only channel 1 (as

well as TRIG:SOUR2 with only channel 2). Both sources are common to

ALL channels and the “1” and “2” are not chann el designator s but “sourc e” designators.

Internal Triggers Using SCPI or Plug&Play, you can trigger internally off of a voltage level

from any channel. Trigger level is set using the

voltage

trigger event. You then set the trigge r source to trigg er in terna lly fro m that channel using the example, if you want to trigger from a 11.5V level on channel 2, you send the following commands:

TRIG:SOUR INT2.

to the interna l trigger source.

> command for the particular channel you want to generate the

TRIG:SOURce<n> INT<channel> command. For

VOLT2:RANG 16; TRIG:LEV2 11.5;

Figure 2-1 illustrates the relationship of the trigger level

TRIG:LEVel<channel>

Internal Trigger Level

Detection

Each channel has a level compare circuit that compares the input signal to the value se t by the TRIG:LEVel<channel> command. This level initiates a trigger when the input signal equals OR EXCEEDS the value set by the TRIG:LEVel command. This means the trigger can occur at a value other than the value set by the TRIG:LEVel command. For example, assume a trigger level of 0V on a ramp from -1V to +1V. The first samples may be negative values close to ze ro. These values will not cause a trig ger because they do not equal o r exceed the t rigger level value yet. Th e next sample may be a positive value gr eater than the trig ger level. The trig ger compare circuit (see Figure 2-2) det ects this level is equ al to or grea ter tha n the trigg er level value set and a trigger is generated. It was not however, generated at the exact trigger level value set by the TRIG:LEVel command.

Digitizer Application Information 29

External Trigger You can provide an external trigger common to all channels. The external

trigger connection is on the digit izer’s front panel D-subminiature con nector “Trig” pin. You set th is input as the trig ger source f or all c hannels using the

TRIGger:SOURce<n> EXT command. You use the TRIGger:SLOPe<n> POSitive | NEGative

command to set which signal edge will trigger.

Master-Slave

Operation

The HP E1563A and HP E1564A Digitizers can be configured in a master-slave configurat ion. This configur ation allows a master modul e and one or more slave modules to have their measurements synchronized. Synchronization occ urs by having all channels trigger off of the s ame trigger event as well as all channels sampling from one sample signal.

•The sample synchronization signal is always generated by the master.

•The TTL trigger event can be generat ed by either the maste r modul e or

any of the slave modules. This allows a slave module (as well as the master module) to use one of the four internal trigger sources or their external trigger source to trigger a measurement.

Both the trigger signal and the sample signal are put on the VXI backplane TTL trigger (TTLT) lines where the master module and all slave modules receive the signals simultaneously. TTL trigger lines are used in pairs between the master and slave(s) where one TTL trigger line carries the sample signal and the other carries the trigger signal. The next section describes how these TTL trigger lines are paired.

Trigger Mode The TRIGger:MODE command is used to configure Digitizers for master-

slave operation. The mode can be NORMal, MASTer or SLAVe.

NORMal Mode The default setting for trigger mode is TRIGger:MODE NORMa l which

configures the module as an individual instrument.

MASTer Mode Use the TRIGger:MODE MASTer<n> command to configure a module as

a master. The eight TTL trigger lines (TTLT0-TTLT7) on the VXI backplane allow four different pairings as shown in Table 2-1 (MASTer0SLAVe0, MASTer2-SLAVe2, MASTer4-SLAVe4 and MASTer6SLAVe6). You must select an unused set of TTL trigger lines for the master-slave coupling when det ermining which ma ster mode to set. Do not use a TTLT line already used by

30 Digitizer Application Information

SAMPle:SOURce or TRIGger:SOURce.

SLAVe Mode Use TRIGger:MODE SLAVe0 to configure a module as a slave to a

MASTer0 module. MASTer0 and SLAVe0 modules share TTL tr igger lines TTLT0 and TTLT1. TTLT0 carries the sample signal and TTLT1 carries the trigger signal. The following table shows all pairs of TTL trigger lines for each master-slave mode.

Table 2-2. Trigger Sources for Master-Slave Modes.

MASTer-SLAVe

Trigger Sources

MASTer

MODE

MASTer 0 SLAVe0 TTLT1 Any source

MASTer 2 SLAVe2 TTLT3 Any source

MASTer 4 SLAVe4 TTLT5 Any source

MASTer 6 SLAVe6 TTLT7 Any source

SLAVe

MODE

TRIG:SOUR1 TRIG:SOUR2

(except TTLT0 & TTLT1)

(except TTLT2 & TTLT3)

(except TTLT4 & TTLT5)

(except TTLT6 & TTLT7)

Master-Slave Diagra ms Figures 2-4 illustrates a module confi gured a s a master module. Figu re 2-5

illustrates a module configured as a slave module.

Digitizer Application Information 31

TRIG:MODE MASTer0 pairs TTLT0 (sample) with TTLT1 (trigger ) The MASTer0 module will function with all SLAVe0 modules.

1) The trigger source from the master can be set with

| TTLT<n>

lines as if OUTPut:TTLT0:SOURce SAMPle

TRIG:SOURce1,2 IMM | INT1-4 | EXT

TRIG:MODE MASTer0 drives the TTL

and OUTPut:TTLT1:SOURce TRIGger have

been set

3) The master module generates the sample signal that all modules (master and slaves) initiate a measurement from.

Figure 2-4. Master Module Configuration Block Diagram.

MODE MASTer Sample Signal

MASTer0 TTLT2-7 | INT1-4 | EXT MASTer2 TTLT0,1,4-7 | INT1-4 | EXT MASTer4 TTLT0-3,6-7 | INT1-4 | EXT MASTer6 TTLT0-5 | INT1-4 | EXT

4) MASTer0 sets the TTLT1 line as if it were

TRIG:SOUR1 TTLT1. However, the query

TRIG:SOUR? will not return this setting. This line is simply dedicated for synchronization between the two modules in the master- slave mode. You should not use this line for any other purpose with the OUTPut, SAMPle or TRIGger commands.

32 Digitizer Application Information

TRIG:MODE SLAVe0 pairs TTLT0 (sample) with TTLT1 (trigger) A SLAVe0 module will function with other SLAVe0 modules and the MASTer0 module.

1) The trigger source from the slave can be set with

TRIG:SOURce2 IMM | INT1-4 | EXT |

TTLT<n>

SLAVe

MODE

SLAVe0 TTLT0 SLAVe2 TTLT2 SLAVe4 TTLT4 SLAVe6 TTLT6

Sample signal

Figure 2-5. Slave Module Configuration Block Diagram.

2) SLAVe0 sets the TTLT0 line as if it were

SAMP:SOUR TTLT0 and sets the TTLT1 line as

if it were queries

TRIG:SOUR1 TTLT1. However, the

SAMP:SOUR? or TRIG:SOUR? will not

return these settings. These lines are simply dedicated for synchronization between the modules in the master- slave mode. You s hould not use these lines fo r any other purpose with the OUTPut, SAMPle or TRIGger commands.

Digitizer Application Information 33

Input Overload Condition

Overload voltages may occur which will open the channel input relay disconnecting the inpu t signal from th e channel. Overlo ad voltage by rang e is shown in the following table.

Range Voltage Input Condition Vmax

62 mV to 4V High or Low to Guard >20V 16V to 256V Low to Guard >40V

Overload Reporting The overload is reported both when the readings are retrieved and when the

next measurement is initiated. If an overload occurred:

1. An error message is returned when data is retrieved informing you that the data is questionable

2. An error message is also returned when you initiate the next measurement

(Overload detected - attempting re-connect of input relays).

(Overload detected - data questionable).

34 Digitizer Application Information

HP E1563A and E1564A Digitizer Application Examples

This section contains example programs that demonstrate several applications of the HP E1563A or HP E1564A Digitizer. The examples described in this section list only the SCPI commands (see Chapter 3, HP E1563A and HP E1564A Command Reference) required to perform the application. The programming language is not included in print but C programs are included on the VXIplug&play driver media under the subdirectory "examples ". You can use these examples to help you learn the capabilities of the HP E1563A/E1564A and then to help you develop programs for your specific application

C Language

Example Progra m s

C Programs All projects written in C programming language require the following

Hardware Used 486 IBM compatibl e computer running Windows 3.1. The computer h as an

Example programs are provided on the VXIplug&play media. These

programs have been compiled and tested using Microsoft® Visual C++™ Version 1.51 for the C progr ams. All of t he C Language example pro grams in this section are writ ten for the HP 82341A HP-IB Interface Card using the HP VISA I/O Library.

Microsoft® Visual C++™ Version 1.51 settings to work properly: Project Type:QuickWin application (.EXE) Project Files:<source code file name>.C

[drive:]\VXIPNP\WIN\LIB\MSC\VISA.LIB (Microsoft® compiler) [drive:]\VXIPNP\WIN\LIB\BC\VISA.LIB (Borland® compiler)

Memory Model:Options | Project | Compiler | Memory Model Directory Paths:Options | Directories

Include File Paths: [drive:]\VXIPNP\WIN\INCLUDE Library File Paths: [drive:]\VXIPNP\WIN\LIB\MSC (Microsoft®)

[drive:]\VXIPNP\WIN\LIB\BC (Borland®)

Example programs: located on the Universal Instrument Drivers CD

HP 82341 HP-IB interface and HP SICL/ W ind ows 3.1 & Windows/NT for HP-IB software. The VXI modules we re loaded i n a VXI C-size mainframe using an HP E1406A Command Module as reso urc e mana ger conn ect ed t o the computer via the HP 82341 HP-IB card.

⇒ Large

Compiling and

Linking a C

Program

You can find specific instructions for compiling C language programs for the PC in the HP VISA User’s Guide. See the section "Compiling and Linking an HP VISA Program.

Digitizer Application Information 35

Making Digitizer

Measurements

This section provides three programs that demonstra te how to make digitizer measurements and retrieve data. SCPI command sequences for each program are contained in the boxes. The three programs are:

1. Use an IMMediate trigger to begin the sampling measurements on two channels and retrieve the interleaved readings from FIFO memory.

2. Use the internal level trigger to trigger off of an input ramp signal as it crosses zero. This program takes pre-trigger readings as well as post trigger readings.

3. Use an external trigger input at the D-connector “Trig” input to

trigger rea dings.

READINGS.C Use an IMMediate trigger to begin the sampling measurements on two

channels and retrieve the interleaved readings from FIFO memory.

SCPI COMMANDS IN THIS PROGRAM:

*RST *CLS VOLT1:RANG 4 VOLT2:RANG 4 SAMP:COUN 20

SAMP:PRET:COUN 10 INIT

DATA? 20,(@1,2) Enter statement

reset the digitizer clear the status system set ch 1 to 4V range set ch 2 to 4V range set sample count to 20 (common to all channels) set pre-trigger count to 10 (common to all channels) initiate measurements read 20 readings from chs 1 & 2 enter readings into the computer

Separate the interleaved readings and display them.

Comments • Resetting the module sets the data format to ASCII, sample source to

timer and trigger source to immediate.

36 Digitizer Application Information

RAMP.C Use the internal level trigger to trigger off of an input ramp signal as it

crosses zero. This pr ogram takes pr e-trigger rea dings as well as post tri gger readings.

SCPI COMMANDS IN THIS PROGRAM:

*RST *CLS VOLT1:RANG 4 SAMP:COUN 7

SAMP:PRET:COUN 3 SAMP:TIM 50e-6

TRIG:SOUR INT1 TRIG:LEV1 0

TRIG:SLOP POS INIT DATA? 7,(@1) Enter statement

Display the readings.

Comments • Resetting the module sets the data format to ASCii, sample source to

TIMer and trigger source to IMMediate. The sample interval and the trigger source are changed from the reset setting.

reset the digitizer clear the status system set ch 1 to 4V range set sample count to 7 (common to all channels) set pre-trigger count to 3 (common to all channels)

set sample interval to 50 µS set trigger source to a level on channel 1 set the trigger level to 0V set trigger slope to positive initiate measurements read 7 readings from ch 1 enter readings into the computer

•Resetting the module also sets the trigger level to 0V and the trigger

slope to positive. Trigger level and slope commands are resent to reiterate the level and slope of the trigger. In this case, these commands are redundant.

EXT_TRIG.C Use an external trigger input at the D-connector “Trig” input to trigger

readings.

SCPI COMMANDS IN THIS PROGRAM:

*RST *CLS VOLT1:RANG 4 SAMP:COUN 7

SAMP:PRET:COUN 3 SAMP:TIM 100e-6

TRIG:SOUR EXT

TRIG:LEV1 0.5 TRIG:SLOP POS INIT DATA? 7,(@1) Enter statement Display the readings.

reset the digitizer clear the status system set ch 1 to 4V range set sample count to 7 (common to all channels) set pre-trigger count to 3 (common to all channels)

set sample interval to 100 µS set trigger source to EXTernal (requires an external input to the “Trig” pin on the front panel D-connector) set the trigger level to 0.5V set trigger slope to positive initiate measurements read 7 readings from ch 1 enter readings into the computer

Digitizer Application Information 37

Comments • Resetting the module sets the data format to ASCii, sample source to

TIMer and trigger source to IMMediate. The sample interval and the trigger source are changed from the reset setting.

•Resetting the module also sets the trigger level to 0V and the trigger

slope to positive. Trigger level and slope commands are resent to reiterate the level and slope of the trigger. In this case, the slope command is redundant.

38 Digitizer Application Information

Digitizer Command Reference

Using This Chapter

This chapter describes the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) and IEEE 488.2 Common (*) commands applicable to the HP E1563A and HP E1564A Digitizers.

Chapter 3

Command

Types

Common

Command Format

SCPI

Command

Format

Commands are separated into two types: IEEE 488.2 Common Commands and SCPI Commands.

The IEEE 488.2 standard defines the Common commands that perform functions like reset, self-test, status byte query, etc. Common commands are four or five characters in length, always begin with the asterisk character (*), and may include one or more parameters. The command keyword is separated from the first parameter by a space character. Some examples of common commands are shown below:

*RST *ESR 32 *STB?

The SCPI commands perform functions such as making measurements, querying instrument states, or retrieving data. The SCPI commands are grouped into command "subsystem structur es". A command subsystem struct ure is a hierarchica l structure that usually consists of a top level (or root) command, one or more low-level commands, and their paramete rs. The following exampl e shows the root command CALibration and its lower-level subsystem commands:

CALCulate

:LIMit:FAIL? :LIMit:LOWer[:STATe] ON | 1 | OFF | 0 :LIMit:LOWer[:STATe]? :LIMit:LOWer:DATA < :LIMit:LOWer:DATA? :LIMit:UPPer[:STATe] ON | 1 | OFF | 0 :LIMit:UPPer[:STATe]? :LIMit:UPPer:DATA < :LIMit:UPPer:DATA?

value>

value

Command

Separator

CALCulate is the root command, LIMit is a second level command, FAIL?, LOWer and UPPer are third level commands and DATA, DATA?, STATe and STATe? are fourth level commands.

A colon (:) always separates one command from the next lower level command as shown below:

CALCulate:LIMit:FAIL?

Colons separate the root command from the second level command

Digitizer Command Reference 39

(CALCulate: LIMit) and the second le vel from the third level (LIMit:FAIL?).

Abbreviated

Commands

Implied

Commands

The command syntax shows most commands as a mixture of upper and lower case letters. The upper case letters indicate the abbreviated spelling for the command. For shorter program lines, send the abbreviated form. For better program readability, you may send the entir e command. The inst rument will accept either the abbreviated form or the entire command.

For example, if the command syntax shows CALCulate, then CALC and CALCULATE are both acceptable forms. Other forms of CALCulate, such as CALCU or CALCUL will generate an error. Addi tionally, SCPI commands are case insensitive. Theref ore, you may use upper or lower case letters and commands of the form CALCULATE, calculate, and CaLcUlAtE are all acceptable.

Implied commands are those which appear in square brackets ([]) in the command syntax. (Note that the brac kets are not part of the command; do not s end them to the instrument.) Suppose you send a second level command but do not send the preceding implied command . In th is case, t he instru ment assumes you inten d to use the implied command and it responds as if you had sent it. Examine the partial SENSe subsystem shown below:

[SENSe:]

range

VOLTage[:DC]:RANGe < VOLTage[:DC]:RANGe? [MIN|MAX]

The root command SENSe is an implied command; so is the third level command DC. For example, to se t the di gitizer ’s DC voltage range to MAX, you can send one of the following three command statements:

>|MIN|MAX

SENS:VOLT:DC:RANG MAX VOLT:DC:RANG M AX VOLT:RANG MAX

40 Digitizer Command Reference

Parameters Parameter Types. The following table contains explanations and examples of

parameter types you might see later in this chapter.

Table 3-1.

Parameter

Type

Numeric Accepts all commonly used decimal representations of number

including optional signs, decimal points, and scientific notation. 123, 123E2, -123, -1.23E2, .123, 1.23E-2, 1.23000E-01.

Special cases include MINimum, MAXimum, and DEFault.

Boolean Represents a single binary condition that is either true or false.

ON, OFF, 1, 0

Discrete Selects from a finite number of values. These parameters

use mnemonics to represent each valid setting. An example is the TRIGger:SOURce <source> command where

source can be OFF, BUS, EXT1-2, HOLD, IMM, INT1-4 or TTLT0-7.

Explanations and Examples

Optional Parameters. Parameters shown within square brackets ([]) are optional parameters. (Note that the brackets are not part of the command; do not send them to the instrument.) If you do not specify a value for an optional parameter, the instrument chooses a default value. For example, consider the TRIGger:LEVel<chan>? [MIN | MAX] command. If you send the command without specifying a MINimum or MAXimum parameter, the present TRIGger:LE Vel value is returned for the specified channel. If you send the MIN parameter, the command returns the minimum trigger level allowable. If you send the MAX parameter, the command returns the maximum trigger level allowable. Be sure to place a space between the command and the parameter.

Linking

Commands

Linking IEEE 488.2 Common Commands with SCPI Commands. Use only a semicolon between the commands. For example:

*RST;OUTP:TTLT4 ON or SAMP:COUNt 25;*WAI

Linking Multiple SCPI Commands From the Same Subsystem. Use only a semicolon between commands within the same subsystem. For example, to set trigger level, tr igger slope and the trigge r source whi ch are all set using the TRI Gger subsystem, send the following SCPI string:

TRIG:LEVel 1.5;SLOPe NEG;SOURce EXT

Linking Multiple SCPI Commands of Different Subsystems. Use both a semicolon and a colon b etween co mmands of d ifferen t su bsyste ms. For exa mple, a SAMPle and OUTPut command can be sent in the same SCPI string linked with a semicolon and colon (;:) as follows:

SAMP:COUNt 10;:OUTP:TTLT4 ON

Digitizer Command Reference 41

This command aborts a meas urement in progress or stops a measurement being made continuously. The command is ignored without error if a measurement is not in progress. This command also aborts a calibration in progress and will set the CAL:STATe to OFF.

Subsystem Syntax ABORt

Comments • Use the DATA:COUNt? query to determine how many readings were taken

before the ABORt was received.

• ABORt does not affect any instrument settings.

• Execut able when initiated: YES

• Coupled command: No

• Reset (*RST) Condition: None

ABORt

42 Digitizer Command Reference

The CALCulate subsystem enables the limit checking of measured data.

Subsystem Syntax CALCulate[<channel>]

:LIMit:FAIL? :LIMit:LOWer[:STATe] ON | 1 | OFF | 0 :LIMit:LOWer[:STATe]? :LIMit:LOWer:DATA < :LIMit:LOWer:DATA? [MIN | MAX] :LIMit:UPPer[:STATe] ON | 1 | OFF | 0 :LIMit:UPPer[:STATe]? [MIN | MAX] :LIMit:UPPer:DATA < :LIMit:UPPer:DATA? [MIN | MAX]

Comments • Only one limit can be enabled at a time e.g., either LOWer or UPPer can be

enabled but not LOWer and UPPer. If you enable the LOWer limit and later enable the UPP er limit, the LOWer limit is disabled.

• The :LIMit:FAIL? command reports the limit was exceeded. You must be

aware of which limit you have enabled (LOWer or UPPer) to know which limit was exceeded.

value

> | MIN | MAX

value

> | MIN | MAX

CALCulate

• Lower and upper limit failures can be moni tored by unmasking bi ts 9 and 1 0 in

the Questionable Data Register of the status system using the STATus command.

:LIMit:FAIL?

CALCulate[<channel>]:LIMit:FAIL? queries the present status of the limit

checking on the speci fied chan nel. The return ed value of “ 0” indicates the limit wa s not exceeded (test passed). The returned value of “1” indicates the limit was exceeded (test failed).

Note Limit detection is reset with each new measurement, therefore, this command does

not give a cumulative record of limit f ailures only that the last measurement either passed or failed.

:LIMit:LOWer[:STATe]

CALCulate[<channel>]:LIMit:LOWer[:STATe] OFF | 0 | ON | 1 enables the lower limit checking for the specified channel. Use :LIMit:LOWer:DATA <value> to set the actual limit value to be tested against. This command returns the voltage level measured and the detection mode. A returned value of “0” indicates the specified channel is disabled for lower limit checking. “1” returned indicates the specified channel is enabled and will detect signals below the specified lower limit.

Digitizer Command Reference 43

Comments • Executable when initiated: YES

• Coupled command: YES; setting the lower state ON will cause

LIMit:UPPe r[:STATe] to be set OF F (if it is ON).

Note An error will be generated if you have TRIG:SOURce set to INT1-4 and the

internal input is the same as the cha nnel y ou are at tempting to enabl e the lower li mit testing. For exa mple, i f TRIG:SOUR INT2 is set. The trigger level from chan nel 2 is the trigger event that is the internal trigger input. CALC:LIMit:LOWer:STATe ON is attempting to use this signal for limit testing and creates a settings conflict. Either the trigger level can be used as an internal trigger or the level can be used in limit testing, but not both.

• Reset (*RST) Condition: OFF

:LIMit:LOWer[:STATe]?

CALCulate[<channel>]:LIMit:LOWer[:STATe]? queries the lower limit

checking state to see if it is enabled or disabled for the specified channel. “1” returned indicates the specified channel is enabled for lower limit checking. “0” returned indicates the specified channel is disabled for lower limit checking.

:LIMit:LOWer:DATA

CALCulate[<channel>]:LIMit:LOWer:DATA <value> | MIN | MAX sets the lower limit value you want to test against. The CALC<channel>:LIMit:FAIL? command will return a “1” following the measurement (and prior to the next measurement) if the input signal fell below the specified lower limit value and if LIM:LOW:STATe is ON. A “0” is returned if the limit was not exceeded.

Parameters

Comments • Allowable maximu m values for the lower limit by range and the associated

Parameter

Name

value

resolution is given below:

Range

0.0625 ±0.061523438 0.000488281

0.250 ±0.246093750 0.001953125

1.00 ±0.984375000 0.00781250

4.00 ±3.937500 0.031250

16.00 ±15.750 0.1250

64.00 ±63.00 0.500

256.00 ±252.00 2.0

Maximum value Resolution

Parameter

Type

numeric -254 to +252 volts

Range of

Values

Default

Units

44 Digitizer Command Reference

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled Command: YES; Range changes will change the value; the

• Related Command: [SENSe:]VOLTage[<channel>][ : DC]:RANGe <range>

• Reset (*RST) Condition: -254 volts

:LIMit:LOWer:DATA?

CALCulate[<channel>]:LIMit:LOWer:DATA? [MIN | MAX] queries the lower limit va lue set for the specified channel.

:LIMit:UPPer[:STATe]

CALCulate[<channel>]:LIMit:UPPer[:STATe] OFF | 0 | ON | 1 enables the upper limit checking for t he speci fied ch annel. Use : LIMit :UPPer: DATA <value> to set the actual limit value to be tested against.

percent of full scale of the range will be kept constant. For example, on the 4 volt range, with a 2V limit, a range change to 16V will set a new limit of 8V.

Comments • Executable when initiated: YES

• Coupled command: YES, setting the upper state ON will cause

LIMit:LOWer[:STATe] to be set OFF (if it is ON).

Note An error will be generated if you have TRIG:SOURce set to INT1-4 and the

internal input i s the sa me as the channel y ou are at tempting to enabl e the uppe r limit testing. For exa mple, i f TRIG:SOUR INT2 is set. The trigger level from chan nel 2 is the trigger event that is the internal trigger input. CALC:LIMit:UPPer:STATe ON is attempting to use this signal for limit testing and creates a settings conflict. Either the trigger level can be used as an internal trigger or the level can be used in limit testing, but not both.

• Reset (*RST) Condition: OFF

:LIMit:UPPer[:STATe]?

CALCulate[<channel>]:LIMit:UPPer[:STATe]? queries the upper limit checking state to see if it is enabled or disabled for the specified channel. This command returns the voltage level measured and the detection mode. A returned

value of “0” indicates the specified channel is disabled for upper limit checking. “1” returned indicate s the specified chan nel i s ena bl ed and will detect sign als above the specified upper limit.

Digitizer Command Reference 45

:LIMit:UPPer:DATA

CALCulate[<channel>]:LIMit:UPPer:DATA <value> | MIN | MAX sets the upper limit value you wa nt to te st against. The :LIMit: FAIL? command will return

a “1” following the measurement (and prior to the next measurement) if the input signal rose above the specified upper limit val ue and LIM:UPP:STATe is ON. A “0” is returned if the limit was not exceeded.

Parameters

Parameter

Name

value

Parameter

Type

numeric -254 to +252 volts

Range of

Values

Default

Units

Comments • The maximum allowed <value> depends on the range setting. An error will

occur if you try to set a level that exceeds the range setting.

• Changin g the range after settin g the limit value will change the limit value.

The percent of full scale is kept constant.

• Allowable maximum values for the upper limit by range and the associated

resolution is given below:

Range

0.0625 0.062011719 0.000488281

0.250 0.248046875 0.001953125

1.00 0.992187500 0.00781250

4.00 3.968750 0.031250

16.00 15.8750 0.1250

64.00 63.50 0.500

256.00 254.00 2.0

Maximum value Resolution

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled Command: YES; Range changes will change the value; the

• Reset (*RST) Condition: +252 volts

:LIMit:UPPer:DATA?

CALCulate[<channel>]:LIMit:UPPer:DATA? [MIN | MAX] queries the upper limit value set for the specified channel.

46 Digitizer Command Reference

percent of full scale of the range will be kept constant. For example, on the 4 volt range, with a 2V limit, a range change to 16V will set a new limit of 8V.

The CALibration subsystem allows you to calibrate your digitizer.

Subsystem Syntax CALibration

:DAC:VOLTage

CALibration:DAC:VOLTage <voltage> | MIN | MAX is only active if the CALibration:SOURce is set to INTernal. The voltage specified is output by the internal DAC to the cali bration bus (HP E1564A 4-Channel Digitizer only). You can measure this voltage on the top two pi ns of the fr ont panel D-sub co nnector (CAL -H

and CAL-L) and is used for calibrating the digitizer’s gain as the CAL:VALue.

channel

voltage

channel channel

voltage

>] [<

readings

>] [<

readings

>]:ALL? [<

> | MIN | MAX

> | DEF][,<

>][,<

rate

readings

>][,<

CALibration

rate

> | DEF][,ON | 1 | OFF | 0]

rate

Parameters

Parameter

Name

voltage

Parameter

Type

numeric ±0.061256409 - ±15.00 volts

Range of

Values

Default

Units

Comments • The maximum output levels are limit ed to the l evels shown i n th e ta ble be low.

These are the HP E1564A DAC voltages recommended for calibrating each range. The values are approximately 98% of full scale.

Voltage

Range

0.0625 0.061256409

0.2500 0.245025635

1.0000 0.980102539

4.0000 3.920410156

16.0000 15.00

64.0000 not used

256.0000 not used

Max DC Voltage

(absolute value)

Digitizer Command Reference 47

:DAC:VOL Tage?

• There is no calibration DAC output for the 64 volt and 256 volt ranges. See

the CALibration:GAIN command for more information about the calibration of these two ranges.

• An error will occur if the vol t age value specified is greater than that allowed

for the present range setting. You must set the desired range prior to setting the calibration DAC voltage.

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled Command: No

• Reset (*RST) Condition: 0.0 volts

CALibration:DAC:VOLTage? MIN | MAX queries the se tting of the calib ration DAC (HP E1564A 4-Channel Digitizer only). The DAC voltage is output to the calibration bus and accessible at the front panel D-connector only if the CALibration:SOURce is set to INTernal. The MIN parameter returns the minimum voltage available from the DAC and MAX returns the maximum voltage available from the DAC.

:DATA?

:GAIN

CALibration:DATA? returns the calibration constants currently stored in non-volatile calibration memory.

CALibration:GAIN[<channel>] [<readings>|DEF][,<rate>|DEF][,ON|1|OFF|0]

initiates a gain calibration on the channel specified. The ON parameter will cause the 64V and 256V ranges to be indirectly calibrated from the 16V range gain calibration. The ON/OFF parameter is ignored except for a gain calibration of the 16V range. The following steps must be completed prior to executing a gain calibration:

• Set the digitizer to the desired range and filter on the channel you want

to calibrate with the VOLTage[<channel>]:RANGe <range> and INPut[<channel>]:FILTer:FREQ <freq> and :FILTer:STATe ON|OFF commands.

• Enable calibration with the CALibration:STATe ON command.

• Specify the calibration source with the CALibration:SOURce command.

• Specify a calibration value for the channel you ar e calibra ting. The value must

be between 85% and 98% o f eithe r a posit ive f ull scale read ing or nega tive full scale reading. The ideal calibration value is 98% of positive or negative full

48 Digitizer Command Reference

Parameters

scale (see CALibration:DAC:VOLTage command for the 4-Channel HP E1564A internal calibration DAC outputs when CALibration:SOURce INTernal is used).

• The calibration voltage must be applied to the input connector if

CALibration:SOURce EXTernal is used. You must enter the external calibrator voltage value with the CAL:VALue command when an external calibration sourc e is u sed. Th e HP E1564A 4-Cha nnel Di gitizer au tomati call y applies the DAC voltage to the internal calibration bus when CALibration:SOURce INTernal is used. You must measure the DAC voltage at the front panel pins (for CAL:SOURce INTernal) and enter that value with the CAL:VALue command.

Parameter

Name

readings

rate

Parameter

Type

numeric 25 to 4000 | DEFault none numeric 1.25E-6 to reference

Range of

Values

period * 8,388,607

| DEFault

Default

Units

Seconds

Comments • The number of readings and sampling rate will default to 100 readings and

0.001 second sampling rate resp ect iv el y, to provide averaging over an integral number of either 50 Hz or 60 Hz power line cycles. This allows calibration to cancel out any noise that is periodic with the power supply.

• The 64V and 256V ranges are calibrated indirectly when the 16V range is

calibrated and the ON (1) parameter is set. If the OFF (0) parameter is active, only the 16V range is calibrated and the 64V and 256V ranges retain their old cal constant. Thi s bool ea n ON/ OFF parameter is checked and used only when calibrating the 16V range. It is ignored when calibrating any other range.

• All lower ranges (0.0625 through 4.0000) must be cali brated before cali brating

the 16V range and calculati ng new cali brat ion cons tants for the 64 V and 256V ranges. The effects of the attenuators and amplifiers on the gain calibrations for the lower ranges are extrapolated to derive a gain constant for the 64V range and another for the 256V range.

• The absolute maximum voltages for each range are shown in the next table.

The values are approximately 98% of full scale.

Voltage Range Max DC Voltage (absolute value)

0.0625 0.061256409

0.2500 0.245025635

1.0000 0.980102539

4.0000 3.920410156

Digitizer Command Reference 49

SOURce

Voltage Range Max DC Voltage (absolute value)

16.0000 15.68164062

64.0000 not used

256.0000 not used

• Optional parameters that are le ft blank are filled from left to right. Therefore,

it is necessary to use the syntax DEFault to note that a particular parameter is to use the default value. For example, to specify a sample rate other than the default, you must declare DEFault for the <readings> parameter or the <rate> parameter value you int end ed wi ll be used to fill in the <re adi ngs > parameter. The command for channel 1 would appear as: CAL:GAIN1 DEF,.002. If you are calibrating the 16V range and you want to recalculate the 64V and 256V calibration constants, the command is: CAL:GAIN1 DEF,.002,ON.

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled Command: No

• Reset (*RST) Condition: None

:SOURce?

CALibration:SOURce INTernal | EXTernal specifies the calibration source to

be used for any subsequent gain calibrations. “EXTernal” is the default source, a voltage must be provided from an external source to the channel being calibrated.

Note The “INTernal” source is available only on the HP E1564A 4-Channel Digitizer.

CAL:SOURce INTernal outputs the specified DAC voltage set by CAL:DAC:VOLT <

voltage

is also available on the top two pins of the front panel D-subminiature connector where you must measure the voltage with a transfer standard (accurate voltmeter) and enter the measured value using the CAL:VALue command. The calibration gain command then sets cali bra ti on constants for the value you input assumi ng it is the value on the calibration bus.

> onto the calibration bus where it is applied internally to the channels. It

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled Command: No

• Reset (*RST) Condition: EXTernal

CALibration:SOURce? queries which calibration source is set. This setting is

shared by all channe ls. Returns either “I NT” for INTerna l or “EXT” for EXTernal.

50 Digitizer Command Reference

:STATe

:STATe?

CALibration:STATe ON | 1 | OFF | 0 enables the calibration of the instrument. Many instrument operati ons ar e not al lowed whe n this stat e is ON an d will resul t in

an error “Illegal whil e ca li brating”. You must remember to set the ca li br ati on state to OFF when calibration is finished.

Note Sending CAL:STAT OFF, without storing any modified cal constants with the

CAL:STORe command, will generate an error. Send the ABORt or *RST command to abort a calibration without storing cal constants.

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled Command: No

• Reset (*RST) Condition: OFF

CALibration:STATe? queries the present calibration state of the instrument. A

return value of “1” indicates the instrument is enabled and will accept calibration commands and perform ca librati ons. A r eturn value of “0” indica tes t he ins trument is not calibration ena ble d an d at te mpti ng t o e xecu te a ca li br at ion process command such as CAL:GAIN or CAL:ZERO, will retu rn the erro r “Calibrati on not enabl ed”.

:STORe

:VALue

CALibration:STORe writes the calibration constants to non-volatile RAM after calibration has been completed.

Note You must have the FLASH and CAL CONSTANTS switches set to the “Write

Enable” positions before calibration constants are stored in RAM.

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled Command: No

• Reset (*RST) Condition: None

CALibration:VALue <voltage> specifi es the voltage value actually applied to th e channel for calibrati on. This value info rms the digitiz er what voltage is ei ther being placed on the front panel input connector (CAL:SOURce EXTernal) or the value being generated by the internal DAC (HP E1564A 4-Channel Digitizer only) and

Digitizer Command Reference 51

Parameters

being output onto the calibration bus.

Parameter

Name

voltage

Parameter

Type

numeric ±0.061256409 -

Range of

Values

±15.6800

Default

Units

volts

Comments The maximum voltage from an external source used to calibrate the 16V range is

15.68V or 98% of full scale. The maximum voltage attainable from the E1564A internal DAC is 15V. See the following paragraphs.

HP E1564A 4-Channel Digitizer Internal DAC

The internal DAC on the HP E1564A can be used for the calibration source when CAL:SOURce INTernal is specified. The outp ut level of this DAC is s pecified with the CAL:DAC:VOLTage command. The ac tual output le vel must be measured with a voltmeter by the pers on doing the calibrati on and t hat measured value is the input for the <voltage> parameter of this CAL:VALue command. The voltage can be measured across pins 5 (high) and 9 (low) of the D-subminiature calibration bus connector.

The maximum output levels are limited to the levels shown in the table below. These are the HP E1564A DAC voltages recommended for calibrating each range. The values are approximately 98% of full scale (except for the 16V range which the

internal E1564A’s DAC has a maximum output of ±15V.

Voltage

Range

0.0625 0.061256409

0.2500 0.245025635

1.0000 0.980102539

4.0000 3.920410156

16.0000 15.00

64.0000 not used

256.0000 not used

Max DC

Voltage

(absolute

value)

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled Command: No

• Reset (*RST) Condition: All channels set to 0.0 volts

52 Digitizer Command Reference

:VALue?

:ZERO

Parameters

CALibration:VALue? queries the present setting of the calibration voltage.

CALibration:ZERO[<channel>] [<samples>][,<rate>] initiates an offset

calibration for the current range on the specified channel using an internal short. The following steps must be completed prior to executing a zero calibration:

• Set the CAL:STATe ON to allow calibration to occur.

• Set the digitizer to the desired range and filter on the channel you

want to calibrate with the VOLTage[<channel>]:RANGe <range> and INPut[<channel>]:FILTer:FREQ <freq> and :FILTer:STATe ON|OFF commands.

• Errors will result if the above steps are not performed before CAL:ZERO.

Parameter

Name

samples

rate

Parameter

Type

numeric 25 to 4000 | DEFault none numeric 1.25E-6 to reference

Range of

Values

period * 8,388,607

| DEFault

Default

Units

Seconds

Comments • Optional parameters that are left blank are filled from left to right. Therefore,

• The number of samples and the sample rate would normally be set to DEFault

values to provide averaging over an integral number of either 50 Hertz or 60 Hertz power line cycles. Th is allows the ca libration to can cel out any noise that is periodic with the power supply. Specifying a value other than DEF for <samples> and/or <rate> will result in those values being used for the zero offset calibration.

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled Command: No

• Reset (*RST) Condition: None

Digitizer Command Reference 53

:ZERO:ALL?

Parameters

CALibration:ZERO[<channel>]:ALL? [<samples>][,<rate>] initiates a zero offset calibrat ion for al l ranges o n the specified chan nel using an internal shor t. The

command returns “0” if the calib ration was s uccessful. I t returns a non -zero val ue if an error occurred while calibrating one of the ranges. The non-zero return value contains the failed ranges as high bits in the lower word. For example, a return value of 0000000000100001 has a lower word of 00100001 which indicat es range 0 (bit 0 = 0.0625V) and range 5 (bit 5 = 64V) fail ed. The error string in SYST:ERR? contai ns information about the failure on the highest range that failed (range 5, 64V). The following steps must be completed prior to executing a zero calibration:

• Set the CAL:STATe ON to allow calibration to occur.

• Set the digitizer to the desired filter on the channel you want to calibrate

with the INPut[<channel>]:FILTer:FREQ <freq> and :FILTer:STATe ON|OFF commands.

• Errors result if the above steps are not performed before CAL:ZERO:ALL?.

Parameter

Name

samples

rate

Parameter

Type

numeric 25 to 4000 | DEFault none numeric 1.25E-6 to reference

Range of

Values

period * 8,388,607

| DEFault

Default

Units

Seconds

Comments • Optional parameters that are left blank are filled from left to right. Therefore,

• The number of samples and the sample rate would normally be set to DEFault

• If an error occurs on any range, calibration proceeds on to the next range, and

the bad range is noted.

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled Command: No

• Reset (*RST) Condition: None

54 Digitizer Command Reference

The DIAGnostic subsystem contains several commands which were developed to test the instrument at the factory. Some of these commands may prove useful for isolating problems or for use in special applications.

Subsystem Syntax DIAGnostic

:DAC:OFFSet[< :DAC:OFFSet[< :DAC:GAIN[< :DAC:SOURce < :DAC:SOURce:RAMP < :INTerrupt:LINE 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 :INTerrupt:LINE? :MEMory:SIZE < :MEMory:SIZE? :PEEK? < :POKE? < :SHORt[< :SHORt[< :STATus?

:DAC:OFFSet

channel channel

channel

voltage

size

reg_number

reg_number channel channel

>] ON | 1 | OFF | 0 >]?

>] < >]:RAMP <

>] <

value

count

>,<

data

voltage

count

DIAGnostic

DIAGnostic:DAC:OFFSet[<

value to the calibration offset DAC of the specified channel when the command is sent. This offs et voltage value is not used unles s a DAC:GAIN < is sent to the calibrati on gai n DAC. This command is a factory diagnostic routin e.

Parameters

Comments • Executable when initiated: No

• Coupled Command: No

• Reset (*RST) Condition: None

:DAC:OFFSet:RAMP

DIAGnostic:DAC:OFFSet[<

channel, a ramp of DAC values from 0 to 255 with the DAC code changing approximately every 100 µS. This command is a factory diagnostic routine.

Parameter

Name

voltage

channel

Parameter

Type

numeric -2.5 to +2.5 none

channel

>] <voltage> writes the speci fied voltage

DAC:GAIN

Range of

Values

>]:RAMP <count> outputs to the specified

Default

Units

value

Digitizer Command Reference 55

Parameters

Comments • The “count” parameter defi nes th e numb er of ramps t o outp ut. Approxi matel y

:DAC:GAIN

Parameter

Name

count

37.35 full ramps are output each second.

Parameter

Type

numeric 1 to 32767 none

Range of

Values

Default

Units

• A count of 2240 will output ramps for approximately 60 seconds.

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled Command: No

• Reset (*RST) Condition: None

DIAGnostic:GAIN[<

calibration gain DAC of the specified channel. There must be a signal on the input for this to work properly. Any offset value set by the DAC:OFFSet <voltage> is used by the DAC when the DAC:GAIN command is sent. The gain is set on the specified channel. This command is a factory diagnostic routine.

channel

>] <value> writes the specified value to the

Parameters

Parameter

Name

value

Parameter

Type

numeric 0 to 255 none

Range of

Values

Default

Units

Comments • A positive full scale input combined with a DAC gain value of 255 will result

in a +2.5V output from the DAC.

• A negative full scale input combined wi t h a DAC gain val ue of 255 will result

in a -2.5V output from the DAC.

• A DAC gain value of 0 will result in 0V output in both cases.

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled Command: No

• Reset (*RST) Condition: None

56 Digitizer Command Reference

:DAC:SOURce

Parameters

DIAGnostic:DAC:SOURce <voltage> outputs the specified voltage from the internal calibra tion s ource DAC ont o the c al pi ns of t he fr ont pa nel co nnecto r. This command is a factory diagnostic routine.

Comments • The channel’s input relay remains open until it is closed by an INPut:STATe

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled Command: No

• Reset (*RST) Condition: DAC output is set to 0V

:DAC:SOURce:RAMP

DIAGnostic:DAC:SOURce:RAMP <count> outputs a ramp of DAC values from 0 to 4095 with the DAC co de cha nging a bout e very 1 00 µS. This command is a factory diagnostic routine.

Parameters

Parameter

Name

voltage

ON command or by a reset of the instrument.

Parameter

Type

numeric -15.0 to +15.0 none

Range of

Values

Default

Units

Parameter

Name

count

Parameter

Type

numeric 1 through 255 none

Range of

Values

Default

Units

Comments • The "count" variable specifies how many ramps to output. The timing is such

that about 2.3257 full ramps are output each second.

• A count of 139 will output ramps for just under 60 seconds.

• The signal will be output onto the cal pins on the front panel D-subminiature

connector.

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled Command: No

• Reset (*RST) Condition: DAC output is set to 0V

Digitizer Command Reference 57

:INTerrupt:LINE

Note The STATus subsystem will not work if interrupts are disabled (STATus:

Comments • The “0” parameter disables all interrupts.

:INTerrupt:LINE?

DIAGnostic:INTerrupt:LINE 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 sets the interrupt line to be

used. Specifying the “0” parameter disables interrupts.

OPEReration and STATus:QUEStionable commands). Use the DIAG:STATus? command when you disable interrupts.

• Power-on default setting is interrupt line “1”.

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled Command: No

• Reset (*RST) Condition: Interrupt line setting is unchanged.

:MEMory:SIZE

Note This command is required and used only when you change the size of RAM on the

Parameters

DIAGnostic:INTerrupt:LINE? queries the interrupt line setting. Ret urns a

number “0” through “7” to indicate interrupt line 1 through 7. A “0” returned indicates interrupts are disabled. See Note in preceding DIAG:INTerrupt:LINE.

DIAGnostic:MEMory:SIZE <size> sets the memory size value in calibration memory. Your module comes standard with 4 Mbytes of RAM. You can replace this with PC SIMM modules of up to 128 Mbytes. See Chapter 1 for th e pr ocedure for adding RAM to your module.

module. You then use this command to set the new memory size value in calibration memory.

Parameter

Name

size

Parameter

Type

numeric 4E6, 8E6, 16E6, 32E6,

Range of

Values

64E6 and 128E6

Default

Units

none

Comments The <size> parameter will accept a va lue i n exc ess of the industry n ota ti on value of

58 Digitizer Command Reference

:MEMory:SIZE?

:PEEK?

4M, 8M, 16M, etc. (e.g., 4E6, 8E6, 16E6, etc.) up to the actual size as noted in the following DIAGnostic:MEMory:SIZE? command.

DIAGnostic:MEMory:SIZE? queries the RAM size value in calibration memor y. The value returned is the actual amount of memory, not the abbreviated industry notation for memory size. The value returned for each size is shown below:

RAM industry notation actual size value

4M 4,194,304

8M 8,388,608 16M 16,777,216 32M 33,554,432 64M 67,108,864

128M 134,217,728

DIAGnostic:PEEK? <reg_number> queries the specified register and returns the contents of the register.

Parameters

Parameter

Name

reg_number

Parameter

Type

numeric 0 to 31 none

Comments • See Appendix B for register bit definitions.

• You can read the following digitizer registers using the register number:

reg_number

0 Manufacturer ID Register (base + 0016) 1 Device Type Register (base + 02 2 Status/Control Register (base + 04 3 Offset Register (base + 06 4** FIFO High Word Register (base + 08 5** FIFO Low Word Register (base + 0A 6 Interrupt Control Register (base + 0C 7 Interrupt Sources Register (base + 0E 8 CVTable Channel 1 Register (base + 10

9 CVTable Channel 2 Register (base + 12 10 CVTable Channel 3 Register (base + 14 11 CVTable Channel 4 Register (base + 16

Range of

Values

)

Default

Units

)

Digitizer Command Reference 59

12 Samples Taken High Word Register (base + 1816) 13 Samples Taken Low Word Register (base + 1A 14 Calibration Flash ROM Address Register (base + 1C 15 Calibration Flash ROM Data Register (base + 1E 16 Calibration Source Register (base + 20 17 Cache Count Register (base + 22

)

) 18 Range, Filter, Connect Channels 1 and 2 Register (base + 24 19 Range, Filter, Connect Channels 3 and 4 Register (base + 26 20 Trigger/Interrupt Level Channel 1 Register (base + 28 21 Trigger/Interrupt Level Channel 2 Register (base + 2A 22 Trigger/Interrupt Level Channel 3 Register (base + 2C 23 Trigger/Interrupt Level Channel 4 Register (base + 2E 24 Sample Period High Word Register (base + 30 25 Sample Period Low Word Register (base + 32 26 Pre-Trigger Count High Register (base + 34 27 Pre-Trigger Count Low Register (base + 36 28 Post-Trigger Count High Register (base + 38 29 Post-Trigger Count Low Register (base + 3A 30 Trigger Control/Source Register (base + 3C 31 Sample Control/Source Register (base + 3E

)

• DIAG:PEEK? 4 or DIAG:PEEK? 5 may cause an error if they are read before

data has been taken.

:POKE

Example Read the Manufacturers ID register:

DIAG:PEEK? 0 returns -12289 (decimal) or FFFFFCFFF (hexadec imal). The three least signifi cant

characters (FFF) indicates a Hewlett-Packard A16 register-based module.

DIAGnostic:POKE <reg_number>,<data> places the specified value in the specified register.

Parameters

Parameter

Name

reg_number

data

Parameter

Type

numeric 2-4, 14-16, 18-31 none numeric -32768 to +32767

Range of

Values

signed integer

0 to 65535

unsigned integer

Default

Units

none

Comments • See Appendix B for register bit definitions.

• You can write to the following digitizer registers using the register number:

60 Digitizer Command Reference

reg_number Register Description (base + register offset)

2 Status/Control Register (base + 0416) 3 Offset Register (base + 06 6 Interrupt Control Register (base + 0C

)

14 Calibration Flash ROM Address Register (base + 1C 15 Calibration Flash ROM Data Register (base + 1E 16 Calibration Source Register (base + 20

)

18 Range, Filter, Connect Channels 1 and 2 Register (base + 24 19 Range, Filter, Connect Channels 3 and 4 Register (base + 26 20 Trigger/Interrupt Level Channel 1 Register (base + 28 21 Trigger/Interrupt Level Channel 2 Register (base + 2A 22 Trigger/Interrupt Level Channel 3 Register (base + 2C 23 Trigger/Interrupt Level Channel 4 Register (base + 2E 24 Sample Period High Word Register (base + 30 25 Sample Period Low Word Register (base + 32 26 Pre-Trigger Count High Register (base + 34 27 Pre-Trigger Count Low Register (base + 36 28 Post-Trigger Count High Register (base + 38 29 Post-Trigger Count Low Register (base + 3A 30 Trigger Control/Source Register (base + 3C 31 Sample Control/Source Register (base + 3E

)

• Execut able when initiated: No

)

:SHORt

• Coupled Command: No

• Reset (*RST) Condition: None

Example Write t o the Range, Filter, Connec t Chann els 1 and 2 register t o set c hannel 1 and 2

ranges to 64V and set the filters to 100 kHz: DIAG:POKE 18,13621 The binary bit pattern for +13621 is 0011010100110101

DIAGnostic:SHORt[<channel>] ON | 1 | OFF | 0 connects an internal short

across the input of the specified channel when the “ON” or “1” parameter is used. The internal short is enabled by “ON” or “1” and disabled by “OFF” or “0”.

Comments • The short remains in effect until a reset or until it is disabled with a

DIAG:SHORt[<channel>] OFF command .

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled Command: No

• Reset (*RST) Condition: Short OFF

Digitizer Command Reference 61

:SHORt?

:STATus?

DIAGnostic:SHORt[<channel>]? queries the specified channel to determine if

the internal s hort is connected. This command returns “1” if the short is present or returns “0” if it is not present.

DIAGnostic:STATus? returns the status of bits in the instrument's interrupt sources register (offset 08h; see Appendix B). A high val ue in a bit location in dicates a particular event has occurred. The bit positions and their meanings are as follows:

Bit

0 Channel 1 limit was exceeded or channel 1 trigger level was exceeded. 1 Channel 2 limit was exceeded or channel 2 trigger level was exceeded. 2

Channel 3 limit was exceeded or channel 3 trigger level was exceeded.

Channel 4 limit was exceeded or channel 4 trigger level was exceeded.

An input overload occurred and the input relay opened.

5 The pre-trigger count has been met. 6 The measurement has completed normally, or available memory has

been filled and the measurement was halted.

7 A valid trigger event was received after the pretrigger acquisition (if any)

was completed.

Event Represented When Bit is High

• This command returns a binary-weighted number representing the bit pattern

of the register and therefore, the status of the above instrument events.

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled Command: No

• Reset (*RST) Condition: None

62 Digitizer Command Reference

The FORMat command subsystem is used to specify the output format of the readings from the HP E1563A/E1564A Digitizer.

Subsystem Syntax FORMat

[:DATA] ASCii | PACKed | REAL [:DATA]?

[:DATA]

FORMat[:DATA] ASCii | PACKed | REAL specifies the output format for measurement data.

Comments • PAC Ked,16 format is signed 16 bits (16-bit intege rs). Data is returned as raw

data and must be converted to voltage by one of the following methods:

voltage = reading * range/32768

voltage = reading * resolution

FORMat

NOTE: Use the [SENSe:]VOLTage[:DC]:RESolution?

command to obtain the resolution value.

[:DATA]?

Comments The command returns “ASC,+7”, “PACK,+16”, or “REAL,+64”.

• REAL,64 format sends data back as IEEE-754 64-bit real numbers.

• Both PACKed,16 and REAL,64 formats return data preceded by the

IEEE-488.2 definite length arbitrary block header. The header is as follows:

# <num_digits> <num_bytes> # signifies a block transfer

<num_digits> is a single digit (1 through 9) which specifies how many digits (ASCII characters) are in the <num_bytes> descri ptor which follows.

<num_bytes> is the number of data bytes which immediately follow the <num_bytes> field.

• Reset (*RST) Condition: FORMat:DATA ASCii

FORMat[:DATA]? queries the type of output format set for measurement data.

• ASC,+7 indicates ASCII data with seven significant digits.

• PACKed,+16 indicates the format is signed 16 bits.

• REAL,+64 indicates data is IEEE-754 64-bit real numbers.

Digitizer Command Reference 63

The INITiate subsystem controls the initiation of the trigger system and prepares the Digitizer to take voltage measurements. Once a trigger is received from the programmed source (TRIGger:SOURce command), measurements begin on all channels. Normally, all measurement setup (setting measurement ranges, sample count and trigger sour ces, etc.) should be do ne before this command is sen t. Sending this command will cause the Digitizer to begin the measurement process.

Subsystem Syntax INITiate

[:IMMediate] :CONTinuous ON | 1 | OFF | 0 :CONTinuous?

[:IMMediate]

INITiate[:IMMediate] initiates the trigger system and prepares the Dig itizer to take voltage measurement s. After initiation, th e Digitizer enters the wait-for-trigger state and begins taking pretrigger readings until the pretrigger count is met (if there is a pretrigger count set) . All incoming tr igger s are ignored unt il the pretri gger coun t is met. Pretrigger readings continue until a trigger arrives. The first trigger received after the pretri gge r r ea dings have been acquire d i s t he one accepted and it advan ces the digitizer to t he wait-for-sampl e state whic h is where readings are actuall y taken. When the number of readings specified by the TRIGger:COUNt and SAMPle:COUNt have been taken, the trigger system returns to the idle state and digitizer stops measuring.

INITiate

Comments • Executable when initiated: No

:CONTinuous

• Coupled Command: No

• Reset (*RST) Condition: Idle state

INITiate:CONTinuous ON | 1 | OFF | 0 is used to either start or stop a continuous measurement. The ON (1) setting will start a measurement with an infinite sample count. After initiation, the Digitizer enters the wait-for-trigger state and begins taking pre trigger readings until the pretrigger count is met (if there is a p retrigger count set). All incoming triggers are ignored until the pretrigger count is met. Pretrigger readings continue until a trigger arrives. The first trigger received after the pretrigger readings have been acquired is the one accepted and it advances the digitizer to the wa it-for-sample st ate which is where rea dings are actually t aken. The incoming trigger advanc es the Digiti zer to the wa it-for -sample stat e which i s where readings are actually taken. The instrument will continuously sample until one of the following three things occurs:

1. The measurement is stopped by the ABORt command.

2. The measurement is stopped by executing INITiate:CONTinuous OFF.

64 Digitizer Command Reference

Note The INIT[:IMMediate] and INIT:CONTinuous commands return “1” to *OPC?

Comments • Executable when initiated: No

:CONTinuous?

3. The instrument’s FIFO memory is filled. This can be preven ted by fetching the data from memory in blocks faster than the sample rate can fill memory.

when the instrument begins measurement not when measurements complete. To determine when a non-continuous measurement is complete, use the DIAG:STATus? command and monitor bit 6. You can also detect when measurements are complete by monitoring the “measurement complete” bit (bit 9) of the STATus:OPERation:CONDition register in the STATus system. See the STATus command. *WAI, *OPC and *OPC? will all be fulfilled immediat ely after the INIT command is processed not when the measurements are complete.

• Coupled Command: No

• Reset (*RST) Condition: Idle state

INITiate:CONTinuous? queries the instrument to determine if the INITiate:CONTinuous is enabled or disabled.

Digitizer Command Reference 65

INPut

The INPut command subsyst em controls characteri stics of the input sign al, including ON/OFF state and low-pass f ilte ring. The command default s to c hannel 1 if y ou do not specify a channe l in the co mmand syntax (e.g., INP ON is same as INP1 ON).

Subsystem Syntax INPut[<

:FILTer[:LPASs]:FREQ 1.5E3 | 6E3 | 25E3 | 100E3 ( :FILTer[:LPASs]:FREQ? :FILTer[:LPASs][:STATe] ON | 1 | OFF | 0 :FILTer[:LPASs][:STATe]? [:STATe] ON | 1 | OFF | 0 [:STATe]?

:FILTer[:LPASs]:FREQ

INPut[<channel>]:FILTer[:LPASs]:FREQ 1.5E3 | 6E3 | 25E3 | 100E3

command sets the filter frequency fo r the 4-channel E1564A Digitizer. The filters are 2-pole Bessel filters. <channel> is 1 through 4. The 2- channel E1563A Digitizer only has a fixed 25 kHz filter but will accept this command without error.

Note The 2-channel E1563A Digitizer has a fixe d 25 k Hz fil ter. The E156 3A will a cce pt

this command but cannot change the filter and will not generate an error.

Comments • In the E1564A 4-channel di gitizer, the filter will be set to the nearest value that

can be achieved by the value specified in the command e.g., if you specify 10E3, the filter is set to 6K, if you specify 20E3, the filter is set to 25K. In the E1563A 2-channel digitizer, the filter will be 25 kHz regardless of what value you input (see above note).

channel>

]

valid for E1564A only

)

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled Command: No

• Reset (*RST) Condition: filter state OFF

:FILTer[:LPASs]:FREQ?

INPut[<channel>]:FILTer[:LPASs]:FREQ? command queries the present filter frequency setting on the specified channel.

66 Digitizer Command Reference

:FILTer[:LPASs][:STATe]

INPut[<channel>]:FILTer[:LPASs][:STATe] ON | 1 | OFF | 0 command is used to enable or disable the low-pass filter on the specified channel.

Comments Executable Command: No

Couple Command: No Reset (*RST) Condition: filter OFF

:FILTer[:LPASs][:STATe]?

INPut[<channel>]:FILTer[:LPASs][:STATe]? command is used to query the specified channel to determi ne if th e low-pass filter is enab led or disa bled. A retur n

value of “0” indicates the filter is OFF, “1” indicates the filter is ON.

[:STATe]

INPut[<channel>][:STATe] ON | 1 | OFF | 0 is used to connect or disconnect th e input signal to the Digitizer’s measurement circuitry.

Comments Executable when intitiated: No

[:STATe]?

Note OFF State Connections:

HP E1563A 2-Channel Digitizer: INPut<channel>:STATe OFF connects the specified channel to ground.

HP E1564A 4-Channel Digitizer: INPut<channel>:STATe OFF connects the specified channel to the internal calibration bus (calibration DAC).

Coupled command: No Reset (*RST) Condition: all channels ON (connected)

INPut[<channel>][:STATe]? command queries the spec ified channel t o determine if the input signal is con nected to, or disconnected from, the Digitizer’s measurement circuitry. If connected, a “1” is returned; if disconnected, a “0” is returned.

Digitizer Command Reference 67

The OUTPut command subsystem s ets the sour ce of out put pulses for the specified TTL Trigger line (TTLT0-TTLT7) and enables or disables the output.

Subsystem Syntax OUTPut

:TTLT<n>:SOURce

OUTPut:TTLT<n>:SOURce TRIG | SAMP | BOTH sets the source of output pulses for the specified TTL Trigger line.

Comments • <n> can have the value 0 through 7 (TTLT0 - TTLT7).

• The Digitizer allows separate control of the trigger signal and the sample

signal output to the TTL trigger lines. Each can output to only a single line; however , they can both output onto the same line when the BOTH par ameter is used. When BOTH is used, no other lines can be enabled.

OUTPut

:TTLT<n>:SOURce?

OUTPut:TTLT<n>:SOURce? queries the specified TTL Trigger line (TTLT0-

TTLT7) to identify the sour ce of out put pulses. A respon se of “TRIG” indicat es the source is a trigger event, a “SAMP” indicates the source is a sample event and a response of “BOTH” indica tes the source is both a trigger event and a sample e vent.

• Output pulses will not be sent until the TTL trigger line state is set to ON.

• Resource conflicts will occur if either the trigger or sample source is already

using a TTL line you attempt to enable. The trigger source will be set to IMMediate if it is the conflict. The sample source will be set to T IMer if it is

the conflic t. A “Settings Conflict” error will occur.

• Setting the trigger or sample source to a TTL trigger line that has its output

state ON will result in a “Settings Conflict” error and the output state will be changed to OFF. The specified trigger line will be assigned to the sample or trigger source.

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled Command: Yes

• Reset (*RST) Condition: Source is SAMPle for all TTL lines

68 Digitizer Command Reference

:TTLT<n>[:STATe]

Comments • <n> can have the value 0 through 7 (TTLT0 - TTLT7).

OUTPut:TTLT<n>[:STATe] ON | 1 | OFF | 0 ena bles or disables the spe cified TTL Trigger line for outputting the source set by the OUTPut:TTLT<n>:SOURce command.

• Resource conflicts will occur if either the trigger or sample source is already

using a TTL line you attempt to enable as an OUTPut line. The OUTPut

TTLT line will no t be enabled and a “Settings Conflict” error will occur.

• Setting the trigger or sample source to a TTL trigger line that has its output

state ON will result in a settings conflict error and the output state will be changed to OFF. The specified trigger line will be assigned to the sample or trigger source.

• TRIG:MODE MASTer<n> | SLAVe<n> will disable all other

OUTPut:TTLT<n>:STATe se tt ing s. The only outputs that will occur are those defined in the MASTer-SLAVe relationship.

• Execut able when initiated: No

:TTLT<n>[:STATe]?

OUTPut:TTLT<n>[:STATe]? queries the specified TTL Trigger line (TTLT0TTLT7) to determine if it is enabled (1) or disabled (0).

• Coupled Command: Yes

• Reset (*RST) Condition: All lines set to OFF.

Digitizer Command Reference 69

The SENSe command subsystem is used to change low-level parameters such as voltage range, sweep and sweep offset points and to set the reference oscillator source and frequency. It is also used to obtain measurement data from the modul e.

Subsystem Syntax [SENSe:]

DATA? < DATA:ALL? < DATA:COUNt? DATA:CVTable? [ ROSCillator:EXTernal:FREQuency < ROSCillator:EXTernal:FREQuency? ROSCillator:SOURce INTernal | EXTernal ROSCillator:SOURce? SWEep:POINts < SWEep:POINts? MIN | MAX SWEep:OFFSet:POINts < SWEep:OFFSet:POINts? MIN | MAX VOLTage[<channel>][:DC]:RANGe < VOLTage[<channel>][:DC]:RANGe? VOLTage[<channel>][:DC]:RESolution?

rdgs_per_channel

channel_list

neg_value

>[,

channel_list

]

freq

> | MIN | MAX

neg_value

]

> | MIN | MAX

range

> | MIN | MAX

[SENSe:]

DATA?

[SENSe:]DATA? <rdgs_per_channel>[,channel_list] command returns voltage formatted data from all channels (default) or only from the specified channel list.

Parameters

Parameter Name Parameter

Type

rdgs_per_channel

channel_list

numeric 1 to MAX samples

numeric 1-2 (E1563A)

Range of

Values

which depends on size

of RAM on module

(see SAMPle:COUNt

command)

1-4 (E1564A)

Default

Units

none

N/A

Comments • channel_list has the form (@1) or (@2), (@1,2), (@1:4) or (@1,2,3,4) or for

specific channels but not all, the fo rmat is (@1,3,4)

• The readings are returned in an array in an interleaved configuration. That is,

the array contains the fi rst reading from each specified ch annel followed by the second reading from each specified channel. The readings are in channel number order starting with the lowest to highest specified channel in the channel list. For example, the channel list (@2,1) returns channel 1 readings followed by channel 2 readings and returns the same as channel list (@1,2).

70 Digitizer Command Reference

Note 1. Measurement data on channels not in the specified channel list is thrown away

by this command and is not recoverable.

2. This command can read the data from a measurement only once. It is a destructive read and the data cannot be retrieved a second time.

• The number of readings this co mmand will return for each channel is

determined by the number of samples set by the SAMPle:COUNt command. The total number of readings returned is the number of sampl es X the number of specified chan nels. If a measure ment is abor ted wi th the ABORt command, there may be less readings available than indicated by (samples X channels). For ABORted measurements, use DATA:COUNt? to determine how many readings are available.

• Data is returned as raw data (16- bit integers) when the data format is set to

PACKed (see the FORMat[:DATA] PACKed command). Use either of the two methods shown below to convert the raw readings to voltages:

voltage = reading * range/32768

voltage = reading * resolution

NOTE: Use the [SENSe:]VOLTage[:DC]:RESolution?

command to obtain the resolution value.

• Data is returned as real numbers when the data format is set to REAL (see the

FORMat[:DATA] REAL command). The data is returned in voltage units and no scaling conversion is required as with the PACKed format. Readings are in an interleaved configuration as described in the first bullet item.

• Both PACKed and REAL formats return data preceded by the IEEE-488.2

definite length arbitrary block header. The header is as follows:

# <num_digits> <num_bytes> # signifies a block transfer

<num_digits> is a single digi t (1 thro ugh 9) whi ch spe cif i es how many digits (ASCII characters) are in the <num_bytes> descriptor which follows <num_bytes> is the number of data bytes which immediately follow the <num_bytes> field

• A full scale reading may actually be an overload.

• A deadlock can occur when trigger events are set to BUS or HOLD because a

software trigger could not break in after this command is sent.

• Executable when initiated: Y es

• Coupled command: No

• Reset (*RST) condition: none

Digitizer Command Reference 71

DATA:ALL?

Parameters

[SENSe:]DATA:ALL? <rdgs_per_channel> command returns voltage formatted data from each active channel.

Parameter Name Parameter

Type

rdgs_per_channel

**(memory size in bytes) / (number of channels * 2) = 128M/4 or 128M/8 (MAX)

numeric 1 to 32M** (E1563A)

Range of

Values

1 to 16M** (E1564A)

Default

Units

none

Comments • The readings are returned in an array in an interleaved configuration. That is,

the array contains the first reading from channel 1, channel 2, etc. This is followed by the second reading from channel 1, channel 2, etc.

Note This command can read the data from a measurement only once. It is a

destructive read and the data cannot be retrieved a second time.

• The number of readings this co mmand will return for each channel is

determined by the number of samples set by the SAMPle:COUNt command. The total number of readings returned is the number of sampl es X the number of channels. If a measurement is aborted with the ABORt command, there may be less readings available than indicated by (samples X channels). For ABORted measurements, use DATA:COUNt? to determine how many readings are available.

• Data is returned as raw data (16- bit integers) when the data format is set to

PACKed (see the FORMat[:DATA] PACKed command). Use either of the two methods shown below to convert the raw readings to voltages:

voltage = reading * range/32768

voltage = reading * resolution

• Data is returned as real numbers when the data format is set to REAL (see the

• Both PACKed and REAL formats return data preceded by the IEEE-488.2

definite length arbitrary block header. The header is as follows:

# <num_digits> <num_bytes>

72 Digitizer Command Reference

NOTE: Use the [SENSe:]VOLTage[:DC]:RESolution?

command to obtain the resolution value.

DATA:COUNt?

# signifies a block transfer <num_digits> is a single digi t (1 thro ugh 9) which specifies how many digits (ASCII characters) are in the <num_bytes> descriptor which follows <num_bytes> is the number of data bytes which immediately follow the <num_bytes> field

• A full scale reading may actually be an overload.

• A deadlock can occur when trigger events are set to BUS or HOLD because a

software trigger could not break in after this command is sent.

• Executable when initiated: Y es

• Coupled command: No

• Reset (*RST) condition: none

[SENSe:]DATA:COUNt? command returns the number of read ings available t o be read by the DATA? command per channel. This is useful for determining the amount of data taken in an aborted measurement. The data count from a completed measurement is equal to the sample count set by the SAMPle:COUNt command.

DATA:CVTable?

Parameters

Comments • channel_list has the form (@1) or (@2), (@1,2), (@1:4) or (@1,2,3,4) or for

[SENSe:]DATA:CVTable? @channel_list command returns the most recent reading taken from each spec ified channel. The la st reading, or Current Val ue, fro m each channel is returned in channel number order starting with the first one in the list.

Parameter

Name

channel_list

specific channels but not all, the format is (@1,3,4). If you specify channels not in ascending order e.g., (@2,1) or (@3,4,2), they are rearranged as 1,2 or 2,3,4 respectively.

Parameter

Type

numeric 1-2 (E1563A)

Range of

Values

1-4 (E1564A)

Default

Units

N/A

• Data is returned as raw data (16- bit integers) when the data format is set to

PACKed (see the FORMat[:DATA] PACKed command). Use either of the two methods shown below to convert the raw readings to voltages:

voltage = reading * range/32768

voltage = reading * resolution

Digitizer Command Reference 73

NOTE: Use the [SENSe:]VOLTage[:DC]:RESolution?

command to obtain the resolution value.

• Data is returned as real numbers when the data format is set to REAL (see the

FORMat[:DATA] REAL command). The data is returned in voltage units and no scaling conversion is required as with the PACKed format.

• Both PACKed and REAL formats return data preceded by the IEEE-488.2

definite length arbitrary block header. The header is as follows:

# <num_digits> <num_bytes>

# signifies a block transfer <num_digits> is a single digit (1 through 9) specifying how many digits (ASCII characters) are in the <num_bytes> descriptor which follows <num_bytes> is the number of data bytes which immediately follow the <num_bytes> field

ROSCillator:EXTernal:FREQuency

[SENSe:]ROSCillator:EXTernal:FREQuency <freq> is used to specify the externally supplied timebase frequency. This command is not required unless ROSCillator:SOURce is EXTernal. The default timebase is the INTernal timebase.

Parameters

Parameter

Name

freq

Parameter

Type

numeric 9.9E3 to 30E6 Hz

Comments • The frequency parameter value is used to calculate sample periods when the

sample source is set to TIMer.

• The sample period must be at least 1.250E-6 seconds (800 kHz), and must be

an integral multiple of the timebase period (this is 1.0E-7 sec onds when the timebase source is INTernal). Period values will be rounded to the nearest period the instrument can obtain.

• Execut able when initiated: NO

• Coupled command: NO

• Reset (*RST) Condition: frequency = 10.0 MHz

ROSCillator:EXTernal:FREQuency?

Range of

Values

Default

Units

[SENSe:]ROSCillator:EXTernal:FREQuency? queries the external frequency.

74 Digitizer Command Reference

ROSCillator:SOURce

[SENSe:]ROSCillator:SOURce INTernal | EXTernal is used to sp ecify the timebase source. The defa ult timeba se is the IN Ternal timeba se which uses the VXI

CLK10, 10 MHz reference. The E XTe rn al input is the TTL “Time Base” i nput pi n on the front panel D-subminiature connector (right pin column, bottom pin).

HP E1563A HP E1564A

(“Time Base” input - bottom right pin)

Note The EXTernal source requires you also send the ROSC:EXT:FREQ <

command to specify the frequency of the external timebase.

Comments • The timebase reference set by SAMPle:TIMer <

sample source is TIMer (

• Execut able when initiated: NO

• Coupled command: Yes, The SAMPle:TIMer <

interval nearest the old value when source is changed from EXTernal to INTernal or vice versa.

• Reset (*RST) Condition: INTernal source, freq = 10.0 MHz

ROSCillator:SOURce?

[SENSe:]ROSCillator:SOURce? queries to determine the timebase source. Returns either INTernal or EXTernal.

SWEep:POINts

interval

SAMPle:SOURce TIMer).

interval

freq>

> is used when the

> is set to a period or

[SENSe:]SWEep:POINts <count> | MIN | MAX command sets t he number of sweep points. The number of points set is common to all channels. You cannot have two different channels with different a sweep point count.

Digitizer Command Reference 75

Parameters

Parameter

Name

<count>

**(memory size in bytes) / (number of channels * 2) = 128M/4 or 128M/8 (MAX)

Comments • This command is the same as SAMPle:COUNt and is included for SCPI

compatibility.

SWEep:POINts?

[SENSe:]SWEep:POINts? [MIN | MAX] command retur ns the sweep p oints.

SWEep:OFFSet:POINts

[SENSe:]SWEep:OFFSet:POINts <count> | MIN | MAX command sets the number sweep offset points.

Parameters <count> must be a negative number.

Parameter

Type

numeric 1 to 32M** (E1563A)

Range of

Values

1 to 16M** (E1564A)

Default

Units

N/A

Note <count> must be a negative number.

Comments • This command is the same as SAMPle:PRETrigger:COUNt (except t he si gn on

<count> is negative here, whereas, it is positive for pretrigger count) and is included for SCPI compatibility.

SWEep:OFFSet:POINts?

[SENSe:]SWEep:OFFSet:POINts? [MIN | MAX] command ret urns the swe ep offset points.

VOLTage[<

channel

[SENSe:]VOLTage[<channel>][:DC]:RANGe <range> command is used to change the range on the specifi ed cha nnel . There ar e sev en dif fe re nt ra nge s. If the

range specified falls between two of the instrument’s ranges, the range is set to the next higher range setting. The command defaults to channel 1 if no channel is specified.

>][:DC]:RANGe

76 Digitizer Command Reference

Parameters The crossover points for range changes are as follows:

Comments • Executable when initiated: No

VOLTage[<

Voltage Range

0.0625 .000007629

0.2500 .000030518

1.0000 .000122070

4.0000 .000488281

16.0000 .007812500

64.0000 .007812500

256.0000 .03125

channel

Resolution

• Coupled command: YES; TRIGger:LEVel may be affected if one of the

levels is the trigger event on the channel that had the range change . The level set for CALCulate:LIMit :LOWer (and :UPPer) will be modified to be the same percent of full range. This will generate a different voltage value for the limit level.

• Reset condition: range is set to 256 for all channels

>][:DC]:RANGe?

VOLTage[<

[SENSe:]VOLTage[<channel>][:DC]:RANGe? queries the specified channel for its present range setting. The command defaults to channel 1 if no channel is specified.

channel

[SENSe:]VOLTage[<channel>][:DC]:RESolution? queries the specified channel for its present resolution setting. Resolution versus range setting is shown in the VOLTage[:DC]:RANGe command. The command defaults to channel 1 if no channel is specified.

>][:DC]:RESolution?

Digitizer Command Reference 77

The SAMPle command subsystem sets the number of samples to be taken for each trigger. It also sets the number of samples to be taken prior to the trigger and the source of the sample s ignal and its s lope. When the sample source is TIMer , you can also set the sample interval.

Subsystem Syntax SAMPle

:COUNt

count

interval

> | MIN | MAX

count

> | MIN | MAX

SAMPle

SAMPle:COUNt <count> | MIN | MAX command sets the number of total samples which includes the pre-trigger and post-trigger samples. The number of samples set is common to all channels. You cannot h ave two or more cha nnels with different sample settings.

Comments The total number of readings is limited to at most 16,777,216 for the 4-channel

78 Digitizer Command Reference

:COUNt?

E1564A Digitizer and 33,554,432 for t he 2-channel E1563A Digitizer, dependi ng on the amount of memory on the card. The following describes the limits with the different memory options:

HP E1563A (2-channel) HP E1564A (4-channel)

Memory Size

4 MBytes 1,048,576 524,288

8 MBytes 2,096,152 1,048,576 16 MBytes 4,194,304 2,097,152 32 MBytes 8,388,608 4,194,304 64 MBytes 16,777,216 8,388,608 128 MBytes 33,554,432 16,777,216

Maximum Samples Maximum Samples

• One pre-trigger sample is requir ed to get th e above maxi mums. The maximum

is one less if p re-trigger count is zero .

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled command: No

• Reset (*RST) condition: all channels set to 1 sample

SAMPle:COUNt? [MIN | MAX] command returns the number of samples each channel will ma ke. The number of samples returned is common to all channels.

:PRETrigger:COUNt

SAMPle:PRETrigger:COUNt <count> | MIN | MAX command sets the number of pretriggers (number of readings that will occur before the trigger event occurs). The count is common to all channels.

• <count> must be a positive number and not greater than the sample count -1.

Digitizer Command Reference 79

• A trigger is ignored if it occurs before the pretrigger count is met.

• If the specified nu mber of pretrigge r sam pl es (<count>) have been taken and a

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled command: No

• Reset (*RST) condition: 0 pretriggers

:PRETrigger:COUNt?

SAMPle:PRETrigger:COUNt? [MIN | MAX] command returns the number of pretrigger samples each channel will make prior to each trigger. The number of pretriggers returned is common to all channels.

This count specifies the portion of the total SAMPle:COUNt that will be sampled prior to the trigger.

trigger has not yet occurred, the di gitiz er conti nues to sa mple the inp ut signal . The digitizer retains the most recent pretrigger samples specified by the

number “<count>” when the trigger does occur.

[:IMMediate]

:SLOPe

Comments • This command is effective only when the sample source is EXTernal. The

SAMPle[:IMMediate] command is generally used only when the sampl e source is HOLD to take a single reading when the digi ti zer i s i n t he wait-for-sample sta te.

SAMPle:SLOPe POS | 1 | NEG | 0 command sets the slope of the sample signal (the active edge, risi ng or falling, of the sample si gnal). The slope setting i s common to all channels.

slope is set but will be ignored if the sample source is a source other than EXTernal.

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled command: No

• Reset (*RST) condition: POSitive (1)

:SLOPe?

SAMPle:SLOPe? command queries the present setting of the slope of the sample signal. The sample slope is effective only when the sample source is EXTernal.

80 Digitizer Command Reference

:SOURce

Parameters

SAMPle:SOURce HOLD | TIMer | TTLT0-7 | EXT command sets the so urce of the sample signal which causes a measurement to be made. The sample source is common to all channels. TIMe r uses the in ternal ti me base. The EXTerna l input is

the TTL “Sample” input pin on the front panel D-subminiature connector (left pin column, bottom pin).

HP E1563A HP E1564A

(“Sample” input - bottom left pin)

Parameter

Name

HOLD discrete SAMPle[:IMMediate]

TIMer discrete uses specified

TTLT0-7 discrete VXIbus TTL trigger lines none

EXTernal discrete “Sample” pin on front

Parameter

Type

Point of

Source

command

SAMPle:TIMer

as sample rate

panel D-sub connector

Default

Units

none

Comments • A rising or fall ing edge for the sample slope ca n be spec ified i f the s ource is s et

to the EXTernal source, (see SAMPle:SLOPe command).

• A sampling period can be specified if the sample source is set to TIMer (see

SAMPle:TIMer command).

• TRIG:MODE SLAVe<n> forces the sample source to be the appropriate TTL

trigger line. Attempts to change the sample source while TRIG:MODE is SLAVe<n> will result in a settings conflict error message.

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled command:Yes; TRIG:MODE SLAVe<n> forces a certain TTL

trigger line to the sample s ource. A setti ngs con flict occur s if you attempt to change thid dedicated line with the

Digitizer Command Reference 81

:SOURce?

:TIMer

Parameter

SAMPle;SOURce command. TTL sources may conflict with the output subsystem. Specifying a TTL source will force the output to be disabled. See OUTPut command.

• Reset (*RST) condition: TIMer source with 0.0000013 second sampling

interval per reading.

SAMPle:SOURce? command queries the present source setting for the sample signal. The returned string is either HOLD, TIMer, TTLT0-7 or EXT.

SAMPle:TIMer <interval> | MIN | MAX command sets the time interval for each sample event when the s ample source is TIMer. Me asurements are made on t he input signal at this rate. This interval is common to all channels for sample source TIMer.

Parameter

Name

interval

** See SENSe:ROSC:EXT:FREQ <freq> command

Parameter

Type

numeric 1.25E-6 to 0.8

(in multiples of the reference

oscillator period**; default

Range of

Values

TIMer period is 1.3E-7

seconds)

Default

Units

seconds

Comments • The sample interval specified by the period parameter must be a multiple of

the reference oscillator period. The specified time, if not a correct multiple of the reference oscil la tor per io d, wil l be rou nded to the nearest value that can be attained. For SAMPle:SOURce INTernal, if not a correct multiple of 1E-7, it will be rounded to the nearest value that can be attained by the internal clock.

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled command: Yes, the value is changed to the nearest possible value if

an external re ference is specified.

• Reset (*RST) condition: 0.0000013 (1.3 µS)

:TIMer?

SAMPle:TIMer? [MIN | MAX] command queries the sample interval when the sample source is TIMer.

82 Digitizer Command Reference

The STATus subsystem re ports the bit val ues of the Operation Dat a/Signal Register and Questionable Data/Signal Register. It also allows you to unmask the bits you want reported from the Standard Event Register and to read the summary bits from the Status Byte Register.

The Operation Data/Signal Register and Questionable Data/Signal Register groups consist of a condition regi ster, an event register an d an enable register. The STATus :OPERation and :QUEStionable commands control and query these registers.

Subsystem Syntax STATus

:OPERation:CONDiton? :OPERation[:EVENt]? :OPERation:ENABle < :OPERation:ENABle? :PRESet :QUEStionable:CONDition? :QUEStionable[:EVENt]? :QUEStionable:ENABle < :QUEStionable:ENABle?

unmask

STATus

Status System

Registers

Questionable Data

The STATus system contains seven registers, four of which are under IEEE 488.2 control: the Standard Event Status Register (*ESR?), the Standard Event Enable Register (*ESE and *ESE?), the Status Byte Register (*STB?) and the Status Byte Enable Register (*SRE and *SRE?).

The QUEStionable data register indicates fai lures as described in t he following table. Limit failures occur at the sample rat e so the condition register bits change rapidly and cannot be read until the measurement completes. You should read the EVENt register which latches the CONDit ion regi st er once a measurement cycle to see if a limit failure occurred. You will then have to determine which reading failed by printing the reading number and the measurement value.

Bit # Description

0 voltage overload 8 calibration failure

9 Chan 1 limit failure 10 Chan 2 limit failure 11 Chan 3 limit failure 12 Chan 4 limit failure

Digitizer Command Reference 83

84 Digitizer Command Reference

Operation Data

The OPERation data register indicates operational status as follows:

Bit # Description

0CAL:STATeON

(calibration in progr ess) 5 waiting for trigger 8 pretrigger count is met 9 measurement complete

Status Byte

Standard Event

The OPR Operational Status bit, RQS Request Service bit, ESB Standard Event summary bit, MAV Message Available bit and QUE Questionable Data bit in the Status Byte Register (bi ts 7, 6, 5, 4 and 3 respectively) can be queried with the *STB? command but will be executed when previous commands are finished. Using the VISA I/O library, you can query the value of the status byte without going through

the digitizer’s command par ser by using th e viReadSTB funct ion call. The OPR bit is the summary bit for the Oper ation Data Regi ster. The QUE bit is t he summary bit for the Questionable Data Register.

Use the *ESE? command t o query the "u nmask" value f or the Standar d Event Statu s Register (bits you want lo gic al ly OR'd i nto the summary bit). Query usi ng decimal weighted bit values.

:OPERation:CONDition?

STATus:OPERation:CONDition? returns a decimal-weighted number representing the bits set in the Operation Data condition register.

:OPERation[:EVENt]?

STATus:OPERation[:EVENt]? returns a decimal-weighted number representing the bits set in the Operation Data/Signal Register's event register. This command clears all bits in the event register when executed.

:OPERation:ENABle

STATus:OPERation:ENABle <unmask> enables (unmasks) bits in the Operation Data/Signal Register's enable register to be reported to the summary bit (setting Status Byte Register bit 3 true). The eve nt register bit s are not reported in th e Status Bytes Register unless specifically enabled.

:OPERation:ENABle?

STATus:OPERation:ENABle? returns a decimal-weighted number representing the bits enabled in the Operation Data/Signal Register's enable register signifying which bits will set OPR (bit 7) in the Status Byte.

Digitizer Command Reference 85

:PRESet

STATus:PRESet command affects only the enable register by setting all enable register bits to 0. It does not affect either the "status byte" or the "standard event status". PRESet does not clear any of the event registers.

:QUEStionable :CONDition?

STATus:QUEStionable:CONDition? returns a decimal-weighted number representi ng the bits set in the Q uestionable Data condition register.

:QUEStionable [:EVENt]?

STATus:QUEStionable[:EVENt]? returns a decimal-weighted number representin g the bits set in the Questionable Data/Signal Register’s event register . This command clears all bits in the event register when executed.

:QUEStionable :ENABle

STATus:QUEStionable:ENABle <unmask> enables (unmasks) bits in the Questionable Data/Signal Register’s enable register to be reported to the summary bit (setting Status Byte Register bit 3 true). The event register bits are not reported in the Status Bytes Register unless specifically enabled.

:QUEStionable :ENABle?

STATus:QUEStionable:ENABle? returns a decimal-weighted number representin g the bits enabled in the Q uestionable Data/Signal Register’s enable register signifying which bits will set QUE (bit 3) in the Status Byte.

86 Digitizer Command Reference

The SYSTem command subsystem returns error numbers and their associated messages from the error queue. You can also query the SCPI version to which this instrument complies.

Subsystem Syntax SYSTem

:ERRor? :VERSion?

:ERRor?

SYSTem:ERRor? returns the error numbers and corresponding error messages in the error queue. See Appendix B in this manual for a listing of the error numbers, messages and descriptions.

Comments • When an error is generated by the digitizer, it stores an error number and

corresponding message in the error queue.

• One error is removed from the error queue each time the SYSTem:ERRor?

command is executed. The errors are cleared in a first-in, first-out order. This means that if several errors are waiting in the queue, each SYSTem:ERRor? query returns the old est (n ot the mo st rec ent) e rror. That error is then remove d from the queue.

SYSTem

Example Reading the Error Queue

:VERSion?

Comments The inf ormation returned is in the format "YYYY.R" where "YYYY" is the year and

• When the error queue is empty, subsequent SYSTem:ERRor? queries return

+0,"No error". To clear all errors from the queue, execute the *CLS command.

• The error queue has a maximum capacity of 20 erro rs. If the que ue over flows,

the last error is replaced with -350,"Too many errors". No additiona l errors are accepted by the queue until space becomes available.

SYST:ERR? enter statement

SYSTem:VERSion? returns the SCPI version number this instrument complies.

"R" is the revision number within that year.

Query the error queue Enter readings into computer.

Digitizer Command Reference 87

The TEST command subsystem allows you to run a particular self-test and returns information about self-test errors and results from the

Subsystem Syntax TEST

:ERRor?

TEST:ERRor? <test_number> returns a binary coded decimal (BCD) nu mber and a string giving d etails abou t the err or associat ed with the test number r eturned by the *TST? command or the array of errors returned by the TEST:TST[:RESults]? command. The string returns parameters of the test such as span, min, max and

standard deviation. See the “Self-Test Error Definitions” section for details.

Parameter

:ERRor? < :NUMBer? < :TST[:RESults]?

test_number

>,<

cycles

TEST

*TST? command.

Comments • The *TST? command returns only the first test that failed. Use the

:NUMBer?

Parameter

Name

test_number

TEST:TST[:RESults]? command to obtain the complete list of all failures resulting from a *TST? command.

Parameter

Type

numeric 1 through 94 None

Range of

Values

Default

Units

• The response may indicate, in detail, what caused the self-test error.

• See Appendix C, Error Messages, for retrieving information on self-test errors.

TEST:NUMBer? <test_number>,<cycles> allows you to cycle through a particular self- te st a spe ci fi ed number of t imes i nst ead of running the entire sui te of self-tests as is performed with the returns the number of times the specified test failed out of the specified number of times the test was cycled. For example, send the command TEST:NUMB? 2,5 to

cycle through te st number “2” five times. A “5” is retu rned if all fiv e test c ycles fail.

*TST? command. This command is a query and

88 Digitizer Command Reference

Parameter

Comments

Parameter

Name

test_number

cycles

test_number

1 General register read/write test 2 Cal constant/flash ROM read test 3 Channel 1: 62 mV range filter OFF, offset noise test

4 Channel 2: 62 mV range filter OFF, offset noise test 5* Channel 3: 62 mV range filter OFF, offset noise test 6* Channel 4: 62 mV range filter OFF, offset noise test

7 Channel 1: 62 mV range filter ON, offset noise test

8 Channel 2: 62 mV range filter ON, offset noise test

Parameter

Type

numeric 1 through 94 None numeric 1 through 32767 None

Range of

Values

Description

Default

Units

9* Channel 3: 62 mV range filter ON, offset noise test

10* Channel 4: 62 mV range filter ON, offset noise test

11 Channel 1: 0.25V range filter OFF, offset noise test

12 Channel 2: 0.25V range filter OFF, offset noise test 13* Channel 3: 0.25V range filter OFF, offset noise test 14* Channel 4: 0.25V range filter OFF, offset noise test

15 Channel 1: 0.25V range filter ON, offset noise test

16 Channel 2: 0.25V range filter ON, offset noise test 17* Channel 3: 0.25V range filter ON, offset noise test 18* Channel 4: 0.25V range filter ON, offset noise test

19 Channel 1: 1V range filter OFF, offset noise test

20 Channel 2: 1V range filter OFF, offset noise test 21* Channel 3: 1V range filter OFF, offset noise test 22* Channel 4: 1V range filter OFF, offset noise test

23 Channel 1: 1V range filter ON, offset noise test

24 Channel 2: 1V range filter ON, offset noise test 25* Channel 3: 1V range filter ON, offset noise test

Digitizer Command Reference 89

test_number

26* Channel 4: 1V range filter ON, offset noise test

27 Channel 1: 4V range filter OFF, offset noise test

28 Channel 2: 4V range filter OFF, offset noise test 29* Channel 3: 4V range filter OFF, offset noise test 30* Channel 4: 4V range filter OFF, offset noise test

31 Channel 1: 4V range filter ON, offset noise test

32 Channel 2: 4V range filter ON, offset noise test 33* Channel 3: 4V range filter ON, offset noise test 34* Channel 4: 4V range filter ON, offset noise test

35 Channel 1: 16V range filter OFF, offset noise test

36 Channel 2: 16V range filter OFF, offset noise test 37* Channel 3: 16V range filter OFF, offset noise test 38* Channel 4: 16V range filter OFF, offset noise test

39 Channel 1: 16V range filter ON, offset noise test

Description

40 Channel 2: 16V range filter ON, offset noise test 41* Channel 3: 16V range filter ON, offset noise test 42* Channel 4: 16V range filter ON, offset noise test

43 Channel 1: 64V range filter OFF, offset noise test

44 Channel 2: 64V range filter OFF, offset noise test 45* Channel 3: 64V range filter OFF, offset noise test 46* Channel 4: 64V range filter OFF, offset noise test

47 Channel 1: 64V range filter ON, offset noise test

48 Channel 2: 64V range filter ON, offset noise test 49* Channel 3: 64V range filter ON, offset noise test 50* Channel 4: 64V range filter ON, offset noise test

51 Channel 1: 256V range filter OFF, offset noise test

52 Channel 2: 256V range filter OFF, offset noise test 53* Channel 3: 256V range filter OFF, offset noise test 54* Channel 4: 256V range filter OFF, offset noise test

55 Channel 1: 256V range filter ON, offset noise test

56 Channel 2: 256V range filter ON, offset noise test 57* Channel 3: 256V range filter ON, offset noise test

90 Digitizer Command Reference

test_number

58* Channel 4: 256V range filter ON, offset noise test 59* Channel 1: Offset DAC test 60* Channel 2: Offset DAC test 61* Channel 3: Offset DAC test 62* Channel 4: Offset DAC test 63* Channel 1: Gain DAC test 64* Channel 2: Gain DAC test 65* Channel 3: Gain DAC test 66* Channel 4: Gain DAC test 67* Channel 1: 62 mV uncalibrated gain 68* Channel 2: 62 mV uncalibrated gain 69* Channel 3: 62 mV uncalibrated gain 70* Channel 4: 62 mV uncalibrated gain 71* Channel 1: 0.25V uncalibrated gain

Description

72* Channel 2: 0.25V uncalibrated gain 73* Channel 3: 0.25V uncalibrated gain 74* Channel 4: 0.25V uncalibrated gain 75* Channel 1: 1V uncalibrated gain 76* Channel 2: 1V uncalibrated gain 77* Channel 3: 1V uncalibrated gain 78* Channel 4: 1V uncalibrated gain 79* Channel 1: 4V uncalibrated gain 80* Channel 2: 4V uncalibrated gain 81* Channel 3: 4V uncalibrated gain 82* Channel 4: 4V uncalibrated gain 83* Channel 1: 16V uncalibrated gain 84* Channel 2: 16V uncalibrated gain 85* Channel 3: 16V uncalibrated gain 86* Channel 4: 16V uncalibrated gain 87* Channel 1: 64V uncalibrated gain 88* Channel 2: 64V uncalibrated gain 89* Channel 3: 64V uncalibrated gain

Digitizer Command Reference 91

test_number

90* Channel 4: 64V uncalibrated gain 91* Channel 1: 256V uncalibrated gain 92* Channel 2: 256V uncalibrated gain 93* Channel 3: 256V uncalibrated gain 94* Channel 4: 256V uncalibrated gain

Description

* These tests require the HP E1564A 4-Channel Digitizer.

Self-Test Error

Definitions

A failed self-test will return a number other than zero. The binary value of that number defines the failure mode. More than one failure mode may result from one self-test. The failure modes are defined in the following sections for each type of self-test.

The bits and their weighting are shown below.

bit # 76543210

weight1286432168421

Offset Noise Test (self-test numbers 3 - 58)

BCD weight Failure mode

1 Span is zero 2 Span is too large 4 Mean is too low 8 Mean is too high

16 Standard deviation is too large

Offset DAC Test (self-test numbers 59-62) (HP E1564A 4-Channel Digitizer)

BCD weight Failure mode

16 Offset DAC span does not include 0 32 Bit weight is out of limits; the offending bit is in B15-B8.

92 Digitizer Command Reference

1 DAC measurement is noisy 2 Measured data span is too small 4 Lower end point to upper end point span is too small 8 Lower end point to upper end point span is too large

Gain DAC Test (self-test numbers 63-66) (HP E1564A 4-Channel Digitizer)

BCD weight Failure mode

1 DAC measurement is noisy 2 Measured data span is too small 4 Lower end point to upper end point span is too small

8 Lower end point to upper end point span is too large 16 Gain DAC span does not include 0 32 Bit weight is out of limits; the offending bit is in B15-B8. 64 Gain DAC nominal setting is out of limits.

Uncalibrated Gain Test (self-test numbers 67-94) (HP E1564A 4-Channel Digitizer)

BCD weight Failure mode

1 The max-to-min span is 0.0.

:TST[:RESults]?

Comments • A response of “0” indicates there is no error.

2 Gain span is too large.

4 Gain mean is too low.

8 Gain mean is too high. 16 Gain standard deviation is too large. 32 Gain is out of limits.

TEST:TST[:RESults]? returns an array of integers that re sult from the self-test command *TST?.

• Use the TEST:ERR? <test_number> command to re trieve details about the

failed test number(s) returned by the TEST:TST:RESults? command .

Digitizer Command Reference 93

The TRIGger command subsystem controls the behavior of the trigger system.

Subsystem Syntax TRIGger

[:IMMediate]

TRIGger[:IMMediate] causes the instrument to transit ion to the wait-for-sam ple state immediately, regardle ss of t he trigge r source select ed. The instrument must be initiated (INITiate command) and be in the wait-for-trigger state when TRIG:IMM

is executed. A “Trigger ignored” error will be generated if the instrument has not been initiate d prior to this command o r if it is not in the wait-for-trigger state.

TRIGger

[:IMMediate] :LEVel<channel> <level> | MIN | MAX :LEVel<channel>? :MODE NORMal | MASTer0,2,4,6 | SLAVe0,2,4,6 :MODE? :SLOPe[<n>] POS | 1 | NEG | 0 :SLOPe[<n>]? :SOURce[<n>] OFF | BUS | EXT | HOLD | IMMediate |

INTernal1-4 | TTLT0-7

:SOURce[<n>]?

:LEVel

Comments • Executable when initiated: Yes

• Coupled command: No

• Reset (*RST) condition: none

TRIGger:LEVel<channel> <voltage> | MIN | MAX sets the level on the specified channel that can be used for internally triggering the instrument.

Note This command is valid only for TRIGger:SOURce INTernal1-4.

Parameters

Parameter

Name

level

Parameter

Type

numeric see Comments volts

Range of

Values

Default

Units

Comments • The present range setting will determine the maximum and minimum values

that can be entered without error.

94 Digitizer Command Reference

:LEVel?

• Changing range will keep the level at the same percentage of the new range.

For example, if level is set to 2.0 on the 4V range, the level is set to 8.0 if you change to the 16V range (50% of full range).

• Changing range will change an existing level to the same percent of full scale

on the new range (e.g., an 8.0 level on the 16V range and then cha nge range to 4V range changes the level to 2.0V; still 50%) and an error message to be generated. In this situation, the lev el is set to the maximum or minimum the new range will support.

• The TRIG:SLOPe command specifies which direction of signal movement

through the level will trigger the digitizer. trigger when the signal passes through the level and rises above the specified level. A trigger occurs when passes through the level and falls below the specified level.

TRIG:SLOPe is NEGative and the trigger signal

TRIG:SLOPe is POSitive causes a

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled command: Yes, range setting

• Reset (*RST) condition: 0.00 on all channels

:MODE

Parameters

TRIGger:LEVel<channel>? queries the value of the trigger level set on the specified channel.

TRIGger:MODE NORMal | MASTer<n> | SLAVe<n> sets the trigger mode. Master and slave parameters set the modules for use in connecting more than one module together for simult aneous meas urement s from the same trig ger and sampl e.

Parameter

Name

Parameter

Type

numeric 0, 2, 4, 6 None

Range of

Values

Default

Units

• NORMal sets standard trigger operation and the specified trigger and sample

sources are used.

Digitizer Command Reference 95

Comments • Executable when initiated: Yes

:MODE?

• MASTer<n> and SLAVe<n> pairs a sample line and a trigger line which are

then used for multiple unit synchronization. See the section titled “MasterSlave Operation” in Chapter 2 for more information including diagrams.

TTLT pairs to SLAVe modules

MASTer MODE SLAVe MODE Sample line Trigger line

MASTer0 SLAVe0 TTLT0 TTLT1 MASTer2 SLAVe2 TTLT2 TTLT3 MASTer4 SLAVe4 TTLT4 TTLT5 MASTer6 SLAVe6 TTLT6 TTLT7

• Coupled command: No

• Reset (*RST) condition: NORMal mode

:SLOPe[<n>]

Parameters

Note Trigger slope is active only when the trigger source is one of the four INTernal

TRIGger:MODE? queries the trigger mode setting. Returns NORMal, MASTer or SLAVe.

TRIGger:SLOPe[<n>] POS | 1 | NEG | 0 sets the active edge of the trigger signal which causes a measurement t o be made. There are two trigger source s and you must designate which sour ce you are se tting the sl ope. n = 1 for the slope of trigger source number 1. n = 2 for the slope of trigger source number 2. Trigger slope defaults to

n=1 if “n” is not designated.

Parameter

Name

levels (TRIG:SOURce INT1-4) or when the EXTernal trigger source is specified (TRIG:SOURce EXTernal).

Parameter

Type

numeric 1 or 2 None

Range of

Values

Default

Units

Comments • Executable when initiated: Yes

• Coupled command: TRIG:SOURce INT1-4 and TRIG:SOURce EXTernal

96 Digitizer Command Reference

:SLOPe[<n>]?

Parameters

• Reset (*RST) condition: SLOPe1 = POSitive; SLOPe2 = POSitive

TRIGger:SLOPe[<n>]? queries the present setting for the slope of the trigger signal for the trig ger sour ce (1 o r 2) spe cifi ed. Trig ger sl ope for source number 1 is

returned if “n” is not designated .

Note Trigger slope applies onl y for TRIG:LEVel when the trigger source is INTernal or

:SOURce[<n>]

Note Two trigger sources are allowed, TRIG:SOUR1 and TRIG:SOUR2, which are common to

Parameter

Name

when EXTernal trigger sources are specified.

Parameter

Type

numeric 1 or 2 None

Range of

Values

Default

Units

• Returns either “POS” or “NEG”.

TTLT0-7 sets the source of the trigger for all channels or can disable the trigger source.

command defaults to trigger source number 1 if “n” is not designated.

channels on the E1563A and E1564A. S OUR1 i s no t associated only with chan nel 1

ALL

and SOUR2 is not associated only with channel 2.

The

Parameters

Parameter

Name

Parameter

Type

numeric 1 or 2 None

Range of

Values

Default

Units

Comments • The TRIGger:SOURce command only selects the trigger source. You must

use the INITiate command to place the digitizer in the wait-for-trigger state.

• TRIGger:SOURce EXT uses the digitizer’s front panel “Trig” pin in the D

sub-miniature connector as the trigger source. The digitizer triggers on the falling (negative-going) edge of a ±5V TTL input signal (maximum input is +5V peak to the front panel D sub-miniature connector “Trig” pin).

• TRIGger:IMMediate causes a trigger to occur immediately provided the

Digitizer Command Reference 97

digitizer is placed in the wait-for-trigger state using the INITiate command.

• When a Group Execute Trigger (GET) bus command or *TRG common

command is executed and the digitizer is not in the wait-for-trigger state, the

“Trigger ignored” error is generated.

• TRIGger:SOURce INTernal1-2 (E1563A) or TRIGger:SOURce:INTernal1-4

(E1564A) triggers a reading when the level specified by the TRIG:LEVel<channel> command is met. The TRIG:SLOPe setting determines whether the trigger occurs when the signal rises above (POSitive) or falls below (NEGative) the specified level on that channel.

Note If TRIGger:SOURce INT<n> is set, CALCulate<n>:LIMit:LOWer[:STATe] or

CALCulate<n>:LIMit:UPPer[:STATe] are disabled if they were enabled. <n> represents the channel number used for the internal trigger source and the channel used for testing a limit. Refe r to the first block diagram in chapter 2 for information about how the internal trigger source is driven by the level signal.

• TRIG:SOURce1 is set to the appropriate TTLT<n> line by the TRIG:MODE

MASTer | SLAVe co mmand. TRIG:SOURce1 can not be changed unless the trigger mode is NORMal. Attempting to change TRIG:SOURce1 when mode

is MASTer or SLAVe will cause a “settings conflict” error.

• TRIG:SOURce2 is not affected by TRIG:MODE MASTer | SLAVe

operation.

• Execut able when initiated: No

• Coupled command: Yes; TRIGger:LEVel, TRIGer:MODE,

OUTPut:TTLT<n>:SOURce TRIG and CALC:LIMit:LOWer[:STATe] and CALC:LIMit:UPPer[:STATe]. Changes to TRIG:SOURce1 will cause a

“settings conflict” error if TRIG:MODE is set to MASTer or SLAVe.

• Reset (*RST) condition: TRIGger:SOURce1 IMMediate

TRIGger:SOURce[<n>]?

TRIGger:SOURce[<n>]? queries present setting for the specified trigger source (1 or 2 ).

The command defaults to trigger source number 1 if “n” is not designated.

Parameters

Parameter

Name

TRIGger:SOURce2 HOLD

Parameter

Type

Range of

Values

Default

Units

98 Digitizer Command Reference

numeric 1 or 2 None

Comments • This command returns one of the following responses indicating the trigger

source setting: BUS, EXT, HOLD, IMM, INT, INT2, INT3, INT4, TTLTn (where n = 0 to 7).

Note Inter nal level trigger on channel 1 is returned as INT versus INT1; th e “1” is

implied. The internal level trigger for channels 2, 3 and 4 return INT2, INT3 and INT4.

Digitizer Command Reference 99

IEEE 488.2 Common Command Quick Reference

The table below lists, by functional group, the IEEE 488.2 Common (*) Commands that can be executed by the HP E1563A and HP E1564A Digitizers. However, commands are listed al phabetical ly in the foll owing refere nce. Examples a re shown in the reference when the comman d has parameters or ret urns a non-trivial r esponse; otherwise, the command string is as sho wn in t he tab le. For addit ional info rmation , refer to IEEE Standard 488.2-1987.

Category Command Title Description

System Data *IDN Identification Returns the identification string of the

Digitizer which includes the latest firmware version.

Internal Operations

Synchronization *OPC

Status & Event *CLS

*RST Reset Resets the Digitizer to:

*TST Self-Test Returns “0” if self-test passes. Returns

*OPC? *WAI

*ESE < *ESE? *ESR? *SRE < *SRE? *STB?

unmask

Operation Complete Operation Complete Query Wait to Complete

Clear Status Event Status Enable

Event Status Enable Query Event Status Register Query Service Request Enable

Service Request Query Read Status Byte Query

range: 256V input state: ON input filter: OFF TTLT states: OFF data format: ASCii

See Table 2-1 in Chapter 2 for the

module’s complete reset state.

a non-zero value if self-test fails. Use SYST:ERR? to retrieve the error from the Digitizer. See “Self-Test Errors” in Appendix B for a complete list of error numbers and their description. Return the digitizer to Hewlett-Packard for repair if repair is required.

Operation Complete Command Operation Complete Query Wait-to-Continue Command

Clear Status Command Standard Event Status Enable Cmd Standard Event Status Enable Query Standard Event Status Register Query Service Request Enable Command Service Request Enable Query Read Status Byte Query

Bus Operation *TRG Bus Trigger When the digitizer is in the

wait-for-trigger state and the trigger source is TRIGger:SOURce BUS, use *TRG to trigger the digitizer.

100 Digitizer Command Reference

HP E1563A, E1564A User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

HEWLETT-PACKARD WARRANTY STATEMENT

U.S. Government Restricted Rights

HP E1563A 2-Channel/E1564A 4-Channel Digitizer User's SCPI Programming Manual

Copyright © 1998 Hewlett-Packard Company. All Rights Reserved.

Edition 2

Documentation History

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according to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and EN 45014

WARNINGS

Please fold and ta pe for mailing

Reader Comment Sheet

HP E1563A 2-Channel and HP E1564A 4-Channel Digitizer User’s and SCPI Programming Manual

Edition 2

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Using This Chapter

General Information The HP E1563A (2-channel) and HP E1564A (4-channel) are 800

Range V oltage Input Condition Vmax

62 mV to 4V High or Low to Guard >20V

16V to 256V Low to Guard >40V

RAM Install Procedure 1. Disconnect any field wiring from the module and remove power

Interrupt Line The HP E1563A and E1564A Digitizers are VXIbus interrupter s. You can

Installing the Digitizer in a Mainframe

Wire gauge Belden® cable P/N Alpha® cable P/N

20 AWG (7x28) 8762 none 22 AWG (7x30) 9462 5481C 24 AWG (7x32) 8641 5491C

Wire gauge Belden® cable P/N Alpha® cable P/N

20 AWG (7x28) 8762 none 22 AWG (7x30) 9462 5481C 24 AWG (7x32) 8641 5491C

Digitizer Input Model The input model for the digitizer is shown below. Maximum voltage

Three-Wire Connection This section shows two examples of connecting the i nput using a three-wi re

3-Wire Cable Connection Example 1

3-Wire Cable Connection Example 2

Two-Wire Connection When Low and Guard are simply connected together at the di gitizer ’s input

Cable Connector Assembly Instructions

Step 2. Orient the HI, LO and Guard conductors with the corresponding pins.

Step 4. Assemble the connector.

C. Push the boot all the way forward to seat tightly onto the cable clamp housing.

To mate the cable connector to the instrument’s front panel connector...

Initial Operation To program the Digitizer using SCPI, you must select t he i nterface address

Using this Chapter

Digitizer Block Diagrams

Figure 2-1. Digitizer Block Diagram.

Figure 2-2. Digitizer Channel Block Diagram.

Figure 2-3. Pre-Trigger and Post-Trigger Block Diagram.

Power-on and Reset State

Table 2-1. Power- on and Reset States.

Parameter Power-on/Reset State

Triggering the Digitizer

Internal Triggers Using SCPI or Plug&Play, you can trigger internally off of a voltage level

External Trigger You can provide an external trigger common to all channels. The external

Trigger Mode The TRIGger:MODE command is used to configure Digitizers for master-

NORMal Mode The default setting for trigger mode is TRIGger:MODE NORMa l which

MASTer Mode Use the TRIGger:MODE MASTer<n> command to configure a module as

SLAVe Mode Use TRIGger:MODE SLAVe0 to configure a module as a slave to a

Table 2-2. Trigger Sources for Master-Slave Modes.

MASTer-SLAVe

Trigger Sources

MASTer 0 SLAVe0 TTLT1 Any source

MASTer 2 SLAVe2 TTLT3 Any source

MASTer 4 SLAVe4 TTLT5 Any source

MASTer 6 SLAVe6 TTLT7 Any source

TRIG:SOUR1 TRIG:SOUR2

(except TTLT0 & TTLT1)

(except TTLT2 & TTLT3)

(except TTLT4 & TTLT5)

(except TTLT6 & TTLT7)

Master-Slave Diagra ms Figures 2-4 illustrates a module confi gured a s a master module. Figu re 2-5

Figure 2-4. Master Module Configuration Block Diagram.

MODE MASTer Sample Signal

MASTer0 TTLT2-7 | INT1-4 | EXT MASTer2 TTLT0,1,4-7 | INT1-4 | EXT MASTer4 TTLT0-3,6-7 | INT1-4 | EXT MASTer6 TTLT0-5 | INT1-4 | EXT

Figure 2-5. Slave Module Configuration Block Diagram.

Input Overload Condition

Range Voltage Input Condition Vmax

62 mV to 4V High or Low to Guard >20V 16V to 256V Low to Guard >40V

Overload Reporting The overload is reported both when the readings are retrieved and when the